A method for obtaining two harvests per year from cultivated land in a crop rotation field

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to methods of growing a mixture of peas + oats in the second and third decade of April or the first decade of May, and then winter rye in the first decade of July. The stalks of barley (foreground crop) grown in the last field of the crop rotation are mowed at a height of 30-35 cm during harvesting. A deep flat-blade cultivator (PG-5) is attached to a John Deere 8370R tractor, and soil cultivation is carried out in the autumn to a depth of 25-27 cm. In winter, snow removal measures are carried out on the first snow cover by attaching a snow plowing unit SVU-2.6 to a K-744 tractor. When snow removal in the fields, the row spacing between the snow plows is 4-5 meters. The following year, in the second and third decades of April, a disk harrow Amazon Catros 6A was installed on the field, which was cultivated with a deep flat cutter, and a moisture-proofing measure was carried out with a John Deere 8370R tractor.In the second and third decade of April or in the first decade of May, the pea+oat mixture was sown directly with a pneumatic seeder (DMS-4000 seeder from Amazone). The seeding depth was 5 cm, the sowing method was a row sowing method, the seeding rate was 70 kg / ha of pea crop (0.4 million germinating seeds) + 60 kg / ha of oat crop (1.2 million germinating seeds / ha). In the third decade of June or in the first decade of July, the crops were cut to the green grass during the flowering or tillering phase, leaving the green grass at a height of 30 cm when cutting. The snow that fell in the winter months kept the high-cut field smooth with a snow cover, and winter rye was protected from severe frosts in winter. After the green mass of grass dries, it is collected into hay, and then the field is treated with a chemical herbicide containing glyphosate (Tornado 500 v. r.). The herbicide spraying rate is 1.5 l / ha.In the second and third decade of August, nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (ammophos, NH4H2PO4 in the amount of 50 kg / ha by physical weight) is sown directly with a pneumatic (seeder) seeder using zero technology (DMS of the Amazone company), the seeding depth is 5 cm, the seeding rate of winter rye is 155 kg / ha or 4.5 million. germinating seeds are sown. In the third decade of October, the winter rye crop is completely removed in the period of full rooting. In the winter months, snow removal works are not carried out in the field. The following year, the winter rye crop is harvested directly with a W 540 i John Deere combine in the period of full ripening, that is, in the first decade of July, the stalks are leveled together with the harvest, and the surface layer of the soil is under a permanent cover (straw, stalk residues). This finely chopped straw and plant residues provide reliable protection against wind and water erosion.Applying some elements of modern minimal-zero technology to this method saves money, resources, and resources in agriculture, and the environment is gradually restored. In the second and third decade of April or the first decade of May, a mixture of peas + oats with peas and oats is sown, yielding 94.2 centners / ha of green fodder or 32.9 centners / ha of hay and an additional 17.8 centners of animal feed. In the second and third decade of August, a winter rye crop was grown, which was harvested during the full rooting period, and the following year, 25.5 centners of winter rye were harvested from each hectare.