Autonomous local heating system

Abstract

The utility model relates to household appliances in general and medical equipment in particular, and can be used to warm various parts of the human or animal body, as well as to warm various objects in the field, such as beverage containers, pocket devices, etc., in extreme weather conditions. An autonomous local heating system comprises a retaining element configured to accommodate and remove at least one heating element. What is new is that the containing element is designed as a belt with at least one pocket, at least one holding element is used, a heating element is placed in the pocket or in each of the pockets, and the heating element or each of the heating elements is designed as an electronic device with a rigid housing and a built-in electric battery, wherein the outer surface of the housing is heated and gives off heat. The utility model provides safe local heating through heat transfer from the heated surface of the housing to the area being heated, while simultaneously ensuring the simplicity and versatility of the design of an autonomous local heating system, thereby achieving the ability to heat various parts of the human body, as well as parts of the body of animals and / or various objects.

Description

The present invention claims priority over Chinese Patent Application No. 201910005500.7, filed on January 3, 2019, entitled "Braking Device, Bogie and Vehicle," the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Field of technology The present invention relates to the field of vehicles and, in particular, to a braking device, a bogie and a vehicle. State of the art In the context of globalization, international combined transport has boosted the development of rail transport. However, when freight is transported by rail to a country with a different railway gauge, transhipment or replacement of the vehicle's undercarriage must be performed on a transit section with a different gauge to ensure uninterrupted transport. This results in low efficiency and loss of goods. A variable gauge bogie is the optimal solution for international combined transport between different gauges, enabling interconnectivity, increasing efficiency, and reducing losses. As part of the basic braking device of a freight car bogie, the brake beam is a crucial component for vehicle braking and requires readjustment to accommodate changes in the bogie gauge.Until now, the position of the brake beam brake head was not adjustable on the brake beam frame, and therefore the condition for quickly changing the track could not be met. In conventional technology, the brake head is mounted on the end of the brake beam frame. Each side of the brake beam frame has at least two brake head mounting holes. The brake head is secured with a locking device through one of the mounting holes. The brake head can slide along the brake beam frame. Each side of the brake head frame is equipped with two stoppers. The two stoppers are arranged at predetermined intervals. The position of the brake head is limited by one of the stoppers, and the brake head is used to secure the brake shoe. When the brake beam changes track, automatic track change cannot be achieved using ground equipment or vehicle structure, and the brake head must be manually moved and secured. Disclosure of invention The main object of the present invention is to provide a braking device, a bogie and a vehicle that would eliminate the disadvantage of the conventional prior art, which is that the brake head of the braking device cannot automatically shift in accordance with the change of track. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in accordance with the first aspect of the proposed invention, a braking device is provided, comprising: a brake beam; a brake part located on the brake beam and provided with an installation space for accommodating a wheel housing; wherein the position of the brake part is adjusted on the brake beam by moving the brake part relative to the brake beam under the influence of axial pressure from the wheel housing. Furthermore, the brake beam is equipped with a first limiting portion, and the brake portion is equipped with a second limiting portion, configured to be aligned with the first limiting portion. In this case, when the wheel housing actuates the brake portion, the first limiting portion moves away from the second limiting portion. Furthermore, the first limiting portion is a limiting recess, and the second limiting portion is a limiting projection. The limiting projection is located within the limiting recess. In this case, when the wheel body actuates the brake portion, the limiting projection extends out of the limiting recess. In addition, there is a series of limiting recesses. The brake beam is provided with a series of limiting recesses spaced along the direction of movement of the brake element, so that the limiting projection can be positioned within the limiting recess opposite the limiting projection in the clamped state when the brake element moves a predetermined distance. In addition, there are at least two limiting projections. These at least two limiting projections are spaced apart, and the distance between two adjacent limiting projections is equal to the distance between two adjacent limiting recesses. In this case, the number of limiting recesses is at least one greater than the number of limiting projections. In addition, the brake part may comprise: a brake head mounted with the possibility of movement on the brake beam; and a plate movement device located on the brake head, wherein the plate movement device has an installation space, in which the wheel body, by means of the plate movement device, sets the brake head in motion for its movement along the brake beam. In addition, the brake head is connected to the plate moving device by welding, clamping, coupling or fastening. In addition, the brake head and the plate moving device are made as a single unit. Additionally, the brake head has a mounting hole, and the brake beam fits into the mounting hole. Alternatively, the brake head has a mounting recess, and the brake beam is located within the mounting recess. The brake section may also include a locking bolt, which is located on the brake head and contacts the brake beam, preventing the brake beam from exiting the mounting recess or from a hole in the mounting recess. Furthermore, the brake component may further comprise: a stopper mounted on the brake head and positioned between the brake head and the brake beam. In this case, the stopper is movable relative to the brake beam, such that the stopper is in a first state of limited contact with the brake beam and a second state of movement relative to the brake beam. Furthermore, the stopper is a flexible structure, with the stopper equipped with a limiting projection, and the brake beam equipped with a limiting recess aligned with the limiting projection. In the first position of the stopper, the limiting projection is located within the limiting recess; in the second position of the stopper, the wheel body drives the stopper through the brake head, and the limiting projection exits the limiting recess. In addition, the brake head is provided with a mounting recess, and the stopper is hidden in the cavity of the mounting recess, so that the mounting recess can hold the stopper during the deformation of the stopper. Additionally, there is a gap at both ends of the stop. The brake head is equipped with a raised block that aligns with the gap, and the raised block is positioned within the gap, limiting the stop's travel away from the brake head. Furthermore, the brake portion may further comprise: a first wear plate located on a wear plate movement device. The first wear plates are arranged in pairs, with two paired first wear plates arranged opposite each other. The wheel body is positioned between the two first wear plates, which are arranged opposite each other, such that the wear plate movement device is in contact with the wheel body through the first wear plate. Additionally, the braking section may also include buffer components, with the shock-absorbing elements arranged in pairs. Two paired shock-absorbing elements are located at each end of the brake beam, respectively. A shock-absorbing element is used to contact the bogie side frame, whereby the two paired shock-absorbing elements actuate the brake beam to return it to a predetermined position when the brake beam is deflected. In addition, the brake beam is provided with a mounting hole. The shock-absorbing element may comprise: a second wear plate provided with a guide post, wherein the guide post is located inside the mounting hole, and the second wear plate is used for contact with the side frame; and a spring secured to the guide post, wherein one end of the spring rests against the second wear plate, and the other end of the spring rests against the brake beam, and, when the brake beam deflects, the spring causes the brake beam to move relative to the second wear plate. According to a second aspect of the present invention, a trolley is provided comprising: a braking device, which is the aforementioned braking device. According to a third aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided comprising: a bogie and wheel housings. The bogie comprises the aforementioned bogie, the brake portions are arranged in pairs, the wheel housings are arranged in pairs, the two wheel housings arranged in pairs are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the two brake portions arranged in pairs, and the distance between the two wheel housings arranged in pairs is adjustable. By adopting the brake device according to the present invention, the position of the brake section is adjusted on the brake beam, allowing the wheel housings to move relative to the rotating shaft as the track changes. This allows the wheel to drive the brake section relative to the brake beam, allowing the brake section's position to be automatically adjusted in tandem with track changes. The drawback of the brake head of the conventional brake device not being able to move automatically in response to track changes can be eliminated. Brief description of the figures The accompanying figures, which form a part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present description, and the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and their description are used to explain the present description, but do not constitute an unduly limiting limitation of the present invention. In the figures: Fig. 1 shows a structural diagram of an embodiment of a braking device according to the present invention. Fig. 2 shows a structural diagram of a local section of the braking device according to the present invention. Fig. 3 shows a structural diagram of the braking part of the braking device according to the present invention. Fig. 4 shows a structural diagram of the local design of the braking part of the braking device according to the present invention. Fig. 5 shows a structural diagram of the first viewing angle of the local design of the first embodiment of the braking device according to the present invention. Fig. 6 shows a design diagram of a second viewing angle of the local design of the first embodiment of the braking device according to the present invention. Fig. 7 is an exploded view of a local design of a braking device according to the present invention. Fig. 8 shows a diagram of the local design of the second embodiment of the braking device according to the present invention. In this case, the above mentioned figures may contain the following symbols. 60 - brake beam. 61 - limiting recess. 62 - mounting hole. 70 - brake part. 71 - limiting projection. 72 - brake head. 721 - mounting recess. 722 - raised block. 73 - plate moving device. 74 - lock bolt. 75 - stopper. 751 - gap. 76 - first wear plate. 77 - installation space. 80 - shock absorber. 81 - second wear plate. 811 - guide post. 82 - spring. 83 - wear bushing. 140 - side frame. Detailed description of embodiments of the invention It should be noted that the embodiments in the application and the functions in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures and in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. It should be noted that the terms used herein are intended to describe specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the illustrative embodiments according to the application. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the singular form used herein also includes the plural form. Furthermore, it should also be understood that the terms "include" and / or "comprise," as used in the description, indicate the existence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof. The present invention provides a braking device. As shown in Figs. 1-8, the braking device may comprise: a brake beam 60 and a brake portion 70, wherein the brake portion 70 is located on the brake beam 60, and wherein the brake portion 70 has an installation space 77 for accommodating a wheel housing. Moreover, the brake portion 70 is configured to adjust its position on the brake beam 60, that is, the brake portion 70 can move relative to the brake beam 60 by means of a drive from the wheel housing, when the wheel housing moves in the axial direction. In the proposed braking device according to the present invention, the position of the brake portion 70 is adjusted on the brake beam 60 by moving the wheel housing relative to the rotating shaft when the track changes. In this case, the wheel housing can drive the brake portion 70 relative to the brake beam 60, meaning that the position of the brake portion 70 can be adjusted automatically in response to changes in the track, and the drawback of the brake head of the conventional braking device not being able to move automatically in response to changes in the track can be eliminated. In this embodiment, during normal operation, the wheel housing is located inside the mounting space 77 and is separated from the mounting space 77. When the wheel housing is displaced in the axial direction, the wheel housing comes into contact with the brake portion 70 and the brake portion 70 is driven relative to the brake beam 60. To ensure relative stability of the brake beam 60 and the brake portion 70 in the track-staying mode, the brake beam 60 is provided with a first limiting portion, and the brake portion 70 is provided with a second limiting portion configured to be aligned with the first limiting portion. When the wheel housing actuates the brake portion 70, the first limiting portion moves away from the second limiting portion. In an embodiment, when the wheel body moves normally, namely, in the non-track changing mode, the first limiting portion is aligned with the second limiting portion, and the brake beam 60 and the brake portion 70 are currently relatively stationary. When the wheel body moves axially, namely, in the track changing mode, the wheel body drives the brake portion 70, and at this point, the first limiting portion moves away from the second limiting portion. In this embodiment, the first limiting portion is a limiting recess, and the second limiting portion is a limiting projection. Or, the first limiting portion is a limiting recess, and the second limiting portion is a limiting projection. Preferably, the first limiting portion is a limiting recess 61, the second limiting portion is a limiting projection 71, wherein the limiting projection 71 is located inside the limiting recess 61. When the wheel body drives the brake portion 70, the limiting projection 71 comes out of the limiting recess 61. Preferably, there is a row of limiting recesses 61. On the brake beam 60, a row of limiting recesses 61 is provided at intervals along the direction of movement of the brake part 70, so that the limiting projection 71 can be located inside the limiting recess 61 opposite the limiting projection in the clamped state when the brake part 70 moves a predetermined distance. Preferably, there are at least two limiting projections 71. At least two limiting projections 71 are arranged at intervals, wherein the distance between two adjacent limiting projections 71 is equal to the distance between two adjacent limiting recesses 61. In this case, the number of limiting recesses 61 is at least one greater than the number of limiting projections 71. In an embodiment, the two limiting recesses 61 are adjusted directly in accordance with the track change distance in real time, namely, when the brake portion 70 is moved by a predetermined distance, the limiting projection 71 can still be located inside the next limiting recess 61. In a specific design of the brake portion 70, as shown in Fig. 3, the brake portion 70 may comprise: a brake head 72, wherein the brake head 72 is mounted with the possibility of movement on the brake beam 60; and a plate moving device 73, wherein the plate moving device 73 is formed on the brake head 72, wherein the plate moving device 73 has an installation space 77, in which the wheel body drives the brake head 72 by means of the plate moving device 73 to move the brake head 72 along the brake beam 60. In this embodiment, the brake portion 70 consists of a brake head 72 and a plate moving device 73. The brake head 72 is equipped with a brake shoe for braking the wheel body. The brake head 72 is used to contact the wheel body when the wheel body's track changes. In this embodiment, the plate moving device 73 is represented in the form of a U-shaped structure, and the installation space 77 is represented in the form of a U-shaped opening of the U-shaped structure. In the first method of forming the brake head 72 and the plate moving device 73, the brake head 72 is connected to the plate moving device 73 by welding, clamping, coupling or by means of fastening. In the second method of forming the brake head 72 and the plate moving device 73, the brake head 72 and the plate moving device 73 are formed as a single unit. According to a specific method for connecting the brake head 72 and the brake beam 60, the brake head 72 is provided with a mounting hole, wherein the brake beam 60 fits into the mounting hole. Or, the brake head 72 is provided with a mounting recess, and the brake beam 60 is located within the mounting recess. The brake portion 70 may further comprise a locking bolt 74, wherein the locking bolt 74 is formed on the brake head 72 and is in contact with the brake beam 60, so as to limit the exit of the brake beam 60 from the mounting recess or from the mounting hole. According to the first embodiment of the specific method for connecting the brake head 72 and the brake beam 60, as shown in Fig. 2, the brake head 72 is provided with an installation hole, and the brake beam 60 enters the installation hole, namely, the outer surface of the brake beam 60 is tightly installed inside the brake head 72. According to a second embodiment of the specific method for connecting the brake head 72 and the brake beam 60, as shown in Fig. 8, the brake head 72 is provided with a mounting recess, wherein the brake beam 60 is located within the mounting recess. In this case, the brake head 72 is represented in the form of a U-shaped open recess. To prevent the brake beam 60 from protruding from the opening of the mounting recess, a series of locking bolts 74 are provided. In order to limit the brake head 72 and the brake beam 60, as shown in Fig. 2, the brake part 70 may further comprise: a stopper 75, wherein the stopper 75 is formed on the brake head 72 and is located between the brake head 72 and the brake beam 60. In this case, the stopper 75 is located with the possibility of movement relative to the brake beam 60, so that the stopper 75 has a first state with being in limited contact with the brake beam 60, and a second state with movement relative to the brake beam 60. In this embodiment, the stopper 75 is located between the brake head 72 and the brake beam 60, thus limited contact with the brake beam is achieved through the stopper 75. In another embodiment, the stopper 75 is located on the brake beam 60 and is installed between the brake head 72 and the brake beam 60, wherein the stopper 75 is located with the possibility of movement relative to the brake head 72, so that the stopper 75 has a first state with being in limited contact with the brake head 72, and a second state with movement relative to the brake head 72. Preferably, the stopper 75 is a flexible structure, wherein the stopper 75 is provided with a limiting projection 71, and the brake beam 60 is provided with a limiting recess 61, which is combined with the limiting projection 71. In this case, when the stopper 75 is in the first state, the limiting projection 71 is located inside the limiting recess 61; and when the stopper 75 is in the second state, the wheel body drives the stopper 75 through the brake head 72, and the limiting projection 71 comes out of the limiting recess 61. In this embodiment, the stopper 75 can be optionally rigidly connected to the brake beam 60 or the brake head 72 and, accordingly, can move in the other case. Preferably, the brake head 72 is provided with a mounting recess 721, the stopper 75 is hidden in the opening of the mounting recess 721, so that the mounting recess 721 is used to hold the stopper 75 during deformation of the stopper 75. In order to prevent the stopper 75 from moving away from the brake head 72, as shown in Fig. 3 and 4, the two ends of the stopper 75 have a gap 75, respectively, the brake head 72 is provided with a raised block 722 that is aligned with the gap 751, and the raised block 722 is located inside the gap 751, so that it limits the movement of the stopper 75 from the brake head 72. In an embodiment, the four upper corners of the brake head 72 are provided with protruding blocks 722, and, accordingly, the four upper corners of the stopper 75 are provided with gaps 751. The raised blocks 722 are located inside the gaps 751, so as to limit the departure of the stopper 75 from the brake head 72. In view of the fact that the plate moving device 73 must be in contact with the wheel body, the braking part 70 may further comprise: a first wear plate 76, wherein the first wear plate 76 is formed on the plate moving device 73. The first wear plates 76 are arranged in pairs, two pairs of the first wear plates 76 are arranged oppositely, and the wheel body is used for placement between the two first wear plates 76, which are installed oppositely, so that the plate moving device 73 is in contact with the wheel body through the first wear plate 76. In this embodiment, the first wear plate 76, which contacts the wheel body, is positioned in such a way that the operation of the plate moving device 73 can be prevented. Because the brake portion 70 must move relative to the brake beam 60, the distance between the wheel body and the brake portion 70 is small, and the brake beam 60 may move in a manner that may interfere with normal operation when the brake portion 70 contacts the wheel body. In this regard, the braking device may further comprise shock-absorbing elements 80, wherein the shock-absorbing elements 80 are arranged in pairs. Two paired shock-absorbing elements 80 are formed at two ends of the brake beam 60, respectively. The shock absorbing element 80 is used for contact with the side frame 140 of the bogie, in which two paired shock absorbing elements 80 drive the brake beam 60 to return it to a predetermined position when the brake beam 60 is deflected. In this embodiment, the shock absorbing element 80 is arranged in such a way that it constantly ensures that the brake beam 60 is positioned in a relatively unchanged position.In this way, it can be ensured that the relative positions of the brake portion 70 and the wheel body are unchanged, and, accordingly, normal use cannot be disturbed. In a specific design of the shock absorbing element 80, as shown in Fig. 2 and 7, the brake beam 60 is provided with a mounting hole 62. The shock absorbing element 80 may comprise: a second wear plate 81, wherein the inner side of the second wear plate 81 is provided with a guide post 811, wherein the guide post 811 is used for placement inside the mounting hole 62, and the outer side of the second wear plate 81 is used for contact with the side frame 140; a spring 82, wherein the spring 82 is fixed on the guide post 811, wherein one end of the spring 82 rests against the second wear plate 81, the other end of the spring 82 rests against the brake beam 60, and when the brake beam 60 deflects, the spring 82 drives the brake beam 60 relative to the second wear plate 81. In this embodiment, the spring 82 may provide a relative position between the brake beam 60 and the second wear plate 81, so that the brake beam 60 may be limited to a relatively constant position. In this embodiment, the portion of the brake beam section 60 next to the second wear plate 81 is provided with a wear sleeve 83. In one specific embodiment of the braking device according to the present invention, the brake head 72 is mounted on the end of the brake beam frame (brake beam 60), and the brake head 72 is provided with a lever device 73 for moving the plates. When the wheel pair begins to switch the sensor in the presence of ground equipment, the lateral position of the wheel (wheel housing) can be changed, and pressure is applied to the plate moving device 73, followed by its movement. The plate moving device 73 is rigidly connected to the brake head 72 by means of a rivet or a bolt and causes the brake head 72 to slide along the brake beam frame, thereby changing the size of the brake beam. A special extended section is located at the junction of the brake beam frame and the brake head 72, and an installation recess (limiting recess 61) is formed.The distance between the mounting recesses is set according to the track width. The elastic element (stopper 75) is provided with a mounting protrusion (limiting protrusion 71), corresponding to a mounting recess on the brake beam frame. The protrusions of the elastic element are aligned with the recesses at various positions of the brake beam frame, thereby implementing the transverse positioning of the brake head. When the wheel moves transversely through the variable track width equipment, the wheel pushes the brake head 72 through the plate moving device 73 with transverse movement, and the protrusion of the elastic element exits the recess on the brake beam frame in the presence of a transverse force, thereby enabling the locking. When moving to a new position, the protrusion of the elastic element again enters the recess on the brake beam frame in the presence of an elastic force, thereby achieving the locking.The brake head 72 is provided with a stopper (raised block 722), and in the position of the sliding connection of the brake head 72 and the brake beam frame, a stepped limitation is formed, thus ensuring that the elastic element will not jump out. In this embodiment, the end of the brake beam is provided with an elastic centering device for the brake beam (shock absorber 80), and the device comprises an opening (mounting opening 62) on the brake beam 60, a spring 82 and a wear plate (second wear plate 81) provided with a guide post. The guide post on the wear plate regulates the direction of movement of the wear plate, and the spring provides an elastic force, in which the brake beam is held in a middle position between the two side frames of the bogie, and the relative positions of the wheel and the plate moving device 73 are limited during the movement of the vehicle, thereby providing the effect of a variable size of the brake beam. The wear plate is added due to the fact that the plate moving device 73 is in contact with the wheel.The wear plate and the plate moving device 73 are rigidly connected by a countersunk bolt or by welding or other means. This reduces wear on the plate moving device 73. In this embodiment, the brake head plate moving device and the brake head are cast as a single unit, and the brake head plate moving device is connected as a single unit to the brake head by welding. A hole is provided on the rear side, in the position where the brake head and the brake beam frame are connected, for installation on the brake beam frame, while a restriction is formed on the outer side by a bolt or the like to prevent their separation. The brake head is equipped with a brake head plate moving device to provide a force that allows the brake head to move transversely along the brake beam frame when changing the brake beam size. The brake head and the brake beam frame are installed using an elastic spring element with a recess. The plate moving device is provided with a metallic or non-metallic wear plate. The present invention further provides a trolley comprising: a braking device, wherein the braking device is the above-mentioned braking device. The present invention further provides a vehicle comprising a bogie and wheel housings. The bogie comprises the aforementioned bogie, the brake portions 70 being arranged in pairs, the wheel housings being arranged in pairs, the two wheel housings arranged in pairs being arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the two brake portions 70 arranged in pairs, and the distance between the two wheel housings arranged in pairs being adjustable. When a railway freight car equipped with the braking device of the present invention travels on lines with different track gauges, the brake beam can automatically adjust in size as the wheelset gauge changes. This allows the braking system to operate with adaptability to different track gauges, eliminating the need to relocate or replace the bogie, ensuring uninterrupted freight transportation. This therefore improves operational efficiency and reduces transportation costs. From the above description, the said embodiment of the present invention realizes the following technical effect. By adopting the brake device according to the present invention, the position of the brake portion 70 is adjustable on the brake beam 60 as the wheel housing moves relative to the rotating shaft in the track change mode. In this case, the wheel housing can drive the brake portion 70 relative to the brake beam 60, so that the position of the brake portion 70 can be adjusted automatically in accordance with the track change, and the disadvantage that the brake head of the brake device in the conventional design cannot move automatically in accordance with the track change can be eliminated. It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description, claims, and aforementioned figures of the application are used to distinguish similar subject matter, and not to describe a specific sequence or order of priority. It should be understood that the data used in this manner may be modified, if necessary, so that embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented in a sequence different from the sequences graphically shown or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," and any variations thereof, are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusions.For example, for processes, methods, systems, products, or devices that contain a series of steps or elements, they are not limited to the explicit listing of those steps or elements, and may instead include other steps or elements that are not explicitly listed or that are an integral part of those processes, methods, products, or devices. To facilitate description, this document may use spatially relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the top surface," and "on" to describe the spatial relationship between the device or element shown in the figure and other devices or other elements. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include various orientations of the device during use or operation outside the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, this may be described as the device being "above other devices or other structures" or "above other devices or other structures," or being positioned "below other devices or other structures" or "below other devices or other structures." Therefore, the illustrative term "above" may include two orientations: "above" and "below."Alternatively, the device may be positioned in various other ways (rotated 90° or positioned in a different orientation), and the spatial relative description used in this document should be explained accordingly. The above description presents only preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A braking device comprising: a brake beam (60); a brake part (70), wherein the brake part (70) is formed on the brake beam (60), and the brake part (70) has an installation space (77) for accommodating a wheel housing; wherein the position of the brake part (70) is configured to be adjustable on the brake beam (60), such that the brake part (70) moves relative to the brake beam (60) under the influence of axial pressure of the wheel housing, when the wheel housing moves.the brake part (70) comprises a brake head (72) and a stopper (75), wherein the brake head (72) is mounted with the possibility of movement on the brake beam (60), the stopper (75) formed on the brake head (72) and located between the brake head (72) and the brake beam (60); wherein the stopper (75) is located with the possibility of movement relative to the brake beam (60), so that the stopper (75) has a first state in which the stopper is in limiting contact with the brake beam (60), and a second state with the possibility of its movement relative to the brake beam (60).

2. The braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake beam (60) is provided with a first limiting part, the brake part (70) is provided with a second limiting part, made with the possibility of being combined with the first limiting part, wherein, when the wheel body sets the brake part (70) in motion, the first limiting part moves away from the second limiting part.

3. The braking device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first limiting part is a limiting recess (61), the second limiting part is a limiting projection (71), wherein the limiting projection (71) is located inside the limiting recess (61); and when the wheel body sets the braking part (70) in motion, the limiting projection (71) comes out of the limiting recess (61).

4. The braking device according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a series of limiting recesses (61), wherein the series of limiting recesses (61) are formed on the brake beam (60) at intervals along the direction of movement of the brake part (70), so that the limiting projection (71) can be located inside the limiting recess (61) opposite the limiting projection (71) in the clamped state, when the brake part (70) moves a given distance.

5. The braking device according to claim 4, characterized in that it has at least two limiting projections (71); wherein at least two limiting projections (71) are located at intervals; the distance between two adjacent limiting projections (71) is equal to the distance between two adjacent limiting recesses (61); wherein the number of limiting recesses (61) is at least one more than the number of limiting projections (71).

6. The brake device according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake part (70) further comprises: a plate moving device (73), wherein the plate moving device (73) is located on the brake head (72), wherein the plate moving device (73) has an installation space (77) for accommodating the wheel body, which drives the brake head (72) by means of the plate moving device (73) with subsequent movement of the brake head (72) along the brake beam (60).

7. The brake device according to claim 6, characterized in that the brake head (72) is connected to the plate moving device (73) by welding, clamping, coupling, or by means of fasteners.

8. The brake device according to claim 6, characterized in that the brake head (72) and the plate moving device (73) are made as a single unit.

9. The brake device according to claim 6, characterized in that the brake head (72) is provided with a mounting hole, and the brake beam (60) enters the mounting hole; or the brake head (72) is provided with a mounting recess, and the brake beam (60) is located inside the mounting recess; the brake part (70) additionally comprises a lock bolt (74), wherein the lock bolt (74) is made on the brake head (72) and is in contact with the brake beam (60), so that it limits the exit of the brake beam (60) from the mounting recess or from the mounting hole.

10. The braking device according to claim 6, characterized in that the stopper (75) is an elastic structure, wherein the stopper (75) is provided with a limiting projection (71), and the brake beam (60) is provided with a limiting recess (11), which is combined with the limiting projection (71); wherein, when the stopper (75) is in the first state, the limiting projection (71) is located inside the limiting recess (51); and when the stopper (75) is in the second state, the wheel body sets the stopper (75) in motion through the brake head (72), wherein the limiting projection (71) comes out of the limiting recess (61).

11. The brake device according to claim 10, characterized in that the brake head (72) is provided with a mounting recess (721), the stopper (75) is hidden in the cavity of the mounting recess (721), and the mounting recess (721) is used to hold the stopper (75) during deformation of the stopper (75).

12. The brake device according to claim 10, characterized in that the two ends of the stopper (75) have a gap (751), respectively; the brake head (72) is provided with a raised block (722) aligned with the gap (751), and the raised block (722) is located inside the gap (751) to limit the displacement of the stopper (75) relative to the brake head (72).

13. The braking device according to claim 6, characterized in that the braking part (70) further comprises: a first wear plate (76), wherein the first wear plate (76) is formed on a plate moving device (73), the first wear plates (76) are arranged in pairs, two pairs of first wear plates (76) are arranged oppositely, the wheel body is located between two opposite first wear plates (76), wherein the plate moving device (73) is in contact with the wheel body through the first wear plate (76).

14. The braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the braking device further comprises: a shock-absorbing element (80), wherein the shock-absorbing elements (80) are arranged in pairs; two paired shock-absorbing components (80) are formed at two ends of the brake beam (60), respectively, the shock-absorbing element (80) is used for contact with the side frame (140) of the bogie, so that the two paired shock-absorbing elements (80) set the brake beam (60) in motion to return to a predetermined position when the brake beam (60) is deflected.

15. The brake device according to claim 14, characterized in that the brake beam (60) has a mounting hole (62), and the shock-absorbing element (80) comprises: a second wear plate (81), wherein the inner part of the second wear plate (81) is provided with a guide post (811), wherein the guide post (811) is used for placement inside the mounting hole (62), and the outer part of the second wear plate (81) is used for contact with the side frame (140); and a spring (82), wherein the spring (82) is mounted on the guide post (811), one end of the spring (82) rests against the second wear plate (81), and the other end of the spring (82) rests against the brake beam (60), wherein the spring (82) sets the brake beam (60) in motion relative to the second wear plate (81) when the brake beam (60) is deflected.

16. A bogie containing a braking device according to any of paragraphs. 1-15.

17. A vehicle comprising a bogie according to claim 16 and wheel housings, wherein the brake parts (70) are arranged in pairs, the wheel housings are arranged in pairs, two wheel housings are arranged in pairs and mutually one-to-one with two brake parts (70) arranged in pairs, and the distance between the two wheel housings arranged in pairs is adjustable.