DIHYDROMYRICETIN FORMULATIONS AND A PERMEABILIZER

Abstract

Formulations that include dihydromyricetin (DHM) and a fatty acid salt or a fatty acid.

Description

DIHYDROMYRICETIN FORMULATIONS AND A PERMEABILIZER Field of invention The invention relates to compositions that include dihydromyricetin (DHM) and a fatty acid or fatty acid salt that can act as a permeabilizer. Background of the invention Alcohol is a component of medicines, foods, and beverages that provides both beneficial and harmful effects to humans. Alcohol can refer to ethyl alcohol (ethanol), which is the common form of consumable alcohol found in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and liquor. During consumption, alcohol is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream, from where it can affect various organs, including the brain, heart, pancreas, and liver. Alcohol can act as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. For example, alcohol interferes with communication pathways in the brain, affecting brain function and resulting in cognitive and behavioral changes, such as a person's ability to think, concentrate, and move, as well as their mood and behavior.Alcohol can cause inflammation and damage to the liver; for example, consistently drinking too much alcohol can cause chronic liver problems. For instance, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to steatosis (e.g., fatty liver), infection (alcoholic hepatitis), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. More commonly, even a single instance of light to moderate to heavy alcohol consumption can result in what is commonly known as an “alcohol hangover.” A hangover refers to a range of physical symptoms that affect a person shortly after consuming alcohol, for example, within a few hours of consumption. Hangover symptoms include, for example, one or more of the following: thirst, fatigue and / or weakness, headache and / or muscle pain, dizziness / lightheadedness, loss of appetite, poor and / or reduced sleep, nausea and / or stomach pain (which may include vomiting), and an elevated heart rate.A hangover is considered one of the most widely experienced negative consequences of alcohol consumption. [1] Brief description of the invention One embodiment of the invention includes a dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation comprising dihydromyricetin (DHM) and a permeabiliser comprising a fatty acid salt and / or a fatty acid. The permeabiliser may include a fatty acid salt, such as a sodium fatty acid salt, a potassium fatty acid salt, a saturated fatty acid salt, a sodium saturated fatty acid salt, a potassium saturated fatty acid salt, a sodium saturated fatty acid salt, and / or a potassium saturated fatty acid salt having 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbons, sodium decanoate (sodium caprate), and / or potassium decanoate (potassium caprate). The permeabilizer may include a fatty acid, such as a saturated fatty acid, a saturated fatty acid having 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbons, a saturated fatty acid having 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 carbons and / or decanoic acid (capric acid).The fatty acid can take the form of a triglyceride; for example, the. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI U4 / O fatty acid can be decanoic acid (capric acid) attached to glycerol in a medium chain triglyceride or the fatty acid can be decanoic acid (capric acid) in a medium chain triglyceride formed from three groups of decanoic acid (capric acid) attached to glycerol. The DHM formulation may include a medium-chain triglyceride formulation. The medium-chain triglyceride formulation may include a fatty acid, and the fatty acid may include decanoic acid (capric acid). The DHM formulation may include coconut oil. The coconut oil may include a fatty acid, and the fatty acid may include decanoic acid (capric acid). The DHM formulation may include coconut product, palm kernel oil, palm oil, and / or durian extract. The coconut product, palm kernel oil, palm oil, and / or durian extract may include a fatty acid, and the fatty acid may include decanoic acid (capric acid). A fatty acid, decanoic acid (capric acid), a triglyceride, and / or a medium-chain triglyceride may be a component of a natural product; the DHM formulation may include that natural product. The DHM formulation may include at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, or at least 5 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. The DHM formulation may include from approximately 1 to approximately 2 or from approximately 1 to approximately 3 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. DHM can be in solid and / or powder form. DHM can be crystalline; for example, DHM can be at least 99%, at least 98%, at least 95%, at least 90%, at least 80%, at least 70%, at least 60%, or at least 50% crystalline. DHM can be substantially amorphous or non-amorphous. DHM can be solubilized, emulsified, dispersed as a suspension, dispersed as a colloid, or molecularly dispersed. The formulation of DHM can be homogeneous. One embodiment of the invention includes a pharmaceutical form comprising the formulation of DHM as a tablet, capsule, pill, lozenge, caplet, or dragee. One embodiment of the invention includes a pharmaceutical form that encapsulates the DHM formulation in a capsule. The capsule may be a soft gelatin capsule. For example, the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation may be in liquid or gelatin form and may be encapsulated in a soft gelatin capsule. The capsule may include animal-derived materials, such as gelatin and / or collagen, plant-derived materials, and synthetically produced materials. For example, the capsule may include a polysaccharide, a sulfated polysaccharide, carrageenan, cellulose, a cellulose derivative, starch, a starch derivative, pullulan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) copolymer, and / or polyethylene glycol (PEG). For example, the capsule may include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and / or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS).For example, the capsule may include materials of algal origin and / or materials derived from materials of algal origin. The pharmaceutical form may include an outer surface, and the outer surface may be coated with an enteric coating. For example, the outer surface of a capsule, tablet, pill, lozenge, oblong tablet, or dragee may be coated with an enteric coating. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI U4 / O The enteric coating can be a polymeric coating, a methacrylate copolymer coating, or a poly(methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate) coating. The dosage form may not be solubilized or dissolved by an aqueous solution having a pH of 3.5 or lower (the dosage form may remain undissolved in an aqueous solution having a pH of 3.5 or lower). The dosage form may not be solubilized or dissolved by an aqueous solution having a pH of 2 or lower (the dosage form may remain undissolved in an aqueous solution having a pH of 2 or lower). The dosage form may be solubilized or dissolved in water or an aqueous solution having a pH of at least 5.5 (the dosage form may be solubilized or dissolved in water or an aqueous solution having a pH of 5.5 or higher). The dosage form may be solubilized or dissolved in water or an aqueous solution having a pH of at least 7 (the dosage form may be solubilized or dissolved in water or an aqueous solution having a pH of 7 or higher). A pharmaceutical form may include the formulation of DHM in a liquid or gelatin form. A pharmaceutical dosage form may include a formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) with the DHM dissolved, emulsified, dispersed as a suspension, or dispersed as a colloid in an aqueous liquid. For example, DHM particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nm may be considered to form a colloid in an aqueous liquid. For example, DHM particles larger than 1000 nm may be considered to form a suspension in an aqueous liquid. The aqueous liquid may include at least 0.04% by weight of DHM, at least 0.07% by weight of DHM, at least 0.1% by weight of DHM, at least 0.14% by weight of DHM, at least 0.2% by weight of DHM, at least 0.4% by weight of DHM, at least 1% by weight of DHM, at least 2% by weight of DHM, at least 3% by weight of DHM, at least 4% by weight of DHM, at least 5% by weight of DHM, at least 6% by weight of DHM, at least 7% by weight of DHM, or at least 8% by weight of DHM.The aqueous liquid may include cysteine; for example, the aqueous liquid may include at least 0.02 wt% cysteine, at least 0.05 wt% cysteine, at least 0.1 wt% cysteine, at least 0.2 wt% cysteine, at least 0.3 wt% cysteine, at least 0.4 wt% cysteine, at least 0.5 wt% cysteine, or at least 1 wt% cysteine. The aqueous liquid may include an emulsifier, such as a plant product, lecithin, or another emulsifier. The aqueous liquid may include carbon dioxide. For example, the aqueous liquid may include at least 0.1% by weight of carbon dioxide, at least 0.2% by weight of carbon dioxide, at least 0.3% by weight of carbon dioxide, at least 0.4% by weight of carbon dioxide, at least 0.5% by weight of carbon dioxide, at least 0.8% by weight of carbon dioxide, or at least 1.5% by weight of carbon dioxide.The aqueous liquid may have a pH of up to 7 (a pH of 7 or less), up to 6 (a pH of 6 or less), up to 5 (a pH of 5 or less), or up to 4 (a pH of 4 or less). The aqueous liquid may include a water-soluble polymer, for example, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA), a cellulosic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and / or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The aqueous liquid may also include a cyclodextrin, for example, beta-cyclodextrin. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI »4 / 0 The pharmaceutical form may additionally include a matrix material, such as poly(ethylene oxide), a cellulosic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), poly(vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA), and / or poly(vinyl acetate-vinyl caprolactam-ethylene oxide) (such as Soluplus®). The DHM and / or the permeabiliser may be molecularly dispersed in the matrix material. The DHM may be amorphous in the matrix material. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulations may be used as a medication. For example, DHM formulations may be used to reduce hangover symptoms, prevent alcohol use disorder, prevent alcoholism, treat alcohol use disorder, treat alcoholism, treat alcohol overdose, increase antioxidant capacity, prevent Alzheimer's disease, treat Alzheimer's disease, inhibit inflammation, protect the kidneys, protect the liver, prevent or treat cancer, improve a metabolic disorder, prevent diabetes, treat bacterial infections, and / or treat depression, depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) can be used to manufacture a drug to reduce hangover symptoms, prevent alcohol use disorder, prevent alcoholism, treat alcohol use disorder, treat alcoholism, treat alcohol overdose, provide neuroprotection, prevent Alzheimer's disease, treat Alzheimer's disease, improve a metabolic disorder, prevent diabetes, treat diabetes, increase antioxidant capacity, inhibit inflammation, protect the kidneys, protect the liver, prevent and / or treat cancer, treat a bacterial infection, and / or treat depression, a depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder. A method according to the invention for treating a patient suffering from a hangover symptom, alcohol use disorder, alcoholism, alcohol overdose, Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, cancer, a metabolic disorder, diabetes, a bacterial infection, and / or depression, a depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder may include administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation to the patient to reduce the hangover symptom, treat alcohol use disorder, treat alcoholism, treat alcohol overdose, treat Alzheimer's disease, treat or inhibit inflammation, treat cancer, treat or improve metabolic disorder, treat diabetes, treat bacterial infection, and / or treat depression, a depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder. A method according to the invention for treating a patient at risk of alcohol use disorder, alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, cancer, a metabolic disorder and / or diabetes may include administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation to the patient to prevent alcohol use disorder, prevent alcoholism, prevent Alzheimer's disease, prevent inflammation, prevent cancer, prevent metabolic disorder and / or prevent diabetes. A method according to the invention for treating a patient who needs increased antioxidant capacity, neuroprotection, kidney protection and / or liver protection may include administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation to the patient to increase antioxidant capacity, MA / t / ZUZZ / UI 34 / 0 provide neuroprotection, protect the kidneys and / or protect the liver. One method according to the invention includes administering the DHM formulation to a patient. DHM can be administered to the patient at a dose of 5 mg to 150 mg DHM per kg of the patient's body weight, at a dose of 10 mg to 150 mg DHM per kg of the patient's body weight, at a dose of 50 mg to 100 mg DHM per kg of the patient's body weight, or at a dose of approximately 75 mg DHM per kg of the patient's body weight. The permeabilizer can be administered to the patient at a dose of 5 mg to 300 mg of permeabilizer per kg of patient body weight, at a dose of 10 mg to 300 mg permeabilizer per kg of patient body weight, at a dose of 20 mg to 300 mg permeabilizer per kg of patient body weight, at a dose of 10 mg to 200 mg permeabilizer per kg of patient body weight, at a dose of 20 mg to 200 mg permeabilizer per kg of patient body weight, at a dose of 40 mg to 200 mg permeabilizer per kg of patient body weight, or at a dose of 75 mg to 150 mg permeabilizer per kg of patient body weight. The permeabilizer can be allowed to permeabilize a wall of the patient's intestine, and the DHM can be allowed to diffuse into the patient's intestinal wall and into the bloodstream during DHM administration to the patient. The DHM formulation and / or pharmaceutical form can be administered orally to the patient. The DHM formulation can be administered to the patient as a capsule. The capsule can be allowed to enter the patient's stomach, where it does not dissolve or become solubilized by gastric juices. The capsule can then be allowed to pass from the stomach into the patient's intestine, where it partially or completely dissolves or becomes solubilized by intestinal fluid. The partially or completely dissolved or solubilized capsule can then be allowed to release the DHM formulation into the intestinal fluid. The permeabilizer can then be allowed to permeabilize a wall of the patient's intestine, and the DHM can be allowed to diffuse into the intestinal wall and into the patient's bloodstream during administration. Brief description of the figures Figure 1 presents the mean blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after intravenous (IV) administration of an average of 1.0 mg of DHM per kg of body weight to each rat in a rat group. DHM was administered in solution. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was not administered. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 12.5 ± 0.5 ng / mL, and the area under the curve (AUC) for DHM was 11.6 ± 4.9 ng-h / mL. Figure 2A presents the mean blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after oral administration of an average of 79.1 ± 1.3 mg of DHM per kg of body weight to each rat in a rat group. DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in non-enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (decanoate of (ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O sodium). Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 46.2 ± 4.0 ng / mL at 4.7 ± 1.8 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 313.6 ± 114.9 ng-h / mL. Figure 2B presents the mean blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after oral administration of an average of 93.9 ± 1.4 mg of DHM per kg of body weight to each rat in a rat group. DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in non-enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within the non-enteric capsules at approximately 23.5 mg per kg of body weight. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 61.3 ± 8.0 ng / mL at 2.0 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 315.5 ± 87 ng-h / mL. Figure 2C presents the mean blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after oral administration of an average of 76.5 ± 1.7 mg of DHM per kg of body weight to each rat in a rat group. DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in non-enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within the non-enteric capsules at approximately 76.5 mg per kg of body weight. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 191.8 ± 44.8 ng / mL at 0.8 ± 0.3 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 466.3 ± 99.4 ng-h / mL. Figure 2D presents the mean blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after oral administration of an average of 77.5 ± 1.7 mg of DHM per kg of body weight to each rat in a rat group. DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in non-enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within the non-enteric capsules at approximately 155 mg per kg of body weight. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 3472.0 ± 124.5 ng / mL at 0.5 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 5970.7 ± 1424.3 ng-h / mL. Figure 3A presents the mean blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after oral administration of an average of 73.1 ± 1.1 mg of DHM per kg of body weight to each rat in a rat group. DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was not administered. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 27.9 ± 1.5 ng / mL at 5.4 ± 2.6 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 167.3 ± 83.3 ng-h / mL. Figure 3B presents the mean blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after oral administration of an average of 92.6 ± 3.0 mg of DHM per kg of body weight to each rat in a group of rats. DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in MA / t / ZUZZ / UI / O solid form within non-enteric capsules at approximately 23.2 mg per kg of body weight. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 52.7 ± 3.6 ng / mL at 6.0 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 221.9 ± 44.3 ng-h / mL. Figure 3C presents the mean blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after oral administration of an average of 75.5 ± 2.0 mg of DHM per kg of body weight to each rat in a rat group. DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within non-enteric capsules at approximately 75.5 mg per kg of body weight. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 62.3 ± 4.3 ng / mL at 4.0 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 283.5 ± 20.1 ng-h / mL. Figure 3D presents the mean blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after oral administration of an average of 70.6 ± 2.7 mg of DHM per kg of body weight to each rat in a rat group. DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within non-enteric capsules at approximately 141.2 mg per kg of body weight. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 70.2 ± 6.5 ng / mL at 4.0 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 431.1 ± 101.2 ng-h / mL. Detailed description of the invention The embodiments of the invention are discussed in detail below. Specific terminology is used to describe embodiments for the sake of clarity. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology thus chosen. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other equivalent parts may be employed and other methods developed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if each had been incorporated individually. One aspect of the invention comprises a method for improving the bioavailability of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) molecule by co-administering DHM with a fatty acid and / or fatty acid salt that can act as a permeability-enhancing compound (permeabilizer). Improvements in the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of DHM may be associated with the inclusion of a fatty acid salt and / or fatty acid that acts as a permeabilizer. The product may include both DHM and the fatty acid salt and / or fatty acid. Additional compounds, such as molecules, binders, and beneficial excipients, such as polymeric excipients, may be included in the product. The final product form may include powders, granules, or tablets for use in further formulations.The formulation can be further processed into forms beyond powders, granules, and tablets for administration by various routes, whether by self-administration or administration by any means. ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O number of routes known to an expert. In some forms, the formulation may be well-suited for oral administration. For example, the product may be contained in a capsule, tablet, pill, lozenge, oblong tablet, or coated tablet. Such a capsule, tablet, pill, lozenge, oblong tablet, or coated tablet may have an enteric coating that, for example, protects the DHM and the permeabilizer from low pH conditions and / or enzymes that may be present in the stomach, mouth, or other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, so that the DHM and the permeabilizer reach the intestine in an unaltered or substantially unaltered form.The formulation may be in liquid form for oral administration, for example, as a liquid, elixir, syrup, liquid solution, suspension, beverage, or drinking product, or as a liquid concentrate or powder to be mixed with water or another liquid to form a liquid for oral administration. The formulation may also be in gel or other semisolid form. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) Dihybromyricetin (DHM), a flavonoid compound isolated from the Hovenia plant, can sober up rats intoxicated with alcohol[2], prevent predisposed rats from becoming alcoholic[2], return alcoholic rats to baseline alcohol levels[2], reduce hangover symptoms[2], and prevent fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in the offspring of rats exposed to significant amounts of alcohol during pregnancy.[2] DHM can dissolve in a solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DHM can form complexes with a metal, such as a divalent alkaline earth metal, divalent magnesium (Mg(II), Mg+2), a divalent transition metal, divalent iron (Fe(II), Fe+2), divalent copper (Cu(II), Cu+2), a trivalent transition metal, or trivalent iron (Fe(III), Fe+3). DHM has unique physical and chemical properties including low solubility, high content of the functional hydroxyl group and unknown thermal stability, which makes the processing of DHM and other flavinorins difficult under certain conditions. DHM demonstrates pharmacological properties for the successful medical treatment of alcohol use disorders (ALJD) [21-23]. Given the limited pharmacotherapies available for AUD and that these are limited by poor patient compliance, due to the adverse effects they cause, it is necessary to advance therapies for the treatment of AUD, for example, through DHM therapeutic strategies.

[24] Abemás bel potencia be DHM para el tratamiento be los AUD, que, sin límite por la teoría, puebe lograr mebinte la inhibition be la DHM bel efecto bel alcohol be los receptors GABAa (GABAaR) en cerebro, la DHM y la planta Hovenia be la que se isolatela han showrabo eficaz para mitigar los menores bel hegabo [25-27], rebucienbo los concentracións be alcohol y acetalbehibo en la sangre al Aumental la activibab be ADH y ALDH [28,29] y eliminanbo arbicales libres excesos inbucibos por el alcohol

[30] . It has been observed that DHM has oxibative activity that mitigates stress, that is, it increases the antioxidant capacity to eliminate reactive oxygen species, which can result in neuroprotective, nephroprotective (kidney-protective) and hepatoprotective effects, which can improve, for example, the effects of hypobaric hypoxia, side effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin and the effects ML / t / ZUZZ / UI 34 / 0 harmful effects of ethanol. DHM may have a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. DHM may also inhibit inflammation. DHM may also have anti-cancer activity and regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. DHM may mediate metabolism and may be useful in improving certain metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. DHM exhibits antibacterial activity (L1, H. et al., The Versatile Effects of Dihydromyricetin in Health, Evidence Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2017, Art. ID 1 053617). DHM exhibits antidepressant effects, and may be useful in treating or improving conditions or disorders such as depression, depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder (Zhang, J. et al., “Flecent Update on the Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms of Dihydromyricetin”, Front. Pharmacol., (25 Oct. 2018) https: / / doi.Org / 10.3389 / fphar.2018.01204). A DHM formulation designed to reduce the negative effects of alcohol when taken after consuming alcohol is covered under U.S. Patent 9,603,830 B2 (granted March 28, 2017) and is sold in the U.S. under the brand name Cheers®. Despite promising results in rats, a challenge to translating the efficacy of DHM to humans in a commercially viable way is its oral bioavailability of less than 5%

[31] . DHM can have poor stability. It is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) drug, limited by its low solubility and low permeability. In the context of successfully marketed drugs, DHM requires high doses for efficacy. Since DHM is a naturally occurring organic compound isolated from a herb, a DHM formulation can be classified as a food (or dietary supplement) under the Dietary Products designation. Oral co-administration of DHM with a permeability-enhancing compound (permeabilizer), such as a fatty acid salt, can improve the oral bioavailability of DHM. For example, oral co-administration of DHM with a permeabilizer can increase the maximum concentration (Cmax), increase the area under the curve (AUC), and increase the bioavailability of DHM beyond that observed with oral administration of DHM without a permeabilizer. Oral co-administration of DHM with a permeabilizer can also reduce the time after administration (Tmax) at which Cmax occurs compared to that observed with oral administration of DHM without a permeabilizer. For example, DHM can be dosed in a range of approximately 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200, 250, 300 or 400 mg per kg of body weight 200, 250, 300, 400 or 500 mg per kg of body weight. For example, DHM can be dosed in a range of approximately 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200, 250, 300 or 400 mg per kg of body weight to approximately 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200, 250, 300, 400 or 500 mg per kg of body weight. For example, this dosage can be a daily dose, a weekly dose, or an episodic dose, for example, before, during, or after alcohol consumption. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI !o Permeability enhancers A permeability enhancer or permeabiliser is a compound or mixture of compounds that enhances the permeation of a drug compound or active ingredient through the epithelial cell layer in the gastrointestinal tract (Gl) and thereby improves, for example, makes more efficient and / or effective, the amount of active ingredient, for example, dihydromyricetin (DHM), that enters the bloodstream. Permeability enhancers have been reviewed by Aungst and Whitehead [32-35]. The list of agents presented by Aungst in Table I and Whitehead in Table I is incorporated in full into this patent. An example of a permeability enhancer is a fatty acid, such as a saturated fatty acid, or a fatty acid salt, such as a saturated fatty acid salt. For example, the fatty acid can be a short-chain fatty acid. For example, the fatty acid can include 4, 5, 6, or 7 carbons. For example, the fatty acid can be a medium-chain, long-chain, or very long-chain fatty acid. For example, a fatty acid can include 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbons. The salt form (a fatty acid salt) can be a fatty acid bonded to an alkali metal, such as sodium or potassium. Examples of saturated fatty acids and their salts with their carbon number (Cn) are as follows: C4 (butyric (butanoic) acid, sodium or potassium butyrate (butanoate)); C5 (valeric (pentanoic) acid, sodium or potassium valerate (pentanoate)); C6 (caproic (hexanoic) acid, sodium or potassium caproate (hexanoate));and C7 (enanthic (heptanoic) acid, sodium or potassium enanthate (heptanoate)). Examples of saturated fatty acids and their salts with their carbon number (Cn) are as follows: C8 (caprylic (octanoic) acid, sodium or potassium caprylate (octanoate)); C9 (pelargonic (nonanoic) acid, sodium or potassium pelargonate (nonanoate)); C10 (capric (decanoic) acid, sodium or potassium caprate (decanoate)); C11 (undecyl (undecanoic) acid, sodium or potassium undecanoate); C12 (lauric (dodecanoic) acid, sodium or potassium laurate (dodecanoate)); C13 (tridecyl (tridecanoic) acid, sodium or potassium tridecanoate); C14 (myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, sodium or potassium myristate (tetradecanoate)); C15 (pentadecylic acid (pentadecanoic), sodium or potassium pentadecanoate); 016 (palmitic acid (hexadecanoic), sodium or potassium palmitate (hexadecanoate)); C17 (margaric acid (heptadecanoic, sodium or potassium heptadecanoate);C18 (stearic acid (octadecanoic acid, sodium or potassium stearate (octadecanoate)); C19 (nonadecylic acid (nonadecanoic acid, sodium or potassium nonadecanoate); and C20 (arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), sodium or potassium arachidate (icosanoate)). For example, a saturated fatty acid is capric acid. Examples of saturated fatty acid salts are sodium caprate (sodium decanoate, CH3(CH2)8COO Na+) and potassium caprate (potassium decanoate, CH3(CH2)8COO K+). A permeabiliser can be an unsaturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid salt. A permeabiliser can be a branched fatty acid or a branched fatty acid salt. A permeabiliser can be an unbranched (linear) fatty acid, such as an unbranched (linear) saturated fatty acid or a fatty acid salt. unbranched (linear), such as a salt of unbranched (linear) saturated fatty acid.; For example, a fatty acid or saturated fatty acid may be free in a formulation. Alternatively, a fatty acid or saturated fatty acid may be bound to glycerol in a triglyceride. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI U4 !o For example, a triglyceride can be a short-chain triglyceride. For example, a triglyceride can be a medium-chain, long-chain, or very long-chain triglyceride. For example, any of the fatty acids attached to a specific triglyceride can be a short-chain, medium-chain, long-chain, and / or very long-chain fatty acid, and any of the attached fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated and can be branched or unbranched (linear). For example, three medium-chain fatty acids can be attached to glycerol in a triglyceride. For example, three medium-chain saturated fatty acids can be attached to glycerol in a triglyceride. For example, decanoic acid (capric acid) can be attached to glycerol in a triglyceride. For example, three groups of decanoic acid (capric acid) can be attached to glycerol in a triglyceride. For example, fatty acids and / or fatty acid salts may be present in a medium-chain triglyceride formulation, such as a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) formulation derived from coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, or durian extract; the MCT formulation may be combined with DHM in a DHM formulation. For example, fatty acids, fatty acid salts, and / or triglycerides may be present in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, or durian extract; coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, or durian extract may be combined with DHM in a DHM formulation. For example, fatty acids, fatty acid salts, and / or triglycerides may be present in a coconut product, such as coconut milk, coconut cream, or coconut butter; the coconut product may be combined with DHM in a DHM formulation. In a formulation, the mass ratio of permeabilizer (such as sodium caprate) to DHM (permeabilizer : DHM) can vary from approximately 1:100, 1:80, 1:60, 1:50, 1:40, 1:30, 1:25, 1:20, 1:15, 1:12, 1:10, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2. 5, 1:2, 1:1.67, 1:1.5, 1:1.33, 1:1.2, 1:1.1, 1:1, 1.1:1, 1.2:1, 1.33:1, 1.5:1, 1.67:1, 2:1, 2. 5:1,3:1,4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1,8:1, 10:1, 12:1, 15:1,20:1,25:1, 30:1,40:1, 50:1, 60:1 or 80:1 to approximately 1:80, 1:60, 1:50, 1:40, 1:30, 1:25, 1:20, 1:15, 1:12, 1:10, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2. 5, 1:2, 1:1:67, 1:1:5, 1:1:33, 1:1:2, 1:1:1, 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:33:1, 1:5:1, 1:67:1,2:1,2:5:1, 3:1,4:1,5:1,6:1,7:1,8:1, 10:1, 12:1, 15:1,20:1,25:1,30:1,40:1,50:1,60:1,80:1 or 100:1. For example, the permeabilizer can be included with the DHM in the dosage form, such that the permeabilizer is dosed in a range of approximately 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000 or 1500 mg per kg of body weight to approximately 0.2, 0.5, 1.5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1500, or 2000 mg per kg of body weight. For example, this dosage can be a daily dose, a weekly dose, or an episodic dose, for example, before, during, or after alcohol consumption. Excipients and matrix materials Excipients and matrix materials are defined as materials that aid in the formulation characteristics, stability, and / or release of the active molecule of DHM. For example, homopolymers, copolymers, and amphiphilic copolymers can be used as excipients. Excipients can be blended or otherwise physically mixed with DHM. A solid dispersion can also be prepared that MA / t / ZUZZ / UI !o comprises DHM dispersed in a matrix material, with the remaining amount of DHM remaining substantially crystalline or substantially amorphous in nature. The matrix material may constitute from 0.1 wt% to 99 wt% of the combined mass of the active agent(s) and excipients by weight of the final solid form. Where it is desirable that the matrix material prevent the aggregation of the active domains into larger aggregates, the matrix material may constitute more than 20% or more than 40% of the combined mass of the active agent(s) and matrix material. For example, the matrix material may constitute from 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98 or 99% by weight up to 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98, 99 or more than 99% by weight of the combined mass of the active agent(s) and excipients by weight of the final solid form.For example, DHM and a permeabiliser can be dispersed in a matrix material through a hot-melt extrusion process. Alternatively, DHM and a permeabiliser can be dispersed in a matrix material through a spray-drying process (to form a spray-dried dispersion powder (SDD)). The DHM and / or permeabiliser can be molecularly dispersed in the matrix material. The DHM can be amorphous in the matrix material. Exemplary excipients and matrix materials include low-melting-point waxes such as carnauba wax, cellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and its copolymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate (PVP-VA), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), various grades of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO), cellulose esters, cellulose acrylates, cellulose derivatives, polymethacrylate, polymethacrylate derivatives, polyoxypropylene block copolymers (also called poloxamers), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), HPMC derivatives, polylactic acid (PLA), poly(glycolide) (PGA), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), starch, starch derivatives, sugars, alcohols sugar, waxes, leucine, lipids, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose salts, hydroxyethylcellulose, methacrylic acid copolymers,poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and ethylene glycol-vinyl glycol copolymer., For example, an excipient and matrix material may be a poly(vinyl acetate-vinyl caprolactam-ethylene oxide), such as a polyethylene oxide polymer grafted with poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl caprolactam) (Soluplus®). Examples of excipients and matrix materials include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oils, polycaprolactam, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate succinate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), cellulose acetate trimellitate (CAT), methylcellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate terephthalate, cellulose acetate isophthalate, carboxymethyl ethylcellulose (CMEC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate phthalate (HPMCAP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate trimellitate (HPMCAT), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose propionate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate (CAS), acetate succinate of methylcellulose (MCAS), poly(methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate) 1:1 (for example,Eudragit® L100, Evonik Industries AG), poly(acid, MA / t / ZUZZ / UI !o methacrylic-methyl methacrylate) 1 :2 (for example, Eudragit® S100), poly(methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate) 1 :1 (for example.Eudragit® L100-55), a polyol, a polyether, a cellulosic polymer, sugars and sugar alcohols, for example, fructose, glucose, lactose, mannitol, trehalose, sucrose, raffinose, maltitol, lactitol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, xylose, acorbose, melezitose, galactose, melibrose and isosomaltose, natural sugar extracts, for example, beet malt sugar, corn sugar, high fructose corn sugar, sugar oligomers, such as polydextrose and dextrans with molecular weights of less than 10,000 Daltons, polyols such as glycerol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol and other oligomers, low molecular weight oligomers, such as low molecular weight polyethylene glycol and low molecular weight poly(methyl methacrylate), ethoxylated castor oil, hydrogenated polyoxyl castor oil, hydrogenated polyoxyl 40 castor oil, polymeric derivatives of vitamin E, polyethoxylated sorbitan and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. Excipients and matrix materials may include amphiphilic block copolymers, for example, polystyrene-polyethylene glycol block (PS-b-PEG), polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol block (PLA-b-PEG), and poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol block (PLGA-b-PEG). Examples of excipients and matrix materials include derivatives of the above, copolymers of the above, and combinations of the above. In one embodiment, the matrix material includes components with a molecular weight of less than 1,000,000 Daltons (Da), less than 100,000 Daltons, less than 10,000 Daltons, less than 5000 Daltons, or less than 2000 Daltons. The matrix material may include a polymer. A polymer is made up of several monomer units linked together. For example, a polymer can be a linear polymer, a branched polymer, or a cyclic polymer. In a cyclic polymer, a set of monomers may be linked together to form a ring. In a non-cyclic polymer, there is no set of monomers linked together to form a ring (although atoms within a specific monomer unit of the polymer may still be in a ring structure, for example, a cyclopentyl, furan, furanose, cyclohexyl, pyran, pyranose, benzene, or saccharide structure). For example, cyclodextrin is a cyclic polysaccharide. In contrast, cellulose is a linear polysaccharide made up of several hundred to many thousands of D-glucose monomers. Gum arabic includes arabinogalactan, which is made up of arabinose and galactose monomers. Certain polymeric excipients and matrix materials marketed under trade names by manufacturers may include the following: BASF: Povidones, copovidones, methacrylic acid copolymers, ethylene glycol vinyl glycol copolymers, Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oils, and polymeric derivatives of vitamin E marketed by BASF under the trade names SOLUPLUS, KOLLIDON VA 64, KOLLIDON 12 PF, KOLLIDON 17 PF, KOLLIDON 30, KOLLIDON 90 F, KOLLIDON SR, KOLLICOAT MAE 100P, KOLLICOAT IR, KOLLICOAT PROTECT, KOLLIPHOR P 407, KOLLIPHOR P407 MICRO, KOLLIPHOR P188, KOLLIPHOR P188 MICRO, KOLLISOLV PEG, KOLLIPHOR RH 40, KOLLIPHOR TPGS. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI »4 / 0 The Dow Chemical Company: Polymers with trade names METHOCEL, ETHOCEL, POLYOX and AFFINISOL marketed by The Dow Chemical Company. Evonik Corporation: Polymers with trade names EUDRAGIT (methacrylates) and RESOMER, marketed by Evonik Corporation. Ashland: Polymers with brand names AquaSolve hypromellose acetate succinate, Aqualon ethylcellulose, Aqualon sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Aquarius control film coating systems, Aquarius priming film coating systems, Aquarius protective film coating systems, Aquarius film coating systems, Aquarius preferred film coating systems, Benecel methylcellulose and hypromellose, Blanose sodium carboxymethylcellulose, CAVAMAX native cyclodextrins, Cavitron cyclodextrin, CAVASOL cyclodextrin, Klucel hydroxypropylcellulose, Natrosol hydroxyethylcellulose, Pharmasolve N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, Plasdone S-630 copovidone, Plasdone povidone and Polyplasdone crospovidone (crosslinked polyvinyl N-pyrrolidone) marketed by Ashland Global Holdings Inc. The above material lists are not intended to indicate that all of these materials are equivalent and / or equally suitable. The polymer matrix material may have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C, 100 °C, 110 °C, 115 °C, 120 °C, 125 °C, 130 °C, 150 °C, 175 °C, 200 °C, or 250 °C. For example, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 120 °C. For example, polyethylene oxide polymer grafted with poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl caprolactam) (Soluplus®) has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of approximately 70 °C. The polymer matrix material can be selected to adjust the release profile of the formulation, for example, to adjust the rate and duration of time that the formulation releases an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), such as DHM. In one embodiment, polymers, such as one or more of those listed above, can also be incorporated as enteric coatings that cover a capsule, tablet, or other final solid form of a DHM formulation and provide additional stability or sustained-release benefits. For example, including an enteric coating in the formulation can alter the formulation's release profile; for instance, it can alter the rate and duration of time that the formulation releases an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), such as DHM. For example, the enteric coating could be a methacrylate copolymer coating. Administration The formulations resulting from embodiments of the invention are useful and suitable for administration to animals and humans and can be administered by, for example, oral administration. Such methods of administration and others contemplated within the scope of the invention are known to the experts. The in vivo stability of the present formulation may vary according to the physiological environment to which it is exposed and the matrix material and excipients. Therefore, the need for or frequency of MA / t / ZUZZ / UI !o the readmission may be different for various formulations. A formulation of an embodiment of the invention can be provided in a variety of forms, for example, as a powder, suspension, gelatin capsule, capsule, tablet, pill, lozenge, oblong tablet, or dragee. Additional components can be added to the formulation before forming it into its final form. In solid pharmaceutical forms, the compounds can be combined with conventional vehicles, for example, one or more of the following: binders, such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin; disintegrating agents, such as corn starch, guar gum, potato starch or alginic acid; lubricants, such as stearic acid or magnesium stearate; and inert fillers, such as lactose, sucrose or corn starch. It is envisaged that either one or a combination of rapid-acting, sustained-release, controlled-release, and / or slow-release pharmaceutical forms may be used in an embodiment of the invention. This may be desirable if the desired outcome is continuous exposure of an animal or human to the active ingredient(s) (e.g., DHM). Polymers and formulations useful in this case may include cellulosic polymers derived from the type described in The Dow Chemical Company Technical Bulletin “Using Dow Excipients for Controlled Release of Drugs in Hydrophilic Matrix Systems, 2006” and marketed under the brand name METHOCEL (methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymers).The course and duration of administration and dosage requirements for the formulation of a modality of the invention will vary according to the animal or human being treated, the formulation used, the method of administration used, the severity of the condition being treated, the co-administration of other drugs and / or active ingredients, and other factors. Increased bioavailability can be achieved by adjusting the interactions between the active ingredient (e.g., DHM) and a matrix. For example, the active ingredient (e.g., DHM) can be substantially soluble in a molten polymer phase of a matrix, which may include one or more excipient(s), such that upon cooling and solidification, substantial crystallization of the active ingredient is prevented. Alternatively, DHM can be dissolved together with an excipient in a suitable solvent, and the solution can be rapidly dried and solidified (e.g., by spray drying) to yield a solid dispersion, thus preventing substantial crystallization of the active ingredient.Capturing the active ingredient (e.g., DHM) in an amorphous state or one not associated with a crystalline form (which may be a high-energy state) can result in a higher level of dissolution or a level of supersaturation when dissolved in vitro or in vivo. Thermodynamic reasons for this increase in solubility have been discussed by Hu, Johnson, and Williams

[36] . Commercially available pure DHM can be totally (100%) or almost totally crystalline. The crystallinity of the DHM in the formulation can be analyzed qualitatively or quantitatively using techniques such as polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DCS), and powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD). The DHM in the formulation may have a crystallinity of at least 99%, 98%, 95%, 90%, 80%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 7%, 5%, 3%, 2%, or 1%. The DHM may be substantially amorphous. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI / O The formulation of one embodiment of the invention may be in liquid form for oral administration, for example, as a liquid, elixir, syrup, liquid solution, suspension, beverage, or drinking product, or as a liquid concentrate or powder to be mixed with water or another liquid to form a liquid for oral administration. The formulation may also be in gel or other semisolid form. Capsules and gelatin capsules A gelatin capsule is a soft-shelled capsule that allows for the efficient encapsulation and delivery of formulations containing an active ingredient, such as DHM, along with other ingredients, such as a fatty acid permeabilizer. A gelatin capsule may also be referred to as a "soft gelatin capsule," "softgel capsule," "gel capsule," or "gelcap." Gelatin capsules can be easier to swallow, avoid the handling problems associated with powders, and offer increased stability compared to other dosage forms. Gelatin capsules can be filled with a liquid. Soft gelatin capsules provide an exemplary route for encapsulating and administering formulations containing a DHM and a permeabiliser. Gelatin capsules can be produced from animal-derived sources (e.g., gelatin), algal sources, plant-derived sources (e.g., hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC)), or synthetic sources (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)). Additional examples of materials for producing gelatin capsules include polysaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, carrageenan, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, starch, starch derivatives, pullulan, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) copolymer.For example, a capsule or gelatin capsule may be made of or include material of algal origin; that is, the material from which the capsule wall is formed may be made of or include material of algal origin or derived from an algal material. These and combinations of these and other materials may be used to form a gelatin capsule (or capsule). Gelatin capsules may be filled with an oil containing DHM and an emulsifier (surfactant) and / or other excipients. Gelatin capsules may be filled with a liquid or gelatin containing DHM. Gelatin capsules may be filled with a solid, for example, a powder, containing DHM. The material from which the gelatin capsule or capsule is made may be selected to be insoluble or soluble at a low pH (e.g., pH of at most (i.e., less than or equal to) 4.8, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3.2, 3, 2.7, 2.5, 2.3, 2, 1.8, 1.5, or 1), as found in the acidic environment of the stomach. The material from which the gelatin capsule or capsule is made may also be selected to be soluble at a near-neutral, neutral, or more than neutral (alkaline) pH, for example, pH of at least (i.e., greater than or equal to) 5, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 6, 6.2, 6.5, 6.7, 7, 7.2, or 7.5, as found in the intestine. The material from which the gelatin capsule or capsule is made can be selected to not dissolve or to solubilize in hydrophobic, lipophilic and / or non-polar liquids, such as an oil.The material from which the gelatin capsule or capsule is made can be selected to dissolve or solubilize in hydrophilic and / or polar liquids, such as water or an aqueous solution. The material from which the gelatin capsule or capsule is made can be selected to alter or control the... ML / t / ZUZZ / UI »4 / 0 dissolution or solubilization of the gelatin capsule or capsule, for example, to alter the rate and duration of time during which the gelatin capsule or capsule dissolves or solubilizes to release its contents, for example, a pre-emulsion composition including an active ingredient (for example, DHM). Enteric coating Enteric coatings can be polymers, such as cellulosic compounds, that are applied to the outside of a solid pharmaceutical form such as a capsule, gelatin capsule, tablet, pill, oblong tablet or dragee and provide an additional barrier to modify the release characteristics of the contents within them. Examples of enteric polymers used in container coatings include shellac, cellulose acetate trimellitate (CAT), various hydroxypropylcellulose polymers (i.e., HPMC, HPMCP, HPMCAS), and phthalates such as cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP). There are advantages and disadvantages to each polymer. Shellac, a natural product derived from an insect secretion, can be subject to inconsistent supply and unacceptable quality variations. Cellulose acetate trimellitate may require the potentially undesirable addition of ammonium hydroxide (Wu et al., U.S. Patent 5851579). Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) polymers can be unstable after longer-term storage, particularly under high humidity conditions.Additional examples of polymers used to achieve enteric properties in container coatings include anionic polymethacrylates (copolymers of methacrylic acid and either methyl methacrylate or ethyl acrylate) (EUDRAGIT®) such as EUDRAGIT® L 30 D-55 (methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, NF) which is soluble at a pH above approximately 5.5.

[44] . The material of which the enteric coating is made may be selected to be insoluble or soluble at a low pH (e.g., pH of at most (i.e., less than or equal to) 4.8, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3.2, 3, 2.7, 2.5, 2.3, 2, 1.8, 1.5, or 1), as found in the acidic environment of the stomach. The material of which the enteric coating is made may also be selected to be soluble at a near-neutral, neutral, or more than neutral (alkaline) pH, for example, pH of at least (i.e., greater than or equal to) 5, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 6, 6.2, 6.5, 6.7, 7, 7.2, or 7.5, as found in the intestine. The material from which the enteric coating is formed can be selected to not dissolve or to solubilize in hydrophobic, lipophilic and / or non-polar liquids, such as an oil.The material of which the enteric coating of a gelatin capsule or capsule is formed may be selected to dissolve or solubilize in hydrophilic and / or polar liquids, such as water or an aqueous solution. The material of which the enteric coating is formed may be selected to alter or control the dissolution or solubilization of a gelatin capsule or capsule it covers, for example, to alter the rate and duration of time during which the gelatin capsule or capsule dissolves or solubilizes to release its contents, for example, a pre-emulsion composition including an active ingredient (e.g., DHM). MA / t / ZUZZ / UI »4 / 0 Liquid pharmaceutical form Dihydromyricetin (DHM) and a permeabiliser may be formulated in a liquid dosage form for oral administration, such as a liquid, elixir, syrup, liquid solution, suspension, beverage, or drinkable product, or as a liquid concentrate or powder to be mixed with water or another liquid to form a liquid for oral administration. The liquid dosage form may be an aqueous liquid. DHM may be dissolved, emulsified, dispersed as a suspension, and / or dispersed as a colloid in the aqueous liquid. DHM may be dissolved in water up to its solubility limit. A higher concentration of DHM may be incorporated into an aqueous liquid by also including a co-solvent, surfactant, or emulsifier. Examples of co-solvents include glycerol, propylene glycol, sugar alcohols (e.g., sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, xylitol, lactitol, maltitol, etc.), and ethanol.Surfactants and emulsifiers that can be used include those of plant origin or derived from plants, such as carrageenan, guar gum, xanthan gum, lecithin, lactylates, and sodium stearoyl-2-lactate; those of animal origin or derived from animals; and those that are synthetically or semi-synthetically produced, such as polysorbates (e.g., Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80, etc.), sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20), and sorbitan tristearate (Span 65). DHM can also be dispersed in the aqueous liquid as a suspension or colloid, and surfactants, emulsifiers, and polymers can be used to stabilize the suspension or colloid. Examples of polymers that can stabilize the suspension or colloid include, without limitation, pol i (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and pol i (vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA).Examples of polymers that can stabilize a suspension or colloid include, but are not limited to, a cellulosic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A biocompatible, water-soluble polymer can also stabilize the suspension or colloid. A cyclodextrin (e.g., beta-cyclodextrin) can promote the solubility of DHM, for example, by increasing the amount of DHM that can be dissolved in a specific volume of aqueous liquid. A permeabiliser, such as a fatty acid, fatty acid salt, or triglyceride, can act as a co-solvent or surfactant. The concentration of DHM in the liquid pharmaceutical form may be, for example, at least 0.001% by weight of DHM, 0.002% by weight of DHM, 0.005% by weight of DHM, 0.01% by weight of DHM, 0.02% by weight of DHM, 0.04% by weight of DHM, at least 0.07% by weight of DHM, at least 0.1% by weight of DHM, at least 0.14% by weight of DHM, at least 0.2% by weight of DHM, at least 0.4% by weight of DHM, at least 1% by weight of DHM, at least 2% by weight of DHM, at least 3% by weight of DHM, at least 4% by weight of DHM, at least 5% by weight of DHM, at least 6% by weight of DHM, at least 7% by weight of DHM, or at least 8% by weight of DHM. Cysteine ​​(e.g., L-cysteine) may be included in the liquid dosage form. For example, L-cysteine ​​may reduce acetaldehyde concentrations in the intestines. The concentration of cysteine ​​in the liquid dosage form may be, for example, at least 0.01% by weight of cysteine, 0.02% by weight of cysteine, at least 0.05% by weight of cysteine, at least 0.1% by weight of cysteine, at least 0.2% by weight of cysteine, at least 0.3% by weight of cysteine, at least 0.5% by weight of cysteine, or at least 1% by weight of cysteine. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI 34 / 0 Carbon dioxide (CO2) may be included in the liquid dosage form (“carbonation”). For example, carbon dioxide may be introduced into the liquid dosage form at a concentration greater than the solubility limit of carbon dioxide in the liquid dosage form at the temperature (e.g., 25°C or less) and pressure (e.g., 1 atmosphere) at which the liquid dosage form is to be consumed or ingested, such that the liquid dosage form is effervescent (carbon dioxide bubbles form) when consumed or ingested. Such carbonation may increase the rate at which the DHM and permeabilizer pass from the stomach into the small intestine, resulting in an increased rate at which the DHM enters the bloodstream. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the liquid dosage form may be, for example, at least 0.1 wt% carbon dioxide, at least 0.3 wt%, or at least 0.5% by weight of carbon dioxide, at least 0.8% by weight of carbon dioxide or at least 1.5% by weight of carbon dioxide. Other compounds and substances that may be included in the liquid pharmaceutical form include, for example, prickly pear cactus fruit, milk thistle, flavoring agents (natural and artificial), sweeteners such as natural sugars, for example, glucose, fructose, and sucrose, sugar alcohols, for example, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, xylitol, lactitol, and maltitol, and artificial sweeteners, for example, aspartame, acidifying agents, for example, citric acid, electrolytes, for example, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, and potassium chloride, to have an oral rehydration role, and vitamins, for example, one or more B vitamins (vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide, and / or nicotinamide riboside), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and / or pyridoxamine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin Bg (folate) and / or vitamin B12 (cobalamin, cyanocobalamin and / or methylcobalamin)),vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols). The pH of the liquid dosage form can be adjusted to a desired amount, for example, by adding acidic agents such as citric acid. For example, the pH of the liquid dosage form can be adjusted to a maximum of 7 (less than or equal to 7), a maximum of 6 (less than or equal to 6), a maximum of 5 (less than or equal to 5), a maximum of 4 (less than or equal to 4), a maximum of 3 (less than or equal to 3), or a maximum of 2 (less than or equal to 2). A compound or substance in a liquid dosage form can serve more than one function. For example, glycerol can function as a co-solvent as well as a sweetener. For example, carbon dioxide can function as an agent to increase the rate of absorption (from the time of ingestion or consumption of the liquid dosage form) into the bloodstream, improve the taste experience for the patient or consumer, and lower the pH of the liquid dosage form. For example, a fatty acid or fatty acid salt, such as capric acid or sodium caprate, can function as a permeabiliser and as a surfactant. For example, sodium citrate can function to promote oral rehydration, adjust flavor (acidity), and as a surfactant. For example, a liquid pharmaceutical form may include the following in water: at least 0.14% by weight of dihydromyricetin (DHM); ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O at least 0.3% by weight of capric acid; 0.06% by weight of L-cysteine; and (optionally) 0.6% by weight of carbon dioxide. Dissolution / kinetic studies In one form, DHM in the form for administration, for example, a powder, suspension, gelatin capsule, caplet, tablet, pill, oblong tablet, or dragee, does not dissolve in and / or is not solubilized by an aqueous solution having a pH of maximum (i.e., less than or equal to) 4.8, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3.2, 3, 2.7, 2.5, 2.3, 2, 1.8, 1.5, or 1. Chyme expelled from the stomach, through the pyloric valve, has a pH of approximately 2. Gastric juices cause the material in the stomach to have a pH in the range of 1.5 to 3.5, and this low pH in the stomach and the enzymes active in the stomach at this low pH can result in the degradation of DHM and the inactivation of DHM activity. In one formulation, DHM in the form for administration is dissolved in and / or solubilized by water (pH 7) and / or an aqueous solution having a pH of at least (i.e., greater than or equal to) 5, 5.3, 5.5, 5.8, 6, 6.2, 6.5, 6.7, 7, 7.2, or 7.5. Bile acids released in the duodenum and / or pancreatic secretions of sodium bicarbonate increase the pH of the chyme. For example, the pH of the chyme and material in the intestine may be in the range of 5.5 to 7. Dissolution and / or solubilization of DHM in the spray-dried dispersion powder in the intestine, for example, the small intestine, may result in the DHM being absorbed through the intestinal wall, for example, the wall of the small intestine, and into the bloodstream. For example, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) is insoluble in an aqueous solution with an acidic (low) pH, but is soluble in an aqueous solution with a neutral or alkaline (high) pH. Therefore, a dosage form containing HPMCAS and DHM may retain the DHM at an acidic (low) pH, for example, a pH of 3.5 or less, but release the DHM at a neutral or alkaline (high) pH, for example, a pH of 7 or more. A pH buffering agent may be included in such a form of administration. The inclusion of an acidic component in such a dosage form, such as an acidic pH buffer (i.e., a buffer that maintains an acidic pH, a pH of less than 7), e.g. citric acid or a citrate salt (e.g. sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium citrate and / or combinations), can stabilize an aqueous solution formed with the dosage form, so that the DHM is not released into the aqueous solution or the release of the DHM into the aqueous solution is delayed. The polymer matrix material can be selected to be moderately soluble (e.g., from 0.01 g / 100 mL to 3 g / 100 mL, or from 0.1 g / 100 mL to 1 g / 100 mL) in water. Moderate water solubility allows the polymer matrix material to dissolve in an organism's body and release the DHM. The dissolution and release kinetics of DHM are studied under different conditions; three MA / t / ZUZZ / UI U4 / O protocols are described below.

[37] In vitro release kinetics: Simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF (simulated gastric fluid in the fasting state)) and intestinal fluids (FaSSIF (simulated intestinal fluid in the fasting state) and FeSSIF (simulated intestinal fluid in the postprandial state)) were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Each formulation was evaluated in triplicate using a release medium exchange assay. In addition, dissolution tests were also performed with the DHM-containing dosage form using appropriate controls. Release under gastric conditions: DHM-containing powder samples are suspended in preheated FaSSGF (37 °C) to achieve an active ingredient concentration of ~75 pg / mL by vigorously pipetting up and down several times. Samples are incubated at 37 °C (NesLab RTE-111 circulating bath, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) for 30 min without agitation to simulate physiological gastric conditions and gastric transition time. Aliquots are taken at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min. To analyze the free DHM concentration, each aliquot is centrifuged at 28,000 g for 5 min to pelletize suspended particles. The supernatant is further diluted with FaSSGF to be within the calibration range, and the DHM concentration is determined using a UV-Vis spectrometer at 290 nm. Release under intestinal conditions: DHM-containing powder samples are suspended in preheated FaSSIF or FeSSIF (37 °C) to achieve an active ingredient concentration approximately 10 times the equilibrium solubility of DHM in the respective medium (previously determined) by vigorously pipetting up and down several times. Samples are incubated at 37 °C (NesLab RTE-111 circulating bath, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) without agitation to simulate physiological gastric conditions. Aliquots are taken at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 360 min. To analyze the free DHM concentration, each aliquot is centrifuged at 28,000 g for 5 min to pelletize suspended particles. The supernatant is removed, frozen, and lyophilized to isolate the dissolved solids.Each sample is reconstituted with an organic solvent, diluted as needed to be within the calibration range, and analyzed by HPLC with UV-Vis detection at 290 nm. The DHM concentration is calculated based on a calibration curve. For example, the dissolution kinetics of DHM in one administration form in one embodiment of the invention in in vitro dissolution tests in a simulated fasting fluid can increase by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 100%, 250% after 15 minutes with respect to that of pure DHM. For example, the dissolution kinetics of DHM in one delivery form in one embodiment of the invention in in vitro dissolution tests in a simulated fed fluid can increase by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 100%, 250% after 15 minutes with respect to that of pure DHM. For example, the dissolution kinetics of DHM in one administration form in one embodiment of the invention in in vitro dissolution tests in a simulated fasting fluid can increase by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 100%, 250% after 30 minutes MA / IZ / ZUZZ / υΊ with respect to that of the pure DHM. For example, the dissolution kinetics of DHM in one delivery form in one embodiment of the invention in in vitro dissolution tests in simulated fed fluid can be increased by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 100%, 250% after 30 minutes with respect to that of pure DHM. MA / IZ / ZUZZ / υΊ 34 / 0 Animal pharmacokinetic (PK) studies Dihydromyricetin (DHM) can be administered to an animal (e.g., a rat or mouse), for example, as DHM dissolved in water, saline solution, or another liquid, or as a crystalline, semicrystalline, or amorphous powder. DHM can be administered intravenously or orally, for example, as a forced feed or in capsule, tablet, caplet, pill, lozenge, oblong tablet, or coated tablet form, or in liquid form. Orally administered DHM can be given with a fatty acid salt or fatty acid that can act as a permeabilizer. A pharmacokinetic study can be conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics in animals. Blood samples can be taken from the animal at predetermined time intervals following DHM administration.The plasma (blood) concentration of DHM in a sample can be determined, for example, using a Waters Acquity ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system equipped with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry system (Waters, Milford, MA), according to a previous report

[38] , or an equivalent or alternative analytical system. For example, the blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) after oral administration with a permeabiliser to a human or animal may be as follows. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM in the blood may be in the range of approximately 1.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1500. 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 5000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000 or 15000 ng / mL at approximately 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 5000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000, 15000 or 20000 ng / mL. The time (Tmax) from administration to the maximum concentration of DHM in the blood may be in the range of approximately 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 or 55 minutes (min) or 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 or 15 hours (h) to approximately 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 or 55 minutes (min) or 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15 or 20 hours (h).The area under the curve (AUC) of DHM in the blood can be in the range of approximately 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 10000, 12000, 15000, 20000 or 25000 ng-h / mL to approximately 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 10000, 12000, 15000, 20000, 25000 or 30000 ng-h / mL. The bioavailability of (Fabs) of DHM in the blood can be defined as ^gg^^^oral / ^oral AUC[y / D¡y where AUCorai and Doral indicate the AUC and dosage for a specific oral administration, and. AUCiv and Div indicate the AUC and dosage for intravenous (IV) administration, for example, an intravenous administration of 1 mg DHM per kg of body weight. The bioavailability (Fabs) of DHM in the blood can be approximately 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500, 2000 or 2500 to approximately 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500, 2000, 2500 or 3000. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI / O Experimental examples Example 1: Pharmacokinetic (PK) data for intravenous (IV) administration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) An average of 1.0 mg of dihydromyricetin (DHM) per kg of body weight was administered intravenously to each rat in a group of three (3) Sprague-Dawley rats. The DHM was administered in 0.9% saline solution. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate, Na caprate) was not administered. A blood sample was taken from each rat at predetermined time points and analyzed by LC-MS / MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). Figure 1 presents the average blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after administration. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 12.5 ± 0.5 ng / mL and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 11.6 ± 4.9 ng-h / mL. The results for this pharmaceutical form and quantity are provided in Table 1 below.This AUC result based on this intravenous dosage was used in the bioavailability calculations discussed in Examples 2 and 3 and is summarized in Table 1 below. Example 2: Pharmacokinetic (PK) data of oral administration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in non-enteric capsules An average of 79.1 ± 1.3 mg of dihydromyricetin (DHM) per kg of body weight was administered orally to each rat in a group of three (3) Sprague-Dawley rats. The DHM was administered in a substantially (or entirely) crystalline form in non-enteric capsules (hard gelatin, size 9 Torpac capsules). Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was not administered; that is, the mass ratio of sodium caprate to DHM was 0:1. A blood sample was taken from each rat at predetermined time points and analyzed by LC-MS / MS. Figure 2A presents the average blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after administration. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 46.2 ± 4.0 ng / mL at a time after administration (Tmax) of 4.7 ± 1.8 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 313.6 ± 114.9 ng-h / mL. Bioavailability (Fabs) was calculated as ^gg^^^oral / ^oral AUC[y / D¡y where AUCorai and Doral indicate the AUC and dosage for a specific oral administration, and. AUCiv and Div indicate the AUC and dosage for intravenous (IV) administration as established in Example 1 above. For the oral administration described herein and shown in Figure 2A, the bioavailability (Fabs) was 34.1 ± 12.7. The results for this dosage form and quantity are summarized in Table 1 below. An average of 93.9 ± 1.4 mg of dihydromyricetin (DHM) per kg of body weight was administered orally to each rat in a group of three (3) Sprague-Dawley rats. The DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in non-enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within the non-enteric capsules at approximately 23.5 mg per kg of body weight; that is, the mass ratio of sodium caprate to DHM was 1:4. Figure 2B presents the average blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after administration. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 61.3 ± 8.0 ng / mL at a time after administration (Tmax) of 2.0 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 315.5 ± 87 ng-h / mL.For the oral administration described herein and shown in Figure 2B, the bioavailability (Fabs) was 28.8 ± 7.8. The results for this pharmaceutical form and quantity are summarized in Table 1 below. An average of 76.5 ± 1.7 mg of dihydromyricetin (DHM) per kg of body weight was administered orally to each rat in a group of three (3) Sprague-Dawley rats. The DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in non-enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within the non-enteric capsules at approximately 76.5 mg per kg of body weight; that is, the mass ratio of sodium caprate to DHM was 1:1. Figure 2C presents the average blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after administration. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 191.8 ± 44.8 ng / mL at a time after administration (Tmax) of 0.8 ± 0.3 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 466.3 ± 99.4 ng-h / mL.For the oral administration described herein and shown in Figure 2C, the bioavailability (Fabs) was 52.8 ± 12.3. The results for this pharmaceutical form and quantity are summarized in Table 1 below. An average of 77.5 ± 1.7 mg of dihydromyricetin (DHM) per kg of body weight was administered orally to each rat in a group of three (3) Sprague-Dawley rats. The DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in non-enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within the non-enteric capsules at approximately 155 mg per kg of body weight; that is, the mass ratio of sodium caprate to DHM was 2:1. Figure 2D presents the average blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after administration. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 3472.0 ± 124.5 ng / mL at a time after administration (Tmax) of 0.5 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 5970.7 ± 1424.3 ng-h / mL.For the oral administration described herein and shown in the figure. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI 34 / 0 2D, the bioavailability (Fabs) was 662.2 ± 157.9. The results for this pharmaceutical form and quantity are summarized in Table 1 below. A comparison of Figures 2A to 2D and the Cmax and AUC data shown in Table 1 indicates that as the amount of sodium caprate administered increased for a constant amount of DHM, Cmax and AUC increased, suggesting that sodium caprate acted as a permeabiliser, facilitating the absorption of DHM into the bloodstream. Bioavailability increased as the amount of caprate increased for sodium caprate:DHM mass ratios of 1:4, 1:1, and 2:1 (a constant amount of DHM was administered). There was a large increase in Cmax and AUC when the amount of sodium caprate increased from 76.5 mg per kg of rat body weight, a sodium caprate:DHM ratio of 1:1 (Fig. 2C), to 155 mg per kg of rat body weight, a sodium caprate:DHM ratio of 2:1 (Fig. 2D).Tmax decreased as the amount of sodium caprate administered increased (a constant amount of DHM was administered), consistent with the fact that sodium caprate functioned as a permeabilizer. MA / t / ZUZZ / UI »4 / 0 Example 3: Pharmacokinetic (PK) data for oral administration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in enteric capsules An average of 73.1 ± 1.1 mg of dihydromyricetin (DHM) per kg of body weight was administered orally to each rat in a group of three (3) Sprague-Dawley rats. The DHM was administered in a substantially (or entirely) crystalline form in enteric capsules (hard gelatin, size 9 Torpac capsules coated with Eudragit L100-55 (a poly(methacylic acid-ethyl acrylate) copolymer that dissolves above a pH of 5.5)). Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was not administered; that is, the mass ratio of sodium caprate to DHM was 0:1. A blood sample was taken from each rat at predetermined time points and analyzed by LC-MS / MS. Figure 3A presents the average blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after administration. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group.The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 27.9 ± 1.5 ng / mL at a time after administration (Tmax) of 5.4 ± 2.6 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 167.3 ± 83.3 ng-h / mL. Bioavailability (Fabs) was calculated as p , =1abs. AUCoral / DOral AUCIV / Dlven where AUCoral and Doral indicate the AUC and dosage for a specific oral administration, and AUCiv and Div indicate the AUC and dosage for the intravenous (IV) administration established in Example 1 above. For the oral administration described herein and shown in Figure 3A, the bioavailability (Fabs) was 19.5 ± 9.5. The results for this dosage form and quantity are summarized in Table 1 below. An average of 92.6 ± 3.0 mg of dihydromyricetin (DHM) per kg of body weight was administered orally to each rat in a group of three (3) Sprague-Dawley rats. The DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within the enteric capsules at approximately 23.2 mg per kg of body weight; that is, the mass ratio of sodium caprate to DHM was 1:4. Figure 3B presents the average blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after administration. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 52.7 ± 3.6 ng / mL at a time after administration (Tmax) of 6.0 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 221.9 ± 44.3 ng-h / mL.For the oral administration described herein and shown in Figure 3B, the bioavailability (Fabs) was 20.4 ± 3.6. The results for this pharmaceutical form and quantity are summarized in Table 1 below. An average of 75.5 ± 2.0 mg of dihydromyricetin (DHM) per kg of body weight was administered orally to each rat in a group of three (3) Sprague-Dawley rats. The DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in non-enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within the non-enteric capsules at approximately 75.5 mg per kg of body weight; that is, the mass ratio of sodium caprate to DHM was 1:1. Figure 3C presents the average blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after administration. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 62.3 ± 4.3 ng / mL at a time after administration (Tmax) of 4.0 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 283.5 ± 20.1 ng-h / mL.For the oral administration described herein and shown in Figure 3C, the bioavailability (Fabs) was 32.4 ± 3.1. The results for this pharmaceutical form and quantity are summarized in Table 1 below. An average of 70.6 ± 2.7 mg of dihydromyricetin (DHM) per kg of body weight was administered orally to each rat in a group of three (3) Sprague-Dawley rats. The DHM was administered in substantially crystalline form in non-enteric capsules. Sodium caprate (sodium decanoate) was administered in solid form within the non-enteric capsules at approximately 141.2 mg per kg of body weight; that is, the mass ratio of sodium caprate to DHM was 2:1. Figure 3D presents the average blood concentration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in ng / mL as a function of time in hours (h) after administration. Error bars are shown for each time point based on the results for each rat in the group. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of DHM was 70.2 ± 6.5 ng / mL at a time after administration (Tmax) of 4.0 ± 0 h, and the area under the curve (AUC) of DHM was 431.1 ±101.2 ng-h / mL.For the oral administration described herein and shown in Figure 3C, the bioavailability (Fabs) was 51.7 ± 10.0. The results for this pharmaceutical form and quantity are summarized in Table 1 below. A comparison of Figures 3A to 3D and the Cmax and AUC data shown in Table 1 indicates that as the amount of sodium caprate administered increased for a constant amount of DHM, Cmax and AUC increased, suggesting that sodium caprate acted as a permeabiliser, facilitating the absorption of DHM into the bloodstream. Bioavailability increased as the amount of caprate administered increased for the following sodium caprate mass ratios: ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O DHM of 0:1, 1:4, 1:1, and 2:1 (a constant amount of DHM was administered). Tmax decreased as the amount of sodium caprate administered increased for sodium caprate:DHM mass ratios of 1:4 and 1:1 (a constant amount of DHM was administered), consistent with the fact that the MA / t / ZUZZ / UI / O sodium caprate functioned as a permeabiliser. Example Fig. Na Caprate Treatment : DHM DHM Dose (mg / kg) DHM Cmax (ng / mL) Tmax (h) DHM AUC (ng-h / mL) DHM Bioavailability 1 1 DHM IV 1.0 12.5 ± 0.5 11.6 ±4.9 2A Non-enteric DHM Crystals 0:1 79.1 ± 1.3 46.2 ± 4.0 4.7 ± 1.8 313.6 ± 114.9 34.1 ±12.7 2 2B Non-enteric DHM Crystals + Low Caprate 1:4 93.9 ± 1.4 61.3 ± 8.0 2.0 ±0 315.5 ±87 28.8 ± 7.8 2C Non-enteric DHM crystals + Medium Caprate 1:1 76.5 ± 1.7 191.8 ± 44.8 0.8 ± 0.3 466.3 ± 99.4 52.8 ± 12.3 2D Non-enteric DHM crystals + High Caprate 2:1 77.5 ± 1.7 3472.0 ± 124.5 0.5 ± 0 5970.7 ± 1424.3 662.2 ± 157.9 3A Enteric DHM crystals 0:1 73.1 ± 1.1 27.9 ± 1.5 27.9 ± 1.5 167.3 ± 83.3 19.5 ±9.5 3 3B Enteric Crystals of DHM + Caprate Low 1:4 92.6 ± 3.0 52.7 ± 3.6 6.0 ±0 221.9 ± 44.3 20.4 ±3.6 3C Enteric Crystals of DHM + Caprate Medium 1:1 75.5 ± 2.0 62.3 ± 4.3 4.0 ±0 283.5 ± 20.1 32.4 ±3.1 3D Enteric DHM Crystals + High Caprate 2:1 70.6 ± 2.7 70.2 ± 6.5 4.0 ±0 431.1 ± 101.2 51.7 ±10.0 Table 1. Pharmacokinetic data based on an analysis of blood samples obtained from the administration of dihydromyricetin (DHM) (and, in some cases, sodium caprate) to Sprague-Dawley rats. The average (mean) of a value is shown, followed by the symbol ± and the standard error of the mean (SEM). Example 4: Liquid formulation including DHM and permeabilizer An aqueous liquid formulation includes the following: 500 mg (or more) of DHM; 1500 mg (or more) of capric acid; 200 mg (or more) of L-cysteine; optionally (extract of) prickly pear cactus fruit; optionally (extract of) milk thistle; electrolyte(s) (for example, sodium chloride, sodium citrate and / or potassium chloride); vitamin(s) (for example, one or more B vitamins, vitamin C and / or vitamin E); carbonation (carbon dioxide); and optionally an emulsifier. The aqueous liquid formulation can be in a volume of, for example, 4 oz (US routine fluid ounces) (118 mL), 8 oz (237 mL), 12 oz (355 mL), or 16 oz (474 ​​mL). For example, the aqueous liquid formulation can be an oil-in-water emulsion (e.g., water can be the continuous phase) or a water-in-oil emulsion (e.g., oil can be the continuous phase). For example, the DHM can be (primarily) in the oil phase. For example, the permeabilizer (e.g., capric acid) can be (primarily) in the oil phase. For example, the aqueous liquid formulation with a volume of 4 oz can be a water-in-oil emulsion. For example, the aqueous liquid formulation with a volume of 8 oz, 12 oz, or 16 oz can be an oil-in-water emulsion. The aqueous liquid formulation of a specific volume can be in a container (such as a sealable container for holding a beverage) of a corresponding volumetric capacity. Aspects of the invention Aspect 1. A formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM), comprising: dihydromyricetin (DHM) and a permeabilizer comprising a fatty acid salt and / or a fatty acid. Aspect 2. The DHM formulation of Aspect 1, wherein the permeabilizer is a fatty acid salt. Aspect 3. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 and 2, wherein the fatty acid salt is a sodium fatty acid salt or a potassium fatty acid salt. Aspect 4. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 and 2, wherein the fatty acid salt is a saturated fatty acid salt. Aspect 5. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 and 2, wherein the fatty acid salt is a sodium saturated fatty acid salt or a potassium saturated fatty acid salt. Aspect 6. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 and 2, wherein the fatty acid salt is a sodium saturated fatty acid salt or a potassium saturated fatty acid salt having 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbons. Aspect 7. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 and 2, where the salt of ML / t / ZUZZ / UI 34 / 0 fatty acid is sodium decanoate (sodium caprate). Aspect 8. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 and 2, wherein the fatty acid salt is potassium decanoate (potassium caprate). Aspect 9. The DHM formulation of Aspect 1, wherein the permeabilizer is a fatty acid. Aspect 10. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the fatty acid salt is a saturated fatty acid. Aspect 11. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid having 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbons. Aspect 12. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid having 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 carbons. Aspect 13. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid). Aspect 14. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the fatty acid is in the form of a triglyceride. Aspect 15. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid) bonded to glycerol in a medium-chain triglyceride. Aspect 16. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid) in a medium-chain triglyceride formed from three decanoic acid (capric acid) groups attached to glycerol. Aspect 17. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, comprising a medium-chain triglyceride formulation, wherein the medium-chain triglyceride formulation comprises the fatty acid and wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid). Aspect 18. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, comprising coconut oil, wherein the coconut oil comprises the fatty acid and wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid). Aspect 19. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 9, comprising a natural product, a coconut product, palm kernel oil, palm oil and / or durian extract, wherein the natural product, coconut product, palm kernel oil, palm oil and / or durian extract comprises the fatty acid and wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid). Aspect 20. The DHM formulation of any of aspects 1 to 19, comprising at least 1 mass unit of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. Aspect 21. The DHM formulation of any of aspects 1 to 19, comprising at least 2 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O Aspect 22. The DHM formulation of any of aspects 1 less 3 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. Aspect 23. The DHM formulation of any of aspects 1 less 1 to 2 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. Aspect 24. The DHM formulation of any of aspects 1 less 1 to 3 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. 19, which includes the 19, which includes the 19, which includes the ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O Aspect 25. The formulation of DHM of any of Aspects 1 to 24, 146 and 147, where the DHM is in solid form. Aspect 26. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 24, 146 and 147, wherein the DHM is in powder form. Aspect 27. DHM is crystalline Aspect 28. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 26, 146 and 147, where The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 26, 146 and 147, wherein the crystallinity of the DHM is at least 90%. Aspect 29. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 26, 146 and 147, wherein the crystallinity of the DHM is at least 80%. Aspect 30. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 26, 146 and 147, wherein the crystallinity of the DHM is at least 50%. Aspect 31. The DHM formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 24, 146 and 147, wherein the DHM is solubilized or emulsified. Aspect 32. The formulation of DHM of any of Aspects 1 to 31, 146 and 147, where the formulation of DHM is homogeneous. Aspect 33. A pharmaceutical form, comprising the formulation of DHM from any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 as a tablet, pill, pill, lozenge, oblong tablet or dragee. Aspect 34. A pharmaceutical form, comprising: the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147; and a capsule, wherein the DHM formulation is encapsulated in the capsule. Appearance 35. Soft gelatin. Aspect 36. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 34, The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 34 material derived from animals, such as gelatin and / or collagen. Aspect 37. The pharmaceutical form of the Aspect 34 plant-derived material. Aspect 38. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 34 where 35, 35, 35, in the capsule is a capsule where the capsule comprises synthetically produced material. Aspect 39. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 34 or 35, wherein the capsule comprises a polysaccharide, a sulfated polysaccharide, a carrageenan, cellulose, a cellulose derivative, starch, a starch derivative, pullulan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and combinations thereof. Aspect 40. The pharmaceutical form of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Aspect 41. The pharmaceutical form of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate Aspect (HPMCAS). copolymer 35, 35, in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), where the capsule comprises ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O Aspect 42. Material of algal origin. Aspect 43. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 34 The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 34 35, 35, in which the capsule comprises material derived from algal material. Aspect 44. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 33 to 43, wherein the pharmaceutical form comprises an outer surface and wherein the outer surface is coated with an enteric coating. Aspect 45. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 44, wherein the enteric coating is a polymeric coating. Aspect 46. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 44, wherein the enteric coating is a methacrylate copolymer coating. Aspect 47. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 44, wherein the enteric coating is poly(methacylic acid-ethyl acrylate). Aspect 48. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 33 to 47, wherein the pharmaceutical form is not solubilized or dissolved by an aqueous solution having a maximum pH of 3.5. Aspect 49. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 33 to 47, wherein the pharmaceutical form is not solubilized or dissolved by an aqueous solution having a maximum pH of 2. Aspect 50. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 33 to 47, wherein the pharmaceutical form is solubilized or dissolved by an aqueous solution having a maximum pH of 5.5. Aspect 51. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 33 to 47, wherein the pharmaceutical form is solubilized or dissolved by an aqueous solution having a pH of 7. Aspect 52. A pharmaceutical form, comprising: the dihydromyricetinine (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 24, 31, 32, 146 and 147; and a soft gelatin capsule, wherein the DHM formulation is in liquid or gelatin form and wherein the DHM formulation is encapsulated in the soft gelatin capsule. Aspect 53. A pharmaceutical form, comprising the formulation of DHM of any of Aspects 1 to 24, 31, 32, 146 and 147 in liquid or gelatin form. Aspect 54. A pharmaceutical form, comprising: the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 24, 31, 32, 146 and 147, wherein the DHM is dissolved, emulsified, dispersed as a suspension or dispersed as a colloid in an aqueous liquid wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.04% by weight of DHM. Aspect 55. The dosage form of aspect 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.07% by weight of DHM. Aspect 56. The dosage form of aspect 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.1% by weight of DHM. Aspect 57. The dosage form of aspect 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.14% by weight of DHM. Aspect 58. The dosage form of aspect 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.2% by weight of DHM. Aspect 59. The dosage form of aspect 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.4% by weight of DHM. Aspect 60. The dosage form of aspect 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 1% by weight of DHM. Aspect 61. The dosage form of aspect 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 2, 3 or 4% by weight of DHM. Aspect 62. The pharmaceutical form of any of aspects 54 to 61, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises cysteine. Aspect 63. The dosage form of aspect 62, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises at least 0.02% by weight of cysteine. Aspect 64. The dosage form of aspect 62, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.05% by weight of cysteine. Aspect 65. The dosage form of aspect 62, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.01% by weight of cysteine. Aspect 66. The dosage form of aspect 62, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.2% by weight of cysteine. Aspect 67. The pharmaceutical form of any of aspects 54 to 66, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises an emulsifier. Aspect 68. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 67, wherein the emulsifier is a plant product. Aspect 69. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 67, wherein the emulsifier is lecithin. Aspect 70. The pharmaceutical form of any of aspects 54 to 69, wherein the aqueous liquid has a pH of at most 7. Aspect 71. The pharmaceutical form of any of aspects 54 to 69, wherein the aqueous liquid has a pH of at most 5. Aspect 72. The pharmaceutical form of any of aspects 54 to 71, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises carbon dioxide. ML / t / ZUZZ / UI »4 / 0 Aspect 73. The dosage form of aspect 72, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises at least 0.1% by weight of carbon dioxide. Aspect 74. The dosage form of aspect 72, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises at least 0.5% by weight of carbon dioxide. Aspect 75. The dosage form of aspect 72, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises at least 0.8% by weight of carbon dioxide. Aspect 76. The dosage form of aspect 72, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises at least 1.5% by weight of carbon dioxide. Aspect 77. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use as a medicament. Aspect 78. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in reducing hangover symptoms. Aspect 79. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use to prevent an alcohol use disorder. Aspect 80. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in preventing alcoholism. Aspect 81. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in treating an alcohol use disorder. Aspect 82. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in treating alcoholism. Aspect 83. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 of the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in treating an alcohol overdose. Aspect 84. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use to enhance antioxidant capacity. Aspect 85. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use for neuroprotection. Aspect 86. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in preventing Alzheimer's disease. ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O Aspect 87. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in treating Alzheimer's disease. Aspect 88. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use to inhibit inflammation. Aspect 89. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use for kidney protection. Aspect 90. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use for liver protection. Aspect 91. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in preventing or treating cancer. Aspect 92. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use to improve a metabolic disorder. Aspect 93. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in preventing diabetes. Aspect 94. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in treating diabetes. Aspect 95. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in treating a bacterial infection. Aspect 96. The dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 for use in treating depression, a depressive disorder or major depressive disorder. Aspect 97. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 in the preparation of a drug to reduce hangover symptoms. Aspect 98. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 in the preparation of a drug to prevent an alcohol use disorder, prevent alcoholism, treat an alcohol use disorder, treat alcoholism and / or treat an alcohol overdose. Aspect 99. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 in the preparation of a drug for neuroprotection, disease prevention ML / t / ZUZZ / UI »4 / 0 of Alzheimer's and / or treat Alzheimer's disease. Aspect 100. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 in the preparation of a drug to improve a metabolic disorder, prevent diabetes and / or treat diabetes. Aspect 101. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 in the preparation of a drug to increase antioxidant capacity, inhibit inflammation, protect the kidneys, protect the liver, prevent and / or treat cancer and / or treat a bacterial infection. Aspect 102. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 in the preparation of a drug to treat depression, a depressive disorder or major depressive disorder. Aspect 103. A method for treating a patient suffering from a hangover symptom, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to reduce hangover symptoms. Aspect 104. A method for treating a patient at risk for an alcohol use disorder, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to prevent the alcohol use disorder. Aspect 105. A method for treating a patient at risk of alcoholism, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to prevent alcoholism. Aspect 106. A method for treating a patient suffering from an alcohol use disorder, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to treat the alcohol use disorder. Aspect 107. A method for treating a patient suffering from alcoholism, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to treat alcoholism. Aspect 108. A method for treating a patient suffering from an alcohol overdose, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to treat the alcohol overdose. Aspect 109. A method for treating a patient requiring increased antioxidant capacity, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and ML / t / ZUZZ / UI »4 / 0 132 to 145 to the patient to increase antioxidant capacity. Aspect 110. A method for treating a patient requiring neuroprotection, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to provide neuroprotection. Aspect 111. A method for treating a patient at risk of Alzheimer's disease, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to prevent Alzheimer's disease. Aspect 112. A method for treating a patient suffering from Alzheimer's disease, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to treat Alzheimer's disease. Aspect 113. A method for treating a patient suffering from inflammation, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to inhibit inflammation. Aspect 114. A method for treating a patient requiring kidney protection, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to protect the kidneys. Aspect 115. A method for treating a patient requiring liver protection, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to protect the liver. Aspect 116. A method for treating a patient at risk for or suffering from cancer, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to prevent or treat cancer. Aspect 117. A method for treating a patient suffering from a metabolic disorder, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to prevent, treat or improve the metabolic disorder. Aspect 118. A method for treating a patient at risk of diabetes, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to prevent diabetes. Aspect 119. A method for treating a patient suffering from diabetes, comprising ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / Or administer the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to treat diabetes. Aspect 120. A method for treating a patient suffering from a bacterial infection, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to treat the bacterial infection. Aspect 121. A method for treating a patient suffering from depression, depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146, and 147 or the pharmaceutical form in accordance with any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to the patient to treat depression, depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder. Aspect 122. A method comprising administering the DHM formulation to any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147 or the pharmaceutical form according to any of Aspects 33 to 76 and 132 to 145 to a patient. Aspect 123. The method of any of Aspects 103 to 122, wherein DHM is administered at a dose of 5 mg to 150 mg of DHM per kg of the patient's body weight. Aspect 124. The method of any of Aspects 103 to 122, wherein DHM is administered at a dose of 50 mg to 100 mg of DHM per kg of the patient's body weight. Aspect 125. The method of any of Aspects 103 to 122, wherein DHM is administered at a dose of approximately 75 mg of DHM per kg of the patient's body weight. Aspect 126. The method of any of Aspects 103 to 125, wherein the permeabilizer is administered at a dose of 5 mg to 300 mg of permeabilizer per kg of the patient's body weight. Aspect 127. The method of any of Aspects 103 to 125, wherein the permeabilizer is administered at a dose of 10 mg to 200 mg of permeabilizer per kg of the patient's body weight. Aspect 128. The method of any of Aspects 103 to 125, wherein the permeabilizer is administered at a dose of 75 mg to 150 mg of permeabilizer per kg of the patient's body weight. Aspect 129. The method of any of Aspects 103 to 128, further comprising enabling the permeabilizer to permeabilize a wall of the patient's intestine and enabling the DHM to diffuse into the patient's intestinal wall and into the patient's bloodstream, such that the DHM is administered to the patient. Aspect 130. The method of any of Aspects 103 to 129, wherein the DHM formulation or pharmaceutical form is administered orally. Aspect 131. The method of Aspect 130, wherein the DHM formulation is administered as a capsule, and further comprising allowing the capsule to enter the patient's stomach, wherein the capsule does not dissolve and does not ML / t / ZUZZ / UI U4 / O is solubilized by gastric juices in the stomach, allowing the capsule to pass from the stomach to the patient's intestine, where the capsule is partially or totally dissolved or solubilized by intestinal fluid, allowing the partially or totally dissolved or solubilized capsule to release the DHM formulation into the intestinal fluid. ML / t / ZUZZ / UI !o which allows the permeabilizer to permeabilize a wall of the patient's intestine, and which allows the DHM to diffuse into a wall of the intestine and into the patient's bloodstream, in such a way that the DHM is administered to the patient. Aspect 132. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 54 to 76, further comprising a water-soluble polymer. Aspect 133. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 132, wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA). Aspect 134. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 132, wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of cellulosic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Aspect 135. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 54 to 76 and 132 to 134, further comprising a cyclodextrin. Aspect 136. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 54 to 76 and 132 to 134, further comprising a beta-cyclodextrin. Aspect 137. A pharmaceutical form, comprising: the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any of Aspects 1 to 32, 146 and 147; and a matrix material. Appearance 138. poly(ethylene oxide). Aspect 139. cellulosic polymer. Aspect 140. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 137, wherein the matrix material The pharmaceutical form of Aspect 137, wherein the matrix material is The pharmaceutical form of the Aspect 137, wherein the matrix material is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Aspect 141. The dosage form of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Acetate Succinate Aspect (HPMCAS). Aspect 142. The pharmaceutical form of poly(vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA). Aspect 143. The pharmaceutical form of Aspect poly(vinyl acetate-vinyl caprolactam-ethylene oxide). 137, 137, 137, in where where where where the the the material material material of of matrix matrix matrix is ​​is is Aspect 144. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 137 to 143, wherein the DHM and / or permeabilizer is molecularly dispersed in the matrix material. Aspect 145. The pharmaceutical form of any of Aspects 137 to 144, wherein the DHM is amorphous. Aspect 146. The DHM formulation of any of aspects 1 to 19, comprising at least 5 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. Aspect 147. The DHM formulation of any of aspects 1 to 19, comprising 1 to 5 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. The embodiments illustrated and discussed in this specification are intended only to teach those skilled in the art the best manner known to the inventors for making and using the invention. Nothing in this specification should be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. All examples presented are representative and not limiting. The embodiments of the invention described above may be modified or varied, without departing from the invention, as those skilled in the art will be able to appreciate in light of the foregoing. It should therefore be understood that, within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the invention may be implemented in ways other than those specifically described. References 1. 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Claims

1. A dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation, comprising: dihydromyricetin (DHM) and a permeabilizer comprising a fatty acid salt and / or a fatty acid.

2. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the permeabilizer is a fatty acid salt.

3. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt comprises a sodium fatty acid salt or a potassium fatty acid salt.

4. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt comprises a saturated fatty acid salt.

5. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt comprises a sodium saturated fatty acid salt or a potassium saturated fatty acid salt.

6. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt comprises a sodium saturated fatty acid salt or a potassium saturated fatty acid salt having 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbons.

7. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt comprises sodium decanoate (sodium caprate).

8. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt comprises potassium decanoate (potassium caprate).

9. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the permeabilizer is a fatty acid.

10. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid comprises a saturated fatty acid.

11. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid comprises a saturated fatty acid having 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbons.

12. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid comprises a saturated fatty acid having 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 carbons.

13. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid comprises decanoic acid (capric acid).

14. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is in the form of a triglyceride.

15. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid) bonded to glycerol in a medium-chain triglyceride.

16. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid) in a medium-chain triglyceride formed from three decanoic acid (capric acid) groups attached to glycerol.

17. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, ML / t / ZUZZ / UI 34 / 0 comprising a medium-chain triglyceride formulation, wherein the medium-chain triglyceride formulation comprises the fatty acid and wherein the fatty acid comprises decanoic acid (capric acid).

18. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, comprising coconut oil, wherein the coconut oil comprises the fatty acid and wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid).

19. The DHM formulation according to claim 1, comprising a natural product, a coconut product, palm kernel oil, palm oil, and / or durian extract, wherein the natural product, the coconut product, palm kernel oil, palm oil, and / or durian extract comprise the fatty acid, and wherein the fatty acid is decanoic acid (capric acid). ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O 20. The DHM formulation according to any of the claims comprises at least 1 mass unit of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM.

21. The DHM formulation according to any of the claims comprises at least 2 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM.

22. The DHM formulation according to any of the claims comprises at least 3 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM.

23. The DHM formulation according to any of claims 19, 19, 19, 19, comprising at least 1 to 2 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM.

24. The DHM formulation according to any of claims 1 to 1 comprises at least 1 to 3 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM. 19, which 25. The formulation of DHM according to any of claims 1 to 19, wherein the DHM is in solid form.

26. The formulation of DHM according to any of claims 1 the DHM is in powder form.

27. The formulation of DHM according to any of claims 1 the DHM is crystalline at 19, wherein at 19, wherein 28. The DHM formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19, wherein the crystallinity of the DHM is at least 90%.

29. The formulation of DHM according to any of claims 1 to 19, wherein the crystallinity of the DHM is at least 80%.

30. The formulation of DHM according to any of claims 1 to 19, wherein the crystallinity of the DHM is at least 50%.

31. The formulation of DHM according to any of claims 1 to 19, wherein the DHM is solubilized or emulsified.

32. The DHM formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19, wherein the DHM formulation is in powder form.

33. A pharmaceutical form comprising the DHM formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 19 as a capsule, tablet, pill, lozenge, oblong tablet, or coated tablet.

34.

35. A pharmaceutical form comprising: the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation of any one of claims 1 to 19; and a capsule, wherein the DHM formulation is encapsulated in the capsule. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 34, wherein the capsule is a soft gelatin capsule.

36. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 34, wherein the capsule comprises animal-derived material, gelatin and / or collagen.

37. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 34, wherein the capsule comprises plant-derived material.

38. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 34, wherein the capsule comprises synthetically produced material.

39. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 34, wherein the capsule comprises a polysaccharide, a sulfated polysaccharide, a carrageenan, cellulose, a cellulose derivative, starch, a starch derivative, pullulan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) copolymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and combinations thereof.

40. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 34, wherein the capsule comprises hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).

41. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 34, wherein the capsule comprises hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS).

42. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 34, wherein the capsule comprises material of algal origin.

43. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 34, wherein the capsule comprises material derived from algal material.

44. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 33, wherein the pharmaceutical form comprises an outer surface and wherein the outer surface is coated with an enteric coating.

45. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 44, wherein the enteric coating is a polymeric coating.

46. ​​The pharmaceutical form according to claim 44, wherein the enteric coating is a methacrylate copolymer coating.

47. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 44, wherein the enteric coating is poly(methacylic acid-ethyl acrylate).

48. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 33, wherein the pharmaceutical form is not soluble or dissolved by an aqueous solution having a pH of at most 3.

5.

49. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 33, wherein the pharmaceutical form is neither solubilized nor dissolved by an aqueous solution having a pH of at most 2.

50. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 33, wherein the pharmaceutical form is solubilized or dissolved by water or an aqueous solution having a pH of at most 5.

5.

51. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 33, wherein the pharmaceutical form is neither solubilized nor dissolved by water or an aqueous solution having a pH of at least 7.

52. A pharmaceutical form, comprising: the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O 19; and a soft gelatin capsule, wherein the DHM formulation is in liquid or gelatin form and wherein the DHM formulation is encapsulated in the soft gelatin capsule.

53. A pharmaceutical form, comprising the formulation of DHM according to any of claims 1 to 19 in liquid or gelatin form.

54. A pharmaceutical form, comprising: the formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19; and an aqueous liquid, wherein the DHM is dissolved, emulsified, dispersed as a suspension and / or dispersed as a colloid in an aqueous liquid and wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.04% by weight of DHM.

55. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.07% by weight of DHM.

56. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.1% by weight of DHM.

57. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.14% by weight of DHM.

58. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.2% by weight of DHM.

59. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.4% by weight of DHM.

60. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 1% by weight of DHM.

61. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 2, 3 or 4% by weight of DHM.

62. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises cysteine.

63. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises at least 0.02% by weight of cysteine.

64. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid MA / IZ / ZUZZ / υΊ 34 / 0 comprises at least 0.05% by weight of cysteine.

65. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid comprises at least 0.1% by weight of cysteine.

66. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises at least 0.2% by weight of cysteine.

67. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid further comprises an emulsifier.

68. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 67, wherein the emulsifier is a plant product.

69.

70. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 67, wherein the emulsifier is lecithin. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid has a pH of no more than 7.

71. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, wherein the aqueous liquid has a pH of maximum 5.

72. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54 further comprises carbon dioxide.

73. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54 further comprises at least 0.1% by weight of carbon dioxide.

74. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54 further comprises at least 0.5% by weight of carbon dioxide.

75. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54 further comprises at least 0.8% by weight of carbon dioxide.

76. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54 further comprises at least 1.5% by weight of carbon dioxide. where the aqueous liquid is aqueous.

77. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claim 19 for use as a medicament.

78. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claim 19 for use in reducing hangover symptoms.

79. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claim 19 for use in preventing an alcohol use disorder.

80. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claim 19 for use in preventing alcoholism.

81. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claim 19 for use in treating an alcohol use disorder.

82. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in treating alcoholism.

83. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in treating an alcohol overdose.

84. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in enhancing antioxidant capacity.

85. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in neuroprotection.

86. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in preventing Alzheimer's disease.

87. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in treating Alzheimer's disease.

88. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in inhibiting inflammation.

89. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in kidney protection.

90. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in liver protection.

91. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in preventing or treating cancer.

92. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in improving a metabolic disorder.

93. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in preventing diabetes.

94. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in treating diabetes.

95. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in treating a bacterial infection.

96. The formulation of dihydromyricetin (DHM) according to any of claims 1 to 19 for use in treating depression, a depressive disorder or major depressive disorder.

97. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 in the preparation of a medicament for reducing the symptoms of a hangover.

98. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 in the preparation of a medicament for preventing an alcohol use disorder, preventing alcoholism, treating an alcohol use disorder, treating alcoholism and / or treating an alcohol overdose.

99. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 in the preparation of a medicament for neuroprotection, preventing Alzheimer's disease and / or treating Alzheimer's disease.

100. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 in the preparation of a medicament for improving a metabolic disorder, preventing diabetes and / or treating diabetes.

101. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 in the preparation of a medicament to increase antioxidant capacity, inhibit inflammation, protect the kidneys, protect the liver, prevent and / or treat cancer and / or treat a bacterial infection.

102. The use of the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 in the preparation of a medicament for treating depression, a depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder.

103. A method for treating a patient suffering from a hangover symptom, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to reduce the hangover symptom.

104. A method for treating a patient at risk of alcohol use disorder, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to prevent alcohol use disorder.

105. A method for treating a patient at risk of alcoholism, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to prevent alcoholism.

106. A method for treating a patient suffering from an alcohol use disorder, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to treat the alcohol use disorder.

107. A method for treating a patient suffering from alcoholism, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to treat alcoholism.

108. A method for treating a patient suffering from an alcohol overdose, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to treat the alcohol overdose.

109. A method for treating a patient requiring increased antioxidant capacity, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to increase antioxidant capacity.

110. A method for treating a patient requiring neuroprotection, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to provide neuroprotection.

111. A method for treating a patient at risk of Alzheimer's disease, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to prevent Alzheimer's disease. ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O 112. A method for treating a patient suffering from Alzheimer's disease, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to treat Alzheimer's disease.

113. A method for treating a patient at risk of or suffering from inflammation, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to inhibit inflammation.

114. A method for treating a patient requiring kidney protection, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to protect the kidneys.

115. A method for treating a patient requiring liver protection, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to protect the liver.

116. A method for treating a patient at risk of or suffering from cancer, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to prevent or treat cancer.

117. A method for treating a patient at risk of or suffering from a metabolic disorder, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to prevent, treat, or improve the metabolic disorder.

118. A method for treating a patient at risk of diabetes, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to prevent diabetes.

119. A method for treating a patient suffering from diabetes, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to treat diabetes.

120. A method for treating a patient suffering from a bacterial infection, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to treat the bacterial infection.

121. A method for treating a patient suffering from depression, depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder, comprising administering the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 19 to the patient to treat depression, depressive disorder, or major depressive disorder.

122. A method comprising administering the DHM formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19 to a patient.

123. The method according to claim 103, wherein DHM is administered at a dose of 5 mg to 150 mg of DHM per kg of the patient's body weight.

124. The method according to claim 103, wherein DHM is administered at a dose of 50 mg to 100 mg of DHM per kg of the patient's body weight.

125. The method according to claim 103, wherein the DHM is administered at a dose MA / t / ZUZZ / UI »4 / 0 of approximately 75 mg of DHM per kg of the patient's body weight.

126. The method according to claim 103, wherein the permeabilizer is administered at a dose of 5 mg to 300 mg of permeabilizer per kg of the patient's body weight.

127. The method according to claim 103, wherein the permeabilizer is administered at a dose of 10 mg to 200 mg of permeabilizer per kg of the patient's body weight.

128. The method according to claim 103, wherein the permeabilizer is administered at a dose of 75 mg to 150 mg of permeabilizer per kg of the patient's body weight.

129. The method according to claim 103, further comprising enabling the permeabilizer to permeabilize a wall of the patient's intestine and enabling the DHM to diffuse into the patient's intestinal wall and into the patient's bloodstream, such that the DHM is administered to the patient.

130. The method according to claim 103, wherein the DHM formulation or pharmaceutical form is administered orally.

131. The method according to claim 130, wherein the DHM formulation is administered as a capsule, and further comprising allowing the capsule to enter the patient's stomach, wherein the capsule is not dissolved and is not solubilized by gastric juices in the stomach, thereby allowing the capsule to pass from the stomach to the patient's intestine, wherein the capsule is partially or totally dissolved or solubilized by intestinal fluid in the intestine, thereby allowing the partially or totally dissolved or solubilized capsule to release the DHM formulation into the intestinal fluid, thereby allowing the permeabilizer to permeabilize a wall of the patient's intestine, and thereby allowing the DHM to diffuse into a wall of the intestine and into the patient's bloodstream, such that the DHM is administered to the patient.

132. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, further comprising a water-soluble polymer.

133. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 132, wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA).

134. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 132, wherein the water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of cellulosic polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).

135. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, further comprising a cyclodextrin.

136. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 54, further comprising beta-cyclodextrin.

137. A pharmaceutical form, comprising: ML / t / ZUZZ / UI / O the dihydromyricetin (DHM) formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19; and a matrix material.

138. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 137, wherein the matrix material is poly(ethylene oxide).

139. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 137, wherein the matrix material is a cellulosic polymer.

140. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 137, wherein the matrix material is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).

141. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 137, wherein the matrix material is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS).

142. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 137, wherein the matrix material is poly(vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA).

143. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 137, wherein the matrix material is poly(vinyl acetate-vinyl caprolactam-ethylene oxide).

144. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 137, wherein the DHM and / or permeabiliser is molecularly dispersed in the matrix material.

145. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 137, wherein the DHM is amorphous.

146. The DHM formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19, comprising at least 5 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM.

147. The DHM formulation according to any of claims 1 to 19, comprising at least 1 to 5 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM.

148. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 57, comprising at least 3 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM.

149. The pharmaceutical form according to claim 57, comprising at least 5 mass units of permeabilizer per mass unit of DHM.