FOOD GRADE BUTYRATE.

Abstract

Use of a compound having the formula (1), (2), (3), or (4) or combinations thereof, to provide a source of butyrate with improved organoleptic properties wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently a long-chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons.

Description

FOOD BUTYRATE FIELD OF INVENTION 5 The present invention relates to a food source of butyrate that has improved organoleptic properties. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 10 Salts and esters of butyric acid are known as butyrates or butanoates. Butyric acid in ester form is found in many foods such as milk, especially goat, sheep, cow, camel, and buffalo milk, and dairy products such as butter, as well as cheeses such as Parmesan cheese. Butyric acid is also a product of anaerobic fermentation, for example, as a fermentation product produced by the intestinal microbiota. The multiple beneficial effects of butyrate are well documented in mammals and livestock. At the initial level, butyrate has a regulatory role in transepithelial fluid transport, mucosal inflammation and oxidative state, reinforces intestinal barrier function and influences visceral sensitivity and intestinal motility.Butyrate has been shown to improve intestinal structure in piglets with short bowel syndrome (Bartolomé et al., J af Patentar Enteral Nutr. 2004; 28(4):210-222) and decrease the proliferation of colon cancer cells in human cell lines (Lupton, J Nutr., 2004; 134(2):479-482). The production of volatile fatty acids such as butyric acid from fermentable fibers may contribute to the role of fiber. 5. Nutritional role in colon cancer (Lüptdn, The Jauma / of Nutrition. 134 (2): 479-32). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, which include, but are not limited to, propionic and butyric acids, are produced by euphonic bacteria that feed on or ferment non-digestible fiber and / or prebiotics. SCFAs, and most notably butyrate, promote regulatory T cells in the colon by inhibiting festone deacetylase in the Foxp3 locus (Furusawa Y, et al., Nature 2013:504(7480):446-450). Oral butyrate supplementation promotes antibacterial activity in intestinal macrophages and restricts the spread of bacteria beyond the intestinal tract. Butyric acid also benefits colonocytes by increasing energy production.Furthermore, butyrate has also been shown to decrease the incidence of diarrhea (Bemi Ganará et al., Gastroenterol, 2004; 127(2):630-634), improve gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (Scarpellini et al., Dig Líver Oís., 2007; 1(1):19-22), and enhance small bowel development in neonatal tedons (Kotunia et al., J Physíol Pharmaool 2004; 55(2):59-68). Tributyrin is a triglyceride composed of three ester functional groups with three butyrate entities and a glycerol backbone. Under hydrolysis conditions such as those that occur during digestion, tributyrin is potentially a source of three moles of butyric acid. per mole of tributyrin. However, the efficacy of tributyrin is potentially limited by its gastric lipolysis.20 Butyric acid and tributyrin are both food additives that are generally considered safe (GRAS) (21CFR582.60 and 21CFR184.1903, respectively), and are natural components of many foods. However, butyric acid is associated with negative sensory qualities such as cheesy, fecal, and vomit-like aromas. Tributyrin also has negative sensory qualities, particularly a high bitterness. These attributes of Unpleasant taste and odor can make oral administration of compositions containing these compounds particularly difficult, especially in the pediatric population. Consequently, it would be beneficial to provide a food-grade source of butyrate that has improved organoleptic properties compared to available solutions. A liquid format could provide an additional benefit due to ease of formulation and reduced dissolution and homogenization problems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides compounds that are a source of butyrate with improved organoleptic properties. In particular, the compounds have improved odor and / or taste compared to butyric acid, butyrate salts 15 and 20, and tributynin. The compounds can be used as a food source of butyric acid.The compounds can be used, for example, in nutritional compositions, food supplements, infant formulas, and follow-on formulas. Advantageously, the compounds of the present invention have been found to exhibit a low degree of gastric lipolysis and can provide an efficient supply of butyric acid to the intestinal compartment. According to a first aspect of the present invention, the use of a compound having the formula- is provided. or combinations thereof, to provide a source of butyric acid or butyrate with improved organoleptic properties wherein R'¿ Ra, R3, R4, Ray Rbson are independently a long-chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons. The compounds in formulas (1), (2), (3) and / or (4) may be present in, for example, a composition such as a nutritional formulation, a food supplement, an infant formula or a follow-on formula. In one form, the improved organoleptic properties are improved smell. In one form, the improved organoleptic properties are improved taste. In one form, the improved organoleptic properties are improved smell and improved taste. In one form, the improved taste is a 15% reduction in bitterness. According to another aspect of the present invention, a food supplement is provided to provide a source of butyrate or butyric acid comprising a compound having the formula A^.' t -i oHon'1q chor¿ .......... CHsOR* CH2OR4n CHjOR5q HyO OQ ( 4) IX HC O0CH^QR® or combinations thereof, wherein R\ Rs, R3, R4, Rsy R6 are independently a 2S long-chain fatty acid that has between 16 and 20 carbons. The dietary supplement may be in the form of, for example, a capsule, tablet, liquid / oil, or powder. According to another aspect of the present invention, an infant formula or follow-on formula is provided comprising a compound having the formula oo ,H¿Q—D'xHS^G' I, (2) I CHOR1OCHOP? I ?I , CHtOR3 CHjOR4 CHjGR10 or combinations thereof, wherein R\ R?, R3, R4, Rsy R6 are independently a long-chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons. According to another aspect of the present invention, the use of the Infant Formula or Follow-up Formula of the present invention is provided to provide a source of butyrate or butyric acid with improved organoleptic properties. According to another aspect of the present invention, a compound is provided having the formula H 0 ' j O h2c ί>Άχ CHjOR4 CHOR- O (2Í CHOR* (Yes 1 ' HC..........0' H CH;OR3 CHjGR® or combinations thereof, for use to improve or maintain gastrointestinal health (G), wherein R\ R2, R\ R4, R5 and R6 are independently a long-chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons, According to another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for improving or maintaining the health of a patient, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound having the formula Or HgOR® or combinations of these ai patient, where R?, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R® are independently a long-chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons. In one embodiment, a combination of a compound having formula (1) and a compound having formula (2) is used as defined herein, or is present in the composition (e.g., nutritional composition, food supplement, infant formula, or follow-on formula) as defined herein. Preferably, the compound having formula (T) is present in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, and the compound having formula (2) is present in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition. In one embodiment, a combination of a compound having formula (1) and a compound having formula (2) is used as defined herein, or is present in the composition (e.g., nutritional composition, food supplement, infant formula, or follow-on formula) as defined herein, wherein the compound having formula (1) is present in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the total butyric acid containing triglycerides in the composition, and the compound having formula (2) is present in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the total butyric acid containing triglycerides in the composition. In another embodiment, a combination of a compound having formula (1) and a compound having formula (2) is used as defined herein, or is present in the composition (e.g., nutritional composition, food supplement, infant formula, or follow-on formula) as defined herein, wherein the compound having formula (1) is present in an amount of at least 15% by weight of the total butyric acid containing triglycerides in the composition, and the compound having formula (2) is present in an amount of at least 15% by weight of the total butyric acid containing triglycerides in the composition. In one embodiment, a combination of a compound having formula (t), a compound having formula (2), a compound having formula (3) and a compound having formula (4) is used as defined herein, or is present in the composition, nutritional composition, food supplement, infant formula or follow-on formula as defined herein. In one modality, R\ RÍ R3, R\ R5 and / or Rv as defined in this 2nd description is an unsaturated fatty acid, preferably monounsaturated. In one modality, R', Ra, R3, R4, Rs and / or Rs as defined in the present description is selected from the group consisting of Oleate acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or linoleic acid. In one modality, R\ R2, R3, R; R5 and / or Recomo as defined in this 25 description is oleic acid. In one modality, R1, R2, R1 R4, R6 and / or R6 as defined in this description is palmitic acid. In one embodiment, compound (I) is l(3-dibutyrylE2-palm^ In one modality, each gives R1, R\ R3, R* R® and R” is olete acid. In one form, the compound that has the formula (1) is: Q H2C..........Ci o I ,.iz^. HC---O (CH;·) / (CHshCHg In one form, the compound that has the formula (2) is: oiy HC------OX(CHa)7z^(CHzírCHa I° H2C—O In one form, the compound that has the formula (3) is: either A A..... HSC-----O ^CHz)7CH3i o A nc—ox· o II z—s HjC---O 'XCHaK (CHahCHa In one modality, the compound that has the formula (4) is: either H2C~-------O' ' ' | O HC-O TO HjC'----:Q. According to another aspect of the present invention, a compound comprising compounds having the formulas is provided I heard SJ i*______ H:7V V | p HC — EITHER 1: HjC'......... wherein the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 10% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, and the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 10% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition. In one embodiment, the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 15% by weight of total triglycerides in the composition, and the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 15% by weight of fetal triglycerides in the composition. In one embodiment, the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 15% by weight of total triglycerides in the composition, and the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 20% by weight of total triglycerides in the composition. In one embodiment, the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 20% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, and the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 20% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition. In one embodiment, the compound having formula (5) comprises approximately 15% to approximately 30% by weight of the tetel triglycerides in the composition, and the compound having formula (6) comprises approximately 20% to approximately 30% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition. In one embodiment, the composition further comprises a compound that has the formula 10 1S HjC..........O'x(CH2)?CH3 If HGθ' I<3 I xz^ H2C--O' '(CHah® (CH2)7CH3 preferably wherein the compound having formula (7) comprises at least 2% or 3% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, and / or further comprises a compound having formula (8) Hi® / --O' or HC---O' IQ H2C— preferably wherein the compound having formula (8) comprises at least 2% or 3% by weight of fetal glycerides in the composition. According to another embodiment of the present invention, a compound is provided comprising compounds having the formulas OR ;----------10 wherein the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 10% by weight of the whole butyrate entity containing ingiotensins in the composition, and the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 10% by weight of the whole butyrate entity containing ingiotensins in the composition. In one embodiment, the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 15% by weight of the whole triglyceride-containing butyrate entity in the composition, and the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 15% by weight of the whole triglyceride-containing butyrate entity in the composition. In one embodiment, the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 20% by weight of the whole butyrate containing triglycerides in the composition, and the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 20% by weight of the whole butyrate containing triglycerides in the composition. In one embodiment, the composition further comprises a compound having formula (7), preferably wherein the compound having formula (7) comprises at least 3% or 3% by weight of the whole butyrate containing triglycerides in the composition, and / or further comprises the compound having formula (8), preferably wherein the compound having formula (8) comprises at least 2% or 3% by weight of the whole butyrate containing triglycerides in the composition. The composition of the present invention may further comprise 1f3όίΜπΙ'24ίπαΙβοΙ^ 1,3-dibutyric acid 2-steatoyl 1-όυίίπΙ-2-οΙβόίΙ-3palmitoyl 1-palmitoyl 1-palmitoyl 1-feoyl 1-butyl 1-butyl 1-linoleoyl 1-linoleoyl 1-but ... 2~stearoil-3~oteo^ 1-Qfeoii~2~stearoÍI-3-b^ 1-butynl~2-otedl~3~ esphatoílglycerol, 1'Cstearoil-2-ο^^ I.S'dioIeóil-S-palmitoylglycerof, V palmítoíl-2f3-dtoieoilglice^ 1 ^-dioleoO-linoleoylglícew^ and / or 1-línole0ÍÉ2,3-dioleoiiglycerol. The composition of the present invention may be in the form of 15 nutritional composition. The composition of the present invention may be in the form of an infant formula or follow-on formula. The composition of the present invention may be in the form of a food supplement. According to another aspect of the present invention, the use of a composition defined in the present description is provided to provide a source of butyrate or butyric acid with improved organoleptic properties. According to another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for providing a source of butyric acid with improved organoleptic properties to a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a composition defined herein to the subject. According to another aspect of the present invention, a composition as defined in the present description is provided to improve or maintain gastrointestinal health. According to another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for improving or maintaining health in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of a composition defined in the present description to a subject. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 shows the fatty acid release from emulsions containing 200 mg of (A) tributyrin, (B) high oleic sunflower oil and (C) a butyrate-containing triacylglycerol (TAG) mixture according to the invention, digested either with (i) simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) or (ii) sequentially with gastric fluid (SGF) followed by simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Figure 2 shows the total degree of lipid digestion after SIF and SGF-SIF for tribuphyrin, high oleic sunflower oil and a mixture of the butyrate entity containing TAG according to the invention, DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Triglycerides A triglyceride (also known as a triacylglycerol) is a tryster that is derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. 5 Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long tail (chain). Fatty acids can be unsaturated or saturated. Fatty acids that are not bound to other molecules are called free fatty acids (FFAs). The term "fatty acid unit" refers to the part of the triglyceride that originates from a fatty acid in a stencil reaction with glycerol. The triglycerides used in the present invention comprise at least one butyric acid entity and at least one long-chain fatty acid entity. The preferred long-chain fatty acids for use in the present invention are fatty acids having 16 to 20 carbon atoms. 10 Examples of long-chain fatty acids include oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linoleic acid.The triglycerides of the present invention can be synthesized by, for example, esterification of long-chain fatty acid(s) and butyric acid with glycerol. The triglycerides of the present invention can be synthesized, for example, by interesterification between tributyrin and another triglyceride containing long-chain fatty acids. In one embodiment, high-oleic sunflower oil is the source of the long-chain fatty acids. This generates triglycerides that predominantly contain butyrate and oleate entities. Oleic acid is the predominant fatty acid present in breast milk. The compounds are dairy-free, cholesterol-free, and vegan. The fatty acids are released from the triglycerides due to the glycerols, naturally present in the gastrointestinal tract. With respect to butyrate salts, the compounds do not add any additional mineral salts to the final formulation. A person skilled in the technique can routinely determine alternative methods of trighoéndes synthesis. As an example, a method for obtaining 1,3-0ίί>MAIΙ·2-ρ$ΙφΗοίΙ^ (BPB) is shown below: EITHER HO. .A ,.OH Cwwísde psimiisito SqN. QQM CtafOífe DPM .^0tf or EITHER' OH A single butyrate triglyceride-containing entity may be used in this description. Alternatively, a mixture of different butyrate triglyceride-containing entities may be used. Compositions The present invention provides compositions comprising butyrate entities containing triglycerides as referred to in this description. The composition can be, for example, a nutritional composition, a food supplement, an infant formula, or a follow-on formula. The term “nutritional composition” means a composition that nourishes a subject. This nutritional composition is preferably taken orally and may include a source of lipids or fat and a source of protein. In addition, it may contain a source of carbohydrate. In one modality, the nutritional composition contains only a source of lipids or fat. In other specific modalities, the nutritional composition contains a source of lipids (or fat) with a source of protein, a source of carbohydrates, or both. In some specific embodiments, the nutritional composition according to the invention is a “enteral nutritional composition,” that is, a food product that involves the gastrointestinal tract for its administration. Gastric introduction may involve the use of a tube through the oronasal passage or a tube in the abdomen leading directly to the stomach. This may be used especially in hospitals or clinics. The composition according to the invention may be an infant formula (e.g., a starter infant formula), a follow-on or maintenance formula, a growth hormone, a baby food, an infant cereal composition, a fortifier such as a human protein fortifier, or a supplement. The expression “infant formula”, as used in the present description, refers to a food intended for particular nutritional uses by infants during the first months of life and which in itself satisfies the nutritional requirements of this category of person (e.g. Article 2(c) of the European Commission Directive 91 / 321 / EEC 2Q06Z141 / EC of 22 December 2006 on infant formulas and follow-on formulas). Generally, infant formula is used from birth as a substitute for breast milk. Follow-on formula is given from six months onward. This constitutes the main liquid component of the progressively diversified diet for this age group. Infant formula (or GUM) is given from one year onward. It is generally a milk-based drink adapted to the specific nutritional needs of young children. The term “fortifier” refers to liquid or solid nutritional compositions suitable for mixing with breast milk (human milk) or infant formula. “Breast milk” should be understood to mean the mother’s own milk or the mother’s colostrum or the milk of a donor or the colostrum of a milk donor. The term “dietary supplement” can be used to supplement an individual’s nutrition (typically, it is used as such, but it could also be applied to any type of composition intended to be ingested). It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, lozenges, or a liquid, for example. The supplement may also contain protective hydrocoids (such as gums, proteins, modified starches), binders, film-forming agents, eno-binding agents / materials, wall / cover materials, matrix compounds, coatings, emulsifiers, surface-active agents, solubilizing agents (oils, fats, waxes, teotins, etc.), adsorbents, carriers, retainers, compounding agents, dispersing agents, wetting agents, processing aids (solvents), flow agents, flavor-masking agents, weighting agents, gelling agents, and goal-forming agents.The food supplement may also contain excipients and diluents, conventional pharmaceutical additives and adjuvants, including, but not limited to, water, gelatin of any origin, vegetable gums, lignin sulfonate, talc, sugars, starch, gum arabic, vegetable oils, paraffins, flavoring agents, preservatives, stabilizers, emulsifying agents, regulators, lubricants, colorants, wetting agents, retainers, and the like. In another embodiment, the nutritional composition of the present invention is a fortifier. The fortifier can be a breast milk fortifier or a fortifying formula such as an infant formula fortifier. Therefore, the fortifier is a particularly advantageous embodiment when the infant or young child is born prematurely. When your composition is a supplement, it can be provided in the form of dosage units. The nutritional composition of the invention, and especially the infant formula, generally contains a source of protein, a source of carbohydrates, and a source of lipids. However, in some embodiments, especially if the nutritional composition of the invention is a supplement or a fortifier, it may contain only lipids (or a source of lipids). The nutritional composition according to the invention may contain a source of protein. The protein may be in an amount of 1.6 to 3 g per 100 kcal. In some embodiments, especially when the composition is intended for premature infants / young children, the amount of protein may be between 2.4 and 4 g / 100 kcal or more than 3.6 g / 100 kcal. In some other embodiments, the amount of protein may be less than 2.0 g per 100 kcal, e.g., between 1.8 and 2 g / 100 kcal, or in an amount less than 1.8 g per 100 kcal. Protein sources based on, for example, whey, casein, and mixtures thereof, as well as plant-based protein sources, such as soy, can also be used. With regard to whey proteins, the protein source may be based on acid whey or sweet whey, or mixtures thereof, and may include alpha-dactoabolic-albumin and beta-phospholipid in any desired proportion. In some formulations, the protein source is predominantly whey (i.e., more than 50% of the protein comes from whey protein, such as 60% or 70%). The proteins may be intact or hydrolyzed, or they may be a mixture of intact and hydrolyzed proteins.The term “intact” means that most of the proteins are intact, that is, their molecular structure is not altered. For example, at least 80% of the proteins are unaltered, or at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, or even more preferably at least 95%, or at least 98%. In one particular modality, 100% of the proteins are unaltered. The term “hydrolyzed” means, in the context of the present invention, a protein that has been hydrolyzed or broken down into its component amino acids. Proteins can be hydrolyzed completely or partially. If hydrolyzed proteins are required, the hydrolysis process can be carried out as desired and as is known in the art. For example, whey protein hydrolysates can be prepared by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whey fraction in one or more stages. If the whey fraction used as the starting material is substantially lactose-free, the protein is found to suffer much less lysine blockage during the hydrolysis process. This makes it possible to reduce the degree of lysine blockage from approximately 15% by weight of total lysine to less than approximately 10% by weight of lysine; for example, approximately 7% by weight of lysine, which greatly improves the nutritional quality of the protein source. In one particular formulation, the proteins in the composition are hydrolyzed, either completely or partially. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the protein can be between 2 and 20, 8 and 40, 20 and 60, 20 and 80, or higher than 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 90. For example, nutritional compositions containing hydrolysates with a degree of hydrolysis of less than approximately 15% are commercially available from Nestlé Company under the registered trademark Peptamen®. At least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 97% of the proteins can be hydrolyzed. In one particular formulation, 100% of the proteins are hydrolyzed. In one particular modality, the proteins in the composition are plant-based proteins. The nutritional composition according to the present invention may contain a source of carbohydrate. This is particularly preferred in the case where the nutritional composition of the invention is an infant formula. In this case, any carbohydrate formula conventionally found in infant formulas may be used. Infant formulas, such as lactose, sucrose, maltodextrin, starch, and mixtures thereof, although one of the preferred sources of carbohydrates for infant formulas is lactose. The nutritional composition of the invention may also contain all the vitamins and minerals understood to be essential in the daily diet and in nutritionally significant amounts. Minimum requirements have been established for certain vitamins and minerals. Examples of vitamins and other nutrients optionally present in the composition of the invention include vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid, inositol, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, choline, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, iron, magnesium, copper, zinc, manganese, chlorine, potassium, sodium, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, taurine, and L-carnitine.Usually, minerals are added in the form of salt. The presence and amounts of specific minerals and other vitamins will vary depending on the target population. If necessary, the nutritional composition of the invention may contain emulsifiers and stabilizers, such as soy, lecithin, citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides, and the like. The nutritional composition of the invention may also contain other substances that may have a beneficial effect, such as lactoferrin, osteopontin, TGF-beta, slgA, glutamine, nucleotides, nucleosides, and the like. The composition of the invention may further comprise at least one non-digestible oligosaccharide (e.g., prebiotics). These are usually present in an amount between 0.3 and 5% by weight of the composition.Prebiotics are usually non-digestible in the sense that they are not broken down and absorbed in the stomach or small intestine and thus remain intact when they pass into the colon, where they are selectively fermented by beneficial bacteria.25 Examples of prebiotics include two oligosaccharides, such as truetooligosaccharides. (FOS), inulin, xanthan oligosaccharides (XOS), polydextrose, and mixtures thereof. In one particular embodiment, the prebiotics may be fructooligosaccharides and / or inulin. In a specific embodiment, the prebiotics are a combination of FOS with inulin, as in the product marketed by BENEOOrafti under the registered trademark Orafti® oligofructose (formerly Raftilose®) or in the product marketed by BENEOOrafti under the registered trademark Orafti® inulin (Preyiameni© Raftilose®). Another example is a combination of 70% short-chain fructooligosaccharides and 30% inulin, registered by Nestlé under the trademark “Predio Ti.” The nutritional composition of the invention may further comprise a milk oligosaccharide, which may be a BMO (bovine milk oligosaccharide) and / or a HMO (human milk oligosaccharides). The composition of the present invention may further comprise at least one probiotic (or probiotic strain), such as a probiotic bacterial strain. The most commonly used probiotic microorganisms are primarily bacteria and yeasts of the following genera: Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enteroosocus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Saccharomyces spp. In some specific forms, the probiotic is a probiotic bacterial strain. In some specific forms, it is Bifidobacteria and / or Lactobacilli. The nutritional composition according to the invention may contain from 10e3 to 10e12 ufe of a probiotic strain, with greater preference, between 10e7 and 10e12 ufe such as between 10e8 and 10e10 ufe of probiotic strain per g of composition based on dry weight. In one embodiment, the probiotics are viable. In another embodiment, the probiotics are non-replicating or inactivated. Furthermore, they may be parts of probiotics, such as cell wall components or products of probiotic metabolism. In some other embodiments, there may be both viable and inactivated probiotics. The nutritional composition of the invention may further comprise at least one phage (bacteriophage) or a mixture of phages, preferably directed against pathogenic Streptococci, Haemophilus, Moraxella, and Staphylococcus. The nutritional composition according to the present invention in one embodiment may be a dairy product. Dairy products are products comprising milk-based products. Dairy products are generally manufactured from a suitable mixture of milk protein concentrate and fat sources. Dairy products may be acidified. Dairy products include ready-to-drink milk-based beverages, concentrated milk, evaporated milk, sweetened and condensed milk, powdered milk, yogurt, fresh cheese, cheese, ice cream, and dairy spreads such as fresh spreadable cheese, heavy cream, and cream cheese. Powdered milk may be manufactured, for example, by spray drying or freeze-drying. Depending on their fat content, dairy products can be made from full-fat or whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk, or low-fat milk. Skimmed milk is milk that contains less than 0.1% milk fat. Semi-skimmed milk contains between 1.5% and 2.5% milk fat. Full-fat milk is usually whole milk containing 3% to 4% fat. The exact fat content of skimmed, semi-skimmed, and full-fat milk depends primarily on local food regulations. Dairy products are generally made from cow's milk. Dairy products can also be made from buffalo milk, yak milk, goat milk, sheep milk, mare's milk, donkey milk, camel milk, reindeer milk, moose milk, or combinations of these. 5. Acidified dairy products can be obtained by fermentation with suitable microorganisms. Fermentation provides flavor and acidity to the dairy product. It can also affect the texture of the dairy product. Furthermore, the microorganisms used in fermentation are selected for their ability to ferment milk into a consumable fermented dairy product. Usually, these microorganisms are known for their beneficial properties. Such microorganisms include lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Some of these microorganisms can be considered probiotics. Examples of lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, both involved in the production of yogurt, or other lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Bifidobacterium, Pediococcus, or any mixture thereof. Another example of fermented dairy products, also known as cultured dairy products or cultured milks, is cultured buttermilk fermented with Lactococcus lactis (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar, diacetylactis) and / or Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. The microorganisms may be live or inactivated. Dairy analogues are products made in a similar way to the dairy products mentioned above, but where a non-milk protein source and / or a non-dairy edible fat source is used (wholly or partially).Suitable protein sources include plant proteins such as soy, potato, and pea. Suitable fat sources include oils and fats of vegetable or marine origin. The terms fats and oils are used interchangeably. Similar preparations mentioned above. They intend to include processes for products in which a traditional whey separation stage is omitted because the fermentation of the product's dairy analogue allows this stage to be skipped. The nutnolonatal composition according to the invention can be prepared in any suitable manner. For example, a formula such as infant formula can be prepared by mixing together the protein source, carbohydrate source, and fat source in appropriate proportions. If used, emulsifiers can be added at this point. Vitamins and minerals can be added at this point, but are also added later to avoid thermal degradation. Any lipophilic vitamins, emulsifiers, and the like can be dissolved in the fat source before mixing. Water, preferably reverse osmosis water, can then be mixed in to form a liquid mixture. The water temperature is conveniently in the range of approximately 50°C to approximately 80°C to aid in the dispersion of the ingredients. Commercially available liquefying agents can be used to form the liquid mixture. Any oligosammonium compound can be added at this stage, especially if the final product will be in liquid form. If the final product will be a powder, it can also be added at this stage, if desired. Then, the liquid mixture is homogenized, for example, in two stages. In one embodiment, the nutñotona composition of the invention is administered to the infant or young child as a complementary composition to breast milk. The embodiment of the present invention may be, for example, in a solid (e.g., powder), liquid, or gelatinous form. The composition of the present invention may be, for example, in tablet, dragee, capsule, gal capsule, powder, granule, solution, emulsion, suspension, coated particle, spray-dried particle or pill form. The composition may be in the form of a pharmaceutical composition and may comprise one or more suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents and / or excipients. Examples of such excipients suitable for compositions described in the present description can be found in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 2nd edition, (1994), edited by A Wade and PJ Weller. Carriers or diluents acceptable for therapeutic use are well known in pharmaceutical technique and are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co, (AR Gennaro edlt 1985). Pharmaceutical compositions may comprise, as the carrier, excipient or diluent, or in addition to the carrier, excipient or diluent, any suitable binder(s), lubricant(s), suspending agent(s), coating agent(s) and / or solubilizing agent(s). Examples of suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose, anhydrous lactose, free-flowing lactose, beta lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose and polyate glycol. Examples of suitable lubricants include sodium gleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, and the like. The composition may include preservatives, stabilizers, colorants, and even flavoring agents. Examples of preservatives include sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters. Antioxidants and suspending agents may also be used. Gastrointestinal health The compounds defined in this description are a source of butyrate / butyric acid and can therefore be used to improve or maintain gastrointestinal (Gt) health. In one modality, the compounds and compositions defined in this description can be used to treat intestinal inflammation, for example, Grabo's disease or ulcerative colitis. The multiple beneficial effects of butyrate on GI health are well documented. At the initial level, butyrate plays a regulatory role in transepithelial fluid transport, mucosal inflammation and oxidative status, strengthens the epithelial barrier, and modulates visceral sensitivity and intestinal motility. Fatty acids, including butyric acid, are an important source of energy for colonic mucosal cells (Roedriger, Gut 1980; 21: 793-798), and of paramount importance for colonocytes in the distal colon. The strong trophic effect of butyric acid on the mucosal membrane of the small intestine has been observed in experimental animals (Guilóteau et al., J Anim Feed Set 2004; 13, Suppl 1: 393-396). A decrease in intestinal butyric acid concentration leads to colonic mucosal atrophy, which is usually explained by the decreased availability of substrates for colonocytes. Furthermore, the administration of butyrate into the lumen of the colon induces weight gain, an increase in DNA synthesis and the depth of intestinal crypts (Kripke et al., J Parenter Enter 1989; 13: 109116). An alpha concentration of butyric acid achieved through fermentation of insoluble dietary fiber or after anal administration of butyrate can inhibit early and late stages of colon oncogenesis through regulation of transcription, expression and activation of key proteins of the apoplectic cascade (Avivi5 Greeri et al„ J Ñute 2002; 132 (7): 1812-18). Chapman et al. (Gut 1994; 35(1): 73-76) showed that inflamed colonic mucosa captures more butyrate than glutamine or glucose. Experiments have demonstrated that butyrate perfusions result in a significant reduction of inflammation and a decrease in the degree of ulceration of the colon wall in rats (Andoh et al., J Parenter Enter Nütr. 1999; 23(5): 70-73). The effectiveness of butyrate enemas has been demonstrated by clinical observations in patients with ulcerative colitis (Han et al, Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1999; 28; 423-443; Scheppach et al., Gastroenterol Suppí. 1997; 222; 53-57). The direct anti-inflammatory activity of butyrate may be connected with the inhibition of nuclear factor KappaB (NFKB) migration and its DNA binding, and by the same evidence the inhibition of transcription and production of pro-inflammatory anthokines (Segain et al., Gut. 2000; 47: 397-403). Consequently, the triglyceride compounds used in the present invention, which are a source of butyrate, can provide a significant role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and GL health. Administration Preferably, the compounds and compositions described herein are administered via enteral feeding. Enteral administration can be, for example, oral or gastric. In general terms, the administration of the combination or composition described in this description may be, for example, orally or by another route in the gastrointestinal tract, for example, administration may be by tube feeding. The subject can be a mammal such as a human, canine, feline, equine, caprine, bovine, ovine, porcine, cervid, or primate. Preferably, the subject is a human. Examples Example 1 ~ Preparation of butyrate entity containing triglycerides The compositions comprising butyrate containing triglycerides were generated by chemical interesterification between tributyrin and high oleic sunflower oil in the presence of a catalyst such as sodium methanoate. A molar excess of tributyrin was used compared to high oleic sunflower oil. The three reagents—tributyrin, high oleic sunflower oil, and the catalyst—were mixed together in a reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere and then heated under stirring at 80°C for 3 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the product was washed with water and dried under vacuum (25 mbar at 60°C for 2 hours). The resulting oil product was then subjected to a decolorization step using bleaching earth and purified by both short-path distillation (130°C, 0.001–0.003 mbar) and deodorization (160°C, 2 mbar, 2 hours) with steam injection. The constituents, primarily triglycerides, of the resulting oil compositions are shown below in Table 1. These triglycerides are represented by the three fatty acids they contain. These fatty acids are 2S represented by their lipid number®: 4:0 for butyrate, 16:0 for palmitate, 18:1 for stearate, 18:1 for stearate, and 18:2 for linoleate. The fatty acid in the middle is located in the sn-2 position in the triglyceride. As an example, 16:0-4:0-18:1 represents two different glycosides that both have a butyrate in the sn-2 position and a palmitate in the sn-1 position and an oleate in the sn-3 position, or an oleate in the sn-2 position and a palmitate in the sn-3 position. The profile of triglycerides and regioisomers were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The proportion of lipid classes was evaluated by liquid chromatography coupled to evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Table 1. Profile of toqglyceride reqioisomer fa / IOQdl Tilgiicéndc¡ regiotsótnerai (g / lOO gj Composition 4:0-4:0-4:0 ÁMóíMíO <0.4-4.7 0.8-1.O 4:0-18:2-4:0 4.0-6.3 4:0-4:0-18:1 4:0-18:1-4:0 3.0-8.1 16.2-27.0 4:0-18:0-4:0 4:0-22:0-4:0 4:ΐΜ 6:0-18:1 0.8-1.3 £04 1.1-1.5 10-40-18:1 0.5-0.7 4:0-18:1-10:0 1.2-1.6 4:0-18:1-18:2 2.6-3.1 18:1-4:0-18:2 1.1-1.8 tQ. í 18:1-10:1-4:0 23.3-25.8 18:1-4:0-18:1 334.8 4:0-18:1-18:0 VV* Lo 18:1-48:1-1610 0.8-1.4 18:1-18:1-18:2 1.3-1.5 l Q. | *} ΪΚ>5 1 18:1-18:1-18:1 6.1-10.7 18:1-18:1-13:0 0.5-0.8 Total 83.1-94.1 EO tes samples of the composition, the two most abundant 'riglíítendns are 4:0-18:1-4,-0 and 1-8:1-18.:1-4:0, together representing approximately 40 to 50 g / 100 g. Example 2 - Aroma properties of the entity butyrate contains glycosides An aroma comparison of a solution including butyrate containing triglycerides (composed mainly of butyric and oleic fatty acids) was compared with a solution containing sodium butyrate. Sample preparation Solutions including butyrate containing triglycerides (see Example 1) or sodium butyrate were prepared and stored at 4°C before delivery to the sensory panel. Each 250 ml solution contained 600 mg of butyric acid (equivalent to one capsule of sodium butyrate commercially available as a supplement; concentration of 2.4 mg / mi) and 1% w / v of BEBA Optipro 1 infant formula in acidified, deionized water. The samples were prepared the day before the test, by placing 4 ml of each solution (triglyceride butyrate solution; sodium butyrate solution) into AgilenL containers Methodology The 'two-out-of-five test' was conducted. In this test, the criminal lawyer is given five samples. The panelist is instructed to identify the two samples that are different from the others. The order in which the samples are presented is randomly determined to avoid bias based on the order of presentation. In addition to the two-out-of-five test, a comment box was presented to the panelists so they could comment on the nature of the perceived difference (e.g., aroma intensity, aroma quality). Results The five samples were presented simultaneously to the panelists. They were asked to uncover, smell, and then recover each container in a specific order. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Number of responses Number of correct answers importance pco^eoi*** The P value was calculated using a binomial test carried out with Fizz software (Biosystemes, France). The panelists who gave the correct answers (butyrate entity containing TAG other than sodium butyrate) mentioned that sodium butyrate smells like “cheese,” while for the butyrate entity samples containing TAG, this “cheese” smell decreased considerably and the smell was quite neutral. Example 3 - Taste properties of butyrate entity that contains triglycerides This comparative sensory evaluation of a solution including butyrate entity containing triglycerides (see Example 1) composed mainly of 15 fatty acids oleate and butyric was carried out against a solution containing tributyrin. Sample preparation: One scoop (4.6 g) of BEBA Gptipro 1 infant formula was added to hot water (boiled and cooled tap water as per instructions) to a final volume of 150 ml (approximately 3% w / v solution). Each form of butyrate triglyceride was weighed separately to provide 600 mg of butyrate, and the infant formula was added to a final volume of 50 ml for each solution. Solution A included butyrate, which contains triglycerides (see Example 1); and solution B contained tributyrin. Mefoásloaía A group of panefetas performed a repeated blind code tasting. The samples were prepared just before the preliminary bitterness assessment, and each solution was vigorously shaken. The test cups labeled A and B were filled at the same time with a small volume of the respective solution. The two samples were presented simultaneously to the panelists. They were asked to taste the solution by taking a sip and spitting it out, and to rate the perceived bitterness on a scale of 0 to 10; where 0 is no perceived bitterness and 10 is similar to the maximum imaginable bitterness. Results The panelists rated the bitterness of Solution A at 4.33 ± 1.62, mean ± SD. The panelists rated the bitterness of Solution B at 8.33 t 1.52, mean ± SD. These data show that the butyrate-containing entity with composition ΐδ TAG in the infant formula was noticeably less bitter in taste compared to tributin. Example 4 — Taste properties 1,3-dibutyl-2-palmitoylglycerol 1,3-dibutyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (BPB) was synthesized as a single compound using the following synthesis: Ks Gossip Asi<í¡> is.hr.o Desaft'.Waw'ri p autumn ÑaSH, RsíXííC® OH Aii-isoah35 BP8 was evaluated in a descriptive sensory panel assessment and was found to be neutral in taste and smell. Example 5 - Digestion of butyrate entity that contains triglycerides S 5.1 Materials Sodium taurocholate, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, maleic acid, trifhterox^^ pepsin (porcine, 800-111 2500 Ui^, P7000, activities used 674 U / mg and 561 U / mg), pancreatin (porcine, USP x 8, P7585) and porcine bile extract (total bile salt content - 49% by weight; with 10-15% glycodeoxycholic acid, 3-9% taurodeoxycholic acid, 0.5-7% deoxycholic acid; foeflipids 5%, BS631) were used as obtained and purchased from Sígma-Aldrlch (St Louis, MO, USA). Rabbit gastric extract (RGE 70 & 70 U / ml RGL and 280 U / ml pepsin) was purchased from Lipolytech (Marseille, France). All water used in this study was purified Milli Q quality, Tributyrin (food grade) from Sígma, high oleic sunflower oil from Florin. Interesterified triglycerides were obtained by chemical interesterification with sodium methanoate (from Evóník) as a catalyst. 5.2 Emulsion Preparation A 10 wt% oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with 0.3 wt% polyoxyethylene sorbitan monotheate (Tween® 80) was prepared by mixing Tween 80 into the oil phase at 40°C. This was then mixed with the aqueous phase using a magnetic stirrer. An emulsion was subsequently created using a Hielscher UP 400S ultrasonic probe homogenizer equipped with a 5 mm diameter wand probe by applying 100% amplitude at 100% duty cycle for 2 minutes while the sample was cooled with ice water. 5.3 Granutometry The droplet size of each lipid emulsion was measured by laser light scattering using a Mastersizer 3000 equipped with a Hydro SM from Maivern Instruments (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). The laser specifications of the two lasers were 4 mW at 632.8 nm and 10 mW at 470 nm. The samples were diluted to approximately 0.002 wt% to avoid multiple scattering effects. Particle size information for the emulsion was then obtained by best fitting the light scattering theory (Mie) to the measured particle size distribution. A refractive index of 1.456 and an adsorption of 0.01 were used for the oil phase. The emulsion particle sizes were estimated as two values, the 10 average surface diameter of volume D3,2 (D3,2 % Pnidi 3 / nidi 2) or the average length diameter of volume D43 (D4,3 % Pnidi 4 / nidi 3).The emulsion particle size results are an average of three measurements from two freshly prepared emulsions. 5.4 Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sided t-test with unequal variances using igor Pro software. 5.5 Digestion m ^rp The lipid emulsion (2 ml) containing 200 mg of fat was subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis. Digestions were carried out in 20 ml thermosetting glass vessels (37°C > 100°F) in a pH-STAT controlled configuration using two TIM 856 pH-STAT probes (Radiometer Analytical, France). For gastric digestion, the sample was incubated for 90 minutes with 3.5 ml of simulated gastric fluid (SGF), consisting of 150 mM NaCl, 450 U / ml pepsin, and 18 U / ml rabbit gastric lipase at 37°C and pH 5.5. Digestion was initiated by adding 8 U / ml tributyrin (TBU) activity (determined at pH 5.4) to rabbit gastric lipase.The intestinal digestion stage was carried out in the pH stai where the pH was maintained constant at 6.8 by the addition of NaQH (0.05 M). A bile salt solution (bile salts prepared with Tris buffer, 5 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl) and a calcium solution (20 mM Ca, 176.5 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl) were added to the SGF sample mixture. This mixture was transferred to the pH-atat, where the pH was adjusted to approximately 6.78. The intestinal digestion stage began when the temperature reached 37 ± 0.5 °C. The pH was adjusted to 6.8, and after a two-minute incubation at this pH and temperature, a pancreatin solution (5 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl at pH 6.8) was added. The final composition of the intestinal fluid was 10 mM of CaCk, 12 mM of mixed bile salts, 0.75 mM of phospholipid, 150 mM of NaCl, and 4 mM of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane regulator. The intestinal digestion stage was carried out for 3 hours in a Radlometer titration manager.During the intestinal phase of digestion, the digestion kinetics were monitored using a pH-stat technique (TIM856, Radiometer) and expressed as titratable acid (instead of fatty acid) which was calculated using the equation:. TA = x 0.05 x 1000 TA; Total titratable acid released, mmol; V^gm- volume of NaOH used to titrate if acid released in 3 h, ml. 5.6 Results □Given that the digestion of dietary lipids includes lipases of gastric and intestinal origin, lipid digestibility was evaluated using two digestion models: i) stimulated intestinal fluid (SIF) with porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) and ii) sequential digestion in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) with rabbit gastric lipase 25 (ROL) followed by simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) with porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL). All lipids were emulsified using polyoxyethphene sorbitan mono-oil (Tween® 80) and had similar particle size distributions and specific surface areas (Figure 2), meaning that the digestion differences are generated predominantly from the molecular structure of the triglycerides. 5 Figure 11 AC shows the digestion of tributaire (C4), high oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO, largely C1&1) and butyrate-containing triglycerides according to the invention, generated by chemical interesterification between tributaire and high oleic sunflower oil (see Example 1)X4-ϋ18:Tj by porcine pancreatic lipase (from pancreatic) in the presence of bile and mixed fallout (SIF model). Lipids 10 generally exhibit the same lipolysis behavior, undergoing an initial rapid period of lipolysis during the first 16 minutes which gradually decreases during the final 2.5 hours of simulated intestinal digestion.The C4 triglyceride exhibited a maximum initial lipolysis rate of 223 ± 59 pmol / min. The initial lipolysis rate for high-oleic sunflower oil, 34.5 ± 2.3 pmol / min, was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than that of the short-chain triglyceride, C4-C18:1, which exhibited an initial hydrolysis rate of 153 ± 47 pmol / min. In general, all triglycerides were observed to be rapidly and extensively digested in the presence of porcine pancreatic lipase. The triglycerides were then digested using the SGF (RGL) SIF (PPL) 20 sequence model; digestion in the SIF compartment is shown in Figure 1ii AC. No measurements were taken in the gastric compartment due to the limited ionization of the target fatty acids. Compared to when digested with SIF alone, C4 and C1&1 triglycerides generally released less titratable acid during 3 hours of digestion.The effect is greater with tributiriña, which has a significantly lower initial lipolysis rate (p < 0.0001) 44.1 ± 8.8 pmd.mih'1 during digestion of. 5 SGF-SIF compared to SIF alone .223 i 59 pmol / min. The total amount of acid released after SGF-SIF digestion of tributyrin (381 i 20 pmol) is almost 1 / 3 the amount released after SIF digestion alone (958 ± 12.5 pmol). These results clearly indicate that there is considerable tributyrin digestion within the gastric compartment of the model. When sequentially exposed to SGF and SIF, the lipolysis rate of SIF of the C4-C1 triglyceride-containing butyrate entity is 124 ± 29 pmol / min, showing a slight but not significant decrease compared to SIF alone (124 ± 20 pmol / min). The most interesting observation is the influence of the secondary fatty acid chain on the decrease in SIF lipolysis caused by RGL pre-exposure. Originally, tributyrin exhibited a decrease of 60.2% (147 ± 7).6 pmol) in the release of total fatty acids during SIF lipolysis after RGL pre-exposure in SGF. In comparison, interesterified C4-C18:1 triglycerides exhibited a decrease of 6.1% (45 ± 7.6 pmol). 15 The full extent of lipid digestion after SIF and SGF-SIF is presented in Figure 2 for the three triglycerides by forward and reverse titration. Since many fatty acids are only partially ionized at pH 6.8, forward titration gives only a partial picture of the degree of lipid digestion; instead, reverse titration at pH 11.5 or GC-FAME analysis is required to calculate the full degree of digestion. 20 25 The results of the reverse titration for the three glycerides show that tributin and the C4-C18;1 triglyceride-containing butyrate entity underwent digestion of 101.5 ±0.9% and 101 ± 1.6% respectively, indicating the release of three fatty acids per molecule for complete digestion.In general, it was observed that tributyrin underwent extensive hydrolysis in the stomach, while the triglyceride from high oleic sunflower oil underwent hydrolysis. 4Q very limited in the stomach. Surprisingly, it was observed that the triglyceride-containing buffet entity generated through the interestenphylaxis of O4 with long-chain fatty acids (O4-O18:1) decreased the degree of gastric lipolysis of C4 fatty acids. The β-butyrin underwent lipolysis of ~6% by gastric lipase as indicated by the decrease in total fatty acid release during SIF lipolysis after pre-exposure to RGL in SGF. In comparison, the C4-Q18:1 triglyceride-containing buffet entity exhibited only a 6.1% decrease in total fatty acid release in SGFGIF.These results suggest that interesterification of C4 with long-chain fatty acids (C4~C18:1) modulates the release of butyric acid within the stomach for later release in the intestine after digestion, and that the design of structured lipids alters the timing (but not the degree) of delivery of short-chain fatty acids in the gastrointestinal tract.

Claims

1. Use of a compound having the formula or combinations thereof, to provide a source of butyrate with improved organoleptic properties characterized in that R*, R2, R3, R1J and Ru are independently a long-chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound or combinations thereof are present in a nutritional composition, preferably a food supplement, an infant formula or a follow-up formula.

3. A food supplement for providing a source of butyrate comprising a compound having the formula AA m I , m I . gkor1 ócuore Γ AI —$ ·*. >. , cruon5 or combinations thereof, characterized in that R\ R\ R\ R4, Rs and Rs are independently a long-chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons.

4. A food supplement according to claim 3 in the form of a capsule, tablet, sachet or powder.

5. An infant formula or follow-on formula comprising a compound having the formula or combinations thereof, characterized in that R5, R2, R3, R4, Rs and Rü are independently a long-chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons.

6. An infant formula or follow-on formula according to claim 5 for providing a source of butyrate.

7. A compound having the formula or combinations thereof, for use in the improvement or maintenance of gastrointestinal health (G). wherein R\ R¿, R2 R4, Rs and R$ are independently a long-chain fatty acid having between 16 and 20 carbons, 8. Use according to 1 or 2, a food supplement according to claim 3 or 4, an infant or follow-on formula according to claim 5 or 6, or a compound for use according to claim 7, characterized in that a combination of a compound having formula (1) and a compound having formula (2) is used, preferably wherein the combination is present in a composition comprising a compound having formula (1) in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, and a compound having formula (2) in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, θ< Use according to 1 or 2, a food supplement according to claim 3 or 4, an infant or follow-on formula according to claim 5 or 6, or a compound for use according to claim 7,characterized in that a combination of a compound having formula (1) and a compound having formula (2) is used, and wherein the combination is present in a composition comprising a compound having formula (1) in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the whole butyrate-containing triglyceride entity in the composition, and a compound having formula (2) in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the whole butyrate-containing triglyceride entity in the composition.

10. Use according to claim 1, 2, 8 or 9, a food supplement according to claim 3, 4, 8 or 9, an infant or follow-on formula according to claim 5, 8 or 9, or a compound for use according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that a combination of a compound having formula (1) and a compound having formula (2) is used.a compound having formula (3) and a compound having formula (4).

11. Use according to claim 1, 2 or 8-10, a food supplement according to claim 3, 4 or 8-10, an infant or follow-on formula according to claim 5, 6 or 8-10 or a compound for use according to claim 7, or 8-10, characterized in that R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and / or R1 is an unsaturated fatty acid, preferably monounsaturated.

12. Use according to claim 1, 2 or 8-10, a food supplement according to claim 3, 4 or 8-10, an infant or follow-on formula according to claim 5, 6 or 8-10 or a compound for use according to claim 7, or 8-10, characterized in that R, R2, R3, R', R2 and / or R® is selected from the group consisting of oleate acid, palmitic acid, or linoteic acid.

13. Use according to claim 1, 2 or 8-10, a food supplement according to claim 3, 4 or 8-10, an infant or follow-on formula according to claim 5, δ or 8-10 or a compound for use according to claim 7 or 8-10, characterized in that each of R\ R2, R3, R\ R- and R3 is olete acid.

14. A composition comprising compounds having the formulas O HC--X(CH2^H3 O O'' ^(CH^ (CH2}ZCH3 20 characterized in that the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 10% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, and wherein the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 10% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition.

15. A composition according to claim 14, characterized in that the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 15% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, and wherein the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 20% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition.

16. A composition according to claim 14 or 15 further comprising a compound having the formula H2C-O' '(CH^ ^(CH2j?CH3 (?) ”^(CH2}7CH3 10 preferably characterized in that the compound having formula (7) comprises at least 2% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, and / or further comprises a compound having formula O preferably wherein the compound having formula (8) comprises at least 2% by weight of the total triglycerides in the composition, 17. A composition comprising compounds having the formulas IO HC-O H2C 10 characterized in that the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 10% by weight of the whole triglyceride-containing butyrate entity in the composition, and wherein the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 10% by weight of the whole triglyceride-containing butyrate entity in the composition.

18. A composition according to claim 17 characterized in that the compound having formula (5) comprises at least 15%, preferably at least 20% by weight, of the whole triglyceride-containing butyrate entity in the composition, and wherein the compound having formula (6) comprises at least 20% by weight of the whole triglyceride-containing butyrate entity in the composition.

19. A composition according to claim 17 or 18 further comprising the compound having formula (7), preferably 20 characterized in that the compound having formula (7) comprises at least 2% by weight of the whole triglyceride-containing butyrate entity in the composition, and / or further comprising the compound having formula (8), preferably wherein the compound having formula (8) comprises at least 2% by weight of the whole triglyceride-containing butyrate entity in the composition.

20. A composition according to any one of claims 14 to 19 further comprising 1,3-dípütínl-2~linol^ 1,3~d¡bütml”2~ estearoylglycerol 1 4Htórfl-2-oleoil>3^^ l.-palmltoyl-2-oleGi^ 1 όϋΰΗ^2*<)Ιβρί^34^^ 14inoíeoil-2toleoO^ 1-olsA2'but^ linoleoilgfcerol 14inofeoyl~2~butinl~3-o^^^ 1 -butyryl-2-IÍnoleoil''3-oleoílglíoérol, 1-oleoyl· 2-iinoleoi|-3-butiriíg ílcerol, 1 -butynl'2-stearoyl~3~ote^^ 1OleoiE2-stearoi I-3butyriglycerol, 1-butyryl-2-ofeQO^ 1-stearoyl-2-oteoyl-3-buWgte^ 1,2dioleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol 1 -palmitoyl-SJ-dio^ 1 .S-dioleoyl-S-linotaoylglycerói and / or 1 linoíeoií'2t3~dfoleoilgiterol.

21. A composition according to any one of claims 17 to 20 characterized in that the composition is a hydrolytic composition 22. A composition according to any one of claims 14 to 20 characterized in that the composition is an infant formula, a follow-on formula or a food supplement.

23. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 14 to 22 to provide a source of burate with improved organoleptic properties 24. A composition according to any one of claims 14 to 22 for improving or maintaining gastrointestinal health