SYSTEM FOR REVERSIBLY CONVERTING STADIUMS INTO MULTIFUNCTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES

Abstract

System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures by removing and storing the playing field in a pit (6), where said playing field comprises: a set of trays (1) of total length equal to that of the playing field in the longitudinal direction of the pit (6), movable, self-supporting and with the layers of ground, irrigation and turf; a set of transport trolleys (2) for lifting and moving each tray (1) from its position on the playing field to the pit (6); a set of retractable lattices (5), deployable over the pit (6) for the entry of each tray (1) on its vertical surface; a lifting system (8) inside the pit (6) to move each tray to its final, storage position, or on the playing field; and a storage system (7) to store each tray in a fixed and stable position.

Description

SYSTEM FOR REVERSIBLY CONVERTING STADIUMS INTO MULTIFUNCTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURES FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention belongs to the technical field of architecture and its industrial infrastructure, and more specifically to stadiums for events in general, and sporting events in particular, whether already built or newly constructed. These stadiums are understood as venues that combine a large central space for sporting events and other activities with a large seating capacity for spectators. The invention relates to a set of systems and mechanisms for converting them into multifunctional infrastructures. This allows them to exponentially increase their business potential by enabling them to continuously host almost any event, from trade fairs to other sporting events, congresses, concerts, and so on. These events are mostly incompatible with the natural or artificial grass playing field on which sporting events are held, which in most cases constitute the predominant event for which the stadium was designed. The invention specifically relates to the fact that the playing field is constructed by means of a set of transportable trays, which are removed to a pit located within the stadium, but preferably outside the perimeter of the playing field itself, and which can be extracted and replaced in their original location for sports practice, by means of a set of systems and mechanisms that are the subject of the invention. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Currently, there are already numerous technical approaches to converting stadiums into multifunctional facilities. It is true that most are focused on newly built stadiums, are very complex and expensive, are not focused on the care and maintenance of the grass in a controlled environment, and, moreover, most would not be valid for stadiums already built and in operation. WO2018 / 001955A2 describes a method for constructing turf sports fields by deploying and installing several rectangular turf modules that are joined together both lengthwise and crosswise to form the playing surface, focusing on the details of the joints between modules. WO2013 / 002649A1 concerns a modern football stadium with a fixed support base and an opening that provides access to a storage area for the turf modules. Mobile modules are lifted through this opening, which is located within the playing surface. The modules are raised or lowered using a scissor mechanism. WO1994 / 020706A1 describes a hydraulic system for raising and lowering modules, also located beneath the playing surface. In short, various solutions have been established, some of them patented, attempting to transform stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures. However, all of these are difficult and costly to implement, based on modules and 90-degree joints that are not technically well-resolved and present many functional and maintenance problems. These solutions are primarily intended for newly constructed stadiums, not for existing ones, let alone those already in operation. Generally, they either relocate the playing field to an external area or encroach upon it for removal and storage using a set of stacked modules. These modules either do not allow for, or significantly increase the cost of, the care and treatment of the turf during storage.All these limitations mean that these innovations have not been widespread at all, and only a few stadiums worldwide have included specific systems from the initial design stages that allow them to remove and replace the playing field. These systems mostly limit the configuration of the stands and almost always extend the playing field beyond the stadium's boundaries, making them unsuitable for existing stadiums or those located in established urban areas where the only available space is the building's footprint. Furthermore, they are not truly in regular use because the entire operation of removing and replacing the playing field, usually natural grass, is not cost-effective. It is therefore desirable to have a system of mechanisms that allows stadiums, even those already built, to be easily converted into multifunctional infrastructures without affecting their original use; by constructing the playing field from a set of transportable trays that can be joined together in only one direction, which can be removed and stored in a pit located inside the stadium, but preferably outside the perimeter of the playing field, for the realization of any other type of event, and which can be returned to their original location when necessary, without any prejudice to the configuration of the stands, nor any reduction in the conditions of the grass, whether natural or artificial, all by means of a system of mechanisms that is the subject of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the problems existing in the state of the art by means of a set of structures and mechanisms that easily and quickly allow converting an already built stadium into a multifunctional infrastructure by removing and storing the playing field in an automated manner in a pit built preferably on one side of it. This invention is also compatible with its construction and implementation IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 without affecting the normal use for which the stadium was originally intended, for example, for playing football, using several of the available time windows between playing seasons. The invention is based on configuring the playing field by means of complete strips that, either longitudinally or transversely, make up the playing field by means of a number of them that join together only in the perpendicular direction, being in the other direction the total length of the playing field, and therefore without forming cross or 90° joints. The pit, in which the playing field is stored using trays that span the full length of the field in one direction, will preferably be built on the side perpendicular to that direction and therefore also to the movement required for the trays to be stored and / or removed. It will not affect the stands if there is sufficient space, or will have minimal impact on the affected side stand, which in that case will be rebuilt as a sectional, retractable stand to allow access and insertion / removal of the trays from the pit. The pit will be at least as long as the total length of the trays that fully define the playing field in that direction. The fact that the moat is built to one side of the playing field, without encroaching on it or only minimally encroaching on it, offers several important advantages. First, all the tiers can be identical, since in use they will all rest on firm ground with no difference in support between them. Furthermore, constructing the moat to one side, without occupying any space on the playing field, allows the entire system of this invention to be built without affecting the normal operation of sporting competitions, in the case of stadiums already in use, by utilizing the existing time windows between seasons. This would not be possible, even if it were another embodiment of the invention, if the moat had to significantly encroach on the playing field; in that case, some seasons could be affected by the construction of the moat and / or all its systems. In the present invention, the number of trays that make up the playing field is not very large. It is estimated to be between 5 and 8 if the trays are configured in the longitudinal direction of the playing field, in which case each tray is up to 144 m long and between 12 and 9 m wide, respectively. And between 8 and 14 if the trays are configured in the transverse direction, in which case they are approximately up to 70 m long and between 13 and 8 m wide, respectively. Each tray is stored vertically in a specially constructed pit, individually and with sufficient separation between them, the spacing increasing as each tray requires specific treatments within the pit. For example, if IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 The trays contain natural turf and require that their agronomic treatment—i.e., irrigation, lighting, mowing, etc.—be carried out within the pit, in a greenhouse-like environment, to ensure they are always in perfect condition. A vertical separation of approximately 2 meters will be provided between trays to allow for all these maintenance tasks. This would be compatible with keeping the natural turf removed, protected, treated, and in perfect condition within the pit, only removing it for the specific activity, generally sports, for which it is necessary.If, on the other hand, the natural grass trays are usually in their final exterior position, and are treated, maintained, and so on there, and are only removed and stored to carry out any other type of event in the stadium, the vertical separation of them within the moat can be considerably less and consequently the moat will have a significantly lower total vertical height. Briefly, the main elements and mechanisms that are the subject of this invention, in order to convert a stadium into a multifunctional infrastructure by removing and subsequently replacing the playing field, are set out below. These main elements are: trays configured in complete strips to form the playing field, which carry all the necessary structural elements, terrain and natural or artificial turf, etc., to be equivalent to a natural or artificial turf field, but installed on transportable self-supporting trays; a set of transport trolleys for lifting and subsequent horizontal transfer of each tray from its position on the playing field to the vertical of the pit, or alternatively, each tray could have its own motor for its transfer; a set of retractable lattices for the safe entry of each tray transported by the trolleys onto the vertical of the pit; a lifting system that allows each tray to be lowered to its final storage position, or raised from there; a storage system installed inside the pit to store each tray in a fixed and stable position;a system of folding stands, if necessary, which raises the stands in sections to allow the insertion of the tiers into the pit, and which fold down over it, covering and closing it, for the use of the stadium during the realization of any type of event, sporting or not; or simply a system of trapdoors in case the pit can be built in the auxiliary area between the field and the stands, to cover and close it.; Briefly, the sequence for removing and storing the playing field using the system that is the subject of this invention, in a preferred embodiment, is indicated below in a simplified manner. If there was not enough space to build the moat on one side of the playing field without encroaching on the existing stands, stands will have been installed that will be in sections IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 folding mechanisms and opening; subsequently, the set of transport trolleys will move from its stored position to a position below the first tray, and will raise it in a synchronized manner to a small height sufficient to allow its subsequent horizontal transport; the trolleys will transport the tray horizontally, in a synchronized manner, to the edge of the pit, and will lower it until it rests on the ground and allows the trolleys to be released; subsequently, the retractable lattices will extend over the pit and be anchored at their other end, with the trolleys on top of them; the trolleys will again pick up the tray and move it in a synchronized manner over the vertical of the pit, resting on the retractable lattices;The lifting system, designed to avoid encroaching on the entire surface area occupied by the tray above the pit during its vertical travel, will deploy a set of supports through which it will synchronously lift the tray slightly above its position, in order to release it from the transport trolleys and the retractable lattices on which they rest; the lattices will then be removed, taking the trolleys with them, allowing the lifting system to begin lowering the tray, in a synchronized manner with load and position control, to its destination storage position; the storage system will deploy the set of supports associated with the corresponding tray to receive it, which will be fixed once the lifting system descends below it, thus releasing and folding its supports to be available for the rest of the trays;The sequence will be repeated for the next tray, which will finally be stored in a position above the previous one; and so on until all the trays that make up the playing field have been removed, leaving a clear surface ready for any other type of event; finally, the retractable stands, if any, will be closed, covering the pit and thus all the trays that have been stored inside it. According to different embodiments of the invention, the transport carts can be complete and integrated, or subdivided into a master and a slave unit, mechanically linked to optimize the system. In this case, the master cart would house all the motors, while the slave cart would house the mechanism for closing the joint between the trays. This preferred embodiment optimizes the functionality of each cart, simplifies its design, and facilitates the arrangement of the carts so that their most sensitive parts can be located on the outer sides of the trays, providing much better accessibility for any maintenance, repair, replacement, etc. The carts, which are always autonomous, can be guided by rails or by an inductive guidance system. In another embodiment of the invention, each tray will directly carry its own motor for its translation, in such a way that the transport trolleys and the need for lifting movement on them are eliminated, and the trays can be structurally more robust and require less height since it does not require the trolleys to be able to enter underneath them; on the contrary, many more motors will be necessary, on the order of multiplying them by the number of trays, and when they are extracted, forming the playing field, they will be supported directly on their guidance systems and not on the support slab, with the need for additional lateral fixing means. The retractable lattice slabs will preferably be twice the length of the pit's width to allow them to roll only on their support base. Furthermore, when counterweighted, they will be able to enter and exit the pit safely without requiring a double roll. If space for the slabs is limited, in another embodiment of the invention they could be approximately half the length, only slightly more than the width of the pit. In this case, they would require a double roll for safe access to the pit, and it would be necessary to implement dual guidance on the transport trolleys: one guide when moving over the slab, and another when moving over the field slab. This would allow them to move when the slab is already deployed over the pit, and the trolleys need to retract the tray.In any case, each retractable lattice will always be equipped with both centering systems and anchoring systems at both ends to ensure the reliability and security of its maneuvers. Both of the previous materializations of the retractable lattices are focused on the lattices being located on the field side and extending over the moat towards the stands side, all of this compatible with the advantage of not affecting the stands or doing so as little as possible, or that even having to rebuild a side stand there are also space limitations under that stand to be able to take the installation of the lattices to the stands side, all of which may be common in stadiums already built and therefore with conditions of limited configuration and space.Because if all these limitations could be overcome, another embodiment of the invention is to construct retractable trusses, either twice the length or equivalent to the width of the pit, but on the stands side. This simplifies the system and the movement of the transport trolleys, and eliminates the need for cutouts in the support slab to accommodate the trusses on the field side, as well as the double guidance required for the transport trolleys if the reduced-length trusses are implemented. The lifting system will be hydraulic in its preferred embodiment, based on telescopic hydraulic cylinders designed for reliability and guided by a skid throughout their travel. This skid has double wheels for loading in both directions and distribution arms. The lifting system, configured with a set of hydraulic cylinders that move synchronously both when loaded and when positioned, will be powered by several cylinders. IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 hydraulic units, each with its own pumps and motors. It will be designed to be fail-safe, both for pumps and motors via a common manifold, and for starter cabinets via a manifold ring between the hydraulic units. In another embodiment of the invention, the elevator will be based on electro-mechanically actuated cables and pulleys. Within the pit, both the storage system supports and the lifting system supports will be pneumatically actuated, or alternatively electromechanically actuated. They will be based on supports that, in their preferred configuration, extend and retract vertically by rotating via horizontally arranged axes, but also alternatively with lateral movement by rotating via vertical axes. This entire system is conceived and designed to offer the advantage of having total control over the agronomic conditions of the lawn inside the pit, unaffected by inclement weather, and allowing complete lawn care as in a greenhouse, by providing all the necessary facilities, that is, lighting, climate control, irrigation and drainage, chemical treatments, etc.; and all of this is highly sensitized and with total accessibility to all the lawn trays for treatment. The entire system that is the subject of this invention has been inherently configured for reliability, so that a stadium, even one already built, can be converted into a multifunctional infrastructure quickly, safely, frequently, and in a completely reversible manner, with total operational reliability. To this end, the entire assembly and all its subsystems will be modular, with quick-change interfaces, and equipped with the necessary means, redundancies, etc., to guarantee fully assured convertibility. And it will be equipped with an integrated control system, with robust instrumentation, and redundancy of critical sensors in all subsystems, communications, central station and data server. Furthermore, the use of simple designs, with linear and decoupled movements, of commercial and maintenance-free components if possible, with high safety margins and redundancies of critical elements, etc., simplifies the system and reduces its maintenance needs. All the above advantages translate into a simple and reliable system for transforming an existing stadium into a multifunctional infrastructure, multiplying its capacity and versatility. This allows for an exponential increase in your business plan by enabling you to continuously host almost any event, from IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 fairs to other sporting events, congresses, concerts, etc., in addition to the use for which it was initially conceived, for example, football matches. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Next, to facilitate understanding of the invention, by way of illustration, but not limitation, an embodiment of the invention will be described which refers to a series of figures. FIG. 1 schematically shows an overview of the system that is the subject of the invention, in which its main elements are identified. Figures 2 to 4 show sequentially a detail of one of the trays that make up the playing field, recently extracted from the pit and placed at the edge of it, and where one of the retractable lattices is also shown; how in Figure 3 the corresponding transport trolley is placed in position under the tray; and how in Figure 4 it is hoisted synchronously with the rest of the transport trolleys, ready to be transported to its position to form the playing field. FIG. 5 shows a view of the lifting system, with the telescopic hydraulic actuators, and the structural columns that configure both the lift and the storage system, with all its main components. FIG. 6 shows a view of the folding stands, if necessary, in the deployed position, to allow the extraction or storage maneuvers of the playing field, provided that they have had to be installed because there is not enough space to build the moat on one side of the field without invading part of the space occupied by the original stands. FIG. 7 shows the support slab assembly, retractable truss system, and transport trolley system, and their interfaces with each other. Figures 8 to 23 schematically show the sequence for storing the playing field in the greenhouse pit designed for this purpose. Figures 24 and 25, in detail, show one of the trays that make up the playing field by means of strips, with all its main parts, that is, self-supporting metal structure, layers of natural or artificial ground and grass, etc. Figures 26 to 28 show respectively the master transport carriage, the slave transport carriage and the configuration of the assembly between them, mechanically joined, in their preferred embodiment. FIG. 29 presents the retractable lattice in a preferred materialization, with a length approximately twice the width of the pit. Figures 30 and 31 show in more detail the main elements of both the storage system and the lifting system respectively. FIG. 32 shows the main components of the hydraulic group that powers both the lifting system and the folding steps, if the latter are required. Figures 33 to 40 schematically show the sequence for closing the joint between a tray and the preceding one previously placed in position, when the playing field is being removed using the system that is the subject of this invention. Figures 41 to 50 present different alternatives to the preferred invention. Figures 41 to 43 show an alternative lifting system based on cables and winches. Figure 44 shows an alternative with a support bracket that rotates horizontally on a vertical axis for the storage system. Figures 45 and 46 present a variant of the preferred folding platform solution, in this case with vertical movement instead of rotational movement about a pivot axis. Figures 47 to 50 show a configuration of shorter retractable slats, only slightly longer than the width of the pit, but requiring double wheels on the slats and double wheel guides on the transport trolleys: the first for movement along the support slab, and the second for movement over the retractable slats when they are deployed over the pit. These figures and the following ones refer to a set of elements which are: 1. Trays 2. Transport carts 3. Lanes 4. Support slab 5. Retractable lattices 6. Moat 7. Storage System 8. Elevator system 9. Folding step 10. Fixed bleachers 11. Elevator system columns 12. Elevator skids 13. Guides for the hydraulic cylinders of the elevator 14. Support brackets for the elevator system 15. Telescopic hydraulic elevator cylinders 16. Hydraulic group 17. Storage system columns 18. Storage system support panels 19. Pneumatic actuation of the storage system supports 20. Folding bleacher structure IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 21. Pivot point of the folding stand 22. Hydraulic operation of the lowering harrow 23. Retractable lattice structure 24. Actuation by means of a geared motor and chain or belt of the retractable lattice 25. Guiding system using wheels and distribution levers for the retractable lattice 26. Retractable lattice tie-down system on both sides 27. Self-supporting structure of the tray 28. Natural or artificial land 29. Natural or artificial grass 30. Master transport cart structure 31. Master transport trolley tray lifting system 32. Hydraulic group of the transport trolleys 33. Electromechanical gearmotors of transport trolleys 34. Guide wheels of transport trolleys 35. Structure of slave transport carts 36. Tray lifting system for slave transport trolleys 37. Tray joint closing mechanism in slave transport trolleys 38. Mechanical tie-down system between master and slave transport trolleys 39. Hydraulic unit motors 40. Hydraulic unit pumps 41. Hydraulic unit reservoir 42. Storage system with horizontal brackets, 43. Cable lifting system, 44. Cable hoist system drum 45. Cable 46. ​​Upper pulleys 47. Lower pulleys 48. Cable lifting system support bracket 49. Cable lifting system skid 50. Structure of the cable lifting system 51. Cable Lift System Guide 52. Structure of the horizontal bracket storage system 53. Horizontal movement brackets of alternative storage system 54. Mobile lifting stand 60. Short retractable lattice 61. Double wheel transport trolley for use with short retractable lattice DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is a reversible system that easily and quickly allows converting an already built stadium into a multifunctional infrastructure by removing and storing the playing field, in an automated manner, in a pit built preferably on one side of it. This invention is also compatible with its construction and implementation without affecting the normal use for which the stadium was originally conceived, for example, for playing football, using several of the available temporary windows between the playing seasons for its construction and commissioning. As shown in the figures, the system consists of a pit 6, preferably built along one side of the original playing field, in the same direction as the new playing field is constructed using strips. This new playing field is made up of several transportable trays 1, either longitudinal as shown in the figure or transverse, but only in one direction. These trays are then stored vertically within the pit 1 when the playing field needs to be removed for other events. Each tray 1 is self-supporting and contains all the necessary layers of playing surface, irrigation system, natural or artificial turf, etc., to replicate the original playing field. A series of transport trolleys 2, moving along rails 3 embedded in a support slab 4, usually made of concrete, allow the trays to be moved horizontally in a direction perpendicular to their main length in a synchronized manner.In this system, which is the subject of the invention, a set of retractable lattice 5 is provided, as many as the defined number of master and slave transport trolleys. These lattice 5 allow the trolleys to continue their guided movement over the lattice 5. Once deployed over the pit, they allow each tray to be transported vertically along the pit, and then lowered by a hydraulic lift 8 to its corresponding storage position in the storage system 7. If necessary, and if there is insufficient space to construct the pit on one side without encroaching on the space occupied by the stands, new folding stands 9 will be configured. These stands will rise in sections to allow the trays to be inserted into the pit and will fold down over it, covering it, for use during any type of event. The original fixed stands 10 will remain if this system is implemented in an existing stadium. Figures 2 to 4 show sequentially the detail of one of the trays 1, recently extracted from pit 6 and placed at its edge, and where one of the retractable lattices 5 is also seen in the retracted position on the field side; in Figure 3 the corresponding transport trolley 2 is positioned below tray 1; and in Figure 4 it hoists it synchronously along with the rest of the transport trolleys, ready to transport it towards the IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 side field to its corresponding final position to form the playing field. Figure 5 shows a view of the lifting system 8, with its telescopic hydraulic cylinders 15 that carry slides 12 at their ends, guided throughout their travel by guides 13, and on which are mounted support brackets 14 that, in this preferred embodiment, move vertically by rotating on a horizontal axis, to fold or unfold and pick up the tray by means of pneumatic or alternatively electromechanical actuation. The lifting structure is configured by a set of columns 11, one for each hydraulic cylinder, which are preferably anchored to the two side walls of the pit. The lifting system is hydraulic in the preferred embodiment and is operated by a set of hydraulic units 16.To store the trays inside the pit, each in its corresponding position but independently, storage system 7 has been configured using a structure of additional columns 17, which are preferably also anchored to the two side walls of the pit and may or may not be connected to the columns of the lifting system 8. Each column carries a set of support brackets 18, as many as the number of trays to be stored, and these are operated by a system 19, which is preferably pneumatic but can also be electromechanical. In the preferred embodiment of the support brackets 18 of storage system 7, they are configured so that each one moves vertically, rotating on a horizontal axis installed in the structure of column 17. The number of columns in the lifting system 8 does not necessarily have to match the number of retractable shelves 5, nor the number of columns in the storage system 7. However, the number and position of the retractable shelves 5 will invariably match those of the transport trolleys 2. If, for example, 13 retractable shelves are used to support each tray, configured in this case longitudinally, then 13 transport trolleys will also be used, aligned with the shelves. And if these are configured in a preferred arrangement, each consisting of a master transport trolley and a slave transport trolley connected to each other, there will therefore be 13 master transport trolleys and 13 slave transport trolleys.Both the number of columns in the elevator system 8 and the number in the storage system 7 will be double, one row of them on each side wall of the pit, and preferably of a similar total number, in this case it would be 13 plus 13, both for the elevator system 8 and for the storage system 7; but in both cases it could differ from that value. Figure 6 shows a view of the lowered stand 9, if necessary, in the deployed position to allow for the removal or storage of the playing field, provided there is not enough space to build the moat on one side of the field IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 without encroaching on the space occupied by the original bleachers. The supporting structure 20 of the bleacher, configured in sections, can be seen in this figure. When lowered, it rotates around the fixed point 21, actuated by the set of hydraulic cylinders 22 defined in a preferred embodiment of the invention. This figure also shows the receiving and anchoring ties 26 to ensure the correct completion of the maneuver of each retractable lattice 5, in this case on the bleacher side, when the lattice is deployed over the pit. Figure 7 shows numerous details of the support slab assembly 4, the retractable lattice system 5, and the transport trolley system 2, and their interfaces. It depicts the supporting metal structure 23 of the retractable lattice 5, the guide system 25 with double wheels for the retractable lattice, all equipped with distribution rockers, and the receiving and anchoring bracket 26 to ensure the correct completion of the retractable lattice maneuver, in this case on the field side, when the lattice is retracted. The transport trolleys 2 are also shown, mounted on the retractable lattice 5, detailing the supporting structure 30 of the master transport trolley and its guide wheels 34, the supporting structure 35 of the slave transport trolley and its tray joint closing mechanism 37, and the mechanical fastening system 38 between the master and slave transport trolleys to ensure they move together. The sequence for storing the playing field in the greenhouse pit designed for this purpose will now be explained in detail, illustrating the scope of the system of this invention. Figure 8 shows the new playing field, configured in this case with six longitudinal trays 1, removed and ready for use, for example, in a football match. The folding bleachers 9 are in the folded position and are generally equipped at their ends with retractable bleacher modules (not shown). When deployed, these modules close, seal, and provide continuity to the new playing field of this invention, which is based on strips of trays. Figure 9 shows the folding bleachers 9 already in the deployed position, ready to begin the removal of the turf using this system of the invention. From Figure 8...Figures 10 through 21 show sequentially, from a cross-sectional view of the pit, the entire maneuver of loading a tray into its final stowed position. In Figure 10, you can see how the elevator 8 is waiting with the support brackets 14 already deployed, and how the corresponding tray 1 to be loaded is already positioned at the edge of the pit 6, and has been lowered synchronously onto the support slab 4 to release the retractable trusses 5 and the transport trolleys 2 mounted on them. Then the retractable trusses 5 are deployed over the pit 6 and anchored on the seating side by the anchors 26; the transport trolleys 2, which were on the trusses, return to retrieve the tray. IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 position and lift it in a synchronized manner using their respective lifting systems 31 and 36 of the master and slave carriages. This situation is shown in FIG. 11. In FIG. 12, tray 1 is shown already transported in a synchronized manner by the carriages 2 on the retractable trusses 5 and centered on the vertical of the pit 6. In the following FIG. 13, it can be observed how the elevator has risen to pick up and lift the corresponding tray 1 slightly above where it was resting, thus allowing both the retractable trusses 5 and the transport carriages 2 mounted on them to be released. In FIG.Figure 14 shows how the retractable lattice 5 has already been folded back on the field side, taking the transport trolleys 2 with it, to provide continuous guidance for the following trays as they travel along the support slab 4 towards the pit 6, and to free up the elevator space so that tray 1 can begin to descend synchronously using its telescopic hydraulic cylinders 15. Figures 15 and 16 show the descent of tray 1 using the lifting system 8. And in Figure 17, how the support brackets 18 of the storage system 7, associated with the descending tray 1, have already been deployed to store it in its final position inside the pit 6. Figure 18 shows tray 1 in its stored position, and in Figure 19, the tray 1 is shown in its stored position. 19 how the elevator system 8 has continued to descend to free itself from the newly lowered tray, and be ready to ascend to pick up the next tray 1.This release can be observed in FIG. 20, where the elevator's support brackets 14 have already been folded away to allow the elevator system 8 to ascend without interfering with the previously stowed trays 1. FIG. 21 shows how the elevator has already risen above the last stowed tray and is about to retrieve the next one. The process is repeated sequentially until all the trays 1 are stowed. Finally, the folding bleachers 9 are lowered to their stable resting position, leaving the infrastructure ready for any other type of event, as shown sequentially in FIGS. 22 and 23. Meanwhile, the natural or artificial turf is stored, cared for, and maintained inside the pit 6, monitored at all times and protected from any inclement weather and / or any damage that the event in question might cause if it had been left outside. The following figures show in detail some of the main components of the invention. Figures 24 and 25, the latter in detail, show one of the trays 1 that make up the playing field in strips, and its main parts: its self-supporting metal structure 27, and the layers of ground 28, which culminate with the usually natural grass 29. The transport trolleys 2 are shown in FIGS. 26 to 28 according to a preferred embodiment of this invention. In 26 the master transport trolley, in 27 the trolley of IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 slave transport, and in 28 the configuration of the assembly between them, mechanically joined. In FIG. 26 the most relevant components of the master transport trolley are indicated, which are the supporting structure 30, the tray lifting system 31, the hydraulic unit 32, the electromechanical gearmotors 33, and the guide wheels 34. In FIG. 27, those of the slave transport trolley are shown, that is, its supporting structure 35, the tray lifting system 36, and the tray joint closing mechanism 37. And in FIG. 28 a master trolley plus slave trolley assembly mechanically joined by means of the mechanical clamping system 38 is shown. Figure 29 shows the retractable lattice 5 in a preferred embodiment, with a length approximately twice the width of the pit. Its supporting metal structure 23 and its actuation system 24, using a geared motor and chain or belt in the preferred embodiment, are highlighted. This double-length lattice configuration offers the advantages of simplifying the entire rolling motion of the retractable lattice 5 as it enters the pit 6 to only the lattice's contact surface with the slab 4; and it also simplifies the translational movement of the transport trolleys 2 to a single guide, providing continuity between the retractable lattice 5 and the guide within the support slab 4, throughout the entire required range of movement of the transport trolleys 2. Figures 30 and 31 show in more detail the main elements of both the storage system 7 and the lifting system 8, respectively. Figure 30 shows the supporting structure 17 of the storage system, configured with metal columns anchored or not to the two side walls of the pit 6, the support brackets 18 of the storage system, and the preferably pneumatic actuation of the supports of the storage system 7. Figure 31 shows the columns 11 of the lifting system 8, configured with metal columns also anchored or not to the two side walls of the pit 6, the skids 12 of the lifting system 8, fixed to the ends of the telescopic hydraulic cylinders 15 and guided along their entire travel by the guides 13, and the support brackets 14 of the lifting system 8, which are preferably pneumatically actuated. Figure 32 shows the main components of each of the hydraulic units that supply power to both the lifting system 8 and the folding ramps 9, if required. These are the electric motors 39, the feed pumps 40, and the reservoir 41 of each of the hydraulic units necessary to power all these systems. The tray joint closing mechanism 37 carried by each of the slave transport trolleys, always on the side furthest from pit 6, is functionally described in FIGS. 33 to 40, which schematically show the sequence for closing the IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 joint between a tray and the preceding one previously placed in position, when the playing field is being removed by means of the system that is the subject of this invention. This hydraulically actuated tray joint closing mechanism 37 is based on a claw concept that in each slave transport carriage pulls the corresponding tray towards it until the joint with the preceding one, already in a fixed position by its own weight on the support slab 4, is closed, until a contact pressure in the joint equivalent to the cohesion of natural grass surfaces is achieved, thus generating the continuity of the field. The lifting system 8 will be hydraulic in the preferred embodiment, but it can also be in another embodiment of the invention based on cables and winches, as shown in FIG. 41 to 43. In them the main elements of this alternative lifting system 43 are shown. It consists of a drum 44, cable 45, upper pulleys 46 and lower pulleys 47, support brackets 48, skid 49, supporting structure 50 based on metal columns, and guide 51 to ensure the reliability of the entire useful travel of the lift, all of which is functionally equivalent to the reference hydraulic embodiment. Figure 44 shows an alternative for storage system 7, in this case with a horizontally rotating support bracket that rotates on a vertical axis. This storage system 42, with horizontal brackets, would have a supporting structure 52 also based on metal columns, anchored or not to the walls of pit 6, which would support the brackets 53. In another embodiment of the invention, FIGS. 45 and 46 present an alternative to the preferred solution of a folding harrow, in this case a lifting harrow 54 with the capacity for vertical movement instead of rotation with respect to a pivot axis. And FIGS. 47 to 50 show another configuration of retractable lattices 60, these retractable lattices 60 being shorter, only slightly longer than the width of the pit, but requiring double rolling for the lattice, and double-guided, double-wheeled transport trolleys 61, the first to move along the support slab 4, and the second to move over the retractable lattices 60 when they are already deployed over the pit 6. Both of the aforementioned embodiments of the retractable lattice 5 or 60 are designed so that the lattice trusses are located on the field side and extend over the moat 6 towards the stands side. This is done to minimize or avoid impacting the stands, or to prevent insufficient space beneath a side stand from being available for installation on the stands side, even if reconstruction of a side stand is necessary. If these limitations can be overcome, another embodiment of the invention is to construct the retractable lattice 5 or 60 on the stands side, simplifying the system and the movements of the IVIA / a / ZUZZ / UI 14 10 transport trolleys 2, and eliminate the gaps to be made in the support slab 4 to accommodate the lattices on the field side, as well as the double guidance in the transport trolleys 2 in case of implementing the reduced length retractable lattices 60. Once the invention has been clearly described, it is noted that the particular embodiments described above are subject to minor modifications provided they do not alter the fundamental principle and essence of the invention.

Claims

1. A system for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures by removing and storing a playing field in a pit (6) located parallel to the playing field, characterized in that it comprises: a set of trays (1) on which the playing field is located, wherein the trays (1): - are capable of being moved to or from the pit (6); - have a length equal to the total length of the playing field in the longitudinal direction of the pit (6); - are self-supporting; and - house: the layers of playing surface, an irrigation system and natural or artificial turf; a transport system for lifting and guided horizontal transverse movement of each tray (1) from its position on the playing field to the vertical of the pit (6), or wherein each tray (1) carries its own monitoring for its movement; a set of retractable lattices (5), configured to be deployed over the pit (6);a lifting system (8) installed within the pit (6) configured to lower each tray vertically to a final storage position, or raise it from the final storage position; a storage system (7) installed within the pit (6) for storing each tray, which moves only vertically in a fixed and stable position.

2. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the pit (6) is located on one side of the playing field.

3. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the moat (6) is located within the space occupied by the playing field.

4. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the pit (6) comprises facilities, accesses and the depth to store the set of trays (1) with a vertical separation between trays of not less than 2 m.

5. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of tiers (1) that make up the playing field is between five and eight, when the tiers are configured in the longitudinal direction of the playing field, each tier being up to 144 m long by between 12 and 9 m wide respectively.

6. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of tiers (1) that make up the playing field is between eight and fourteen when the tiers (1) are configured in the transverse direction of the playing field, in this case being up to 70 m long by between 13 and 8 m wide respectively.

7. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a system of folding stands (9) to allow the introduction of the trays (1) into the storage system (7) of the pit (6) configured to fold down over the pit (6), leaving the pit (6) covered and closed.

8. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal transport system comprises a set of autonomous transport trolleys (2) guided by a system selectable between rails or an inductive guidance system on a support slab (4), for transversely transporting the trays (2); wherein the number of transport trolleys (2) is between ten and twenty-two to support each tray (1) if configured in the longitudinal direction of the playing field; and wherein the number of transport trolleys (2) is between 4 and 12 to support each tray if configured in the transverse direction of the playing field; and wherein the number and position of the retractable lattices (5) coincides with the number and position of the transport trolleys (2).

9. A system for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 8, characterized in that each of the transport trolleys (2) is selectable between: complete and integrated, subdivided into a motorized master transport trolley and a mechanically linked slave transport trolley, wherein the master transport trolley (2) comprises a supporting structure (30), a tray lifting system (31), a hydraulic unit (32), electromechanical gearmotors (33), and guide wheels (34); and wherein the slave transport trolley comprises a supporting structure (35), a tray lifting system (36), and a tray joint closing mechanism (37); wherein the assembly is moved together by means of a mechanical fastening system (38). 14 10 10. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport system comprises its own motors in each tray (1) to be able to perform its synchronized horizontal translation movement, by means of the necessary instrumentation and control.

11. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 8, characterized in that the transport trolley system (2) carries all the necessary instrumentation and control system so that both the translational movement and the lifting movement are synchronized between all the transport trolleys (2) of the system, in order to be able to move and lift each tray (1) safely respectively.

12. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the retractable latticework (5) is approximately twice the length of the width of the pit (6) to allow its rolling only on the support slab (4), and that, being counterweighted, it can enter and exit the pit (6) with complete safety, without the need for double rolling, wherein each retractable latticework (5) comprises a supporting metal structure (23), a guidance system (25) by means of double wheels with distribution rockers, centering systems, with reception and anchoring systems (26) at both ends, to make its maneuvers reliable and secure.

13. A system for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises second retractable lattice structures (60) of a length greater than the width of the pit (6), wherein the second retractable lattice structures (60) are guided with double wheels to allow safe access to the pit; and when the second retractable lattice structures (60) are located on the field side, the second retractable lattice structures (60) are embedded in the support slab (4), and extend over the pit (6) towards the stands side; comprising double-guided transport trolleys (61), a first guide when they move over the lattice structure, and a second guide when they move over the field slab (4) so ​​that they can move when the second retractable lattice structure (60) is already deployed over the pit (6), and the double-guided transport trolleys (61) must return to the corresponding tray (1).

14. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claims 1, 12 and 13, characterized in that the retractable lattices (5) or (60) are located on the stands side and extend over the pit (6) towards the field side.

15. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting system (8) is hydraulic, based on a set of telescopic hydraulic cylinders (15) guided at their ends by means of a skid (12) and guide (13) throughout their travel, on columns (11), as many as there are telescopic hydraulic cylinders (15); skid (12) with double wheel for loading in both directions and with distribution rockers, and in which each skid (12) carries a support bracket (14) to pick up the tray (1), and which is actuated by a system to be selected between pneumatic and electromechanical; where the set of telescopic hydraulic cylinders (15) move synchronously both in load and in position, fed by several hydraulic groups (16), each of them with its reservoir (41), its feed pumps (40) and its electric motors (39);where the lifting system (8) comprises a common manifold configured to prevent failures, both for pumps and motors, and comprises a ring of manifolds between the hydraulic groups configured to prevent failures for the starter cabinets.; 16. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage system (7) comprises a column structure (17), each of the columns (17) carrying a set of support brackets (18), as many as the number of trays (1) to be stored, and which are actuated by a system (19) to be selected between pneumatic and electromechanical.

17. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the number of structural columns of the lifting system (8) and of the storage system (7) is double, and preferably of a total number similar to double that of retractable lattices (5) or of the set of transport trolleys (2), both for the lifting system (8) and for the storage system (7).

18. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 15, characterized in that the support brackets (14) of the lifting system (8) are deployed and retracted by vertical movement rotating via horizontally arranged axes.

19. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 15, characterized in that the support brackets (14) of the lifting system (8) are configured to unfold and retract by means of lateral movement rotating via vertically arranged axes.

20. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 16, characterized in that the support brackets (18) of the storage system (7) are deployed and retracted by vertical movement by rotating via horizontally arranged axes.

21. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 16, characterized in that it has a storage system (42) configured by means of a column structure (52), which carry support brackets (53) that are deployed and retracted by means of lateral movement rotating via vertically arranged axes.

22. Method for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, using the system defined in claims 1, 8, 9, 12, 15 and 16, characterized in that a maneuver to store the playing field in the pit (6) is sequential for each tray (1), starting with the tray closest to the pit (6) until the placement of each tray (1) in the final storage position, where the lifting system (8) is placed on standby with the support brackets (14) already deployed, and the corresponding tray (1) is moved in a synchronized manner by means of the set of transport trolleys (2) to the edge of the pit (6), and descends in a synchronized manner by means of the lifting systems of the transport trolleys (2) on the support slab (4) to release the retractable lattices (5) and the transport trolleys (2) mounted on them;The retractable lattices (5) are deployed over the pit (6) and anchored on the other side by means of the anchors (26); the transport trolleys (2) retrieve the tray, position themselves and hoist it in a synchronized manner by means of their tray lifting systems (31) and (36); and transport it in a synchronized manner over the retractable lattices (5) until it is centered over the vertical of the pit (6); the lifting system (8) rises and picks up the tray (1) lifting it slightly above where it was resting and thus freeing both the retractable lattices (5) and the transport trolleys (2) mounted on them;The retractable lattice panels (5) fold away, taking the transport trolleys (2) with them, to provide continuous guidance to the following trays as they travel along the support slab (4) towards the pit (6), and to allow the space of the lifting system (8) to be freed in any case so that the tray (1) can begin to descend synchronously by means of its telescopic hydraulic cylinders (15); the support brackets (18) of the storage system (7), associated with the descending tray (1), are deployed to leave it stored in its final position inside the pit (6); the lifting system (8) continues descending to free itself from the stored tray, and be ready to ascend to collect the next tray (1); for this purpose, it folds the support brackets (14) to allow the lifting system (8) to ascend without interfering with the trays (1) already previously stored.

23. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 8, characterized in that its mechanism for closing the joints of trays (37) carried by each of the transport trolleys (2), always on the side furthest from the pit (6), comprises a hydraulically actuated claw that in each transport trolley (2) brings by dragging, synchronously together with the rest of the transport trolleys (2), the corresponding tray (1) until the joint with the preceding one is closed.

24. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a lifting system (43) comprising drum (44), cable (45), upper pulleys (46), lower pulleys (47), support bracket (48), skid (49), supporting structure (50) based on a metal column, and guide (51).

25. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a system of elevating stands (54), configured to raise the stands in sections to allow the insertion of the trays (1) into the storage system (7) of the pit (6), and to lower the stands into the pit (6), leaving the pit (6) covered and closed.

26. System for reversibly converting stadiums into multifunctional infrastructures, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a trapdoor system configured to allow the insertion of the trays (1) into the storage system (7) of the pit (6), in the event that the pit (6) can be built in the auxiliary area between the playing field and the stands and, therefore, covering and closing it.

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