METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL OF PALM OIL

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method comprising a step (a) of settling press liquor (PL) in a weir device, and a step (b) of obtaining a press liquor (PL) height reading using a level sensor located near a slot in the weir device. The method further includes a step (c) of obtaining a press liquor (PL) temperature reading using a temperature sensor located near the slot; a step (d) of obtaining an oil concentration reading; and a step (e) of calculating the industrial oil potential (IOP) using a computing unit from the temperature, height, and oil concentration readings obtained in steps (b), (c), and (d). The present invention also describes embodiments of an apparatus for determining the industrial oil potential (IOP).The apparatus includes a weir device with an inlet, an outlet, a dividing element between the inlet and outlet, and a slot in the dividing element configured to allow press liquor (PL) to flow into the outlet. The apparatus also includes level and temperature sensors and a computing unit configured to calculate the industrial oil potential (PIA) from oil concentration data and temperature and altitude data. The oil concentration can be obtained using laboratory techniques or determined in real time using a near-infrared spectrometer.

Description

The present invention relates to processes for characterizing and monitoring the raw material used in the industrial extraction of palm oil. Specifically, the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for calculating the industrial oil potential of the oil palm fruit. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The processing of oil palm fruit is a physical process for obtaining oil, kernels, and byproducts. Traditionally, this process begins with fruit preparation, which includes a sterilization stage and a de-fruiting stage, in which the husks are separated from the fruit that will be used for oil extraction. Next, the oil extraction takes place, which usually includes a digestion stage to macerate the fruit, and a pressing stage to recover the oil. The pressing stage yields a press liquor that is subsequently clarified and dried to reduce the moisture content of the crude palm oil (CPO). The efficiency of obtaining oil from this process is affected by various factors, among which the quality of the fruit used as raw material is one of the most determining. Thus, one of the main mechanisms for optimizing the processes of the palm industry is the characterization of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) mainly referring to the determination of their oil content. In this regard, one of the most widely used indicators is the total oil extraction rate (TOER), which allows the determination of the amount of oil per ton of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) processed. However, comparative studies have shown that the TOER value depends on different variables, such as the supplier's share of the processed fruit, the genetic variety of the fruit, and the composition of the bunch (Q. Durán, GA Sierra, and J. García N, Oil potential in oil palm bunches of different quality and their influence on the potential and extraction of oil at the processing plant. Palmas, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 501-508, 2004). It is also important to highlight that currently, the determination of the oil extraction rate (TEA) in most processing plants is done manually, generally one day after the processing of fresh fruit bunches (FFB).Therefore, it is not possible to establish the quantity of oil from a specific batch or supplier, but rather by the total number of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) processed during the day. The above is particularly relevant considering that the value of the shipments, and therefore the payment to fruit suppliers, is based on the oil extraction rate (OER) obtained during a given period (after deducting production costs and profits). However, this payment method assumes that all batches of fresh oil palm fruit bunches (FFB) or suppliers processed during that period have the same industrial oil potential (IOP), without taking into account any variations that this potential may present. In this regard, several methodologies have been described for determining the industrial oil potential in processing plants. The document "Alternative Methodology for the Analysis of Oil Palm Bunches" (Yánez et al., Palmas, Vol. 21, Special Issue, Volume 1, pp. 303-311, 2000) describes methodologies for determining oil potential through bunch analysis, in which the oil content is measured indirectly by determining the moisture content in the fruit's mesocarp. However, in practice, implementing this methodology requires a significant amount of labor, thus limiting its application to a few processing plants and trials and / or experiments conducted in different growing areas. Similarly, the document "Trends in ObcouiER in relation to MPD analyses in Golden Hope" (Lee et al., Proceedings of the National Seminar on Palm Oil Extraction Rate: Problems and Issues, pp. 79–90, 1993) discloses the relationship between the oil extraction rate and the mass of fruit passing through the digester (MPD), and provides a methodology for determining the industrial oil potential (IOP) based on this relationship. However, this methodology is time-consuming and labor-intensive, highly dependent on the sampling performed, and its implementation requires considerable use of laboratory resources. On the other hand, the document "Measuring the Industrial Potential of Oil in Processing Plants Using Weir-Type Flow Measurement Systems: Design and Operation" (Technical Bulletin No. 28, Cenipalma 2011) presents the development of alternatives based on estimating the flow rate of the press liquor for determining the industrial potential of oil (IPO). However, the successful implementation of this methodology in processing plants depends largely on manual operations involving repetitive measurements, which are prone to observational errors and therefore do not allow for the analysis of large datasets. Taking into account all of the above, the state of the art does not disclose methods or devices that allow measuring the industrial potential of oil (PIA) in an industrial process continuously and with a significant representativeness with respect to the total raw material processed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for determining the industrial potential of oil from measurements of properties of a press liquor that can be obtained in a beneficiation plant and relating these measurements with data recorded from the raw material receiving hopper to the pressing of the oil palm fruits. The present invention describes embodiments of a method for determining an industrial oil potential (PIA) of oil palm fruit bunches from a press liquor (LP). For example, in one embodiment, the method includes a step (a) of settling the press liquor (PL) in a weir device configured to generate a solid phase and an oil phase separation of the press liquor (PL), and a step (b) of obtaining a height reading of the press liquor (PL) using a level sensor located near a slot in the weir device, where the slot is configured to allow the press liquor (PL) to flow into an outlet of the weir device. When the press liquor (PL) passes through the slot, a crest is formed, the height of which allows the flow rate of the press liquor (PL) to be determined. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the method includes a step c) of obtaining a press liquor (PL) temperature reading using a temperature sensor located near the slot; and a step d) of obtaining an oil concentration reading from the press liquor (PL) supplied to the weir device. The method in this embodiment also includes a step e) of calculating the industrial oil potential (IOP) using a computing unit from the temperature, height, and oil concentration readings obtained in steps b, c, and d. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ The computing unit can be configured to run a mathematical model that calculates the industrial oil potential (IOP) from temperature, altitude, and oil concentration data. Additionally, the computing unit can be configured to calculate thermodynamic variables such as densities, flow rates, mass flow rates, heat capacities, enthalpies, entropy, and other variables that are familiar to a person with a basic understanding of the subject and that can be indirectly calculated based on the temperature, altitude, and oil concentration data. In several embodiments of the method, the oil concentration in the press liquor (PL) can be obtained by centrifugation and volumetric determination of the phases contained in the press liquor (PL). In this case, a sample of the press liquor (PL) can be taken and analyzed in a laboratory. Alternatively, the press liquor (PL) sample can be analyzed using oil extraction techniques with a solvent, for example, hexane. In these cases, the method is considered semi-automated, as it requires press liquor (PL) sampling and remote laboratory analysis, which usually necessitates the intervention of operators and laboratory technicians. In other embodiments of the method, the oil concentration in the press liquor (PL) can be obtained using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. In this case, NIR spectroscopy allows for the continuous determination of oil concentration data, for example, in periods of less than one second, or even milliseconds. This provides a greater amount of oil concentration data, which in turn allows for more accurate industrial oil potential (IOP) results. In these cases, the method corresponds to automated modalities that allow for real-time determination of IOP results. For example, the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique can employ a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer arranged in a conduit configured to deliver press liquor (LP) to a weir device inlet. In any embodiment of the method, a step (A1) can be included to obtain a residence time data point for a batch of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm and their sterilized fruit from a specific batch being evaluated, between a fresh fruit bunch (FFB) reception stage and a pressing stage where the press liquor (PL) is obtained. The residence times will depend on the type of processing plant and / or extraction process implemented. For example, there are processing plants that have batch conveyors for raw materials, such as wagons, buckets, or other containers that supply the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm in discrete quantities.Likewise, there are processing plants that include batch-operated sterilizers, such as autoclaves, or pressure cylinders configured to provide sterilizing steam to a discrete quantity of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). Conversely, there are other processing plants that utilize continuous conveyors, such as vibratory conveyors, belt conveyors, chain conveyors, screens, pneumatic conveyors, and similar conveyors familiar to anyone with a basic understanding of the subject. Likewise, there are continuous sterilizers, which typically have higher processing capacities than sterilizers that process discrete quantities of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). Similarly, plant timing and motion studies can be conducted to determine the residence time of each batch of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). In this way, the method can obtain a residence time data that is taken into account in step e) to calculate the industrial oil potential (PIA) associated with the batch of fresh fruit bunches (FPP) of oil palm from the temperature, level and oil concentration data from steps b, c and d, and the residence time data from step A1). Based on the above, the computing unit can fractionate an industrial oil potential (PIA) function over time, allowing the identification of the PIA of each batch of fresh oil palm fruit bunches (FFB) processed from a specific supplier's palm plantation. This has both technical and economic significance. From a technical standpoint, the method allows for the classification of FFB batches according to their industrial oil potential (PIA), with batches having higher PIA values ​​indicating higher quality than those with lower values. Now, this classification of batches of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) allows obtaining data on industrial oil potential (IOP) that can be correlated with agroecological variables, climatic conditions during cultivation, conditions of the cultivation land, transport and handling conditions of the fresh fruit bunches (FFB), and other data that allow identifying how this set of conditions influences the industrial oil potential (IOP). Regarding the economic advantages, these realizations of the method allow the classification of batches of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) according to their industrial oil potential (IOP), which can influence the purchasing strategy of fresh fruit bunches of oil palm (FFB) or the feedback strategies to the cultivation part to collectively improve the efficiency of obtaining a greater quantity of oil per hectare. On the other hand, in any of the embodiments of the method, in step b) the height of the press liquor (PL) can be obtained in the weir device using a radar-type level sensor. This type of level sensor allows for continuous level measurements without being affected by abrasion or noise generated by the viscosity, composition, and turbidity of the press liquor (PL). On the other hand, some of the methods disclosed here allow for the determination of the industrial oil potential (PIA) from a press liquor (LP). Usually, the process that fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm undergo involves stages such as receiving the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) in a receiving area, which may be equipped with transport and / or storage mechanisms for solids, such as hoppers, tanks, silos, gates, transport mechanisms (e.g., conveyor belts, vibratory conveyors, such as Grizzly type, chain conveyors, bucket conveyors, channels, ducts, chutes, wagons, railcars, and containers configured to be moved by rails or guides, and other transport mechanisms known to a person moderately versed in the subject). Fresh oil palm fruit bunches (FFB) also undergo a sterilization process, which can be carried out in batches using sterilizers such as autoclaves or pressure vessels configured to receive hot steam or gas, allowing for heating and / or pressurization of the fresh oil palm fruit bunches. The sterilization stage can also be performed in continuous-operation sterilizers, such as tunnel sterilizers. This sterilization stage occurs after the fresh oil palm fruit bunches are received. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Next, the sterilized fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) of oil palm proceed to a stage of deboning to obtain the palm hearts and fruit. This stage is generally done mechanically, for example, with a trommel or drum configured to drop the fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) so that the impact separates the fruit from the palm hearts. Alternatively, this stage can be performed with any other machine or device that allows the separation of the fruit from the palm hearts. Following defruiting, the oil palm fruits undergo a digestion stage in a specially designed apparatus. This apparatus applies a thermomechanical treatment to the oil palm fruits, with heating rates, operating pressures, and agitation and pounding conditions that macerate them. This stage also prepares the oil palm fruits for pressing. In the next stage, the oil palm fruits are pressed to obtain press liquor (PL) and a solid phase that includes biomass and nuts containing palm kernel oil. This stage can be carried out using mechanical equipment such as single-screw or twin-screw presses. Similarly, other presses familiar to anyone with a basic understanding of the process can be used to extract the press liquor (PL) without breaking the nuts, thus preventing the palm kernel oil from mixing into the press liquor (PL). Furthermore, the present invention describes embodiments of an apparatus for determining the industrial oil potential (PIA) of oil palm fruit bunches from a press liquor (LP) (hereinafter, apparatus). For example, in one embodiment, the apparatus includes a spout device with an inlet configured for the entry of press liquor (LP) and an outlet configured for the removal of press liquor (LP). Furthermore, the spout device of the apparatus includes a dividing element disposed between the inlet and the outlet; and a slot located in the dividing element and configured to allow the pouring of press liquor (LP) towards the outlet. Furthermore, this embodiment of the apparatus includes a temperature sensor located near the slot and configured to obtain a press liquor (LP) temperature data; a level sensor located near the slot and configured to obtain a press liquor (LP) height data; and a computing unit configured to calculate the industrial oil potential (PIA) from an oil concentration data and the temperature and height data. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ According to the above, this implementation of the apparatus allows obtaining data on temperature, height of press liquor (LP) and concentration of oil in the press liquor (LP), and based on this data, the computing unit calculates the industrial potential of oil (PIA). In some embodiments of the apparatus, the weir device may include a first wall located near the inlet; a second wall located near the outlet; and a first panel disposed between the first wall and the dividing element. The first panel and the first wall define a first cavity configured to reduce the turbulence of the press liquor (PL) entering through the inlet. Furthermore, the first panel and the dividing element define a second cavity connected to the first cavity. The second cavity is configured to generate precipitation of a solid phase (S) and an oil phase (Ac) contained in the press liquor (PL). Optionally, the weir device can also include a second panel positioned between the first panel and the dividing element. This second panel and the dividing panel define a third cavity designed to generate an upward flow of the press liquor (PL) towards the slot. This reduces turbulence in the press liquor (PL) and achieves a homogeneous flow in this section of the weir device, resulting in more accurate level sensor measurements compared to turbulent flow and swells near the slot. Alternatively, the weir device can include a gate configured to take samples of press liquor (PL) before it enters the weir device. This ensures that the press liquor (PL) sample is properly collected. Additionally, in any embodiment of the apparatus, the weir device may also include a third panel arranged between the second wall and the dividing element, where the third panel is configured to reduce the turbulence of the press liquor (LP) flowing towards the outlet. Likewise, in any of its embodiments, the apparatus may include a dilution inlet arranged between the outlet of the weir device and the dividing element, where the dilution inlet is configured to supply dilution water to the press liquor (PL). co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ In any of its embodiments, the apparatus may also include a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer arranged in a conduit configured to deliver the press liquor (PL) to an inlet of the weir device, where the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is configured to obtain oil concentration data. One of the technical advantages of embodiments that include the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is that it allows for the continuous determination of oil concentration data; for example, it can obtain oil concentration data in periods of less than one second, or even in milliseconds. This allows for a greater amount of oil concentration data, which in turn allows for more accurate industrial oil potential (IOP) results. The near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer may include a processor configured to run near-infrared radiation (NIR) analysis techniques, which can be calibrated to determine the presence and concentration of various phases within the press liquor, e.g., oil, water, and insoluble solids. Similarly, the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer can be connected to a processor configured to determine the oil concentration data from signal processing using a near-infrared (NIR) radiation analysis technique and transmit the oil concentration data to the computing unit (33). On the other hand, in any of the device's embodiments, the level sensor is a radar-type level sensor. This type of level sensor allows for continuous level measurements without suffering from abrasion or noise generated by the viscosity, composition, and turbidity of the press liquor (PL). In any of its embodiments, the apparatus may include an extraction conduit located at the bottom of the weir and an extraction mechanism configured to remove sediments formed by the solid phase of the press liquor (PL). In this way, the apparatus can evacuate solid-phase sediments that accumulate at the bottom of the weir, which can cause an erroneous reading of the press liquor (PL) height, resulting in incorrect height data that affects the determination of the industrial oil potential (IOP). co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ In some embodiments of the apparatus where an extraction conduit is present, the conduit may include a branching of conduits located at the bottom of the weir. This branching provides multiple entry points for the sediment, facilitating its homogeneous removal. Optionally, the branching of conduits is of a herringbone type. However, in some embodiments of the apparatus that include an extraction mechanism, the extraction mechanism comprises a pump configured to move sludge and sediment, for example, a diaphragm pump. Similarly, the extraction mechanism may include pumps selected from among screw pumps, progressive cavity pumps, lobe pumps, Eddy pumps, cam pumps, reciprocating pumps, centrifugal pumps, triplex pumps, diaphragm pumps, double diaphragm pumps, or other equivalent pumps known to a person skilled in the technical field. Furthermore, in any embodiment of the device, the slot has a shape selected from rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, semicircular, and semi-ellipsoidal. For example, due to ease of manufacture and the availability of related hydraulic data to determine flow rates based on the fluid height near the slot, the slot can be rectangular or triangular. For instance, in cases where the device is installed in a beneficiation plant with a capacity exceeding 20 tons per hour, a rectangular slot can be used. In any of its embodiments, the apparatus may include a plurality of temperature sensors arranged near the slot and vertically spaced apart. The plurality of sensors may take temperature measurements at multiple points on the weir device. Particularly, in embodiments where the temperature sensors are aligned and vertically spaced, the sensors may be configured to acquire a plurality of temperature data that are transmitted to the computing unit. In this case, the computing unit may further be configured to acquire data on thermal conductivity, temperature gradients and temperature differentials, and other thermodynamic properties based on the temperature signals. In any embodiment of the apparatus, the temperature sensor, or plurality of temperature sensors, may be selected from the group which includes thermocouples, PT100 class thermocouples of two, three or four wires, thermistors, resistors, bimetallic sensors, inductive sensors, resistive sensors, capacitive sensors, infrared sensors, thermocouple sensors, other sensors known to a person moderately versed in the subject or combinations thereof. Furthermore, the computing unit can interpret temperature data from multiple sensors to determine when the sediment level has exceeded a predetermined height. This height coincides with the location of temperature sensors measuring the same temperature, or where the temperature gradient is negligible. In this way, in some embodiments of the device that include an extraction mechanism, the computing unit can generate an activation signal that is sent to a controller configured to activate the extraction mechanism for sediment removal. In any of its embodiments, the device may include a first module that has a user interaction device, such as a tablet, terminals with control devices such as keyboards, pointers, cursors, or touchscreens. The user interaction device may be configured for an operator to input fresh oil palm fruit (FOP) data. Additionally, in these embodiments of the device, the first module may include a communications unit configured to transmit the FOP data to the computing unit. Furthermore, in any of its implementations, the device may also include a controller connected to one or more temperature sensors, a level sensor, or other sensors installed in the device. The controller, in turn, connects to the computing unit. Examples of controllers include microcontrollers (e.g., Arduino®, Raspberry Pi®), microprocessors, DSCs (Digital Signal Controllers), FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices), ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), SoCs (System on Chip), PSoCs (Programmable System on Chip), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), computers, servers, tablets, cell phones, smartphones, and signal generators. In an embodiment of the apparatus disclosed herein, the weir device includes a rectangular container, which forms the body of the weir, at least one internal dividing plate or baffle placed perpendicular to the bottom of the container, which has a partial rectangular vertical slot, at least one plate or baffle to reduce the effect of turbulence, means for determining the temperature of the press liquor (PL), means for determining the level of the press liquor (PL), and means for the evacuation and control of the sediment level. In another embodiment of the apparatus disclosed herein, the apparatus includes a system for real-time monitoring of the industrial oil potential (IOP) and other operating parameters of the palm oil extraction process in a processing plant. This system includes a module for collecting input fruit data (weight and time) and a measuring module comprising means for determining temperature, means for determining the press liquor (PL) level, and optionally, means for analyzing its composition. Furthermore, the system in this example includes a module for parameter monitoring, system control, and communication between the measuring instruments and a control center, and optionally, one or more remote monitoring modules. The measuring module is an open-channel device, for example, a weir device, as described in any of the embodiments above. In another embodiment, the methods described herein may include a process for remote monitoring of the parameters of the palm oil extraction process in processing plants, wherein said process comprises all the operations performed by the monitoring system described above. Furthermore, the devices and methods disclosed herein may be related to digital applications or computer programs, where such applications or programs comprise software codes configured to perform the monitoring and control stages of the process described above when executed by means of automated systems or human-machine display units, as well as the recording and analysis of information stored in databases managed by software present in the control center. Additionally, the methods disclosed here can be related to the implementation of methodologies for determining the industrial oil potential (IOP) in real time at a processing plant. Such implementation requires a series of planning and preparation stages, for example, collecting information regarding process conditions and the plant's physical specifications, and conducting a time and motion study of the extraction process at the processing plant. Furthermore, the implementation may include stages in which, based on the collected information, a weir device is designed, manufactured, and installed according to any of the previously described embodiments. Similarly, implementation may include selecting the appropriate monitoring and control instrumentation for measuring press liquor (PL) parameters and associated process conditions, calibrating the weir device along with its sensors and other instrumentation, and designing, programming, and installing the necessary computer tools for the operation of the remote monitoring and control system described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES A more specific description will be provided by reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying figures, it being understood that these figures represent exemplary embodiments and do not limit the scope of this invention. The exemplary embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail by means of the figures briefly described below: FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram of one modality of a method for processing oil palm fruit. FIG. 2 shows one modality of an open channel type weir device (36) with a rectangular weir. FIG. 3 shows a side view of the device modality illustrated in FIG. FIG. 4 shows a front view of the device mode illustrated in FIG. FIG. 5 illustrates a symmetrical view of one modality of the weir device (36). FIG. 6A shows a diagram of one mode of a monitoring system of the device disclosed herein. FIG. 6B shows a diagram of another mode of the monitoring system of the device disclosed here. FIG. 7 presents the results of the determination of the industrial potential of oil (PIA) by the method of the invention and its comparison with the value calculated by conventional methods. FIG. 8 presents the results of the determination of the industrial potential of oil (PIA) by the method of the invention for different suppliers. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ FIG. 9 presents the comparative results of the methodologies of the invention that employ two alternative tools for press liquor (PL) analysis. FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of one modality of an algorithm that is executed by one modality of the computing unit of the apparatus disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions and abbreviations Unless otherwise specifically defined or described elsewhere in this text, the following terms and descriptions relating to the invention should be understood as described below. As used in this descriptive report, MPIA stands for Measurement of Industrial Oil Potential. As used in this descriptive report, PIA stands for Oil Industrial Potential indicator. As used in this descriptive report, TEA means; Oil Extraction Rate indicator. As used in this descriptive report, EAPC stands for Crude Palm Oil Extraction Module. As used in this descriptive report, APC stands for Crude Palm Oil. As used in this descriptive report, RFF means Fresh Fruit Bunches (not sterilized). As used in this descriptive report, RFFe means Sterilized Fresh Fruit Bunches. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ As used in this descriptive memorandum, LP means press liquor (undiluted). As used in this descriptive memorandum, LPD means diluted press liquor. As used in this descriptive report, NIR stands for Near Infrared Spectroscopy. As used in this descriptive memorandum, PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller. As used in this descriptive memorandum, HMI stands for Human-Machine Interface. As used in this descriptive memorandum, RTD stands for Resistance temperature detector. As used in this descriptive report, Sterilization refers to a stage in the processing of oil palm fruit. In some embodiments of the method, fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) are loaded into wagons or transported by another system to the sterilization area, where they are subjected to pressure and temperature conditions that halt the action of the lipase enzyme and prevent further oil acidification. Furthermore, the sterilization process contributes to the dehydration of a kernel contained within the oil palm fruit, facilitating its breakage and separation in subsequent stages of the process. Finally, sterilization helps weaken the bond between the bunch and the fruit to facilitate their later separation.Preferably, this step involves treatment with saturated steam, which is generally carried out in a sterilizer capable of injecting and distributing steam at a pressure of 241-344 kPa (35-50 psi) for 75-95 minutes. However, it will be understood that other sterilization methodologies, for example, those using continuous-operating sterilizers, are within the scope of the method of the invention. As used herein, "Desfrutar" or "Desfrutado" refers to a stage in the processing of oil palm fruit where the sterilized bunches (RFFe) are mechanically treated so that the fruit is separated from the rachis or cob by the application of centrifugal force through the rotary motion of a slotted drum. The fruit passes through the slots, while the empty cob exits at the other end of the drum. Preferably, this process is carried out on a rotary drum commonly called a defruter. However, it is understood that the present invention is not limited to the use of this methodology but encompasses all alternatives available in the prior art for separating the fruit from the rachis or cob. As used herein, "Digestion" refers to a stage in the processing of oil palm fruit where the fruits, freed from the rachis or cob, are treated to achieve fruit maceration and the initial release of oil prior to pressing. Preferably, this stage is carried out in a digester where the fruit is treated with steam at a temperature of approximately 80-100°C. Additionally, during this stage, the fruit is macerated by means of mechanisms such as rotating paddles, lateral brakes for retaining the fruit mass, top feeding gates and metering to the press, steam coils, or steam injection. However, the present invention is not limited to this methodology but encompasses all known alternatives in the prior art for this stage of the process. As used in this descriptive document, Pressing refers to a stage in the processing of oil palm fruit during which the digested fruit is treated by applying pressure to separate the liquid fraction from the solid byproducts present, consisting mainly of fibers and nuts. Preferably, the pressing process involves passing the digested fruit through continuous screw presses, which are contained within a perforated cover or sleeve that allows only the press liquor (PL) to pass through. Similarly, cones are used, which exert axial force on the solid phase or press cake to regulate the loss of oil impregnated in the fiber and the breakage of nuts.Depending on the type of press and process configuration, water at a temperature between 80-90°C is added directly to the press, or to equipment downstream of this section (in screening or in auxiliary tanks prior to the clarification area), in order to reduce the viscosity of the fluid and to contribute to the separation of the oil phase from the other layers present in the press liquor (sludge and sediment). However, it should be understood that alternative techniques that achieve the same result, that is, that result in obtaining the press liquor (PL), are within the scope of this invention. As used in this descriptive report, press liquor (PL) refers to the product obtained in the pressing stage, and consists of a mixture whose theology describes it as a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic product, composed of water, oil, light muds (pectins and gums) and heavy muds (earth, sand and other impurities). As used in this descriptive report, Clarification refers to the stage in the processing of oil palm fruit where the palm oil contained in the previously diluted and sieved press liquor (PL) is separated. This process is carried out by decantation (Static Clarification) or by high-speed forced centrifugation and phase density separation (Dynamic Clarification). Realizations of the invention Several realizations will now be discussed in detail. Each example is provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended as a limitation, nor does it constitute a definition of all possible realizations. In a first embodiment of the method for determining an industrial oil potential (PIA) of oil palm fruit bunches from a press liquor (LP), the method comprises a step a) of settling the press liquor (LP) in a weir device (36) configured to generate a separation of a solid phase (S) and an oil phase (Ac) from the press liquor (LP). Furthermore, this embodiment of the method includes a step b) of obtaining a press liquor (LP) height data by means of a level sensor (21) located near a slot (34) of the weir device (36), wherein the slot (34) is configured to allow the pouring of press liquor (LP) into an outlet (25) of the weir device (36). Similarly, this embodiment of the method has a step c) of obtaining a press liquor (PL) temperature reading using a temperature sensor (18) located near the slot (34), and a step d) of obtaining an oil concentration reading from the press liquor (PL) supplied to the weir device (36). Furthermore, the method of this embodiment includes a step e) of calculating, using a computing unit (33), the industrial oil potential (IOP) from the temperature, height, and oil concentration readings obtained in steps b, c, and d. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ One of the advantages of this implementation of the method is that it allows for obtaining data on the industrial oil potential (PIA) over time, thus enabling the derivation of a function of the PIA with respect to processing time. This is important in industrial processes where there is uncertainty regarding the PIA that can be obtained in a single day of processing. Usually, in processing plants where fresh palm fruit bunches (FFB) are processed to obtain palm oil, the fresh palm fruit bunches (FFB) are sorted and graded according to random samples taken from batches of fresh palm fruit bunches (FFB) that arrive in trucks or dump trucks. For example, samples can be selected by casting a net and collecting the fresh bunches of oil palm fruit (FFF) that fall into it. The net is usually no larger than 2 square meters, so the sample typically includes fewer than ten fresh bunches of oil palm fruit (FFF). Additionally, samples of oil palm fruit are taken from each bunch of fresh bunches of oil palm fruit (FFF), and these fruits can vary in quality, even within the same bunch. Subsequently, samples of palm oil fruits are analyzed in the laboratory, for example, through techniques that include solvent extraction of oil, centrifugation, dilution, and other techniques known to a person moderately versed in the subject that allow the determination of the industrial potential of oil (IPO) in the selected sample. Based on the above, it is clear that the sampling methods typically used generate uncertainty and often result in ratings of fresh oil palm fruit bunches (FFB) that do not reflect reality. One of the disadvantages of this is that processing plants sometimes estimate net oil extraction based on good ratings of fresh oil palm fruit bunches (FFB), but at the end of a processing period, oil extraction rates are lower than expected. Now, the method disclosed here allows the characterization and qualification of fresh palm fruit bunches (FFB) according to the industrial oil potential (PIA) calculated from the physicochemical properties of the press liquor (PL), such as its temperature, flow rate and oil concentration. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Regarding step a) of settling the press liquor (LP) in a weir device (36) configured to generate a separation of a solid phase (S) and an oil phase (Ac) from the press liquor (LP), this settling is achieved due to the fluid mechanics associated with the weir device (36), which allows reducing the speed of the Press Liquor (LP), and therefore reducing its turbulence, which favors the suspension of the solid phase (S) in the Press Liquor (LP). Depending on the Reynolds number associated with the flow of press liquor (PL) obtained in a beneficiation plant, the weir device (36) can be designed accordingly. For example, embodiments of the weir device (36) can be used in which cavities are created to allow the press liquor (PL) to flow upwards through a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the conduit through which it enters the weir device (36). This reduces the velocity to below the fluidization limit velocity of the solid phase (S), resulting in sedimentation of the solid phase (S). This upward flow can be repeated in several sections of the weir device (36) until separation of the solid phase (S) and the liquid phase containing the oil is achieved. After step a), proceed to step b) of obtaining a height data of the press liquor (LP) by means of a level sensor (21) located near a slot (34) of the weir device (36), where the slot (34) is configured to allow the pouring of press liquor (LP) towards an outlet (25) of the weir device (36). Preferably, the press liquor (LP) height data corresponds to the crest level, or the level that the Press Liquor (LP) has before passing through the slot (34). In some embodiments of the method, the height data of the Press Liquor (LP) can be obtained by means of a radar-type level sensor (21). Regarding stage c), the temperature data for Press Liquor (LP) can be obtained using a first temperature sensor (18) arranged near the slot (34). In several embodiments of the method disclosed here, in step (e) the computing unit (33) can be configured to determine the industrial oil potential (PIA) from a mathematical model. An example of a mathematical model that can be used is described below. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ The industrial potential of oil (PIA) is determined from the expression: PIA RFF CQ / βηη / ιζηζ / Ε / γΐΛΐ where: PIA = industrial oil potential (PIA)mac = oil mass; and RFF = mass of fresh bunches of oil palm fruit (RFF) Now, for a continuous palm oil extraction process, the mass of oil can be determined from its mass flow rate according to the expression: fac — dmacdtft2m-ac = fac (0 * dt Jti For its part, the mass flow rate of oil (fac) can be calculated from the flow rate of the Press Liquor (LP) (QlpCí)), the concentration of oil contained in the Press Liquor (LP) (xvoi acW) and the density of the oil (Pacítff as shown in the following expression: fac(f) Qlp(E) *xvol acff) * Pac(f) Thus, the industrial potential of oil (PIA) can be calculated between a first time (ti) and a second time (t2) according to the following expression: t2Λftl QlpCO *Xvolac(t) *Pac(t) PIA = —----------75----------RFFg Where: RFFjf=mass of fresh fruit bunches processed between t1 and t2 Now, the density of the oil ( / ?ac(t)) can be calculated in the form ρ(Ί) = kr*T + k2. The constants k± and k2 depend on the substance and its operating conditions, which, in the case of palm oil at the usual operating temperatures, would be replaced in the equation as follows: co / βηη / ιζηζ / Ε / γ p(Tj = -0.40537 * + 893.37 For its part, the flow rate of Press Liquor (LP) Qu>(tj can be determined by means of the weir device (36), from the height that the Press Liquor (LP) has in the slot (34), also called the head or crest level, and using the following expression: Qlp W = — * Cd* b * * 9.81 * h3^2 Where Cd = Discharge coefficient. This value is obtained experimentally and depends on both the fluid properties and the design parameters of the weir device (36). b = Slot width (34) h = Head or crest level. To simplify the expression, the constant values ​​can be grouped as follows: ,------------Ko— — * Cd* b * V2 * 9.81 Thus, the flow rate of Press Liquor (LP) is determined according to the expression: QlpO1) — Xq * The Ko value can be obtained experimentally by means of a calibration in which the volume of press liquor and the time it takes to fill a container of known volume are measured, in order to establish the flow rate value as follows: Now, it will be understood that the computing unit (33) can be configured with other mathematical, statistical models, or can be programmed with artificial intelligence or machine learning techniques, such as linear classification algorithms (e.g., logistic regression, Naive Bayes classification, Fisher linear discriminant), support vector machines, least squares support vector machines, quadratic classification algorithms, kernel estimation, k-th neighborhood, decision trees, random forests, neural networks (e.g., supervised, backpropagation, forward propagation), quantization of learning vectors, and other machine learning techniques known to a person moderately versed in the subject. On the other hand, the method disclosed here, in its step d) requires obtaining an oil concentration data of the press liquor (LP) supplied to the weir device (36) in order to determine the industrial oil potential (PIA) in step e). The oil concentration data for press liquor (PL) can be obtained in several ways. One of them is semi-automated, as it requires taking a sample of press liquor (PL) and analyzing it with laboratory techniques, which are usually done on batches of press liquor (PL) samples and do not allow obtaining a continuous function of oil concentration over time. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the method, the oil concentration in the press liquor (PL) is obtained by centrifugation and volumetric determination of the phases contained in the press liquor (PL). Likewise, the oil concentration in the press liquor (PL) can be obtained using a solvent extraction technique, or with other laboratory analysis techniques that allow for the determination of the oil concentration in the press liquor (PL) and are known to a person with a moderate level of expertise in the subject. Similarly, in semi-automated implementations, oil concentration data in the press liquor (PL) can be obtained in times of less than 5 minutes, for example, every 2, 3, 4, or 5 minutes. The speed of data acquisition will depend on the operating conditions of the processing plant where the method is implemented, and on factors such as the distance between the weir (36) or the point where the press liquor (PL) sample is taken and the laboratory where the sample is analyzed. However, there may also be realizations of the method in which the sampling is done over longer periods, for example, if one wants to have an estimate of the industrial oil potential (PIA) of fresh palm fruit bunches (FFB) processed over a period of 8 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours or 24 hours. Preferably, in semi-automated embodiments, the oil concentration values ​​in the press liquor (PL) are entered into a terminal or computer, either automatically or manually. This terminal or computer is configured to generate and transmit the oil concentration data in the press liquor (PL) to the computing unit (33). The terminal or computer may also be configured to access a database that stores the oil concentration data in the press liquor (PL) obtained over a specified period. The database may be located on physical memory connected to the terminal or computer, managed by remote servers, or be a cloud-based database. On the other hand, the method disclosed here can have realizations where oil concentration data in the press liquor (PL) are obtained in real time, or in short periods of time, for example, less than a minute, less than a second, or even in milliseconds. In several of these embodiments, the oil concentration data in the press liquor (PL) can be obtained using a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique. For example, the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique can employ a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (34) arranged in a conduit configured to provide press liquor (LP) to an inlet (17) of the weir device (36). The near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) allows for online measurement of the press liquor composition, and therefore, the oil concentration data in the press liquor (PL) can be obtained online. The near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) can be located in a duct or pipe before a dilution stage. Similarly, a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) can be connected in another conduit or pipe installed after the dilution has taken place. For the purpose of measuring the industrial oil potential (PIA), if the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) is located after the dilution, it is necessary to measure the flow rate of dilution water that is mixed with the press liquor (PL). co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Now, regarding the temperature and level data, these can be transmitted from the first temperature sensor (18) and the level sensor (21) directly to the computing unit (33), in case the first temperature sensor (18) and the level sensor (21) have processors configured to directly generate the temperature and level data, or are connected to a controller (32) configured to transform signals generated from the measurements of the first temperature sensor (18) and the level sensor (21) into data that are transmitted to the computing unit (33). Likewise, temperature and level data could be identified and tabulated by an operator, who would then supply them manually or transmit them via another electronic device to the computing unit (33). On the other hand, in several embodiments of the method, whether the oil concentration data in the press liquor (PL) is taken in real time, or obtained through laboratory analysis, the method may also include a step Al) prior to step a). In step Al) a residence time data of a batch of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm is obtained, where the residence time includes the time between a stage of receiving fresh fruit bunches (FFB) (1) and a stage of pressing oil palm fruits (5) in which the press liquor (PL) is obtained. Referring to FIG. 1, this FIG. shows an example of how residence time can be determined by analyzing the times and movements involved in a beneficiation plant where the following stages are performed: Reception (1) or receiving fresh fruit bunches (FFB) (1); Sterilization (2) of the fruit or sterilize the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) (2); Enjoyed (3) or enjoy oil palm fruits (3); Digestion (4) or digesting oil palm fruits (4), and Pressing (5) or pressing oil palm fruits (5). In this example, in the receiving stage (1), also called receiving fresh fruit bunches (FFB) (1), the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are weighed, dispensed into receiving hoppers, and placed on carts labeled according to the supplier and processing start time. The data collected in this stage—weight, time, and supplier—are stored for later processing, as described below. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Next, the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are sterilized (2), where the fresh fruit bunches of oil palm (FFB) are subjected to specific pressure and temperature conditions, in order to stop the action of the lipase enzyme and prevent the progress of the oil acidification process. For example, this stage involves treating fresh oil palm fruit bunches (FFB) with steam, which is generally done in a sterilizer capable of injecting and distributing steam at a pressure between 241 and 344 kPa (35-50 psi) for 75 to 95 minutes. However, it is understood that the sterilization of the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) (2) can be carried out at other temperature, pressure, and time intervals that are known to a person with a basic understanding of the subject. Subsequently, as illustrated in the example shown in FIG. 1, the step of detaching oil palm fruit (3) can be carried out using a rotary drum or trommel as illustrated, in which the fresh, sterilized oil palm fruit bunches (OFB) are lifted inside the drum and dropped to detach the oil palm fruit from the cobs. However, it will be understood that the present invention is not limited to the use of this methodology, but encompasses all alternatives available in the prior art for separating the fruit from the rachis or cob. Then, in the example shown in FIG. 1, the oil palm fruits are transported from the outlet of the oil palm fruit harvesting stage (3) by a solids transport mechanism, which in this example is a bucket elevator. The bucket elevator places the oil palm fruits into a digester, where the oil palm fruit digestion stage (4) takes place. The digester in this example has internal rotating elements that allow for the maceration of the oil palm fruit. Furthermore, the oil palm fruit is treated with steam at a temperature of approximately 80°C to 100°C. It is also understood that the stage of digesting the oil palm fruit (4) can be carried out in any other apparatus that has elements such as rotating paddles, lateral brakes for retaining the fruit mass, top feed gates and dosing to the press, a steam coil or injection system, and other equivalent elements known to a person with a reasonable understanding of the subject, which contribute to macerating the oil palm fruit without breaking the kernel inside. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Subsequently, a stage of press liquor (PL) analysis (6) or analyze the press liquor (6) and a stage of calculating the industrial oil potential (PIA) (7) or calculate the industrial oil potential (PIA) (7) are carried out, which can be executed from the stages of the modalities of the method disclosed here. For example, during the press liquor (PL) analysis stage (6), the flow rate and density of the press liquor (PL) can be determined using a weir device (36), which in the example shown in FIG. 1 is an open channel weir-type device, and by using industrial analytical instrumentation. This stage also includes the analysis of the press liquor (PL) composition, which can be performed before, during, or immediately after the discharge of the press liquor (PL) into the open channel device, considering that at this point there is a lower probability of mixing the press liquor (PL) with fresh oil palm fruit bunches (FFB) from different sources or suppliers. For example, the composition of press liquor (PL) can be analyzed by manually sampling it periodically and then measuring the volume of each phase present (oil, water, light sludge, and heavy sludge) in each sample. For instance, volumetric analysis can be performed by centrifuging the collected press liquor (PL) samples in graduated plastic test tubes. In other variations of the method, the daily oil extraction rate (OER) of the processing plant can be determined. In these variations, the sample collection period ranges from approximately 15 minutes to approximately 120 minutes. Alternatively, the collection period can be approximately 15 minutes or 60 minutes or longer. The oil extraction rate (TEA) is calculated from the industrial oil potential (PIA), taking into account a percentage of oil losses in effluents (%Ac. loss effluents) and a percentage of oil recovered from a stage of corn cob pressing (%Ac. corn cobs), according to the following expression: CQ / βηη / ιζηζ / Ε / γΐΛΐ TEA PIA %Ac.perdefluentesΉ ® / oAc. do you use Now, it will be understood that since the oil extraction rate (TEA) depends on the industrial oil potential (PIA), the oil extraction rate (TEA) can be obtained with the same frequency as the industrial oil potential (PIA), if it is possible to determine the percentage values ​​of oil losses in effluents (%Ac. loss[uents) and the percentage of oil recovered from a stage of pressing cobs (%Ac.recovery), at the same frequency, or if mathematical interpolation models are used that allow obtaining the values ​​required by the equation. In one embodiment of the method, the collected samples are centrifuged at approximately 3000–4000 RPM for approximately 3 to 10 minutes. In one example of the method, the temperature of the samples is maintained between approximately 60 and approximately 90°C during analysis. Alternatively, in another embodiment of the method, the analysis of the press liquor (PL) composition is performed automatically using a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) with a high-resolution diode array (NIR-VIS). In this way, the equipment provides data on the percentage of water and oil in the press liquor (PL) at predetermined intervals. The sampling period of the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) can range from approximately 1 second to approximately 10 seconds. Alternatively, the sampling period of the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) can be approximately 4 seconds. However, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the use of said analysis techniques, but rather encompasses all alternatives that allow the determination of the amount of oil per unit volume of the Press Liquor (PL). The data collected in this stage (6), temperature, density, time, flow rate and composition of the Press Liquor (PL), can be stored in a database or memory accessible to the computer unit (33). On the other hand, the present invention describes embodiments of an apparatus for determining the industrial oil potential (PIA) of oil palm fruit bunches from a press liquor (LP), hereinafter referred to as the apparatus. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Referring to FIG. 2, in one embodiment of the apparatus, it includes a spout device (36) with an inlet (17) configured for receiving press liquor (LP); an outlet (25) configured for removing press liquor (LP); and a dividing element (15) disposed between the inlet (17) and the outlet (25). Furthermore, the apparatus has a slot (34) located in the dividing element (15) and configured to allow the pouring of press liquor (LP) into the outlet (25). Additionally, the apparatus includes a temperature sensor (18) located near the slot (34) and configured to obtain a press liquor (LP) temperature data; a level sensor (21) located near the slot (34) and configured to obtain a press liquor (LP) height data; and a computing unit (33) configured to calculate the industrial oil potential (PIA) from an oil concentration data and the temperature and height data. One of the advantages of the apparatus having a weir device (36) is that the weir device (36) allows obtaining flow values ​​of Press Liquor (LP) based on measurements of Press Liquor (LP) height near the slot (34). The above is important considering that the technology available to date provides flow meters that, while they can obtain flow data from Press Liquor (PL), tend to become clogged or miscalibrated due to the physical properties of Press Liquor (PL), such as its turbidity, abrasiveness, viscosity, high concentration of solids, and low electrical conductivity. However, it shall be understood that flow meters and other instruments configured to directly or indirectly determine the flow rate of the Press Liquor (PL) may be used, and Press Liquor (PL) flow data may be processed together with temperature data and Press Liquor (PL) oil concentration data in the computing unit (33) in order to calculate the industrial oil potential (IIP). Referring to FIG. 2, the illustrated embodiment of the apparatus includes a weir device (36) with a first wall (37) located near the inlet (17); a second wall (38) located near the outlet (25) and a first panel (13) disposed between the first wall (37) and the dividing element (15). co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ The first panel (13) and the first wall (37) define a first cavity (8) configured to reduce the turbulence of the press liquor (LP) entering through the inlet (17). In addition, the first panel (13) and the dividing element (15) define a second cavity (9) communicating with the first cavity (8); where the second cavity (9) is configured to generate a precipitation of a solid phase (S) and an oil phase (Ac) (illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) contained in the press liquor (LP). During operation of the apparatus, the press liquor (LP) enters the weir device (36) through the inlet (17) into the first cavity (8). In the first cavity (8), the press liquor (LP) undergoes a reduction in velocity due to the abrupt change in the cross-section of the confining element, for example, the pipe illustrated in FIG. 2, which serves as the inlet (17). This change in area generates a change in velocity that allows the solid phase (S), shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, to begin settling. Additionally, in the first cavity (8), an upward flow of the Press Liquor (PL) is generated, causing it to overflow the first panel (13) and pass into the second cavity (9), where a downward flow is generated. It then flows upward through the second panel (14). The Press Liquor (PL) then passes through the slot (34), forming a crest that decreases in height towards the outlet (25). Furthermore, the weir device (36) may have a second panel (14) configured to form, with the dividing element (15), a third cavity (10), which is configured to achieve a level of Press Liquor (PL) that is as horizontal and free of turbulence as possible. The Press Liquor (PL) then passes through the slot (34) into a fourth cavity (11) defined by a fourth panel (16) and the dividing element (15). In this case, a pouring ridge is formed in the slot (34) that protrudes into the fourth cavity (11). In the vicinity of the slot (34) the height of the Press Liquor (PL) is measured with the level sensor (21), in order to obtain the crest level height data, or Press Liquor (PL) level that the computing unit (33) takes into account to calculate the industrial oil potential (IIP). Referring to FIG. 2, after the fourth cavity (11) the Press Liquor (PL) can pass to a fifth cavity (12) formed by the fourth panel (16) and the second wall (38). The third panel (16) is configured to reduce the turbulence of the Press Liquor (PL) flowing towards the outlet (25). Likewise, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the weir device (36) may include a dilution inlet (22) arranged between the outlet (25) and the dividing element (15) and configured to supply dilution water to the press liquor (PL). In the example shown, the dilution inlet (22) corresponds to a conduit through which water or steam condensates flow, taken from other stages of the beneficiation plant process where the apparatus is installed, such as boiler traps, sterilization condensates, and others. Additionally, in the realization of FIG. 2, one of the modes of the apparatus is represented, which has a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) arranged in a conduit configured to supply the press liquor (LP) to an inlet (17) of the weir device (36), where the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (34) is configured to obtain the oil concentration data. Preferably, the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (34) is connected to a processor (not illustrated) configured to determine the oil concentration data from signal processing using a near-infrared (NIR) radiation analysis technique and transmit the oil concentration data to the computing unit (33). Figure 2 illustrates a radar-type level sensor (21). This level sensor (21) allows for reliable measurements of the Press Liquor (PL) level near the slot (34), as this type of sensor generally has electronic infrastructure capable of filtering noise generated by vapors, insects, Press Liquor (PL) sampling, and other interruptions or intrusions that generate false measurements in other level sensors (21), such as optical, laser-operated, or sonar sensors. Similarly, FIG. 2 shows that the apparatus may include an extraction conduit (23) arranged at the bottom of the weir device (36) and an extraction mechanism (24) configured to extract sediments formed from the solid phase of the press liquor (PL). FIG. 2 shows that several extraction conduits (23) may be coupled to the same extraction mechanism (24). Additionally, FIG. 2 shows an example of an extraction conduit (3) in which a branch of conduits (39) is arranged at the bottom of the weir device (36). co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ In this way, the apparatus can evacuate solid phase sediments (S) that accumulate at the bottom of the weir device (36), which can cause an erroneous reading of the press liquor (LP) height by the level sensor (21). This would generate erroneous height data that affects the determination of the industrial oil potential (PIA). For example, FIG. 4 graphically shows how, when the extraction mechanism (24) is activated, the solid phase sediments (S) exit through the extraction conduit (23). Additionally, Figures 2, 3, and 4 show that the extraction conduit (23) includes a branch of conduits (39). This branch of conduits (39) provides multiple entry points for the sediment, facilitating its homogeneous extraction. Specifically, the embodiment of the apparatus illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 shows that the branch of conduits (39) is of a herringbone type. However, it is understood that, in other unillustrated embodiments, different configurations, shapes, and arrangements of the extraction duct (23) may be used. Likewise, different configurations for duct branching may be used (39). Figure 2 also shows one embodiment of the extraction mechanism (24) that includes a diaphragm pump and hydraulic accessories such as shut-off valves and pipe fittings. However, it is understood that other pumps selected from among screw pumps, progressive cavity pumps, lobe pumps, Eddy pumps, cam pumps, reciprocating pumps, centrifugal pumps, triplex pumps, diaphragm pumps, double diaphragm pumps, or other equivalent pumps known to a person skilled in the art may be used. Additionally, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, it is identified that the apparatus may include a plurality of temperature sensors (18, 19, 20) arranged near the slot (34) and vertically separated from each other. The temperature sensors (18, 19, 20) may be configured to obtain a plurality of temperature data that are transmitted to the computing unit (33). In this case, the computing unit (33) may also be configured to obtain thermal conductivity data, temperature gradients and temperature differentials, and other thermodynamic properties based on the temperature signals. CQ / βηη / ιζηζ / Ε / γΐΛΐ Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the apparatus shown has an open-channel weir (36) with a rectangular weir. The first panel (13) extends from the floor of the weir (36) to approximately 1 / 3 of its total height; the second panel (14) extends from the top of the weir (36) to approximately half its height; the dividing element (15) extends from the floor of the weir (36) to the top of the weir and has a rectangular vertical slot (34) at the top; and the fourth panel (16), which acts as a turbulence damper before the dilution of the press liquor (LP), extends from the floor of the weir (36) to approximately half its height. In an unillustrated version, the device also includes a graduated sight made of a material resistant to working conditions, such as heavy-duty glass. In one particular version, the sight is graduated in millimeters. On the other hand, in yet another embodiment, the apparatus has means for determining the temperature of the press liquor (PL) at at least three different positions inside the weir. In a preferred embodiment, the means for determining the temperature are selected from a group comprising thermocouple temperature sensors, thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), or similar devices. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the means for determining the temperature are thermocouple temperature sensors. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the rectangular weir-type open channel device of the invention features means for determining the level with level sensors such as guided wave radar sensors, contact sensors by capacitance measurement, or similar. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 2, this embodiment of the apparatus comprises a conduit configured as an inlet (17), a first temperature sensor (18) located in the first cavity (8), a second temperature sensor (19) located in the second cavity (9) together with a third temperature sensor (20) and a level sensor (21) of the press liquor (LP), located in the vicinity of the dividing element (15). On the other hand, in one embodiment, the rectangular weir-type open channel device of the invention comprises means for sediment evacuation, for example, an extraction conduit (23), means for controlling the sediment level, for example, an extraction mechanism (24), a dilution inlet (22), for example, a water discharge conduit, and an outlet (25) with means for the outlet of the diluted press liquor (DPL) to clarification. In one embodiment of the invention, the means for controlling the sediment level comprise piping systems made of materials suitable for working with press liquor (PL). In a particular embodiment, the means for controlling the sediment level comprise mechanical means that promote the movement of sediment through the piping, such as a pump or similar device. In yet another embodiment, the apparatus includes an open-channel weir (36) with a rectangular cross-section. The weir (36) has sediment evacuation means in the lower part of the first cavity (8), second cavity (9), and / or third cavity (10), where these means may be an extraction conduit (23) with a branch of conduits (39) in a herringbone pattern. In another embodiment, the sediment evacuation means are a simple pipe located on the side of the fourth cavity (11) and the fifth cavity (12). In an unillustrated mode, the evacuated sediments are recirculated to the first cavity (8), in order to take advantage of the oil content present in this solid phase. On the other hand, Figure 2 also illustrates the preferred position of the temperature sensors (18, 19, 20). The first temperature sensor (18) is located at the top, allowing it to measure the temperature of the incoming press liquor (PL) (and thus calculate the oil density). The second temperature sensor (19) is located at an intermediate height in the weir, allowing it to detect the presence of oil or sludge by comparing its temperature reading with that of the first sensor (18). The third temperature sensor (20) is located at the bottom of the weir, allowing it to detect the presence of sludge and sediment by comparing its temperature reading with those of the first and second sensors (19).These temperature sensors (18, 19, 20) allow for efficient control of sediment output, preventing inappropriate oil output. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Thus, by measuring the temperature at different heights, it is possible to know the amount of sediment present in the landfill, so that it is possible to control it by means of sediment evacuation and control, for example, with the extraction conduit (23) and the extraction mechanism (24) illustrated in FIGs. 2 to 5. Where the location, in terms of height of said evacuation means (P) will be determined based on the maximum level of sediment allowed. As illustrated in Figure 4, sediment accumulation at the bottom of the weir can influence the LP level reading obtained using the level sensor (N). However, the estimated error is less than 0.5% of the sensor reading. Therefore, the inclusion of means for removing this sediment, such as pipes and pumps, facilitates tank cleaning and maintenance and prevents the accumulation of sediment that could affect system operation at the end of the processing week (assuming 24-hour work shifts). This tank cleaning and maintenance process is preferably carried out at the end of the work week, utilizing the plant's scheduled maintenance shifts. Referring to FIG. 5, an embodiment of the apparatus is shown which has an open channel rectangular weir type weir device (36), wherein said weir device (36) is configured for operation on elevated platforms. Thus, in said embodiment, the open channel weir-type device of the invention has four compartments bounded by a first dividing panel (26), a dividing element (15), and a second dividing panel (28). Wherein, the first dividing panel (26) extends from the top of the weir device (36) to approximately 4 / 5 of its height; the dividing element (15) extends from the bottom of the weir device (36) to the top of the device and has a rectangular vertical slot (34) in said top; and, finally, the second dividing panel (28), which acts as a turbulence attenuator before the dilution of the press liquor (LP), extends from the bottom of the weir device (36) to approximately one-quarter of the height of the dividing element (15). Where the second dividing panel (28) is also used as a reference for system calibration when generating the equation that relates the height of the Press Liquor co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ (LP) (determined using the level sensor (21)), with the flow rate of the Press Liquor (LP), to obtain the volume of Press Liquor (LP). Likewise, in this configuration, the weir device (36) is an open channel device of the rectangular weir type with a discharge conduit arranged as an inlet (17) through which the Press Liquor (PL) enters, a first temperature sensor (18), a second temperature sensor (19), and a third temperature sensor (20), which are located near the dividing element (15). The illustrated weir device (36) also has a level sensor (21) for the Press Liquor (PL), also located near the dividing element (15). Furthermore, in this embodiment, the weir device (36) includes means for sediment removal, which are identified in FIG. 5 as an extraction conduit (23) connected to the floor of the weir device (36). Additionally, FIG. 5 shows a discharge conduit for hot water or sterilization condensates for dilution arranged as the dilution inlet (22), and means for the outlet of the diluted press liquor (DPL) to clarification, which correspond to a conduit configured as the outlet (25). Furthermore, an actuator configured to control the flow rate of the dilution water, for example, a solenoid valve, which can be of the on / off type, or preferably, of the proportional type, can be arranged upstream of the dilution inlet (22). Additionally, before the dilution inlet (22) electronic volumetric flow measurement devices can be provided based on ultrasound, electromagnetic, Coriolis, or other types of flow meters known to a person moderately versed in the subject. The weir device (36) is manufactured from materials resistant to the process conditions. For example, the weir device (36) can be made of a material selected from carbon steel, cast iron, galvanized iron, chromium steels, chromium-nickel steels, chromium-nickel-titanium steels, nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloys, ferrous chromium-molybdenum alloys, stainless steel 301, stainless steel 302, stainless steel 304, stainless steel 316, stainless steel 405, stainless steel 410, stainless steel 430, stainless steel 442, manganese alloy steel, and combinations thereof. In one particular embodiment, the weir device (36) is manufactured from stainless steel. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ On the other hand, referring to FIG. 6A, the apparatus may include a system for monitoring in real time the industrial oil potential (PIA) and other operating parameters of the palm oil extraction process in a beneficiation plant comprising: A first module (30) for collecting input fruit data (weight and time), characterized in that it comprises a communication interface with the operator, A second module (31) or measuring module comprising temperature sensors (18, 19, 20) and a level sensor (21) arranged to determine the flow rate of the press liquor (LP), additionally presenting the parameters obtained through sensors and others calculated from equations, experimental and theoretical models for the system, A parameter monitoring, system control and data communication module, for example, a controller (32), characterized in that said module comprises either Means for receiving the data collected by the collection and measurement modules (first module (30) and second module (31)), or Storage means (not illustrated), or Means for transmitting the collected data (not illustrated), or A communication interface with the operator, A control center (iv) or computing unit (33) characterized in that it comprises: or Means for receiving data transmitted by the parameter monitoring, system control and data communication module, or Storage means configured as a system database, or Means for processing the collected data, or Means for monitoring the different process parameters and controlling the process, or Means for displaying the collected data, means for data transmission, and a communication interface with the operator, Optionally, one or more remote monitoring modules (29) comprising means for receiving and transmitting data, and means for displaying the same. CQ / βηη / ιζηζ / Ε / γΐΛΐ Where the second module (31) includes some of the embodiments of the weir device (36) of the apparatus described above. The first module (30) may include an HID (Human Interface Device), which in turn may include, without limitation, a keyboard, mouse, trackball, touchpad, pointing device, joystick, touchscreen, and other devices capable of allowing a user to input data into the device's computing unit, and combinations thereof. For example, the first module (30) may include an HMI touchscreen device. In this way, the first module (30) allows an operator to supply information concerning the identification of a batch of fresh bunches of oil palm fruit (RFF) and the processing start time. Likewise, the first module (30) includes a processor that can be selected from microcontrollers, microprocessors, DSCs (Digital Signal Controllers), FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices), ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), SoCs (System on Chips), PSoCs (Programmable System on Chips), computers, servers, tablets, cell phones, smartphones, signal generators, and other types of processors familiar to anyone with a basic understanding of the subject, as well as combinations thereof. This same type of processor can be used in the other modules (29, 31) and in the computing unit (33). Furthermore, the first module (30) may include storage media, such as RAM (cache, SRAM, DRAM, DDR), ROM (Flash, cache, hard drives, SSD, EPROM, EEPROM, removable ROM (e.g., SD (miniSD, microSD, etc.), MMC (MultiMedia Card), Compact Flash, SMC (Smart Media Card), SDC (Secure Digital Card), MS (Memory Stick), among others)), CD-ROM, digital versatile discs (DVD), or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, or any other medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by the processor. This same type of storage media may be used in the other modules (29, 31) and in the computing unit (33). co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Likewise, the first module (30) may include data transmission media such as Ethernet, USB, SD, I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), CAN (Controller Area Network), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), SCI (Serial Communication Interface), QSPI (Quad Serial Peripheral Interface), 1-Wire, D2B (Domestic Digital Bus), Profibus, and others familiar to anyone with a basic understanding of the subject. These same types of data transmission media can be used to interconnect the other modules (29, 31) and the computing unit (33). The data transmission means allow the first module (30) to be connected to the computing unit (33). The connection between the first module (30) and the computing unit (33) can be made using a communications protocol. For example, the communications protocol can be selected from among AS-i according to the international standard IEC62026-2, Bristol Standard Asynchronous Protocol (BSAP), CC-Link Industrial Networks, CIP, CAN bus (Controlled Area Network) such as CANopen and DeviceNet, ControlNet, DF-1, DirectNET, EtherCAT, Ethernet Global Data (EGD), Ethernet Powerlink, EtherNet / IP, or a FINS Foundation-type fieldbus (e.g.H1, HSE), GE SRTP (Service Request Transport Protocol), HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) protocol, Honeywell SDS (Intelligent Distributed System), HostLink, INTERBUS, 10-Link, MECHATROLINK, MelsecNet, Modbus, Modbus RTU, Modbus ASCII, Modbus TCP / IP or Modbus TCP, Modbus over TCP / IP or Modbus over TCP or Modbus RTU / IP, Modbus over UDP, Modbus Plus (Modbus+, MB+ or MBP), Pemex Modbus, Enron Modbus, Optomux, Process Image Exchange Protocol (PieP), Profibus, PROFINET IO, RAPIEnet (Real-time Automation Protocols for Industrial Ethernet), SERCOS interface, SERCOS III, Sinec H1, SynqNet, or Time-Triggered Ethernet (SAE AS6802), and other protocols known to a person with a moderate knowledge of the subject.These same communication protocols can be used to communicate and interconnect the other modules (29, 31) and the computing unit (33). The device can also include a firewall configured to establish a secure connection between the remote monitoring modules (29) and the computing unit (33), thereby preventing cyberattacks that could affect the device's operation. Similarly, the first module (30), the remote monitoring modules (29) and the computing unit (33) can be configured to establish communication through a communications network such as the Internet, WAN, LAN, 4G, 5G and other communications networks known to a person moderately versed in the subject. Additionally, the first module (30) may include a display device that can be connected to a computer unit and display its output, selected from among others such as CRT monitors (Cathode Ray Tube), flat panel displays, LCD liquid crystal displays, active matrix LCD displays, passive matrix LCD displays, LED displays, display projectors, TVs (4KTV, HDTV, plasma TVs, Smart TVs), OLED displays (Organic Light Emitting Diode displays), AMOLED displays (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode displays), QD quantum dot displays, segment displays, among other devices capable of displaying data to a user, known to experts in the art, and combinations thereof.This same type of display devices can be used in the other modules (29, 31) and in the computing unit (33). In a preferred embodiment, the parameter monitoring module corresponds to a controller (32), for example a programmable logic controller (PLC), characterized in that it comprises data receiving means, such as configurable analog ports that receive data obtained by the temperature and level sensors, and by the first module (30); storage means, such as a high-capacity internal memory; data transmission means, such as Modbus RTU or Ethernet modules; and an operator communication interface, such as a simple display or a touch screen. Preferably, the computing unit (33) is located in a space, such as a laboratory or office, under controlled conditions of electrical supply and personnel safety. In a preferred embodiment, the computing unit (33) is a computer comprising means for receiving data transmitted from the controller (32), such as USB or Ethernet ports; storage means, such as high-capacity memory; data processing means; and means for displaying the collected data, such as simple or touch screens; data transmission means, such as ports or the like; and an operator communication interface. The computing unit (33) can be configured to access a database, for example, a database stored on the storage media. Likewise, the computing unit (33) can be configured to execute an algorithm, routine, or software that allows the calculation of the industrial oil potential (PIA). Preferably, the remote monitoring modules (29) correspond to an HMI touch screen type device, which is characterized by comprising an operator communication interface, storage media, such as high capacity internal FLASH and / or SDRAM memories, and data transmission media, such as Ethernet, serial, USB and / or SD type ports. In another embodiment, the methods and devices disclosed herein may be part of a process for remote monitoring of the parameters of the palm oil extraction process in processing plants that includes the operations performed by the monitoring system described above. In a further embodiment, the apparatus disclosed herein may execute on its computing unit (33), or on another computer or server, a computer program comprising software code that enables the monitoring process steps or operations performed by the monitoring system described above to be carried out when said program is executed on a computer. In a further embodiment, the device disclosed here can run computer programs in its controller (32), for example, algorithms developed for programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and programs developed for HMI displays or user interaction and display units. On the other hand, Figure 6B shows another possible embodiment of the system for real-time monitoring of the industrial oil potential (PIA) and other operating parameters of the palm oil extraction process in a processing plant. In addition to the features previously explained with reference to Figure 6A, the embodiment in Figure 6B includes a dilution control module (41) equipped with a proportional valve (42) configured to control the flow of dilution water supplied to the press liquor (PL), for example, near the outlet (25) of the weir device (36). The dilution control module (41) may include a controller similar to controller (32), configured as an auxiliary or slave controller. The dilution control module controller (41) may be configured to send a control signal to the proportional valve (42) as the output of a comparison process. The comparison process takes as input a desired dilution factor, which corresponds to a ratio between the percentage of oil and the percentage of water going to a clarification stage. The dilution factor depends on process conditions determined by the capacity and machinery available for pumping the diluted press liquor (DPL). Additionally, the control process takes as input data oil concentration and data on the diluted press liquor (DPL).Diluted Press Liquor (DPL) level data can be obtained with a level sensor (not polished) placed in the area where the dilution water is mixed with the Press Liquor (PL). Furthermore, in embodiments of the apparatus that include the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35), the NIR spectrometer (35) can be configured to obtain oil concentration data and water concentration data from the press liquor (PL). This oil concentration data and water concentration data are supplied as input to the dilution control module controller (41). Additionally, the dilution control module controller (41) can be configured to run a proportional-derivative-integral (PID) control program, fuzzy control, and other control techniques known to a moderately knowledgeable person. In another embodiment, the present invention further includes the following preliminary steps for the preparation and implementation of the methodology of the invention: Collect information regarding process conditions and the physical specifications of the plant, Conduct a time and motion study of the process in the processing plant, Based on the information collected, design, manufacture and install the landfill device (36), Select the appropriate monitoring and control instrumentation for measuring press liquor (PL) parameters and associated process conditions, Calibrate the weir device (36) to obtain the experimental model that relates the height of the press liquor (LP) to its flow rate. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Optionally, program the instrumentation and develop computer tools such as computer programs or mobile applications that integrate the information required for the determination of the industrial potential of oil (PIA). Thus, in the information gathering stage, the physical conditions of the plant are determined, such as distances between the equipment or systems where the unit operations of the process are carried out, flow rates of the LP and for dilution using hot water or sterilization condensates. In addition, the presence of equipment and elements available for laboratory analysis at the processing plant is established. The data collected in this stage will be used later for the design of the weir device (36). For its part, during the time and motion study, the residence times are statistically determined from the reception of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) until the final separation of the cake and nuts (generally in the polishing drum), including digestion and pressing. Preferably, this stage is carried out using stopwatches, rubber markers of a size similar to that of a fruit, and activity reporting forms. For its part, the calibration of the weir device (36) is done by means of the collection and analysis of a group of flow and level data, so that it is possible to establish a highly reliable mathematical model that allows for an adequate correlation, preferably with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.95. Preferably, the invention relates to the storage and organization of the data collected during these previous stages, so as to establish a database of the operation of the beneficiation plant and the landfill-type device of the invention. co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Examples: Example 1: Comparison of the daily values ​​of industrial oil potential (PIA) and oil extraction rate (TEA) in a beneficiation plant Using an open channel device according to the invention and following the proposed methodology, the determination of the industrial potential of oil (PIA) was carried out at the Agroindustrial del Sur del Cesar y Cía. Ltda. (Agroince) processing plant. Figure 7 shows the results of the daily determinations of industrial oil potential (PIA) and oil extraction rate (TEA), as well as the results obtained using the real-time method of the invention. It can be observed that measuring daily values ​​using conventional methods does not allow for the observation of the variability associated with this parameter (green and orange lines), making it impossible to identify potential improvements to the process or to determine the industrial oil potential (PIA) per fruit shipment for the suppliers analyzed during the day. Example 2: Classification of suppliers according to the values ​​of the industrial potential of oil (PIA) Once the methodology was implemented, it was possible to classify the suppliers based on the determined industrial oil potential (PIA) values, as shown in FIG. 8. In this way, it is possible to identify opportunities for improvement in the processing plant, since by determining the industrial oil potential (PIA) per shipment of fruit from the supplier, it is possible to classify the suppliers, establish metrics for adjusting payment based on industrial oil potential (PIA), determine the most favorable growing conditions, and perform other analyses that allow for increased productivity of the processing plant. Example 3: Comparison of the industrial potential of oil (PIA) values ​​obtained by implementing two different measurement methodologies To assess whether there are significant variations between the determination of the industrial potential of oil (PIA) carried out by the implementation of the semi-automated co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ system and the automated system using NIR Online, comparative measurements were made considering the measurement frequency for both systems. The results, shown in FIG. 9, demonstrate that the behavior in general terms is quite similar, and therefore the choice of one or the other alternative will depend on the needs and particular conditions of the processing plant in which the system is implemented. Example 4: Computation Unit Algorithm (33) In one embodiment of the device, the computing unit (33) is configured to execute the algorithm depicted in FIG. 10. The algorithm has a first stage (I) of establishing communication between the first module (30), the second module (31), and the remote monitoring modules (29). Subsequently, the algorithm proceeds to a stage (II) of selecting a sampling time for temperature, level, and oil concentration. The sampling time will depend on the sampling capacity of the temperature sensors (18, 19, 20) and the level sensor (21). It also depends on the laboratory equipment's ability to obtain oil concentration data, or on the sampling capacity of the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35). Subsequently, the algorithm proceeds to stage III) of verifying whether a sampling time less than zero has been selected. If a sampling time less than zero has been selected, then stage II) is repeated. If the sampling time is greater than zero, then the algorithm proceeds to stage IV) of receiving variables from the controller (32). The controller (32) can be a programmable logic controller that processes analog signals from the level sensor (21) and the first temperature sensor (18), second temperature sensor (19), and / or third temperature sensor (20), and generates the height and temperature data necessary to calculate the industrial oil potential (PIA). Next, the algorithm proceeds to stage V) of receiving variables from the processor of the first module (30). This processor connects to the HMI device used by an operator to input information about the supplier providing a specific batch of fresh oil palm fruit bunches (FFB). Additionally, in stage V) communication is established with a database of suppliers of fresh oil palm fruit bunches (FFB). co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ Subsequently, the algorithm has a stage VI) in which it checks whether a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) connected to the computing unit (33) is detected. If so, it then proceeds to stage VIII) of receiving oil concentration data from the processor of the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) and then to stage IX) of calculating the industrial oil potential (PIA) based on the temperature, level, and oil concentration data. Conversely, if there is no near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) connected to the computing unit (33), then it proceeds directly to stage VII) of receiving oil concentration data from the laboratory terminal and then to stage IX). Step Vil) can be executed after the computing unit (33) sends a request to the laboratory terminal, and the terminal responds by sending the oil concentration data. The oil concentration data from the terminal can also be stored in databases configured to be accessed by the computing unit (33), for example, SQL databases. The algorithm then proceeds to stage X) of saving the results of the Industrial Oil Potential (PIA) calculation to a database and then to stage XI) where it checks if a user has entered an instruction to stop the algorithm. If so, the algorithm terminates; if not, the algorithm returns to stage I). It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the modalities described and illustrated, since, as will be evident to a person versed in the art, there are possible variations and modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the invention, which is defined only by the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining the industrial oil potential (PIA) of oil palm fruit bunches from press liquor (LP) continuously in an oil palm fruit processing plant, comprising: a. settling the press liquor (LP) in a weir device (36) configured to generate a separation of a solid phase (S) and an oil phase (Ac) from the press liquor (LP); b. obtaining a height reading of the press liquor (LP) by means of a level sensor (21) located near a slot (34) of the weir device (36), wherein the slot (34) is configured to allow the pouring of press liquor (LP) towards an outlet (25) of the weir device (36); c. obtaining a temperature reading of the press liquor (LP) by means of a temperature sensor (18) located near the slot (34); d.obtaining an oil concentration data point from the press liquor (LP) supplied to the weir device (36), wherein the oil concentration data point in the press liquor (LP) is obtained by means of a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) disposed in a conduit connected to the weir device (36); di. receiving in a computing unit (33) from a communication interface a mass data point of fresh fruit bunches processed between a first time (ti) and a second time (t2), wherein the mass data of fresh fruit bunches processed is entered by an operator in the communication interface; and e.Calculate the PIA using the computing unit (33) from the mass, temperature, height, and oil concentration data from stages b, c, dy, and di, where the computing unit (33) performs the following steps: determine a sampling time for temperature, level, and oil concentration taking as input a sampling capacity of the level sensor (21), a sampling capacity of the temperature sensor (18), and a sampling capacity of the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35); capture height data, temperature data, and oil concentration data at time intervals defined by the sampling time; and calculate the PIA for each time interval, co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ, where each PIA and sampling time is stored in a database accessed by the computing unit (33).

2. The method of Claim 1, further comprising prior to step a) a step 1a) of obtaining a residence time data of a batch of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm, wherein the residence time includes the time between a step of receiving fresh fruit bunches (FFB) (1) and a step of pressing oil palm fruits (5) in which the press liquor (PL) is obtained.

3. The method of Claim 2, wherein in step e) the industrial oil potential (PIA) associated with the batch of fresh fruit bunches (FPP) of oil palm is calculated from the temperature, level and oil concentration data from steps b, c and d, and the residence time data from step A1).

4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oil level data is obtained by means of a radar-type level sensor (21).

5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a step of recirculating the solid phase (S) from step a) through a conduit by which the press liquor (LP) is supplied to the weir device (36), wherein the recirculation of the solid phase (S) allows the oil content present in said solid phase (S) to be utilized.

6. The method of Claim 1, wherein in step e) of calculating by means of a computing unit (33) the industrial potential of oil (PIA) from the mass, temperature, height and oil concentration data from steps b, c, and d, the computing unit (33) performs the following steps: a. obtaining by means of the computing unit (33) an oil density data (Pac(O) taking as input the temperature data in a function p(T) = * T + / c2; b. obtaining by means of the computing unit (33) a press liquor flow rate data (QlpG) taking as input the press liquor height data (LP) in a function QLP(h.) — Ko * h.3 / 2, where Ko is obtained from a calibration process of the weir device (36); and c. obtain by means of the computing unit (33) the industrial potential of oil (PIA) between the first time (ti) and the second time (t2) according to the co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ ί2 r ' nj λ όΙρ(.0*χνοΙαχ:(.0*Ρασ(.0*^ . . nnrt2 । । .। , PIA function = —------------------> where RFF^ is the mass data of RFFn bunches of fresh fruit processed between the first time (ti) and the second time (t2).

7. An apparatus for determining the industrial oil potential (PIA) of oil palm fruit bunches from press liquor (LP) continuously in an oil palm fruit processing plant, comprising: a pouring device (36) with: an inlet (17) configured to receive the press liquor (LP); an outlet (25) configured to remove the press liquor (LP); a dividing element (15) disposed between the inlet (17) and the outlet (25); a slot (34) located in the dividing element (15) and configured to allow the pouring of press liquor (LP) into the outlet (25); a temperature sensor (18) located near the slot (34) and configured to obtain a temperature reading of the press liquor (LP); a level sensor (21) located near the slot (34) and configured to obtain a height reading of the press liquor (LP);a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) disposed in a conduit connected to the weir device (36) and configured to obtain an oil concentration data point from the press liquor (PL); and a computing unit (33) configured to calculate the industrial oil potential (IOP) from the oil concentration data point and the temperature and altitude data points, wherein the computing unit (33) performs the following steps: receiving from a communication interface a mass data point of fresh fruit bunches processed between a first time (ti) and a second time (t2) wherein the mass data of fresh fruit bunches processed is entered by an operator on the communication interface;determine a sampling time for temperature, level, and oil concentration taking as input a sampling capacity of the level sensor (21), a sampling capacity of the temperature sensor (18), and a sampling capacity of the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35); capture height data, temperature data, and oil concentration data at time intervals defined by the sampling time; and calculate the industrial oil potential (PIA) for each time interval, co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ where each industrial oil potential (PIA) and sampling time is stored in a database accessed by the computing unit (33).

8. The apparatus of Claim 7, wherein the weir device (36) includes: a first wall (37) located near the inlet (17); a second wall (38) located near the outlet (25); a first panel (13) disposed between the first wall (37) and the dividing element (15), wherein the first panel (13) and the first wall (37) define a first cavity (8) configured to reduce the turbulence of the press liquor (LP) entering through the inlet (17); and wherein the first panel (13) and the dividing element (15) define a second cavity (9) communicating with the first cavity (8); wherein the second cavity (9) is configured to generate a precipitation of a solid phase (S) and an oil phase (Ac) contained in the press liquor (LP).

9. The apparatus of Claim 8, wherein the weir device (36) further includes a second panel (14) disposed between the first panel (13) and the dividing element (15), wherein the second panel (14) and the dividing panel (15) define a third cavity (10) configured to generate an upward flow of the press liquor (LP) towards the groove.

10. The apparatus of Claim 8, wherein the weir device (36) further includes a third panel (16) disposed between the second wall (38) and the dividing element (15), wherein the third panel (16) is configured to reduce the turbulence of the press liquor (LP) flowing towards the outlet (25).

11. The apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 10, further comprising a dilution inlet (22) disposed between the outlet (25) and the dividing element (15) and configured to supply dilution water to the press liquor (LP).

12. The apparatus of Claim 8, wherein the near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (35) is connected to a processor configured to determine the oil concentration data from signal processing using a near-infrared (NIR) radiation analysis technique and transmit the oil concentration data to the computing unit (33).

13. The apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 12, wherein the level sensor (21) is a radar-type level sensor.

14. The apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 13, further comprising an extraction conduit (23) disposed at the bottom of the weir device (36) and an extraction mechanism (24) configured to extract sediments formed by the solid phase of the press liquor (PL).

15. The apparatus of Claim 14, wherein the extraction conduit (23) includes a branch of conduits (39) arranged at the bottom of the weir device (36).

16. The apparatus of Claim 14, wherein the branching of ducts (39) is of the fishbone type.

17. The apparatus according to any of Claims 14 to 16, wherein the extraction mechanism (24) includes a diaphragm pump.

18. The apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 17, wherein the slot (34) has a shape selected from rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, semicircular, and semiellipsoid I.

19. The apparatus of Claim 18, wherein the slot (34) is rectangular in shape.

20. The apparatus according to any of Claims 7 to 19, further comprising a plurality of temperature sensors (18, 19, 20) arranged near the slot (34) and vertically separated from each other.

21. The apparatus of Claim 20, wherein the temperature sensors (18, 19, 20) are configured to obtain a plurality of temperature data that are transmitted to the computing unit (33), wherein the computing unit (33) is further configured to obtain thermal conductivity data, temperature gradients, and temperature differentials based on the temperature signals.

22. The apparatus of Claim 7, further comprising a first module (30) which includes: saving by means of the computing unit (33) the results of the calculation of the industrial oil potential (PIA) in a database.

25. The method of Claim 24, further comprising: establishing communication between the computing unit (33) and the second module (31), and a first module (30), wherein the first module (30) includes: the communication interface configured to allow an operator to enter at least one data item selected from fresh oil palm fruit (FFP) input data, a fresh oil palm fruit bunch (FFP) batch identification data, and a time data item; and a communication unit configured to transmit at least one data item received at the user interaction device to the computing unit (33);where in the stage of calculating by means of the computing unit (33) the industrial potential of oil (PIA), the computing unit (33) takes as input the data of mass, temperature, level and concentration of oil and at least one data received from the first module (30) and obtains as output the industrial potential of oil (PIA) associated with a batch of bunches of fresh oil palm fruit (FFP).; 26. The method according to Claim 25, wherein the sampling time is entered by the operator on the user interaction device of the first module (30), and wherein the method further comprises a step of verifying by means of the computing unit (33) whether the operator has selected a sampling time less than zero, wherein: if the operator entered a sampling time less than zero, then the computing unit (33) executes a step of displaying on the user interaction device of the first module (30) an alert to adjust the sampling time; and a step of receiving on the user interaction device of the first module (30) the sampling time entered by the operator;where, if the sampling time entered by the operator is greater than zero, then the method proceeds to the stage of receiving in the computing unit (33) the data on the temperature of the press liquor (LP), the data on the height of the press liquor (LP), and the data on the oil concentration of the press liquor (LP) according to the selected sampling time.; 27. The method according to any of Claims 24 to 26, wherein calculating by means of a computing unit (33) the industrial potential of oil (PIA) from the data co / βηη / ιζηζ / E / γ of mass, temperature, height and oil concentration of stages b, c, dy di, the computing unit (33) performs the following steps: obtaining by means of the computing unit (33) a data of oil density (Pac^J) taking as input the temperature data in a function ρ(Ί) = 5 k± * T + k2; 10 - obtain by means of the computing unit (33) a press liquor flow rate data (LP) QLP(t) taking as input the press liquor height data (LP) in a function QLpQi) — Ko * h3^2, where Ko is obtained from a calibration process of the weir device (36); and 10 - obtain by means of the computing unit (33) the industrial potential of oil (PIA) between the first time (ti) and the second time (t2) according to the function t2 ni λ fti QlpW^voI PIA = —----------75---------.where RFFff is the mass data of bunches of RFF^ ' rl fresh fruit processed between the first time (ti) and the second time (t2).

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