METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM VINASE ENRICHED WITH CELLULOSE SEPARATED FROM MULTILAYER PACKAGING

Abstract

The present invention has succeeded in obtaining a high value-added product from two very common, abundant, and highly polluting waste materials: multilayer packaging and vinasse. In this context, this invention offers multiple benefits in various technological areas. On the one hand, it allows for the reuse, and thus the valorization, of multilayer packaging waste and vinasse, a byproduct of the alcohol production industry, resulting in a significant and beneficial environmental impact. It also enables the production of high-quality bioethanol from waste products, thereby preventing the bioethanol production industry from consuming agricultural grains such as corn and sorghum, and avoiding increased input costs. Additionally, polyethylene and aluminum are also valorized for reuse, with the consequent environmental and economic benefits.

Description

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM VINASE ENRICHED WITH CELLULOSE SEPARATED FROM MULTILAYER PACKAGING οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / E / γίΛΐ TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention belongs to the technical field of chemistry. Specifically, it relates to the technical field of processes for the separation and utilization of waste, and more specifically, to a method for producing ethanol from a mixture of vinasse enriched with cellulose, obtained from multilayer packaging. BACKGROUND Globally, especially in large cities, solid waste management has posed a significant problem due, among other things, to the high volumes of solid waste generated by users. When this waste is not managed properly, it can negatively impact public health and the environment. Given this situation, there is a need to provide new techniques for waste treatment and, where applicable, its recycling for the production of new products, particularly ethanol. For the purposes of this report, the problem focuses specifically on two waste materials: multilayer packaging and vinasse, with the aim of obtaining a new product: ethanol. The multilayer packaging, better known as Tetra Pak or Tetra Brik, was introduced to the market in 1963 as the result of extensive research to replace the tetrahedral-shaped packaging. Because each package contains 21 g of cardboard, 5.8 g of polyethylene, and 1.4 g of aluminum arranged in five layers (three of polyethylene, one of aluminum, and one of cardboard), its handling and processing are complex and costly, and efficient separation of the materials is not always possible. Today, various methods for recycling containers are known, such as the one described in Mexican application MX / a / 2014 / 001722, which refers to a process for obtaining composite material from agglomerated aseptic containers, comprising the following stages: a) pressing grains of no more than 5mm in diameter of aseptic container onto a die at a pressure of between 3T and 15T, according to the required shape; and b) subjecting to thermal compression for approximately 40 minutes at an average temperature of 300 °C without removing the pressure previously achieved on the aseptic container grains, to melt the polyethylene of the aseptic container and join the paper and aluminum. In other cases, the recycling of multilayer packaging focuses on manufacturing a wood-like composite material, which can be used to make furniture and coverings. However, currently, the trend in recycling is towards separating the components of aseptic packaging, such as aluminum and paper, or generating energy in the case of polyethylene. European patent EP 0801168 (B) proposes a method and apparatus for collecting individual layers of a laminated film containing multiple layers made of different materials by peeling or separating the layers from one another. The laminated film, which has a plurality of layers made of different materials, is shredded into a plurality of fragments to be processed. These fragments are peeled or separated according to layer type by applying a frictional impact force to each fragment. Subsequently, the peeled or separated layers obtained in the peeling and separation step are subjected to a wind force sorting step. The layers collected in the mixed state are separated from one another and collected individually. However, the method is intended solely for separating layers of the packaging to obtain the individual fibers. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ While multilayer packaging is 100% recyclable thanks to its composition of recyclable materials such as aluminum, cardboard, and polyethylene, large-scale recycling is costly because it involves a material separation stage, which is extremely complex. On the other hand, recycling, as can be thoroughly examined in various prior art documents, mostly does not require complete material separation. Instead, the materials are combined to manufacture or reinforce construction materials with improved mechanical and acoustic properties. Meanwhile, separation processes involve high temperatures and mechanical operations, requiring specialized machinery that complicates implementation and accessibility, and, of course, increases the overall cost. On the other hand, another highly polluting industrial waste product is vinasse, the final residue from the fermentation and distillation of must from various crops (sorghum, corn, barley, beets, agave, sugarcane, etc.) in the alcohol production industry. Vinasse is a sweet-smelling, dark brown liquid. It is highly polluting, primarily due to its high concentration of dissolved and suspended organic matter, its high concentration of phenols (which are considered recalcitrant due to their difficulty in degrading), its conductivity, and its high hardness, indicating that it is a potentially toxic waste for aquatic life if discharged without proper treatment. In production, between 12 and 15 liters of vinasse are obtained for every liter of alcohol produced (Conadesuco, 2016).The type of vinasse depends directly on the alcohol production process and the type of agricultural product used to prepare the must through fermentation. Distillery wastewater imposes heavy pollutant loads that must be reduced in water treatment plants due to high levels of brown color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and dissolved and suspended solids. In this regard, many methods are known for treating vinasse before discharge to reduce the pollutants present, in addition to other techniques that allow it to be used to produce fish feed, vinegar, or more complex products such as the saccharification / fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass, and even to obtain dispersants, among other uses. Such is the case of Mexican patent application JL 2003000040 (A), which relates to a process and equipment for treating residual vinasse generated in the tequila industry during the distillation and crushing stage. The purpose of this process is to eliminate contaminants contained in the vinasse and recover water using steam. This invention also relates to a novel heat exchanger and vinasse evaporator used in the process to ensure that the generated steam is 100% pure water vapor. This results in water savings by reusing the steam in the process line, eliminating wastewater discharges into canals or rivers. The solids recovered from the process can be used to produce byproducts with high fiber, sugar, or protein content, or as a mixture for livestock feed, biofertilizer, or for the production of ethyl alcohols. Additionally, international application WO 2013058761 (A) is known, which presents a wastewater treatment system used to reduce contaminant levels in vinasse waste streams. The system is particularly effective in reducing total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) below acceptable limits. The wastewater treatment system includes the interconnected components of a coarse suspended solids removal unit, a coarse filtration unit, an ultrafiltration unit, a nanofiltration unit, and a reverse osmosis network. The output of this system can meet drinking water standards. QFnnnn / nznz / B / YiAi Mexican application MX 2017014868 (A) provides a process for obtaining vinegar from the treatment of agave vinasse and agave honey, which comprises a filtration stage to remove solids, sterilization and evaporation / concentration, addition of acetic acid, water, preservatives and sugars, sweeteners from agave. Qznfrnn / nznz / E / YiAi Mexican patent MX 348143 (B) describes an alternative to completely solve existing vinasse problems, particularly in the production of bioethanol from vegetable raw materials. It proposes a method for producing food from crustaceans of the genus Artery (brine shrimp) or copepods (oar-foot crustaceans) or daphnia (water fleas) or rotifer-like limbs or protozoa (protozoans). This method is characterized in that the crustacean / microbe cultures are fed at least partially with vinasse, preferably with thin vinasse, particularly from bioethanol production, and with the yeasts contained in the vinasse.In relation to the above, it is also proposed that the process heat produced during vinasse production, particularly during bioethanol production, be used to heat water for the cultivation of crustaceans / microbes and / or algae in order to utilize the thermal energy content of the vinasse in a useful way. Based on the analysis of the prior art, no document was found disclosing a method involving the application of vinasse in a process for separating the different materials of multilayer containers. It should be noted that the method proposed in this invention is neither obviously derived from nor suggested by prior art knowledge. This is because methods for treating vinasse are aimed at reducing the contaminants present, in addition to other techniques that allow its use in the production of fish feed, vinegar, or more complex applications such as the saccharification / fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass, and even the production of dispersants, among others. However, its use for separating materials from multilayer containers is not currently known. While multilayer packaging is fully recyclable thanks to its composition of recyclable materials such as aluminum, cardboard, and polyethylene, large-scale recycling is costly because it involves a complex material separation stage. On the other hand, recycling, as detailed in various prior art documents, largely does not require complete material separation. Instead, the materials are combined to manufacture or reinforce construction materials with improved mechanical and acoustic properties. Meanwhile, separation processes involve high temperatures and mechanical work performed by specialized machinery, which complicates their implementation and accessibility. There is also knowledge of ethanol production from waste with a high solids content. Some of these proposals are described in the prior art. For example, Japanese patent application JP 2019106954(A) provides a method for bioethanol production using lignocellulosic biomass as a starting material. This method is capable of improving the ethanol concentration and reducing the distillation load without requiring special equipment, through the solubilization of cellulose by enzymatic hydrolysis. The invention is configured such that when a solid residue of cellulosic biomass, from which hemicellulose has been removed, is mixed with an aqueous solution containing a cellulose hydrolytic enzyme, the ethanol concentration is controlled between 3 and 6% by mass.Therefore, the growth of various microorganisms can be prevented during cellulose hydrolysis, and the ethanol concentration can be increased when a saccharified solution undergoes ethanol fermentation. As a result, the distillation load is reduced. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ Chinese patent application CN 109929882 (A) discloses a process for producing ethanol by co-fermenting cellulose and carbohydrates as raw materials. The process includes cellulose pretreatment, cellulose hydrolysis, liquefaction of carbohydrate raw materials, mixing of the raw materials, and fermentation with the addition of fermentative microorganisms. Ethanol is produced by co-fermenting the cellulose and saccharide raw materials. During fermentation, an inhibitory substance is produced; however, the cellulose pretreatment process reduces the inhibitory effect of this substance on the fermentation, thereby increasing ethanol production from the cellulose.At the same time, cellulose partially replaces saccharide feedstock, thereby reducing the demand for saccharide feedstock in the fermentation industry and preventing the ethanol industry from consuming large amounts of grain resources. Both cellulose and saccharide feedstocks are fermented in a way that improves overall ethanol yield and increases the utilization rate of cellulose feedstock. Yet another related document is Chinese application CN 109652467 (A), which refers to a method for producing ethanol using bagasse. The method comprises the steps of primary bagasse pretreatment, secondary bagasse pretreatment, pulp hydrolysis, and finally, the fermentation process. The method uses fungi that cause "white rot" and a special nutrient A to carry out the primary bagasse pretreatment. This can degrade the lignin in the cellulose and reduce the lignin's defense against cellulase. The bonds between the cellulose molecules are broken, so that the cellulose is highly exposed to cellulases and xylanases, and the bagasse cellulose is more completely hydrolyzed.After the two pretreatments of the bagasse, the lignin in the bagasse can be completely degraded, the cellulose in the bagasse is more easily hydrolyzed by cellulase and xylanase, the rate of cellulose utilization is high, obtaining an ethanol volume fraction of 13.7-14.2%. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ However, the prior art does not disclose or describe any method for producing ethanol from cellulose separated from multilayer packaging materials using vinasse derived from the alcohol production industry, particularly from the agave distillate industry and from inputs derived from, for example, sugarcane. While various processes for obtaining ethanol from cellulosic materials using biotechnology techniques are widely known and described in the prior art, these have focused on improving various aspects of the microorganisms used, enzymes, and other factors.The closest prior art document corresponds to the Chinese patent application CN109652467 (A), which discloses the production of ethanol from an agro-industrial waste such as bagasse; however, it does not describe or suggest a process as complex as that which starts from the separation of multi-layer containers to obtain ethanol using for this purpose, another waste such as vinasse. While multilayer packaging is 100% recyclable thanks to its composition of recyclable materials such as aluminum, cardboard, and polyethylene, large-scale recycling is costly because it involves a material separation stage, which is extremely complex. On the other hand, recycling, as can be thoroughly examined in various prior art documents, mostly does not require complete material separation. Instead, the materials are combined to manufacture or reinforce construction materials with improved mechanical and acoustic properties. Meanwhile, separation processes involve high temperatures and mechanical work performed by specialized machinery, which complicates their implementation and accessibility. The proposed invention provides a method for utilizing two waste products that has not been previously disclosed or suggested. οζηπηη / ηζηζ / Β / γίΛΐ OBJECT OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention aims to provide a comprehensive solution involving the treatment and utilization of two different waste materials for reuse in order to produce ethanol and reduce the polluting load associated with each. Therefore, the primary object of protection is to provide a method that utilizes cellulose separated from multilayer packaging for ethanol production. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for recycling multilayer packaging. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method that uses vinasse to separate the different materials of multilayer packaging. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method using vinasse to separate cellulose from multilayer packaging. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method that uses vinasse to separate cellulose from multilayer packaging, without requiring very complex or expensive machinery, or high temperatures, thus reducing the high costs of recycling multilayer packaging. The objectives of the present invention referred to above, and even others not mentioned, will be evident from the description of the invention and the figures that accompany it for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, which are presented below. οζηπηη / ηζηζ / Β / γίΛΐ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 shows the composition and order of the layers that make up multilayer packaging. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a plant for the production of ethanol, comprising the separation of the different materials of the multilayer packaging and the fermentation of the cellulose for the production of ethanol. Figure 3 shows an analysis of the quality of the ethanol obtained using the present invention. It displays a chromatogram for determining ethanol impurities, performed on a sample obtained using the method proposed in the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and a plant for producing ethanol from vinasse enriched with cellulose separated from multilayer packaging. The proposed method provides a solution for the treatment of both waste and residues, while also enabling the recycling of multilayer packaging. Waste is discarded material or product in a solid, semi-solid, liquid, or gaseous state contained in receptacles or tanks. This waste may be recyclable or require some treatment process for final disposal in accordance with applicable legislation. Solid waste is classified according to its characteristics and origins into three groups: municipal solid waste (MSW), special handling waste (SHW, generated in production processes and produced by large MSW generators), and hazardous waste (HW). The increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) production is proportional to population growth and lifestyle changes (greater consumption of goods and services). Therefore, issues such as collection, handling, and final disposal are of paramount importance, since improper disposal can lead to sources of contamination or infection for the population. Multilayer packaging is designed to contain beverages and / or food, preserving their freshness. Initially, this packaging consisted of a roll of paper coated with plastic, which, once filled, was sealed above the liquid level (Tetra Pak, 2019). Currently, these containers have evolved and improved technologically through the layering of cardboard, aluminum, and polyethylene. The manufacturing process of multilayer packaging, which guarantees its airtightness and resistance, makes it a complex yet highly useful, but single-use, system. This packaging offers key advantages over traditional containers: lightness, ease of handling, ease of transport, no need for refrigeration until opened, and the ability to be opened and closed multiple times. Figure 1 shows the composition and layer arrangement of the multilayer packaging currently used, as provided by Tetra Pak (2019). For their part, vinasse comes from the distillation of must from agricultural products with high starch content, such as corn, sorghum, and wheat; fruits with high sugar content, such as pineapple, apple, and grapes; sugarcane; and agricultural residues. It is obtained from the fermentation and distillation of musts and is the main highly polluting organic waste product in alcohol production. It is a brown liquid with an acidic pH, a sweet odor, the presence of phenolic compounds, and a high content of dissolved and suspended organic matter. This residue from the distillery can vary depending on the raw materials used for fermentation (Ibarra-Camacho, 2017). The following tables and graphs (own elaboration) refer to the general chemical composition of vinasse according to the distilled product: οζηπηη / ηζηζ / Β / γίΛΐ Table 1. General physicochemical characteristics of agave vinasse (IbarraCamacho, 2017) οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / E / γίΛΐ Characteristic Units Average pH U 3.95 Total Solids (TS) mg / L 42 877.5 Total Fixed Solids (TFS) mg / L 9 432.5 Total Volatile Solids (TVS) mg / L 33 430 COD g / L 51.53 Total Nitrogen % 0.73 Table 2. General chemical composition of vinasse in percentage data (Leticia, 5 2012) Compounds % Alkanes and alkenes 1.94 Aromatics 0.92 Fatty acids 0.4 Esters 0.03 Lactones 3.09 Lignins 0.07 Nitrogen compounds 1.99 Polyaromatics 0.05 Phenols 2.34 Polysaccharides 84.5 Table 3. Analysis of metals present in vinasse. Metal Sodium Potassium Cobalt Copper Iron Manganese Molybdate Vanadium Zinc mg / L 45.61 67.91 0.045 0.567 33.79 2.232 0.011 0.028 0.591 Table 4. Range in the chemical composition of vinasse Compound mg / L Lactic Acid 110 Acetic Acid 1930-2500 Propionic Acid 40-30 Butyric Acid 20-30 Ethanol 2450-3720 Qznfrnn / nznz / E / YiAi Table 5. Range in the chemical composition (major compounds) of vinasse from ethyl alcohol production Compound (mg / L) Sodium 45.61 Potassium 67.91 Nitrogen 330-480 Phosphoric acid, P2O5 90-610 K2O 2100-3400 CaO 570-1460 MgO 330-580 SO42' 1500 Pyroglutamic acid 167755.5 Itaconic acid 94553.1 Fumaric acid 39561.3 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycerol 54901.8 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid 48801.6 Palmitic acid 34567.8 As previously mentioned, distillery wastewater imposes high pollutant loads on wastewater treatment plants due to high levels of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and suspended solids. In this regard, many methods are known for treating vinasse before discharge to reduce the pollutants present, in addition to other techniques that allow its use in the production of fish feed, vinegar, or more complex applications such as the saccharification / fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass, and even the production of dispersants, among others. However, its use for separating materials from multilayer packaging, particularly for obtaining cellulose and its use in ethanol production, is not yet known. While multilayer packaging is 100% recyclable thanks to its composition of recyclable materials such as aluminum foil, cardboard, and polyethylene, large-scale recycling is costly because it involves a highly technical and therefore complex material separation stage. On the other hand, recycling, as can be thoroughly examined in various prior art documents, mostly does not require complete material separation. Instead, the materials are combined to manufacture or reinforce construction materials with improved mechanical and acoustic properties. Meanwhile, the separation processes involve high temperatures and mechanical work performed by specialized machinery, which complicates their implementation and accessibility. The method for producing ethanol from vinasse enriched with cellulose separated from multilayer packaging comprises the following stages and parameters or conditions: a) Recyclable solid waste such as cardboard, paper, plastics, metals, multi-layer packaging, among others, is collected and deposited in a hopper, which in turn feeds a separation belt (101), in which, through density sensors, multi-layer packaging and others (all types of paper and cardboard such as egg carton, Kraft and scrambled) are separated from the rest of the solid waste; οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ b) Vinasse, and multi-layer packaging optionally enriched with Kraft cardboard, egg cartons or scrambled paper, which will be referred to as “cellulose enrichers” in a mass ratio of 1:5 of multi-layer packaging and cellulose enrichers. c) Mix in an open tank-hopper (103), in a proportion of 25 to 30% vinasse and 70 to 85% multilayer packaging and other cellulose enrichers, maintaining a mixing regime of between 400 to 1200 rpm, and a reaction temperature of between 50 to 90°C, for 1 to 3 hours; In one mode, the mixing speed is 800 rpm, and the reaction temperature is 70°C for 2 hours. As the technician in the field can imagine, any tank-hopper is suitable for this purpose as long as it has the appropriate mechanisms for agitation-mixing control and temperature control. Likewise, as the technician in the matter can imagine, if the vinasse is used in a short time after being obtained, it does not need any special storage conditions; however, if the vinasse is stored for several days or longer, then it is advisable to store the vinasse in an appropriate container (102), at a temperature between 40 and 100 °C, with aeration for the purpose of avoiding septic conditions and the settling of solids at the bottom. d) The heterogeneous mixture of multilayer packaging with cellulose enrichers vinasse is pumped to the screening system (104) where the vinasse, with cellulose dissolved or suspended from the other layers of the packaging (polyethylene and aluminum) is separated by differences in density and gravity; Qznfrnn / nznz / E / YiAi e) The filtration of the remnants of the separation of solids in the screens is carried out by means of a filter system (106) for its dehydration, in this stage of the process the cellulose is recovered. As the technician in the field can imagine, any type of filter is appropriate, as long as it allows the recovery of cellulose; obviously, the choice will be influenced by the capacity and efficiency of filtration, costs, etc. In a preferred modality, bag filters or filter presses are used. f) The solids recovered in the screening (aluminum and polyethylene) are separated by difference in densities and dried in the cyclone dryer (105), to evaporate the water. g) The cellulose-enriched vinasse from the process of separating multilayer packaging and cellulose enrichers is fermented (111) at a temperature of 20 to 45 °C, preferably 30 °C, and a residence time of 12 hours to 1 month, preferably 72 hours; In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vinasse can be enriched with cellulose from other municipal solid waste such as, for example, cardboard, paper, among others. h) The fermented vinasse passes to a gravity settler (112) to remove settleable solids and obtain clarified water. The retention time in this unit ranges from 1 to 60 minutes, preferably around 10 to 30 minutes and even more preferably 15 minutes; i) The clarified mixture is taken to at least one batch separation column (113) to recover the ethanol from said mixture, this for the displacement of the azeotrope present, under conditions of between 75 to 95QC and 1 atm of pressure; οζηπηη / ηζηζ / Β / γίΛΐ j) Conducting the ethanol-water mixture obtained through a multi-stage separation column (114) where distillation is carried out based on the quality of commercial ethanol required according to NOM-142-SSA1 / SCFI-2014 for fermented and non-fermented products and NOM-016-CRE-2018 (ASTM-D5501) for anhydrous ethanol, at an operating pressure of 0.5 to 1 atm and a temperature of 50 to 110°C, in a preferred mode the distillation operates at 0.9 atm and 75°C. The column is intended to obtain a distillate in the top of the column (ethanol) and a bottom (tails). This multi-stage separation column (114) has temperature control where distillation takes place. It comprises a reboiler (115) and a condenser (116) to separate the volatiles in the top of the column and the heavier components at the bottom. In a preferred configuration, this separation column (114) is set to operate at a constant pressure of 0.95 atm and a temperature between 60 and 90°C. In the intermediate stages, the feed is delivered at a temperature between 70 and 90°C. In the upper stages (condenser 116), the temperature is controlled between 70 and 80°C, and in the lower stages, considering the reboiler (115), the temperature is set between 60 and 95°C. k) The distillate is conveyed to a sorption tank (117) where by means of an ionic resin the stabilization of by-products is carried out, at a working pressure of 0.5 to 1 atm and an operating temperature of between 50 and 110 °C, in a preferred mode the stabilization operates at 0.9 atm and 70°C. I) Contain the ethanol and by-products generated with pressure and temperature control in a storage tank (118). The plant (100) for producing ethanol from vinasse enriched with cellulose separated from multilayer packaging comprises: οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ a) At least one separation belt (101), in which the selection and separation of the multilayer packaging from the other solid waste is carried out, by means of a difference in mass (weight) and density, through a light refraction system (light beam sensor); b) At least one vinasse storage tank (102), which may have a temperature control (40Qa 100°C) and an aeration system, to favor the growth of microbial consortia that promote the assimilation of organic matter, in addition to preventing the formation of anaerobic consortia. c) At least one hopper tank (103) with stirring-mixing mechanism with mixing speeds between 400-1200 rpm, preferably 800 rpm and temperature control between 50 to 90 °C to separate the different multilayer packing materials. d) At least one paddle washer (104) designed to recover vinasse with suspended cellulose. Polyethylene and aluminum are separated by density and gravity. e) At least one cyclone-type separator (105), where materials are separated by material density, obtaining material with a minimum amount of liquid. f) A bag filter system (106) or filter press where the cellulose material is recovered and dehydrated. g) At least one heater (111) where the vinasse enriched with cellulose, a product of the separation of layers of multilayer packaging and cellulose enrichers; said fermentation is carried out at a temperature between 20 - 45 °C and with a resident time of between 12 hours and 1 month. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ The heater (111) is an open or closed container at atmospheric pressure with controlled temperature conditions between 20-45°C and a residence time of 12 h- 1 month, where the fermentation of vinasse with cellulose from the separation of multilayer packaging takes place, complemented with cellulose from other materials in a 1:5 %w / w ratio (Kraft cardboard, egg carton and scrambled cardboard). h) At least one gravity settler (112) to obtain the clarified fermentation, this process is carried out in a time interval of 1 to 60 min, preferably 15 min; i) At least one batch distillation column (113) to recover ethanol from the ethanol-water mixture, this for the displacement of the azeotrope present, under conditions of between 75 to 95QC and 1 atm of pressure. j) At least one temperature-controlled multistage separation column (114) where distillation takes place, consisting of a reboiler (115) and a condenser (116), separating the volatiles in the top of the column and the heavy metals at the bottom. Designed to operate at a pressure between 0.5 and 1 atm and temperatures between 50 and 110°C. k) At least one ionic resin (117) with pressure control from 0.5 to 1 atm and a temperature of 50 to 110°C for contaminant sorption, which is thermally coupled in the initial stages of the distillation column dome. I) At least one storage tank (118) for the ethanol and by-products generated with pressure and temperature control. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multilayer packaging separation plant (100) may also have a water tank (107) that supplies a solar exchanger (108), which in turn is in fluid communication with the vinasse storage tank (102), the hopper tank (103) with agitation-mixing mechanism and with the blade washer (104). In addition, the hopper tank (103) with agitation-mixing mechanism is in communication with a screen (109) for separating materials, which in turn is connected to a vinasse recovery pit (110). BEST METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The examples presented below are intended to illustrate the invention; they are not intended to limit, nor should they be interpreted in a limiting manner, since a person skilled in the art will understand that there are multiple variants that fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Separation of materials from multilayer packaging using vinasse. In the examples illustrated below, different vinasses were evaluated in the separation of the different materials that make up multilayer packaging in the food sector, for which the following method variables were considered: Experimental conditions and / or parameters. The experimentation was carried out by selecting the process variables, obtained from the simulation in Aspen Plus V12.0. - Stirring speed: 800 rpm - Residence time in the batch reactor: 3 hrs. - Reaction temperature: 70°C - Vinasse / multilayer packaging ratio: 1:100 w / v. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - Hydrogen potential: acidic (3.5-4.7) Vinasse. For the different examples, samples of vinasse from mezcal, tequila, and ethyl alcohol were used. The procedure for evaluating the separation of the different materials that make up multilayer packaging is presented below: Vinasse can be obtained from two different sources within the specific production process. One source comes from the final residue containment pit, while the second source comes from the distillation tailings. For this reason, both types of vinasse were used in the tests shown below. The results of the physical properties such as density and viscosity of the different vinasses used in the present invention are shown below. Table 6. Density and viscosity results. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ Vinasse Type Density (kg / m3) Viscosity (Pam2 / s) Particle Size (microns) pH Tequila Industry 1017.5 715.875 947 3.95 Mezcal Industry 1002.3 707.977 948 4 Ethyl Alcohol Production Industry (Molasses) 1029.5 699.876 956 3.5 It is observed that viscosities and densities are within similar ranges among the different types of vinasse used for the separation of multilayer packings. Additionally, it was observed that the vinasse has a pH value in an acidic range. Example 1: Separation of materials from multilayer containers with tequila vinasse. The process of separating materials from multilayer packaging was carried out as previously indicated, using the conditions or parameters indicated in the previous section: Figure 2 schematically shows the multilayer packaging separation stage, as well as the products of the separation. The results of this example are shown in Table 7. In this table, it can be seen that for a 1:100 w / v ratio of weight of multilayer packaging (initial composition of 75% cellulose, 20% high and low density polyethylene and 5% aluminum) and volume of vinasse (pit and column), there is an approximate separation of 73.25 ±0.05% cellulose, 18.05 ±0.05% polyethylene (high and low density) and 1.85 ±0.05% aluminum. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ Table 7. Mass separated from the different materials by the method of the present invention using tequila vinasse, at a ratio of 1:100 w / v. Tequila vinasse % Cellulose % PE (high density) % PE (low density) % Aluminum % Total Composition of material to be recycled 75 20 5 100 Vinasse (column) 73.1 ±0.05 18.2 ±0.05 1.8 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 98.1 Vinasse (pit) 73.4 ± 0.05 17.9 ±0.05 1.9 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 98.2 As can be seen from the results obtained, the present invention achieves very high yields (>98%) of recovered materials. Furthermore, the results show that similar efficiencies are obtained when using vinasse from the two different "segments" (column and tail) of the tequila production process. This suggests that, despite any possible differences between these two vinasse "segments," both are suitable for the present invention. Example 2: Separation of materials from multilayer containers with vinasse from mezcal. The process of separating materials from multilayer packaging was carried out as previously indicated, using the conditions or parameters indicated in the previous section: Figure 2 schematically shows the multilayer packaging separation stage, as well as the products of the separation. The results of this example are shown in Table 8. For a 1:100 w / v ratio of weight of multilayer packaging (initial composition of 75% cellulose, 20% high and low density polyethylene (PE) and 5% aluminum) and volume of vinasse (pit and column), it is observed that there is a separation of 72.7 ±0.05% cellulose, 19.9 ^.05% high and low density polyethylene (PE) (18.5 +1.4%) and 5 ±0.05% aluminum. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ Table 8. Mass separated from the different materials by the method of the present invention using the vinasse from mezcal, at a ratio of 1:100 w / v. Mezcal Vinasse % Cellulose % PE (high density) % PE (low density) % Aluminum % Total Composition of material to be recycled 75 20 5 100 Vinasse (column) 71.8 ±0.05 18.6 ±0.05 1.3 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 96.7 Vinasse (pit) 72.7 ±0.05 18.5 ±0.05 1.4 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 97.6 As can be seen from the results obtained, the present invention achieves very high yields (>96%) of recovered materials. Furthermore, the results show that similar efficiencies are obtained when using vinasse from the two different "segments" (column and tail) of the mezcal production process. This suggests that, despite any possible differences between these two vinasse "segments," both are suitable for the present invention. Example 3: Separation of materials from multilayer packaging with vinasse from sugar cane molasses. The process of separating materials from multilayer packaging was carried out as previously indicated, using the conditions or parameters indicated in the previous section: Figure 2 schematically shows the multilayer packaging separation stage, as well as the products of the separation. The results of this example are shown in Table 9. For a 1:100 w / v ratio of weight of multilayer packaging (initial composition of 75% cellulose, 20% aluminum and 5% high and low density polyethylene) and volume of vinasse (pit and column), it is observed that there is a separation of 74.55 ±0.05% cellulose, 19.9% ​​high and low density polyethylene (PE) (17.8 + 2.1%) and 5 ± 0.05 of aluminum. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ Table 9. Mass separated from the different materials by the method of the present invention using ethyl alcohol vinasse, at a ratio of 1:100 w / v. Sugarcane vinasse % Cellulose % PE (high density) % PE (low density) % Aluminum % Total Composition of material to be recycled 75 20 5 100 Vinasse (column) 74.5 ±0.05 17.8 ±0.05 2.1 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 99.4 Vinasse (pit) 74.6 ±0.05 17.9 ±0.05 2.1 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 99.6 As can be seen from the results obtained, the present invention achieves very high yields (>99%) of recovered materials. Furthermore, the results show that similar efficiencies are obtained when using vinasse from the two different “segments” (column and tail) of the mezcal production process, suggesting that despite the possible differences that may exist between these two “segments” of vinasse, both are appropriate 5 for the present invention. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ As any expert in the field can attest, the novel application of vinasse in the multilayer material recycling industry is highly efficient, thus supporting the inventive activity of the present invention. Three different vinasses were analyzed, and all proved suitable for the present invention, exhibiting efficiencies greater than 96%. In particular, vinasse derived from sugarcane molasses showed the best overall performance, recovering 99.4% to 99.6% of the material from multilayer containers, followed by tequila vinasse, which achieved a recovery rate of >98%, and finally, mezcal vinasse, which showed a yield of >96%. Table 10. Results of the efficiency of the different vinasses in the recovery of materials from multilayer packaging. Type of Vinasse % Cellulose % (PE) Low Density % PE High Density % Aluminum % Total Composition of Material to be Recycled 75 20 5 100 Tequila Industry 73.1 ±0.05 18.2 ±0.05 1.8 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 98.1 73.4 ±0.05 17.9 ±0.05 1.9 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 98.2 Mezcal Industry 71.8 ±0.05 18.6 ±0.05 1.3 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 96.7 72.7 ±0.05 18.5 ±0.05 1.4 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 97.6 Ethyl Alcohol Industry 74.5 ±0.05 17.8 ±0.05 2.1 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 99.4 74.6 ±0.05 17.9 ±0.05 2.1 ±0.05 5 ± 0.05 99.6 Likewise, based on the results shown in Table 10, when adding the PE values ​​(low and high density), and expressing the values ​​obtained as a percentage, it is even clearer that the three vinasses have an efficiency of practically 100% to recover PE and aluminum materials, with the differences being in the percentage of cellulose recovered. Table 11. Results in percentage of the recovery efficiency of the different materials obtained with the different vinasses. 07ηπηη / η7η7 / Β / γΐΛΐ Type of Vinasse % Cellulose % (PE) low and high density % Aluminum % of material recovered from multilayer packaging 100 100 100 Tequila Industry 97.47 100 100 97.87 99 100 Mezcal Industry 95.73 99.5 100 96.93 99.5 100 Ethyl Alcohol Industry 99.33 99.5 100 99.47 100 100 Without intending to limit themselves to any mechanism or theory, the inventors of the present development consider that the variables that have the greatest impact on the process of separating the layers of the packing are the ratio of vinasse / multilayer packing and the pH of the vinasse, while the temperature, the mixing regime and residence time in the reactor could have a medium impact. Example 4: Experimental tests for obtaining ethanol The following is a general description of the procedure for obtaining ethanol from the liquid residue of the separation process of the various materials that make up multilayer packaging, using vinasse (from mezcal, tequila, ethyl alcohol, or other industries). This residue, or liquid fraction, corresponds to the vinasse containing the cellulose from the multilayer packaging. Vinasse, wastewater derived from the distillation process of fermented must from the mezcal, tequila, ethyl alcohol, or other industries, contains a predominantly indigenous and therefore characteristic microbial consortium (Table 12, author's own elaboration). This consortium aids in the fermentation of the must from vinasse enriched with cellulose separated from multilayer packaging and other materials. Based on the above, the addition of yeast or other agents is not required to initiate alcoholic fermentation. Qznnnn / nznz / B / YiAi Table 12 shows the majority consortium - native to the vinasse determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (own elaboration). Major autochthonous microbial consortium Concentration (mg / L) Wickerhamomyces anomalus (A++) 1.979 Lactobacillus paracasei (B+) 1.974 Bacillus subtilis (B+) 1.877 The methodology for obtaining ethanol from the residue or liquid fraction (vinasse-cellulose) obtained from the process of separating the layers present in multilayer packaging is presented below: a) Place the residue or liquid fraction (vinasse-cellulose) in a suitable heater for this purpose. A technician familiar with the subject can imagine that such a reactor may have various attachments to control and / or monitor parameters such as temperature, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, and many others. Likewise, the reactor may have one or more taps, valves, or connections to allow the addition of supplements or to control the flow of gases. Furthermore, the reactor may be designed to allow fermentation to take place in the absence of light. b) Ferment for a period of at least 24 hours, at a temperature between 25 and 35°C, preferably at a temperature of approximately 30°C. c) Clarify by gravity sedimentation (112) and carry to a batch distillation column (113) and subsequently a separation column (114) where multi-stage distillation is carried out according to the quality of commercial ethanol required according to NOM-142-SSA1 / SCFI-2014 for fermented and non-fermented and NOM-016-CRE-2018 (ASTM-D5501) for anhydrous ethanol, at an operating pressure of 0.5 to 1 atm and a temperature of 50 to 110°C, in a preferred mode the distillation operates at 0.9 atm and 75°C. The purpose of the batch column is to obtain a distillate in the column dome (ethanol) and a bottoms (tails). It is important to highlight that if the quality of the ethanol product so requires, the first distillate (batch distillation column 113) undergoes a multi-stage separation process through a separation column (114) or perforated plates at a constant pressure of 0.95 atm between a temperature of 60 and 90°C. It should be noted that the column temperature in the intermediate stages is between 70 and 90°C, preferably 82°C, and in the upper stages (condenser) between 70 and 80°C, preferably 76°C. In the lower stages, considering the reboiler, the temperature is between 60 and 95°C, preferably 85°C. It should be considered that the feed of the distillate to be rectified is preferably carried out in the intermediate stage of the distillation column. The results of ethanol obtained using multilayer packaging and other types of municipal solid waste containing cellulose (kraft cardboard, egg cartons and scrambled eggs) are shown below (see tables 13, 14 and 15) at a mass ratio of 1:5 tetrapack : others; these tests were run using the same procedure as already described, which implies that the process variables considered are the same as those used throughout the process, where the temperature and raw material flow ratio are the variables with the greatest impact on the ethanol production yield. οζηπηη / ηζηζ / Β / γίΛΐ Through this process, a solid urban waste (multilayer packaging, Karaft cardboard, Egg carton, Scrambled cardboard and others), a liquid industrial waste (vinasse) is valued and by-products with commercial value are obtained. Table 13. Ethanol generation from a mass ratio of multilayer containers and different solid wastes in “Batch” distillation οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / E / γίΛΐ DETECTION AND DETERMINATION OF ETHANOL IMPURITIES REFERENCE Tip Liquid residue (1w :100 v) Fermentation time (h) Volume to be distilled (mL) Volume of distillate (mL) Percentage of alcohol in the distillate (Mass fraction x) Multilayer packaging cellulose + Mezcal vinasse 24 500 163 0.78 Multilayer packaging cellulose - i- Tequila vinasse 24 500 160 0.81 Multilayer packaging cellulose + Ethyl alcohol vinasse 24 500 180 0.85 Multilayer packaging cellulose enriched with Kraft cardboard at a 1:5 ratio and Ethyl alcohol vinasse 24 500 180 0.86 Multilayer packaging cellulose enriched with egg carton at a 1:5 ratio and Ethyl Alcohol Vinasse 24 500 178 0.83 Multilayer packaging cellulose enriched with Mixed Cardboard (mixed) at a ratio of 1:5 and Ethyl Alcohol Vinasse 24 500 179 0.84 From the results shown in the previous table, it can be concluded that the yield obtained from the vinasse-cellulose liquid fraction is practically equal to the yield when the vinasse-cellulose liquid fraction is enriched with another cellulose-rich residue. Likewise, from these results, it can be concluded that any of the vinasses is suitable for use in this bioethanol production process. Furthermore, through the fermentation and distillation process described in the present invention, ethanol is obtained with a yield ranging from 78% to 80%, making it highly competitive. Examples 5 and 6: Characterization of ethanol obtained by the process of the invention. The ethanol obtained through the previously described process was characterized by gas chromatography using an Agilent 7890B GC with a DB-WA2 column (30 m x 0.45 mm x 0.83 µm) and nitrogen as the mobile phase. Alcohol content and density were determined using a Metter Toledo 5000 spectrophotometer, and pH was measured with a Thermometer 1500 potentiometer with a platinum electrode. Impurities were determined according to the parameters specified in the Mexican standards NOM-142-SSA1 / SCFI-2014 for fermented and non-fermented products and NOM-016-CRE-2018 (ASTM-D5501) for anhydrous ethanol, respectively. The results are shown in Tables 14 and 15. Table 14. Generation of ethanol from cellulose from multilayer packaging and / or cellulose from different solid wastes at a mass ratio of 1:5 in “Batch” distillation. οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ DETECTION Parameter Vinasse with Cellulose from a mass ratio of vinasse : residue cellulose (Iw :100 v) REFERENCE NOM-142- SSA1 / SCFI-2014 NOM-142SSA1 / SCFI-2014 NOM-016-CRE2018 Multilayer Container and Kraft Cardboard 1:5 Multilayer Container Multilayer Container and Resolved Cardboard 1:5 Multilayer Container and Egg Carton 1:5 Non-Fermented Fermented Bioethanol / Anhydrous Ethanol ppm ppm ppm Acetaldehyde 0.00 7.8619 0.00 0.00 40 Ethyl acetate 0.00 3.4651 0.00 0.00 Sec-butanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 00 Iso-butanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 n-butanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Iso-amyl 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.1088 n-amyl 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Methanol 5.2169 10.3299 7.257 6.2699 300 300 2.97 n-propanol 3.4771 1.3703 0.00 Ethyl lactate 4.3369 4.0538 2.7728 4.0939 Furfural 5.0476 2.5188 6.3361 5.2765 5 Linear C5-C8 alcohols N / DN / DN / DN / D 500 % Alcohol 45 43 46 44.5 Oxidation Time (KMnO<) (seconds) 2 3 1 1 Acidity (pH) 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.3 Percentage of water 55 57 54 55.5 Density (g / cm3) * 0.801 0.887 0.823 0.867. N D. Do Not Detect Him οζηπηη / ηζηζ / Β / γίΛΐ Table 15. Generation of ethanol from cellulose from multilayer packaging and / or cellulose from different solid wastes at a mass ratio of 1:5 in “Batch” distillation and multi-stage distillation. DETECTION Parameter Vinasse with Cellulose from a mass ratio of vinasse : residue cellulose (Iw :100 v) REFERENCE NOM-142SSA1 / SCH-2014 NOM-142SSA1 / SCFI-2014 NOM-016-CRE2018 Multilayer Container and Kraft Cardboard 1:5 Multilayer Container Multilayer Container and Resolved Cardboard 1:5 Multilayer Container and Egg Carton 1:5 Non-Fermented Fermented Bioethanol / Anhydrous Ethanol ppm ppm ppm Acetaldehyde 4.931 4.3401 2.4532 2.3267 40 Ethyl acetate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sec-butanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Iso-butanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0651 n butanol 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isoamyl 0.0343 0.00 0.00 0.0971 n amyl 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Methanol 2.9804 0.8720 2.157 2702^ 300 300 2.9? n propanol 0.1973 4.0653 0.1370 5.2802 ethyl lactate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Furfural 0.4667 0.3044 0.0872 0.0851 Linear alcohols C5-C8 ND ND ND ND 500 % of .Alcohol ;·> 74 • 2 Oxidation Time (KMnOj) (seconds) 1 1.5 7 1 Acidity (pH) Sl S.4 8.2 8.3 Percentage of water ... 26 Density (g / cm3) * 0.7991 05956 0.7945 05958 N D. Not Detectable The results shown in Tables 14 and 15 clearly indicate that the ethanol obtained by the present invention has a total impurities in general well below the corresponding standard for fermented, non-fermented products according to NOM-142-SSA1 / SCFI-2014 and NOM-016-CRE-2018 (ASTM-D5501) for anhydrous ethanol. The present invention makes it possible to obtain a high value-added product from two very common, abundant, and highly polluting waste materials: multilayer packaging and vinasse. As those skilled in the field will be able to verify, this invention offers multiple benefits in various technological areas. It allows for the reuse, and therefore the valorization, of multilayer packaging waste and vinasse, a byproduct of the alcohol production industry, resulting in a significant and beneficial environmental impact. It also allows for the production of high-quality bioethanol from waste products, thus preventing the bioethanol production industry from consuming agricultural grains such as corn and sorghum, and avoiding increased input costs.Additionally, polyethylene and aluminum are also recovered for reuse, with the consequent environmental and economic benefits. Although the foregoing description was prepared taking into account the preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art should be aware that any modification of form and detail will be considered within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The terms in which this specification has been drafted should always be taken in a broad and non-restrictive sense. The materials, form, and description of the elements may be varied provided that this does not alter the essential characteristics of the model. Qznfrnn / nznz / E / YiAi REFERENCES Ecoadmin. (2013). Cardboard. Ecology Today (https: / / www.ecoloqiahoy.com / carton) Barrera, Germán. (October 16, 2017). Vinasse as a source of income. Colombia. LinkedIn. Retrieved from: https: / / www.linkedin.com / pulse / la-vinazacomo-fuente-de-inqresos-qerman-barrera / Congress of the Union (2018) General Law for the Prevention and Management of Waste. Official Gazette of the Federation. Ecoticias. (August 5, 2009). The environmental impact of tequila production. Ecoticias. Retrieved from: https: / / www.ecoticias.com / eco-america / 16161 / EI-impacto-ambiental-de-laelaboracion-de-tequila-apenas-empieza-a-ser-asumido-por-la-industria-medioambiente-medioambiental-ambiental The Economist. (July 22, 2019). Tequila and mezcal industry is the second most important activity in Mexico. The Economist. Retrieved from: https: / / www.eleconomista.com.mx / empresas / lndustria-del-tequila-v-el-mezcales-la-segunda-actividad-ecenomica-mas-impertante-de-Mexice-lneqi20190722-0073.html Giusti, L. (2009) A review of waste management practices and their impact on human health. Waste Management 29:2227-2239 Ibarra, Roberto., León, Leandro, (2019). Physicochemical characterization of distillery vinasse. Cuban Journal of Chemistry. Vol.2, 246-257. INEGI (2019) INEGI. Mexico. Retrieved from: https: / / www.ineqi.orq.mx / contenidos / saladeprensa / boletines / 2019 / QtrTemEcon / industriatequila.pdf Informador. (January 4, 2011). Complaints against vinasse from tequila distilleries in Zapotlanejo. Informer. Recovered from: https: / / www.infermador.mx / Jalisce / Queias-contravinazas-de-tequileras-en-Zapotlaneio-20110104-0102.html οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ Regadio, M., Al Ruiz, M. Rodríguez-Rastrero, J. Cuevas. (2015) A containment and attenuating layers: An affordable strategy that preserves soil and water from landfill pollution. Waste Management 46: 408-419 Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (2015) Report on the State of the Environment in Mexico. Compendium of Environmental Statistics. Key Indicators, Environmental Performance and Green Growth. 2015 Edition. The Gazette. (July 9, 2018). They measure the impact of irrigating fields with vinasse. The Gazette. Retrieved from: https: / / www.laqaceta.com.ar / nota / 773368 / actualidad / miden-impacto-reqarcampos-vinaza.html López, MG, Mancilla-Margalli, NA, & ​​Mendoza-Diaz, G. (2003). Molecular structures of fructans from Agave tequilana Weber var. azul. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51 (27), 7835-7840. Meléndez, Violeta. (July 29, 2016). Tequila distilleries consume 5 billion liters of water. The NTR newspaper. Retrieved from: https: / / www.ntrquadalaiara.com / post.php7id nota=46596 Mendoza, Abisaí. (February 18, 2012). Mexico, land of maguey plants. La Jornada del Campo. Retrieved from: https: / / www.iornada.com.mx / 2012 / 02 / 18 / cam-pais.html Ramírez, Miriam. (May 13, 2017). Mexico, seventh place in alcoholic beverages. Milenio. Retrieved from: https: / / www.milenio.com / neqocios / mexicoseptimo-luqar-en-bebidas-alcoholicas Sánchez, Enrique. (June 17, 2014). Mexico conquers new markets with tequila: EPN. Excelsior. Retrieved from: https: / / www.excelsior.com.mx / nacional / 2014 / 06 / 17 / 965574#¡maqen-1 Saucedo-Luna, J., Castro-Montoya, AJ, Rico, JL, & Campos-García, J. (2010). Optimization of acid hydrolysis of bagasse from Agave tequilana Weber. Mexican Journal of Chemical Engineering, 9(1), 91-97. Secretariat of Energy, (2019) Biomass Atlas, (accessed September 29, 2019 at https: / / dqel.enerqia.qob.mx / anbio / ) οζηΐτηη / ηζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (2016) “Alternative uses of vinasse”, Information Note on innovations in productivity of the sector Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (2017), Agave and Mezcal Tequilero, (Accessed September 25, 2019 at https: / / www.qob.mx / cms / uploads / attachment / file / 257066 / PotencialAqave Tequilero y Mezcalero.pdf) SEMARNAT. (2015). Report on the State of the Environment in Mexico 2015. SEMARNAT. Retrieved from https: / / apps1.semamat.qob.mx:8443 / dqeia / informe15 / tema / pdf / informe15 completo.pdf Servin Jungdorf Cari Anthony, Mantilla Morales Gabriela, Hernández Cruz Norma (2017) The Price of Wastewater Treatment, Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA) Canepa-Becerril, M.(2017). Environmental impact of multilayer packaging, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Bachelor's thesis, 97 p. Plastics Technology. (2017). Tetra Pak recycling opens up business opportunities in plastics. Plastics Technology. Retrieved from: http: / / www.plastico.com / temas / Reciclaie-de-Tetra-Pak-abre-opciones-de-neqocio-enplasticos+122269 Rosa-López, J. de la R. (2018). Fourth Report of Labore. Operating Agency of Cleaning Service, Puebla, Pue., 36 p. Tetra Pak. (2019). Packaging materials for Tetra Pak cartons. Tetra Pak. Retrieved from https: / / www.tetrapak.com / mx / packaqinq / materials Valencia, Oscar Mauricic (2009). Design of the intermunicipal sanitary landfill for the municipalities of Atoyac de Álvarez-Benito Juárez and Técpan (Master's thesis). Retrieved from: http: / / www.ptolomeo.unam.mx:8080 / xmlui / bitstream / handle / 132.248.52.100 / 2918 / qal¡ ndovalencia.pdf?sequence=1 Qznfrnn / nznz / E / YiAi

Claims

1. A method for obtaining ethanol characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) Mixing vinasse with multilayer material, maintaining agitation between 400 and 1200 rpm, at a temperature between 50°C and 90°C, for a period of time between 1 and 3 hours; b) Screening the mixture to separate the (i) liquid fraction containing the vinasse with the dissolved cellulose and (ii) the solid fraction containing polyethylene and aluminum; c) Transferring the liquid fraction to a suitable heater for this purpose; d) Fermenting for a period of at least 24 hours, at a temperature between 25 and 35°C; e) Settling the fermented vinasse, preferably in a gravity settler (112) to remove the settleable solids and obtain the clarified liquid.f) Convey the clarified mixture to at least one batch distillation column (113) to recover the ethanol from said mixture under conditions of between 75 and 95 °C and 1 atm of pressure; g) Convey the resulting ethanol-water mixture to a separation column (114) where distillation is carried out in a multi-stage column. h) Store the ethanol and by-products in a temperature- and pressure-controlled storage tank (118).

2. The method for obtaining ethanol according to the previous claim, further characterized in that the multilayer material comprises a cardboard (cellulose) layer, a polyethylene layer, and an aluminum layer.

3. The method for obtaining bioethanol in accordance with any of claims 1 to 2, further characterized in that the vinasse is selected from tequila vinasse, mezcal vinasse, vinasse from the production of ethyl alcohol, or any combination thereof.

4. The method for obtaining ethanol in accordance with any of the previous claims, further characterized in that the mixture of multilayer material with vinasse is in a proportion of between 1:1 to 1:1000 (w / v), preferably between 1:10 to 1:100 (w / v).

5. The method for obtaining ethanol in accordance with any of the preceding claims, further characterized in that the vinasse and the multilayer containers can optionally be enriched with Kraft cardboard, egg cartons or scrambled paper in a mass ratio of 1:5 of multilayer containers and cellulose enrichers.

6. The method for obtaining ethanol according to claim 1, further characterized in that the vinasse containing cellulose also contains consortia of microorganisms that aid alcoholic fermentation.

7. The method for obtaining ethanol according to claim 1, further characterized in that the consortia of microorganisms contained in the vinasse are preferably selected from the following major autochthonous consortium: Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Bacillus subtilis.

8. The method for obtaining ethanol according to claim 1 further characterized in that the retention time in the gravity settler (112) ranges from 1 to 60 minutes, preferably around 10 to 30 minutes and even more preferably 15 minutes.

9. The method for obtaining ethanol according to claim 1, further characterized in that the distillation in the separation column (114) is preferably carried out at a constant pressure of 0.95 atm and a temperature between 60 to 90°C; wherein in the intermediate stages the feed is carried out at a temperature between 70 to 90°C, in the upper stages (condenser) the temperature will be controlled between 70 to 80°C and in the lower stages considering the “reboiler” it will be set at a temperature between 60 to 95°C.

10. The method for obtaining ethanol according to claim 1 further characterized in that, from the solid fraction of the step in subsection b), the different solid materials are separated, by difference in their density, by means of a drying cyclone.

11. The method for obtaining ethanol according to claim 1 further characterized in that it comprises the optional step of removing contaminants in a sorption tank (117) where by means of an ionic resin the stabilization of by-products is carried out, at a working pressure ranging from 0.5 to 1 atm and an operating temperature of between 50 and 110 °C, preferably the stabilization operates at 0.9 atm and 70°C; 12. An ethanol production plant (100), characterized in that it comprises: a) At least one separation belt (101), in which the multilayer packaging is selected and separated from other solid waste by means of differences in mass (weight) and density; b) At least one vinasse storage tank (102); c) At least one hopper tank (103) for separating the different multilayer packaging materials; d) At least one paddle washer (104) designed to recover vinasse with suspended cellulose; e) At least one cyclone separator (105), where the materials are separated by density, obtaining material with a minimal amount of liquid; f) A bag filter system (106) or filter press where the cellulose material is recovered and dehydrated; g) At least one heater (111) where the cellulose-enriched vinasse resulting from the separation of layers of multilayer packaging and cellulose enrichers;h) At least one gravity settler (112) for clarifying the fermentation product; i) At least one batch separation column (113) for recovering ethanol from the ethanol-water mixture; j) At least one temperature-controlled multi-stage separation column (114) where distillation takes place, consisting of a reboiler (115) and a condenser (116), separating volatiles in the top of the column and heavier components at the bottom. Designed to operate at a pressure between 0.5 and 1 atm and temperatures between 50 and 110°C. k) At least one pressure- and temperature-controlled storage tank (118) for the ethanol and by-products generated. Qznfrnn / nznz / E / YiAi; 13.- The plant for obtaining ethanol (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that the separation belt (101) has a light refraction system, preferably a light beam sensor.

14. The ethanol production plant (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that the vinasse storage tank (102) may have a temperature control preferably configured to 40°C to 100°C and an aeration system, to favor the growth of microbial consortia that promote the assimilation of organic matter, in addition to preventing the formation of anaerobic consortia. 15.- The plant for obtaining ethanol (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that the hopper tank (103) has a mixing agitation mechanism with mixing speeds between 400-1200 rpm, preferably 800 rpm and temperature control between 50 to 90 °C.

16. The plant for obtaining ethanol (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that the heater (111) is configured to work at a temperature between 20 - 45 °C and with a resident time of between 12 hours and 1 month. 17.- The plant for obtaining ethanol (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that the gravity settler (112) is configured to work at a time interval of 1 to 60 min, preferably 15 min.

18. The ethanol production plant (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that it optionally comprises an ionic resin (117) preferably configured with pressure control from 0.5 to 1 atm and a temperature of 50 to 110°C for contaminant sorption. QFnnnn / nznz / B / YiAi 19. The plant for obtaining ethanol (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that the batch distillation column (113) is configured to work under conditions of between 75 to 95 QC and 1 atm of pressure.

20. The plant for obtaining ethanol (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that the multi-stage separation column (114) has a temperature control, a reboiler (115) and a condenser (116), where the volatiles are separated in the top of the column; the heavy ones at the bottom of the same; which works at a pressure between 0.5 to 1 atm and temperatures between 50 to 110°C.

21. The plant for obtaining ethanol (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that the multilayer container separation plant (100) may also have a water tank (107) that supplies a solar exchanger (108), which in turn is in fluid communication with the vinasse storage tank (102), the hopper tank (103) with agitation-mixing mechanism and with the blade washer (104).

22. The plant for obtaining ethanol (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that the hopper tank (103) with mixing agitation mechanism, preferably is in communication with a screen (109) for separating materials, which in turn is connected with a vinasse recovery pit (110).