MINERAL MIXTURE FOR ODOR CONTROL IN COMPOSTING PROCESSES OF ORGANIC MATERIAL OF ANIMAL ORIGIN AND THE PRODUCTION PROCESS THEREOF

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin. It consists of a mixture of between 40 and 60% by mass of Diatomite and between 60 and 40% by mass of Zeolite, which has three simultaneous mechanisms of action that give it the ability to reduce the generation of bad odors in composting processes of agro-industrial waste of animal origin. The first mechanism is based on its high cation exchange capacity and affinity for the ammonium ion NH4+, thus preventing the formation and subsequent volatilization of ammonia NH3, which is associated with unpleasant odors.The second mechanism relates to the absorption capacity of various compounds associated with the perception of bad odors, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and ammonia (NH3). The third mechanism is its high drying capacity or moisture absorption, which causes a reduction in the water activity necessary for microbiological growth present in the substrate and subsequent formation of odor-generating compounds.

Description

MINERAL MIXTURE FOR ODOR CONTROL IN COMPOSTING PROCESSES OF ORGANIC MATERIAL OF ANIMAL ORIGIN AND THE PRODUCTION PROCESS THEREOF ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to the chemical industry and the field of agronomy in general, and in particular refers to a physical mixture of carefully selected natural minerals to reduce the generation of bad odors during the composting process of organic waste of animal origin and a production process thereof. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Technological alternatives have been reported for reducing and mitigating unpleasant odors generated during the composting of organic waste of animal origin. These alternatives are based on anaerobic microbiological processes, some more sophisticated than others. Among the high-investment options are biological reactors, while low-investment options include so-called "anaerobic lagoons" (Zhu, J., 2000). These technologies are designed for the treatment of liquid substrates, not solid ones, as is the case with the technical proposal that is the subject of this application. ML / a / zuz 1 / uu / y 11 Another alternative, also based on microbiological processes but aerobic in nature, is mechanical aeration, which aims to increase the level of dissolved oxygen in the liquid substrate. This promotes the growth of microorganisms capable of decomposing odor-generating compounds (volatile fatty acids, ammonia and volatile amines, volatile sulfur compounds, indoles, and phenols) (Williams et al., 1984; Williams et al., 1989; Pain et al., 1990; Sneath et al., 1992). Product There are reports of several technological alternatives of very diverse natures (chemical, physical, biological) for odor control in waste treatment processes for both solid and liquid waste generated in livestock activities. 1) Physicists Peat mosses are mosses belonging to the genus Sphagnum. Due to their high NH3 adsorption capacity (2.5% of their dry weight reported by Peltola, 1986), they prevent the volatilization of this NH3 and therefore the generation of associated bad odors. Al-Kanani, 1992 in his work “Odor control in Liquid hog manure by added amendments and aeration” shows that an 8% dose of peat moss on the substrate (Liquid hog manure) under non-aerated conditions reduces the level of odor-generating compounds to a greater degree compared to the control (untreated substrate) and the substrate in combination with various soil improvers such as elemental sulfur, calcium carbonate or even inorganic acids such as sulfuric or phosphoric. ML / a / zuz 1 / uu / y 11 Field trials conducted by Barrington et al., 1990 demonstrated that a floating peatland moss cover over pig slurry could reduce N losses through volatilization by up to 80%. These results are confirmed by other studies that have reported reductions in NH3 emissions from slurry and livestock manure using peatland moss (Peltola, 1986; Daigle et al., 1987; Witter and Kirchmann, 1989). Natural minerals Among the natural minerals that have been evaluated as additives for odor control in livestock waste treatment processes are zeolite, dolomite, sepiolite, etc. Unlike peat moss, the use of natural minerals is based on their capacity to adsorb ammonium (NH4+), which reduces the volatilization of ammonia (NH3) and thus prevents the generation of unpleasant odors. ινΐΛ / a / zuz ί / uu / y 11 Numerous studies have been conducted on this topic. To mention just a few, the following are cited. Witter and Kirchmann, 1989, concluded that the use of Zeolite with a particle size less than 0.2 mm in the aerobic process of manure composting reduced nitrogen losses by 16%, due to its high ammonium adsorption capacity and surface area. The work carried out by Nakaue et al., 1981 shows that the application of 5 kg / m2 of zeolite on chicken bedding for fattening reduced the concentration of NH3 by 35%, while the use of this in the animal's diet at a dose of 10% throughout its life cycle reduced the concentration of NH3 by only 8%. 2) Biological Microbial-based additives There are reports of the use of microbial-based products to improve substrate biodegradability. These products contain strains of microorganisms specifically isolated to address this problem. The mechanism by which these products have shown positive results in both reducing NH3 emissions and unpleasant odors is not well defined. To mention a few, the following can be cited: Miner and Stroh (1976) evaluated the effect of several commercial products on the ammonia (NH3) release rate. Among the products evaluated was a microbial-based one called "Odor Control Plus." Both showed good results, but only during the first 30 days after application; after this time, the average release rate equaled that of the untreated control. Other works that discuss the positive effect of this type of product are; Hendriks et al. (1997) “Field tests bio-additives to reduce ammonia emission from pig houses” and Bonazzi et al. (1996) “Options for controlling ammonia emissions from pig housing”. 3) Chemicals Organic and inorganic acids The addition of these compounds is based on the equilibrium between NH4+ and NH3 present in biological waste. NH3 volatilization, associated with the generation of unpleasant odors, is favored at alkaline pH. Lowering the substrate pH shifts the equilibrium and maintains the N in the form of NH4+, thus reducing NH3 volatilization. The effect of these compounds is widely documented (Molloy and Tunney, 1983; Stevens et al., 1989; Husted et al., 1991; Martínez et al., 1997). ML / a / zuz 1 / uu / y 11 Disinfectants There are reports of the use of various chemical agents capable of reducing the microbial population responsible for the degradation of organic compounds and the subsequent generation of compounds associated with malodors. Among the compounds used are orthochlorobenzene (Warburton et al., 1980; Colé et al., 1976), hydrogen cyanamide (Hamond et al., 1968; Warburton et al., 1980), and chlorine (Pain et al., 1987). Although reports indicate good results in odor control, their handling can pose a risk to public health and the environment. Oxidizing agents Numerous studies have been conducted to demonstrate the positive effect of using this group of chemicals to limit the generation of odor-causing compounds through their chemical degradation and by attacking the microorganisms that produce them. Among the most studied oxidizing agents are potassium permanganate (KMnO4), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ozone (O3). Most authors conclude that these additives are effective, but only for a short period of time. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) Faith (1964) demonstrated that the use of potassium permanganate in a 1% solution was effective in controlling odor generation in a cattle feedlot. Ritter et al. (1975) reported that this compound was effective in controlling odors for 72 hours from dairy industry waste at concentrations of approximately 240-48 mg / L. Cole et al. (1976) reported positive results in short-term evaluations of odor control in pig waste at a chemical concentration of 500 mg / L. Hydrogen peroxide Hollenback (1971) reported that this chemical was effective at concentrations of 50–100 mg / L for reducing H2S and odors from pig waste. However, Cole et al. (1976) concluded that only at a dose of 500 mg / L was this chemical effective in reducing odors from the same type of waste. Ozone Watkins et al. (1997) and Wu et al. (1998) reported that this compound at a concentration of 1 g / L was effective in reducing odors from the treatment of liquid swine waste. The feasibility of using this compound is limited by the equipment required for its handling and application to the substrate. The technological alternatives in the form of additives / products mentioned above pose a risk to the user or the environment ML / a / zuz 1 / uu / y 11 environment or, they work only under a mechanism of action. The present invention relates to a mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin. ML / a / zuz 1 / uu / y 11 Although the properties of several minerals with high cation exchange capacity, adsorption of ammonia and other compounds associated with the perception of bad odor, and absorption of water or moisture from the environment are known, so far no natural mineral mixture products developed to solve the problem addressed by this patent have been identified. Considerable studies have been identified that address one or two of the previously described mechanisms of action carried out by a particular mineral. Among the most studied minerals are zeolite, diatomite, and bentonite. Works such as Ratnawati's (2020) show the beneficial effect of using zeolite in the composting process of solid waste generated in animal slaughter facilities. This study only evaluated the capacity of this mineral as an adsorbent of gaseous ammonia (NH3). Meanwhile, Ren (2019) evaluated the use of diatomite mixed with pig waste and sawdust and confirmed the reduction in greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions in the final compost. Finally, Chen (2018) demonstrated that the use of a clay-like mineral (bentonite) mixed with chicken manure and straw is capable of reducing ammonia emissions and improving the quality of the final compost obtained. All these results agree with those obtained by L¡ et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2016; Prasa i et al., 2018; Bernal et al., 1993; Witter & López-Real, 1988, in their respective works. Few studies have been found that combine either: 1) materials of different natures but with the same mechanism of action (physical, biological, chemical) or 2) materials with different mechanisms of action. For example, Gutarowska et al. (2014) immobilized different strains of bacteria and fungi on a perlite:bentonite 20:80 mineral mixture to control odors in laboratory experiments on pig waste composting. The contribution of the mineral mixture to the odor reduction results obtained remains unclear. Febrisiantosa et al. (2018), on the other hand, demonstrated that the combined use of gypsum and charcoal improves the final properties of compost from livestock waste and reduces ammonia (NH3) volatilization during the process. A search was conducted to determine the closest prior art. Document CN 1 02603078A by Jingxi Wang and Xu Zhan, dated April 16, 2012, was located, revealing a method for repairing bodies of ML / a / zuz 1 / uu / y 11 Black and smelly river water, which uses a combination of bionic aquatic plants, biological oxygen enrichment, and microbial preparations to build a biological improvement system for black and smelly rivers. In the system, a certain proportion of aquatic plants, microbial preparations, carp, river otters, and cockroaches are placed to form a complete biological strengthening system to achieve the purpose of water and water body repair. Also located was document CN 1 02701 51 9A from Jianjiang Jiang dated May 17, 2012, which reveals a method for electrochemically combining biological ecology to treat river channels of bad odors, which includes the following measures: 1) biological contact oxidation, electrochemical treatment, aeration and aeration treatment; 2) injecting the microbial agent, before completing the electrochemical treatment, while maintaining the aeration and aeration treatment; 3) spraying biological bacteria into the sediment while maintaining the aeration and aeration treatment; 4) placing the biofilm system at a distance; 5) establishing artificial floating islands, planting aquatic plants on artificial floating islands and planting aquatic plants. The two previous documents address methods for treating and sanitizing river or canal water with bad odors; but they make no mention of a mineral mixture for the ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin. Document CN1 04857930A by Hang Xiaoshuai et al., dated May 14, 2015, was located, which reveals a method for producing modified mineral materials for the purification treatment of foul-smelling sewage channels, comprising the following steps: Step 1, attapulgite, zeolite, and bentonite minerals are dried, mixed, and coarsely ground; Step 2, calcium nitrate and lanthanum chloride are added to mix and obtain hybrid particles; Step 3, water is sprayed to extrude the hybrid particles into a flake clay mixture; Step 4, the flake clay mixture is uniformly mixed with polyspherical chloride and poly(I) ... In the previous document, although it reveals a method for producing modified mineral materials, it reveals a very different mineral mixture that requires several stages and additional agents such as calcium nitrate and lanthanum chloride, polyspheric chloride and polyaluminum chloride to obtain a product used to treat foul-smelling blackwater river water, but they do not mention anything about a mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 Document KR201 301 24441A by Lee Chun Seok, dated May 6, 2012, was located, disclosing a deodorizing agent comprising natural minerals for wastewater and compost treatment. This agent employs a natural deodorant to eliminate odors in wastewater by adsorbing, coagulating, and precipitating contaminants and odors. The deodorant according to the present invention is a natural inorganic agent based on natural minerals. Potassium feldspar is a type of ammonite mineral that acidifies and neutralizes sludge precipitated with alkali feldspar containing high amounts of potassium and sodium. It contains a large quantity of potassium and sodium, which are essential elements for plant growth. Furthermore, since the ion exchange capacity is enhanced by calcination and pulverizing, excellent ion adsorption capacity is obtained. However, this document again addresses the elimination of odors that cause bad smells in wastewater, and the mineral to be used is potassium feldspar. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 Given the need to find an economical, technical and environmentally viable alternative that allows the control of bad odors in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, the mineral mixture of the present invention was developed. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION ML / a / zuz 1 / uu / y 11 The main objective of the present invention is to make available a mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin that works under three different mechanisms of action; 1) the cation exchange of ammonium ions NH4+, which prevents its transformation into ammonia NH3 and its subsequent volatilization, 2) the adsorption of ammonia NH3 and other molecules associated with the perception of bad odor (H2S and volatile organic compounds, VOCs) present in the medium and 3) its high drying capacity or moisture absorption, Another objective of the invention is to provide this mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, offering the advantage of being a natural product that does not generate risks in its handling and application. Another objective of the invention is to provide this mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, which is also harmless and does not imply a risk to health or the environment. Another objective of the invention is to provide such a mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, which is also easy to apply and has a long shelf life. And all those qualities and objectives that will become apparent when making a general and detailed description of the present invention supported by the illustrated modalities. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION To solve the problem of reducing and mitigating bad odors generated during the composting process of organic waste of animal origin, it was thought to develop a product that was naturally ecological, that did not generate risks in its handling and application and that was also efficient. In the initial phase of the study, it was surprisingly determined that one of the alternatives for achieving the stated objectives was the preparation of mineral mixtures, which yielded encouraging results. This led to further research to determine the best mixtures, optimal proportions, and the types of minerals to use, among other factors, with the aim of finding a mineral mixture with the best properties for reducing and mitigating unpleasant odors generated during the composting process of organic waste of animal origin. The studies focused on evaluating the adsorption capacity of ammonium ions, the adsorption capacity of gaseous ammonia, and the absorption of water, which are factors directly related to the emission of bad odors in composting processes of organic material of animal origin. It can be found surprisingly that the mineral mixture enhances its effect for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin in accordance with the present invention, due to its mineral nature it could be determined that it offers three simultaneous mechanisms of action which are the cation exchange capacity and affinity for the ammonium ion NH4+, the adsorption capacity of various compounds associated with the perception of bad odor and its high drying capacity or moisture absorption. In general, the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin consists of a mixture of between 40 to 60% by mass of Diatomite and between 60 to 40% by mass of Zeolite. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 In the even more preferred embodiment of the invention, the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin consists of a mixture of 50% by mass of Diatomite and 50% by mass of Zeolite. Even more importantly, the preferred embodiment of the invention, the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, consists of a mixture of 50% by mass of Diatomite with a particle size of less than 3% mesh 325 and 50% by mass of Zeolite with a particle size of between 8 and 10% mesh 200. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 The invention also provides a production process for the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, consisting of the following stages: a) Carry out the grinding of Diatomite minerals with a particle size of less than 3% mesh 325 and Zeolite with a particle size of between 8 to 10% mesh 200; b) Mix in a ribbon mixer incorporating 40 to 60% by mass of Diatomite and 60 to 40% by mass of Zeolite, keeping the equipment running throughout the process. c) Leave the mixer in operation for a time of between 10 minutes and 30 minutes and preferably an additional 15 minutes to ensure good mixing of the components. d) Package the mineral mixture in the required presentation. The mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin in accordance with the present invention, due to its mineral nature, has three simultaneous mechanisms of action that give it the ability to reduce the generation of bad odors in composting processes of agro-industrial waste of animal origin. The first mechanism is based on its high cation exchange capacity and affinity for the ammonium ion NH4+, thus preventing the formation and subsequent volatilization of ammonia NH3, which is associated with unpleasant odors. The second mechanism relates to the adsorption capacity of various compounds associated with the perception of unpleasant odors, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and ammonia (NH3). The minerals used in the product covered by this patent perform both of these mechanisms; however, zeolite has a greater capacity to adsorb ammonium and volatile gases associated with the generation of unpleasant odors, such as ammonia. The third mechanism is its high drying capacity or moisture absorption; this causes a reduction in the water activity necessary for the growth of organic microbes present in the substrate and subsequent formation of odor-generating compounds. Among the benefits of the product in question, the following can be mentioned; 1. Product of natural origin, harmless and without risks to health or the environment. 2. Easy to apply. 3. Long shelf life To better understand the characteristics of the invention, the following drawings, which are illustrative but not limiting, are included as an integral part of this description. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 shows the system used to determine the ammonium adsorption capacity in mineral samples of diatomite-zeolite mixtures in mass ratios of 50-50, 25-75, 75-25, diatomite-caolite in mass ratio 50-50 and diatomite-pyrophyllite in mass ratio 50-50. Figure 2 shows a graph of the results of ammonium ion adsorption in g / kg on mineral samples of diatomite-zeolite mixtures in mass ratios of 50-50, 25-75, 75-25, diatomite-kaolin in mass ratio 50-50 and diatomite-pyrophyllite in mass ratio 50-50 subjected to total saturation of the cation adsorption capacity of the mineral samples with ammonium ions, determined by distillation, reaction in boric acid solution and titration. Figure 3 shows a graph of the results of the water absorption test in gr / kg in mineral samples of diatomite-zeolite mixtures in mass ratios of 50-50, 25-75, 75-25, diatomite-kaolin in mass ratio 50-50 and diatomite-pyrophyllite in mass ratio 50-50 subjected to complete wetting treatments. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 Figure 4 shows a graph of the results of the ammonia adsorption test in g / kg on mineral samples of diatomite-zeolite mixtures in mass ratios of 50-50, 25-75, 75-25, diatomite-kaolin in mass ratio 50-50 and diatomite-pyrophyllite in mass ratio 50-50 subjected in a closed distillation system to a dilute solution of ammonium hydroxide (ammonia in aqueous solution) to release ammonia in gaseous form, which upon contact with the mineral samples and collecting the excess in boric acid solution for subsequent determination by titration. Figure 5 shows a graph of the results of % moisture absorbed in sampled bedding material in broiler chickens in field experimentation where the mineral mixture of the present invention was applied. Figure 6 shows a graph of the results of % nitrogen adsorbed in sampled bedding material in broiler chickens in field experimentation where the mineral mixture of the present invention was applied. ινΐΛ / a / zuzί / uu / y 11 Figure 7 shows a graph of the results of the presence of Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria (AMB) in sampled bedding material in broiler chickens in field experimentation where the mineral mixture of the present invention was applied. Figure 8 shows a graph of the odor perception distance (OPD) results in a compost with pig and bovine waste in a slaughterhouse where the mineral mixture is applied in accordance with the present invention and without the application of said mixture. Figure 9 shows a graph of the results of the % moisture in a compost with pig and bovine waste in a slaughterhouse where the mineral mixture is applied in accordance with the present invention and without the application of said mixture. For a better understanding of the invention, a detailed description of some of its modalities will be given, shown in the drawings that are attached to this description for illustrative but not limiting purposes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION ινΐΛ / a / zuzί / uu / y 11 The characteristic details of the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin in accordance with the present invention are clearly shown in the following description and in the attached illustrative drawings, the same reference signs serving to indicate the same parts. In the initial phase of the study, it was surprisingly determined that one of the alternatives for achieving the stated objectives was the preparation of mineral mixtures, which yielded encouraging results. Following this, further research was conducted to determine the best mixtures, optimal proportions, and the types of minerals to use, among other factors, with the aim of finding a mineral mixture with the best properties for reducing and mitigating unpleasant odors generated during the composting process of organic waste of animal origin. The studies focused on evaluating the adsorption of a) ammonium and 2) gaseous ammonia and 3) water absorption, as an efficient alternative for the control of bad odors within composting processes of organic material of animal origin, which are factors directly related to the emission of bad odors in composting processes of organic material of animal origin. Example 1 Testing system Objective.- To demonstrate the ability of some mineral mixtures to adsorb a) ammonium and 2) gaseous ammonia and 3) absorb water, as an efficient alternative for the control of bad odors within composting processes of organic material of animal origin, where the composition of the present invention could be determined. Development Ammonium Ion Adsorption The method is based on the total saturation of the mineral sample's cation adsorption capacity with ammonium ions, for subsequent determination by distillation, reaction in boric acid solution, and titration. Saturation of the sample with ammonium ions 1000 g of a wet mineral sample is taken and mixed with 100 mL of 0.5 N ammonium chloride solution. This mixture is subjected to magnetic stirring for 1 hour at boiling temperature. After this time, the mixture is allowed to stand for 16 hours. The sample is then washed with distilled water until the filtrate is free of ammonium ions (qualitative determination with Nessler reagent). Once this is achieved, the sample is dried at 100°C for 24 hours. After the drying process, the ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 shows this list for analysis. Distillation, reaction in boric acid and titration A 0.200 g dry sample is taken and placed in a distillation flask connected to a heating and condensing system. Inside the flask are placed 300 ml of distilled water and 25 ml of 40% sodium hydroxide solution, while at the condenser outlet are placed 50 ml of 4% boric acid solution and mixed indicator. The sample is distilled for a minimum of 20 minutes or until a final distillate volume of 300 mL is reached. The distillate is titrated with 0.1 N HCl solution until the color changes from turquoise to orange. The volume of acid used is correlated with the amount of ammonium ions present in the mineral sample. A blank is run without the mineral sample but with the remaining reagents. Water absorption 3,000 g of mineral sample are placed in a 250 ml beaker. Distilled water is added drop by drop to the sample using a burette until it is completely wetted. This is achieved when the sample is able to absorb all of the added water and no dry areas remain. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 Adsorption of gaseous ammonia A closed system is set up in which, by distilling a dilute ammonium hydroxide solution (ammonia in aqueous solution) (A), ammonia is released in gaseous form (B), which comes into contact with the mineral sample (C), and the excess is collected in boric acid solution (D) for subsequent determination by titration. Figure 1 represents the system used. According to Figure 1, 0.500 g of mineral sample and 100 ml of dilute ammonium hydroxide solution are placed. The ammonium hydroxide solution is distilled for 20 minutes while collecting the excess ammonia gas or the ammonia not captured by the sample. After this time, the system is disconnected, and the total ammonia present in both the distillate and the dilute ammonium hydroxide solution is quantified by titration with 0.5 N HCl. This is done by measuring the volume of 0.5 N HCl solution required to achieve a color change from turquoise to orange. A blank without a mineral sample is run following the same procedure. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 The treatments evaluated are described in Table 1. Table 1. Description of treatments evaluated. #Mineral Treatment 1 - Mineral 2 Mass Ratio TI DZ 50-50 T2 25-75 T3 75 - 25 T4 DC 50-50 T5 D-P 50-50 iviA / a / ¿u¿i / uu / y11 D = Diatomite, Z = Zeolite, C = Kaolin, P = Pyrophyllite Results Table 2 - Results of ammonium adsorption, ammonia and water absorption in the different treatments. #Treatment Ammonium Adsorption (g / kg) Water Absorption (g / kg) Ammonia Adsorption (g / kg) TI 16.2 80.0 8.77 T2 17.6 50.0 9.86 T3 10.8 93.3 6.57 T4 4.5 66.7 6.57 T5 0.0 76.7 4.93 Conclusion It has been confirmed that the 50% diatomaceous earth + 50% zeolite combination is the optimal one, since, although there are combinations of these minerals with higher ammonium and ammonia adsorption values ​​(T2 and T3 compared to T1), these exhibit lower water absorption values. The same is true from the opposite perspective; that is, if the goal is to obtain maximum water absorption, the ammonium and ammonia adsorption values ​​would be reduced. The importance of achieving a balance among these variables lies in the fact that all three mechanisms of action are crucial for odor reduction during the composting of organic material of animal origin. In this case, diatomite is the mineral primarily responsible for water absorption, while zeolite plays a more significant role in ammonium and ammonia adsorption. Similarly, it was shown that a combination of different minerals, for example, Diatomite - Kaolin and Diatomite - Pyrophyllite, maintaining the mass ratio between treatments (compare T1 with T4 and T5), would generate a significant reduction in the adsorbent properties of ammonium, water and ammonia. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 Example 2 Field experimentation carried out with the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, which consists of a mixture of 50% by mass of Diatomite and 50% by mass of Zeolite. Development The methodology used in field experimentation with the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, in accordance with the present invention, is briefly described below. Evaluation of the quality of a bed in broiler chickens, productive parameters and integrity of the birds during a complete cycle, with treatment of the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, in accordance with the present invention, in the experimental poultry production unit. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, in accordance with the present invention as a moisture absorbent in the bedding and soil in an experimental unit of fattening poultry. Methodology.- The test was carried out in a poultry house, measuring 50 x 10 m2, with a total area of ​​2000 m2. Rice hulls were used as bedding material. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 5200 one-day-old ROSS x ROSS breed chickens, sexed males, completely healthy and immunized, were used, housed in 3 treatments plus a control group, where each treatment had 1300 birds, being 130 birds per cage, all birds were offered free access to food during the 8 weeks. Table 3.- Description of treatments used on the mineral mixture for odor control of the present invention. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 Treatment Dose (g / m2) 1 0 2 50 3 100 4 200 The shed was received clean and previously disinfected for bedding preparation. The appropriate bedding material was weighed for each group (pen), and the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, according to the present invention, was added at the indicated dosage based on the pen's dimensions. It was then distributed evenly throughout the total area of ​​each pen. The groups were distributed completely randomly, and each group was individually identified. Results Table 4,- Results obtained at the end of the test time of example 2 (see figures 5 to 7). Final Treatment %Moisture %Nitrogen BMA (CFU / g) T1 28.4 2.49 1.4E+09 T2 26.4 2.91 5.9E+08 T3 30.1 2.58 1.7E+09 T4 25.9 2.74 6.9E+08 Example 3 Use of the mineral mixture according to the present invention, to eliminate odors in composting with pig and bovine waste in a slaughterhouse, consisting of a mixture of 50% by mass of Diatomite and 50% by mass of Zeolite. Objective: To evaluate the quality of compost with and without the application of the mineral mixture according to the present invention. The variables to be monitored include: 1) Compost moisture content (%) and 2) Odor perception distance (OPD) of both composts. ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 The methodology used in field experimentation with the mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, in accordance with the present invention, is briefly described below. Methodology: Composting facilities are used, 300 m² for the control group and 300 m² for the control group. For the control group (using the mineral mixture according to the present invention), a 30 cm thick layer of waste is applied. The mineral mixture according to the present invention is then broadcast over this layer until the corresponding area is covered. Subsequently, another 60 cm thick layer of waste is applied. The mineral mixture according to the present invention is then applied again until the entire compost layer is covered. This process is carried out in the same way for the control group, but without using the mineral mixture according to the present invention. Results ML / a / zuzi / uu / y 11 Table 5,- Results obtained at the end of the test time of example 3 (see figures 8 to 10). Control Test Day DPO (m) %Humidity DPO (m) %Humidity 0 500 25 500 20 1 250 25 150 10 3 350 20 50 15 4 250 15 50 10 7 300 30 80 25 DPO - Odor perception distance Conclusion Both field experiments demonstrate the capacity of the mineral mixture according to the present invention not only to absorb water, resulting in a decrease in the moisture content of the substrate to which it is applied, which indirectly reduces microbial activity and presence, but also, due to its mineral composition, to adsorb nitrogen, either in the form of ammonium or ammonia, resulting in an increase in the nitrogen content of the substrate to which it is applied. These effects ultimately contribute to the reduction of unpleasant odors during composting processes of organic material of animal origin. The invention has been sufficiently described to allow a person of average skill to reproduce it and obtain the results mentioned herein. However, any person skilled in the field of technology to which this invention pertains may be able to make modifications not described herein. Nevertheless, if the application of these modifications to a particular structure or to the manufacturing process thereof requires the material claimed in the following claims, such structures shall be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. - A mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, characterized by comprising between 40 to 60% by mass of Diatomite and between 60 to 40% by mass of Zeolite.

2. The mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, according to claim 1, characterized by comprising 50% by mass of Diatomite and 50% by mass of Zeolite.

3. The mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, according to any of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the Diatomite has a particle size of less than 3% mesh 325.

4. The mineral mixture for odor control in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, according to any of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the Zeolite has a particle size of between 8 and 10% mesh 200. 5.- A production process of the mineral mixture for the control of odors in composting processes of organic material of animal origin, as claimed in claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: a) Grinding the Diatomite minerals with a particle size of less than 3% mesh 325 and Zeolite with a particle size of between 8 to 10% mesh 200; b) Mixing in a ribbon mixer incorporating 40 to 60% by mass of Diatomite and between 60 to 40% by mass of Zeolite, keeping the equipment in operation throughout the process. 10 c) Leave the mixer operating for a period of between 10 and 30 minutes, and preferably an additional 15 minutes to ensure thorough mixing of the components. d) Package the mineral mixture in the required presentation.