WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM BY COLD EVAPORATION THROUGH FRACTIONAL SURFACES.

Abstract

A water purification system using cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces is based on a physical phenomenon of liquids called the principle of adhesion. The liquid adheres to the contour of a solid surface, mimicking its shape and thickness. This surface, being rounded and thin, allows for the thinning of aqueous films, causing them to cover the entire segment (contact surface) and thus significantly reducing the energy used for evaporation. The thin aqueous film is efficiently distributed across 360 degrees of a rotating fractionated system, making cold evaporation much more efficient than commonly used methods. The cold evaporation water purification system using fractionated surfaces comprises an evaporation mesh, a rotating element, a plastic tank, an airflow turbine, and a condensation element.

Description

WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM BY COLD EVAPORATION THROUGH FRACTIONAL SURFACES Extract of the Invention: A water purification system is described using cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces, whereby cold evaporation is created assisted by a rotating geometry which increases evaporation and decreases energy consumption. Background of the invention: Current temperature-based evaporation processes for various types of liquids are highly inefficient. A large amount of energy is required to raise the water temperature to boiling and maintain this mass transfer system, resulting in an energy expenditure of 7 joules / cm³ of evaporated mass. This is solely for converting the water mass into vapor. Purifying different liquids requires consuming large amounts of energy, and the high-temperature vapor generated carries various contaminants with it. Low-temperature liquid purification, as described in this application, allows for the complete removal of unwanted contaminants with lower energy consumption and a higher degree of purification. The present system facilitates cold evaporation through a rotating system of fractionated surfaces. Description of the Figures: Figure 1 shows a top side view of the complete fractional surface cold evaporation water purification system, referring to the elements of the present invention. Item (1) shows the mesh through which mass transfer occurs, and item (2) refers to the cell or unit of elongation of aqueous molecules present in this mesh. The cover (3) is located at the ends of the rotating system, supporting the shaft and the system. The shaft (4) is located in the center of the cover (3) and is connected to a rotating element comprising a motor that operates at a rotational speed of between 10 and 30 rpm. This rotating element is submerged in a water body (5). Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the mesh function (1). In each cell (2), a set of elongations of aqueous components (9) is generated that cover the space, decreasing the evaporation coefficient of this liquid. Figure 3.- A perspective view of the mesh function (1) is shown, causing the fluid elongation (8) along the cell geometry. Figure 4 shows a side front elevation view of the water purification system by cold evaporation through fractional surfaces, highlighting the condensation element (7), which is a fin and tube condenser, with primary and secondary area, where a refrigerant liquid circulates with a Delta T of between 15 and 30sC, in a preferred embodiment of the invention. Detailed description of the invention: The water purification system using cold evaporation through fractional surfaces described here is based on a physical phenomenon of liquids called the principle of adhesion. The liquid adheres to the contour of a solid surface, mimicking its shape and thickness. This surface, being rounded and thin, allows the aqueous films to thin out, causing them to cover the entire segment (contact surface) and thus significantly reducing the energy used for evaporation. The thin aqueous film will be efficiently distributed over 360 degrees of a fractional system that is also rotating, making cold evaporation much more efficient compared to commonly used methods. The water purification system using cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces described here is based on the physicochemical properties of water and other liquids. The following concepts are taken into account: Each molecule within a liquid is surrounded by other molecules. These molecules, being identical, attract each other equally in all directions (cohesion). However, the liquid molecules in the outer layer are attracted by almost half the frictional forces as the others. On the other hand, there is adhesion. A liquid can adhere to a surface when the adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces of the liquid's own molecules, making the surface appear damp or wet. If the cohesive forces are greater, the liquid will remain together in the form of a sphere or droplet. These concepts allow water to evaporate at low temperatures because the liquid adheres to a fragmented surface, mimicking its shape. This causes it to spread, thus reducing internal cohesive forces and the number of molecular bonds. This process creates ultrathin lamellar surfaces adhering to all surfaces of the previously described structure. These lamellar surfaces break down when exposed to a laminar airflow, allowing mass transfer. The present water purification system by cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces is shown in Figure 1, in a preferred embodiment, where the mesh (1) through which mass transfer occurs and the cell or elongation unit of aqueous molecules (2) present in this mesh are shown. The cover (3) is located at the ends of the rotating element, providing support to the shaft and the system. In the center of the cover (3) is the shaft (4), which is connected to a rotating element with a motor that operates at a rotational speed of between 10 and 30 rpm. This rotating element is submerged in a water bath (5). In a preferred embodiment, the airflow (6) has a speed of 2m / s and has the energy necessary to break the surface tension of the liquid and transport the vapor generated by the process to a condensation element (7), which is shown in Figure 4. Figure 2 describes the function of the mesh (1). In each cell (2), a set of elongations of aqueous components (9) is generated that cover the space, decreasing the evaporation coefficient of this liquid. Figure 3 also shows an approach to the mesh function (1), causing the fluid elongation (8) along the cell geometry. In a preferred embodiment, the fractional surface cold evaporation water purification system described further features a condensation element fricQnn / Lznz / E / γΐΛΐ (7), which is a primary and secondary area fin and tube condenser, in which a coolant with a Delta T of between 15 and 30sC circulates. In a preferred embodiment, the fractionated surface cold evaporation water purification system consists of the following elements: Evaporation mesh or screen: This mesh (1) is an element composed of cells 1 mm to 5 mm in diameter, 1 mm to 3.5 mm long, and 1 mm to 2.5 mm wide. It has a concentration of between 2000 and 3000 cells per m². These cells are housed in a rotating, spiral-shaped element. Rotating element: This element consists of a cylinder 50 to 100 cm in diameter with a shaft and two end caps. It rotates at a speed of between 10 and 30 rpm. It is located within a system comprised of an aerobic area and an anaerobic area; as it rotates, it draws the liquid molecules from the anaerobic zone to the aerobic zone for purification. Tub: It is a structure, preferably made of plastic, with the capacity to store and transfer the liquid to be evaporated. It has an area designated for the decantation of solids suspended in the liquid. Airflow turbine: Element by which an air current is accelerated by which millions of air molecules hit the liquid area, thus modifying the pressure and temperature, inciting evaporation. In a preferred embodiment, it is a fan motor unit (turbine) that accelerates airflow between 1 m / s and 3 m / s, in a unidirectional manner. The recovery of pure water is through condensation elements that are arranged as fin and tube condensers with primary and secondary area. The present invention is based on a physical phenomenon of cold evaporation, which is improved and enhanced by the phenomenon of water adhesion (liquids), specifically the medium through which aqueous molecules adhere to solid surfaces. These surfaces can vary greatly in area and geometry. However, there are specific geometries that cause the liquid to expand, thus reducing the number of bonds per square inch. This is of paramount importance because it decreases the time and energy used and generates a greater volume of evaporation compared to current methods. In a preferred embodiment, the structural geometry proposed in this invention is cylindrical with maximum diameters of 3 mm and segments between 1.5 and 3 cm long by between 1.5 and 3.5 cm wide per cell (without being limiting). These arrangements can form part of multiple assemblies, i.e., more complex structures such as cylindrical meshes. When these meshes are rotated about an axis, they are submerged in a liquid, and the segments emerging from this liquid form laminar structures with few molecular bonds, allowing the liquid to evaporate more quickly.

Claims

1. A water purification system by cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces, characterized in that it comprises an evaporation mesh, a rotating element, a plastic tub, an air flow turbine and a condensation element.

2. The water purification system by cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporation mesh comprises cells between 1 mm and 5 mm in diameter, between 1 mm and 3.5 mm in length, and between 1 mm and 2.5 mm in width, with a concentration of between 2000 and 3000 cells per m², housed in a rotating spiral element.

3. The water purification system by cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating element comprises a cylinder of between 50 cm and 100 cm in diameter with a shaft and two side covers, said rotating element rotating at a speed of between 10 and 30 rpm.

4. The water purification system by cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the tub is made of plastic and comprises an area for the decantation of solids suspended in the liquid.

5. The water purification system by cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the airflow turbine comprises a fan motor unit (turbine) that accelerates the airflow to between 1 m / s and 3 m / s, in a unidirectional manner.

6. The water purification system by cold evaporation through fractionated surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a finned and tube condenser, with primary and secondary area, in which a refrigerant liquid circulates with a Delta T of between 15 and 30sC.