BLOOD COLLECTION DEVICE AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Abstract

A blood collection device for reducing hemolysis in a peripheral intravenous catheter system may include a distal end. The distal end of the blood collection device may include a male Luer adapter, which may include a distal opening. The blood collection device may include a cannula in fluid communication with the male Luer adapter. The cannula may include a distal end and a tapered proximal tip. The blood collection device may include an elongated neck disposed between the male Luer adapter and the tapered proximal tip. The blood collection device may include a fluid pathway extending from the distal opening through the tapered proximal tip. The diameter of the fluid pathway may be constant. The total length of the fluid pathway is represented by L, and the diameter of the fluid pathway is represented by D. D4 / L may be equal to or less than a predetermined value.

Description

BLOOD COLLECTION DEVICE AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority over the United States provisional application serial no. 63 / 065.785, entitled Blood Extraction Device and Related Systems and Methods filed on August 14, 2020, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND A catheter is commonly used to infuse fluids into a patient's blood vessels. For example, a catheter can be used to infuse normal saline, various medications, or total parenteral nutrition. A catheter can also be used to draw blood from the patient. The catheter may include a peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter that covers the needle. In this case, the catheter may be mounted on an introducer needle with a sharp distal tip. The catheter and introducer needle may be assembled so that the distal tip of the introducer needle extends beyond the distal tip of the catheter, with the bevel of the needle facing upward and away from the patient's skin. The catheter and introducer needle are typically inserted at a shallow angle through the skin into the patient's vasculature. To verify that the introducer needle and / or catheter have been properly inserted into the blood vessel, the physician will typically confirm that blood flows back into a return chamber of the catheter assembly. Once needle placement has been confirmed, the physician can remove the needle, leaving the catheter in place for future blood draws or fluid infusions. A blood collection container can be used to draw blood or collect a blood sample from a patient. The blood collection container may include a syringe or a test tube with a rubber stopper at one end. In some cases, the air inside the blood collection container has been partially or completely removed from the test tube, so the pressure within the container is lower than ambient pressure. Such a blood collection container is often called an internal vacuum tube or vacuum tube. One commonly used blood collection container is the BD VACUTAINER® tube, marketed by Becton Dickinson and Company of Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. The blood collection container can be attached to the catheter. When attached, ML / a / ZUZ J / UUl 003 Blood collection container to catheter, the pressure in the vein is higher than the pressure in the blood collection container, which pushes blood into the blood collection container, thus filling the blood collection container with blood. The vacuum inside the blood collection container decreases as the blood collection container fills, until the pressure in the blood collection container equals the pressure in the vein and the blood flow stops. Unfortunately, as blood enters the blood collection container, red blood cells are subjected to high shear stress and are susceptible to hemolysis due to a high initial pressure differential between the vein and the collection container. Hemolysis can lead to rejection and discarding of a blood sample. The high initial pressure differential can also cause catheter tip folding, vein collapse, or other complications that prevent or restrict blood from filling the collection container. The subject matter claimed herein is not limited to implementations that overcome a disadvantage or that function only in environments such as those described above. Instead, this background information is provided only to illustrate a technological area by way of example where some of the implementations described herein can be put into practice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION This disclosure generally relates to blood collection devices and related systems and methods. In some embodiments, a peripheral intravenous catheter system can reduce the risk of mechanical hemolysis during blood collection from a patient's vasculature. In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter system may include a peripheral intravenous catheter and a female luer adapter attached to the peripheral intravenous catheter. In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter system may include a blood collection device, which may include a distal end. In some embodiments, the distal end of the blood collection device may include a male Luer adapter, which can be coupled to the female Luer adapter. In some embodiments, the male Luer adapter may include a distal opening. In some embodiments, the blood collection device may include a cannula in fluid communication with the male Luer adapter. In some embodiments, the cannula may include a distal end and a tapered proximal tip. In some embodiments, the blood collection device may include an elongated neck arranged ML / a / ZUZ J / UUl EYE between the male luer adapter and the sharp proximal tip. In some embodiments, the blood collection device may include a fluid pathway extending from the distal opening through the sharp proximal tip. In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter is 22G-18G (inclusive) and the total length of the fluid pathway is 5 cm (2 in). In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter is 24G and the total length of the fluid pathway is 13.7 cm (5.4 in). In some embodiments, the total length of the fluid pathway is between 5 cm (2 in) and 13.7 cm (5.4 in), inclusive. In some embodiments, the fluid path diameter is constant, the total length of the fluid path is represented by L, and the fluid path diameter is represented by D. In some embodiments, the fluid path diameter may be larger than the minimum inside diameter of the peripheral intravenous catheter. In some embodiments, D4 / L is equal to or less than a predetermined value, which may be based on a peripheral intravenous catheter gauge. In some implementations, the peripheral intravenous catheter gauge is 24G, and D4 / L is equal to or less than 1E-6 cm3 (5.8E-08 cubic inches). In some implementations, the peripheral intravenous catheter gauge is 22G and D4 / L is equal to or less than 3E-6 cm3 (1.6E-07 cubic inches). In some implementations, the peripheral intravenous catheter gauge is 20G, and D4 / L is equal to or less than 5E-6 cm3 (3.1E-07 cubic inches). In some implementations, the peripheral intravenous catheter gauge is 18G, and D4 / L is equal to or less than 1E-6 cm3 (5.8E-08 cubic inches). In some embodiments, the male luer adapter of the blood collection device may include a collar. In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the collar may be larger than the outer diameter of the elongated neck. In some embodiments, the blood collection device may include a holder configured to receive a blood collection tube. In some embodiments, the holder may include a cylindrical body. In some embodiments, the tapered proximal tip is arranged in the center of the cylindrical body. In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the holder may be larger than the outer diameter of the elongated neck. In some embodiments, the elongated neck may be positioned between the holder and the collar. In some embodiments, the distal end of the cannula may be integrated within the elongated neck.In some embodiments, the blood collection device may be of a specific gauge or configured for use with a specific catheter gauge. In some embodiments, the blood collection device may be configured for use with a single catheter gauge or with more than one catheter gauge. In some embodiments, D may. ML / a / ZUZ J / UUl NOTE: be greater than or equal to an inner diameter of the catheter. In some embodiments, the blood collection device may include an additional female Luer adapter located at the proximal end of the elongated neck. In some embodiments, the distal end of the support may include an additional male Luer adapter. In some embodiments, the additional female Luer adapter may be coupled to the additional male Luer adapter. It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are illustrative, not restrictive, examples of this disclosure. It should be understood that the various embodiments are not limited to the arrangements and instruments shown in the drawings. It should also be understood that the embodiments may be combined or that other embodiments may be used, and that structural changes, unless otherwise claimed, may be made without departing from the scope of the various embodiments of this disclosure. The following detailed description should therefore not be construed as limiting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS The example embodiments will now be described and explained specifically and in detail using the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1A is a top perspective view of an earlier blood collection device; Figure 1B is a cross-sectional view of the blood collection device of the prior art; Figure 2A is a top perspective view of an example of a blood collection device, according to some embodiments; Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of the blood collection device, according to some embodiments; Figure 2C is a top perspective view of an example part of the blood collection device, according to some embodiments; Figure 2D is a cross-sectional view of the part coupled to a remaining part of the blood collection device, according to some embodiments; Figure 3A is a top perspective view of an example peripheral intravenous catheter system, according to some embodiments; Figure 3B is a cross-sectional view of the peripheral intravenous catheter system, illustrating an illustrative needle assembly in a disassembled state, according to some embodiments; ML / a / ZUZ J / UUl 003 Figure 4A is a bar chart illustrating an average maximum shear ratio and an average blood draw rate ratio for example blood draw devices compared to the best blood draw device of the prior art, wherein each of the blood draw devices includes a fluid pathway having the total length represented by L, according to some embodiments; Figure 4B is a bar chart illustrating a sum of the maximum shear ratio and a sum of the blood collection rate ratio for example blood collection devices compared to the best-in-class blood collection device of the prior art, where each of the blood collection devices includes the fluid pathway having a total length represented by L, according to some embodiments; and Figure 4C is a bar chart illustrating an average maximum shear ratio and an average blood collection rate ratio for example blood collection devices compared to the best-in-class blood collection device of the prior art, where each of the blood collection devices includes the fluid pathway having the total length represented by L, according to some embodiments. DESCRIPTION OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS With reference to Figures 1A-1B, a prior art blood collection device 10 is illustrated. The prior art blood collection device 10 may correspond to a BD VACUTAINER® LUER-LOK™ access device, marketed by Becton Dickinson and Company of Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. The prior art blood collection device 10 is typically used during blood collection through an extension set of a catheter assembly inserted into a patient's vasculature. The prior art blood collection device 10 is configured to receive a blood collection container, such as a BD VACUTAINER® tube.The blood collection device 10 of the prior art includes a cannula 12 that is configured to pierce a rubber plug of the BD VACUTAINER® tube in response to the BD VACUTAINER® tube being inserted into the blood collection device 10 of the prior art. With reference to Figures 2A-2B, a blood collection device 20 is illustrated, according to several embodiments. In some embodiments, the blood collection device 20 may include a distal end 22 and a proximal end 24. In some embodiments, the distal end 22 of the blood collection device 20 may include a male luer adapter 26, which may include a distal opening 28. In some embodiments, the blood collection device 20 may include a cannula 30 in fluid communication with the male luer adapter 26. In some embodiments, the cannula 30 may include a distal end 32 and a tapered proximal tip 34. In some embodiments, the cannula 30 may be constructed of metal or another suitable material configured to pierce a seal of a blood collection container, such as a blood collection tube.In some embodiments, an elastomeric sleeve 31 and in response to the insertion of the blood collection container that is inserted into the blood collection device 20, the sharp proximal tip 34 can pierce the elastomeric sleeve 31, which can be compressed distally by the blood collection container. In some embodiments, the blood collection device 20 may include an elongated neck 35 disposed between the male luer adapter 26 and the tapered proximal tip 34. In some embodiments, the blood collection device 20 may include a fluid path 36 extending from the distal opening 28 through the tapered proximal tip 34. In some embodiments, a diameter 37 of the fluid path 36 is constant. In some embodiments, a full length 38 of the fluid path 36 is represented by L and the diameter 37 of the fluid path 36 is represented by D, as will be discussed in more detail later. In some embodiments, the male luer adapter 26 of the blood collection device 20 may include a collar 39, which can extend around a protrusion 40 of the male luer adapter 26. In some embodiments, the distal opening 28 can be disposed within a more distal portion of the protrusion 40. In some embodiments, an inner surface of the collar 39 can be threaded to form a luer-lock fit with a corresponding female luer adapter. In other embodiments, the inner surface of the collar 39 can be smooth to form a sliding fit with a corresponding female luer adapter. In some embodiments, the fluid pathway 36 can be formed entirely by the cannula 30, which can extend through the collar 39 and form the protrusion 40 and the distal opening 28. In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the collar 39 may be larger than the outer diameter of the elongated neck 35. In some embodiments, the blood collection device 20 may include a holder 41 configured to receive a blood collection container, such as a blood collection tube. In some embodiments, the holder 41 may include a cylindrical body 42. In some embodiments, the pointed proximal tip 34 may be arranged in the center of the cylindrical body 42 to facilitate piercing a seal of the MA / a / ZUZ4 / UUl 043 blood collection container in response to insertion of the blood collection container into a proximal opening 44 of the cylindrical body 42. In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the cylindrical body 42 may be larger than the outer diameter of the elongated neck 35. In some embodiments, the elongated neck 35 may be positioned between the support 41 and the collar 39. In some embodiments, the distal end 32 of the cannula 30 may be integrated and secured within the elongated neck 35. In some embodiments, the elastomeric sheath 21 may be attached to an inner surface of the support 41. With reference now to Figures 2C-2D, in some embodiments, the blood collection device 20 may include a female Luer adapter 46 disposed at a proximal end of the elongated neck 35. In some embodiments, the distal end of the support 41 may include a male Luer adapter 48. In some embodiments, the female Luer adapter 46 may be coupled to the male Luer adapter 48. Therefore, in some embodiments, the blood collection device 20 may include an extension 50, which a user may attach to the support 41 to provide the elongated neck 35 and an increased L, which may decrease the risk of hemolysis. In these and other embodiments, D may correspond to an inside diameter of the cannula 30. In some embodiments, an inside diameter of the elongated neck 35 may be equal to D along all or part of the elongated neck 35.In some embodiments, the 48 male luer adapter may be similar or identical to the 26 male luer adapter in terms of one or more features and / or operation. With reference to Figures 3A-3B, a peripheral intravenous catheter system 52 is illustrated, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter system 52 may include a peripheral intravenous catheter 54 and a female luer adapter 56 coupled to the peripheral intravenous catheter 54. In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter system 52 may include the blood collection device 20, which may reduce the risk of hemolysis. In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter system 52 may include a catheter adapter 58, which may include a distal end 60, a proximal end 62, and a lumen 64 extending through the distal end 60 of the catheter adapter 58 and the proximal end 62 of the catheter adapter 58. In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 may extend distally from the distal end 60 of the catheter adapter 58. In some embodiments, the male luer adapter 26 of the blood collection device 20 can be coupled to the female luer adapter 56. In some embodiments, the system of The peripheral intravenous catheter 52 and / or the location of the female luer adapter 56 may vary. In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter system 52 may include an extension tube 66, which may include a distal end integrated with a side port 68 of the catheter adapter 58 and a proximal end integrated with the female luer adapter 56. In some embodiments, the side port 68 may be disposed between the distal end 60 and the proximal end 62 of the catheter adapter 58 and in fluid communication with the lumen 64. In some embodiments, the proximal end 62 of the catheter adapter 58 may include the female luer adapter 56, and the blood collection device 20 may be coupled to the proximal end 62 of the catheter adapter 58. In some embodiments, a septum 70 may be disposed within the lumen 64 of the catheter adapter 58. In some embodiments, an introducer needle 72 of a needle assembly 74 may extend through the septum 70 and the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 when the peripheral intravenous catheter system 52 is inserted into the patient's vasculature. In some embodiments, the needle assembly 74 may be withdrawn from the peripheral intravenous catheter system 52 in response to the insertion of the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 into the vasculature. In some embodiments, the introducer needle 72 may include a tapered distal tip 76 and may extend from a needle shaft 78 of the needle assembly 74, which may be coupled to the proximal end 62 of the catheter adapter 58. Typically, the maximum shear stress during blood collection through a peripheral intravenous catheter 54 is much greater than the maximum shear stress during blood collection using other types of catheters. In some embodiments, the total length of the fluid pathway 36 is between 5 cm (2 in.) and 13.7 cm (5.4 in.), inclusive, which may reduce the maximum shear stress during blood collection. In some embodiments, the gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 is between 22G and 18G, inclusive, and the total length of the fluid pathway 36 may be approximately 5 cm (2 in.).In some embodiments, increasing the total length of the fluid pathway 36 from 2.54 cm (1 inch) (as in the blood collection device 10 of the prior art in Figures 1A-1B) to approximately 5 cm (2 inches) for the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 that is 22G-18G (inclusive) decreased the maximum shear stress during blood collection by an unexpected amount. In some implementations, the peripheral intravenous catheter gauge is 24G and the total length of the fluid line 36 may be approximately 13.7 cm (5.4 in). In some implementations, increasing the total length of the fluid line 36 from 2.54 cm (1 in) (as MA / a / ZUZ4 / UUl 043 in the blood collection device 10 of the previous technique of Figures 1A-1B) to approximately 13.7 cm (5.4 inches) for the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 which is 24G decreased the maximum shear stress during blood collection by an unexpected amount. In some implementations, the diameter of the fluid line 36 may be larger than a minimum inside diameter of the peripheral intravenous catheter 54. In some implementations, D4 / L is equal to or less than a predetermined value, which may be based on the gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter 54. In some implementations, the predetermined value may correspond to a value at which the risk of hemolysis is determined to be low. In some implementations, the gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter is 24G, and D4 / L is equal to or less than 1E-6 cm3 (5.8E-08 cubic inches). In some implementations, the gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter is 22G, and D4 / L is equal to or less than 3E-6 cm3 (1.6E-07 cubic inches). In some implementations, the gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter is 20G, and D4 / L is equal to or less than 5E-6 cm3 (3.1E-07 cubic inches). In some embodiments, the gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter is 18G, and D4 / L is equal to or less than 1 E-6 cm3 (5.8E-08 cubic inches).With reference to Figure 4A, a bar chart illustrates the maximum shear ratio and blood collection rate ratio for the blood collection device 20 compared to the best-in-class prior art blood collection device, namely the VACUTAINER 21G BD® ULTRATOUCH™ push-button blood collection set (referred to as the 21G UTw BC Set or UT). In some embodiments, the peripheral intravenous catheter gauge is 24G and the total fluid line length 36 may be approximately 13.7 cm (5.4 in). In some embodiments, increasing the total length of the fluid pathway 36 from 2.54 cm (1 inch) (as in the blood collection device 10 of the prior art in Figures 1A-1B) to approximately 13.7 cm (5.4 inches) for the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 that is 24G decreased the maximum shear stress relative to UT during blood collection by an unexpected amount.In some embodiments, increasing the total length of the fluid pathway 36 (see Figure 2) from 2.54 cm (1 inch) (as in the blood collection device 10 of the prior technique in Figures 1A-1B) to approximately 5 cm (2 inches) with the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 (see Figure 3) that is 18G-22G decreased the maximum shear stress to UT ratio during blood collection by an unexpected amount. In some implementations, with the 54-gauge peripheral intravenous catheter, which is 18G or 20G, the blood withdrawal rate will be the same as the UT once the maximum shear stresses are equalized. In some implementations, with the 54-gauge peripheral intravenous catheter, which is 22G, ML / a / ZUZ J / UUl 003 The blood collection rate may be slightly slower than that of UT, whereas for the 24G peripheral intravenous catheter 54, the blood collection rate is significantly lower than that of UT when the maximum shear is matched. With reference now to Figure 4B, a bar chart illustrates a maximum shear ratio and a blood collection rate ratio for the 20 blood collection device compared to the best-in-class prior art blood collection device, namely the VACUTAINER 21G BD® ULTRATOUCH™ push-button blood collection set (referred to as the 21G UT w BC Set or UT). The results are illustrated for the 20 blood collection device having D equal to 0.06 cm (0.024 in) and 0.04 cm (0.017 in).The results are illustrated for blood collection device 20 which has L equal to 2.54 cm (1 inch), 4 cm (1.6 inches) and 3.6 cm (1.44 inches). In some embodiments, with the 24G peripheral intravenous catheter 54, the L of the fluid path 36 can be significantly reduced to 3.6 cm (1.44 in) if the D of the fluid path 36 is reduced to 0.04 cm (0.017 in), which may be only slightly larger than the minimum inside diameter of a tip of the 54 peripheral intravenous catheter. In some embodiments, provided that D is larger than the minimum inside diameter of the tip and D4 / L is kept at 1E-6 cm3 (5.8e-8 cubic in), the maximum shear stress in blood withdrawal with the 24G peripheral intravenous catheter 54 will coincide with that of UT. Similarly, in some embodiments, with the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 that is 22G-18G (inclusive), the length of the fluid pathway 36 can be significantly reduced to 4 cm (1.6 in) to match the maximum shear stress of UT. However, in some embodiments, a blood draw rate is only 1 / 3 of UT, as illustrated in Figure 4B.With reference now to Figure 4C, a bar chart illustrates a maximum shear ratio and a blood collection rate ratio for the 20 blood collection device compared to the best-in-class prior art blood collection device, namely the VACUTAINER 21G BD® ULTRATOUCH™ push-button blood collection set (referred to as 21G UT w BC Set or UT). The results are illustrated for the 20 blood collection device having D equal to 0.06 cm (0.024 in), 0.04 cm (0.017 in), 0.09 cm (0.036 in), 0.07 cm (0.029 in), and 0.05 cm (0.023 in). The results are illustrated for blood collection device 20 having L equal to 2.54 cm (1 in), 3.6 cm (1.44 in), 7.4 cm (2.92 in), 5.7 cm (2.25 in), and 4.4 cm (1.73 in). In some embodiments, different geometries of blood collection device 20 can be used for different gauges of ΜΛ / a / ZUZ J / UUl 003 catheter. In some embodiments, the limiting factor in the blood draw rate when matching the maximum shear stress with UT is a smaller inner diameter in the peripheral intravenous catheter system, which may be the minimum inner diameter of the peripheral intravenous catheter tip 54. For the peripheral intravenous catheter 54 that is 20G or 18G, the blood draw rate can be increased by increasing D of the fluid pathway 36. In some embodiments, the blood draw rate can be increased by increasing D so that it is larger than the smallest inner diameter in the peripheral intravenous catheter system. In some embodiments, the maximum shear stress can be reduced to equal or less than that of UT by increasing L while keeping D4 / L below a predetermined or critical value.In some embodiments, with the 54 peripheral intravenous catheter which is 22G, by reducing D to be just larger than the minimum inside diameter of the tip, L can be reduced from 5 cm (2 inches) to 4.4 cm (1.73 inches) when matching the maximum UT shear. In some embodiments, a manufacturing method for the peripheral intravenous catheter system may include selecting a target maximum shear stress, such as that of UT. In some embodiments, the method may include reducing a current maximum shear stress of the peripheral intravenous catheter system by increasing L while maintaining D4 / L to be equal to or less than the predetermined value. All examples and conditional language listed herein are for pedagogical purposes to assist the reader in understanding this disclosure and the concepts contributed by the inventor to further the technique, and should be interpreted without limitation to the specific examples and conditions listed. Although embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A peripheral intravenous catheter system for reducing the risk of hemolysis, comprising: a peripheral intravenous catheter; a female luer adapter coupled to the peripheral intravenous catheter; a blood collection device, comprising: a distal end, comprising a male luer adapter coupled to the female luer adapter, the male luer adapter comprising a distal opening; a cannula in fluid communication with the male luer adapter, wherein the cannula comprises a distal end and a tapered proximal tip; an elongated neck disposed between the male luer adapter and the tapered proximal tip; and a fluid pathway extending from the distal opening through the tapered proximal tip.

2. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the peripheral intravenous catheter is 22G-18G, wherein the total length of the fluid pathway is 5 cm (2 inches).

3. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the peripheral intravenous catheter is 24G, wherein the total length of the fluid pathway is 13.7 cm (5.4 inches).

4. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein a fluid path diameter is constant, wherein the fluid path diameter is greater than the minimum inside diameter of the peripheral intravenous catheter, wherein a gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter is 24G, wherein a full length of the fluid path is represented by L, wherein the fluid path diameter is represented by D, wherein D4 / L is equal to or less than 1 E-6 cm3 (5.8E-08 cubic inches).

5. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein a fluid path diameter is constant, wherein the fluid path diameter is greater than the minimum inside diameter of the peripheral intravenous catheter, wherein a gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter is 22G, wherein a full length of the fluid path is represented by L, wherein the fluid path diameter is represented by D, wherein D4 / L is equal to or less than 3E-6 cm3 (1.6E-07 cubic inches).

6. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein a fluid path diameter is constant, wherein the fluid path diameter is greater than the minimum inside diameter of the peripheral intravenous catheter, wherein a gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter is 20G, wherein a full length of the fluid path is represented by L, wherein the diameter of the fluid path is represented by D, wherein D4 / L is equal to or less than 5E-6 cm3 (3.1E-07 cubic inches).

7. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein a fluid path diameter is constant, wherein the fluid path diameter is greater than the minimum inside diameter of the peripheral intravenous catheter, wherein a gauge of the peripheral intravenous catheter is 18G, wherein a full length of the fluid path is represented by L, wherein the fluid path diameter is represented by D, wherein D4 / L is equal to or less than 1E-6 cm3 (5.8E-08 cubic inches).

8. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the male luer adapter comprises a collar, wherein the outer diameter of the collar is greater than the outer diameter of the elongated neck.

9. The catheter system of claim 8, wherein the blood collection device further comprises a holder configured to receive a blood collection tube, wherein the holder comprises a cylindrical body, wherein the sharp proximal tip is arranged in the center of the cylindrical body.

10. The catheter system of claim 9, wherein an outer diameter of the support is greater than the outer diameter of the elongated neck, wherein the elongated neck is disposed between the support and the collar.

11. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the distal end of the cannula is integrated within the elongated neck.

12. The catheter system of claim 1, wherein the blood collection device further comprises another female luer adapter disposed at a proximal end of the elongated neck, wherein the distal end of the support comprises another male luer adapter, wherein the other female luer adapter is coupled to the other male luer adapter.

13. A blood collection device for reducing the risk of hemolysis in a peripheral intravenous catheter system, the blood collection device comprising: a distal end comprising a male luer adapter, wherein the male luer adapter comprises a distal opening; a cannula in fluid communication with the male luer adapter, wherein the cannula comprises a distal end and a tapered proximal tip; an elongated neck disposed between the male luer adapter and the tapered proximal tip; and a fluid pathway extending from the distal opening through the tapered proximal tip, wherein the diameter of the fluid pathway is constant.

14. The blood extraction device of claim 13, wherein the total length of the fluid pathway is between 5 cm (2 inches) and 13.7 cm (5.4 inches), inclusive.

15. The blood extraction device of claim 13, wherein a full length of the fluid pathway is represented by L, wherein the diameter of the fluid pathway is represented by D, wherein D4 / L is equal to or less than a predetermined value.

16. The blood collection device of claim 15, wherein the blood collection device has a specific caliber or is configured for use with a specific caliber of a catheter, wherein D is greater than or equal to an inside diameter of the catheter.

17. The blood collection device of claim 16, wherein the blood collection device further comprises a holder configured to receive a blood collection tube, wherein the holder comprises a cylindrical body, wherein the sharp proximal tip is arranged in the center of the cylindrical body.

18. The blood extraction device of claim 17, wherein an outer diameter of the support is greater than the outer diameter of the elongated neck, wherein the elongated neck is disposed between the support and the collar.

19. The blood extraction device of claim 17, wherein the distal end of the cannula is integrated within the elongated neck.

20. The blood collection device of claim 13, wherein the blood collection device further comprises another female luer adapter disposed at a proximal end of the elongated neck, wherein the distal end of the support comprises another male luer adapter, wherein the other female luer adapter is coupled to the other male luer adapter.

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