STABLE LIQUID COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR USING THEM

Abstract

The present invention relates to a liquid pesticide formulation comprising: a) halosulfuron-methyl; b) one or more diluents, wherein the diluent(s) is a liquid comprising: i) a first carbon structure of at least six carbon atoms, the first carbon structure being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl; ii) optionally one or more glyceryl, carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl groups in the first carbon structure; wherein if the first carbon structure of the diluent comprises a hydroxyl group or groups, the hydroxyl group or groups are adjacent to carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl groups;c) optionally one or more surfactants, wherein the one or more surfactants comprise: i) a second carbon backbone of at least six carbon atoms, wherein the second carbon backbone is a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl or heteroalkyl; ii) optionally one or more glyceryl, carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl groups on the second carbon backbone; d) wherein if the second carbon backbone of the surfactant comprises a hydroxyl group or groups, the hydroxyl group or groups are adjacent to carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl groups; one or more rheology modifiers; and e) optionally one or more buffers; wherein the liquid pesticide formulation exhibits 5% (w / w) or less loss of halosulfuron-methyl over storage for 8 weeks at 40°C as measured using quantitative chromatography.

Description

Field Liquid pesticide compositions with improved stability and methods for using them are provided. Background Liquid compositions are desirable because they facilitate simple volumetric measurement and transfer. This advantage can be realized for liquid intermediates in the process or for final liquid compositions. Liquid compositions can be single-phase or multi-phase, including emulsions, suspensions, solutions, etc. Common ingredients in liquid compositions contain hydroxy functionality in the form of diluents, solvents, surfactants, and / or rheology modifiers, etc. These common ingredients, which contain hydroxy functionality, include water, alcohols, glycols, alkoxylated surfactants, etc. Certain pesticides are known to be chemically unstable. These pesticides exhibit unacceptable losses in stored liquid compositions. A chemically unstable pesticide typically has a relative loss greater than 5% (w / w) of that pesticide after storing the liquid composition for 8 weeks at 40°C (measured using quantitative chromatography, such as HPLC). Chemically unstable liquid compositions are usually not commercially successful because they are typically stored at 40°C or higher. The most common formulations for chemically unstable pesticides are solid formulations, such as water-dispersible powder (WP), water-soluble powder (SP), water-dispersible granule (WG), water-soluble granule (SG), or ready-to-use diffusion granule (G). These formulations aim to avoid or minimize contact between the liquid base of the pesticide and ingredients commonly used in liquid formulations, thereby maximizing the pesticide's chemical stability. The existence of commercially successful solid formulations for chemically unstable pesticides implies that liquid formulations do not have acceptable storage stability. US Publication No. 2011 / 0166023 discloses a herbicide composition comprising: a) at least one ALS-inhibiting herbicide; b) at least one HPPD-inhibiting herbicide; and c) at least one saturated or unsaturated fatty acid. The publication states that the use of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid can chemically stabilize a herbicide composition comprising at least one sulfonylurea herbicide and at least one HPPD-inhibiting herbicide. However, although the use of certain fatty acids showed improved stability for several HPPD-inhibiting herbicides, almost every sulfonylurea herbicide tested had unacceptable storage stability (over 5% (w / w) relative loss after storage for 47 days at 40°C). There is a need for stable liquid pesticide compositions (e.g., herbicides), particularly sulfonylurea herbicides, that exhibit less than 5% (w / w) relative herbicide loss MA / a / zuzi / uuyyM active on storage of at least 47 days at 40 °C. Brief description of various aspects of disclosure Liquid pesticide compositions and methods for making and using them are provided. The liquid pesticide composition comprises a) halosulfuron-methyl; b) one or more diluents, wherein the diluent(s) are liquids comprising: i) a first carbon backbone of at least six carbon atoms optionally including one or more heteroatoms, the first carbon backbone being linear, branched, cyclic, or aromatic; ii) optionally one or more glyceryl, carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl groups in the first carbon backbone, wherein the organic diluent(s) lack hydroxyl group(s) in the first carbon backbone unless they are part of the optional carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl group(s);c) optionally, one or more surfactants, wherein the one or more surfactants comprise: i) a second carbon backbone of at least six carbon atoms, optionally including one or more heteroatoms, wherein the second carbon backbone is linear, branched, cyclic, or aromatic; ii) optionally one or more glyceryl, carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl groups in the second carbon backbone, wherein the surfactant(s) lack hydroxyl group(s) in the second carbon backbone unless they are part of the optional phenyl, carbonyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl group(s); d) optionally, one or more rheology modifiers; e) optionally one or more buffering agents; wherein the liquid pesticide composition exhibits 5% (w / w) or less loss of halosulfuron-methyl upon storage for 8 weeks at 40°C as measured using quantitative chromatography. The liquid pesticide composition may include 0.01–40% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 40–95% (w / w) of one or more diluents, 0–20% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, and 0–10% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers. Alternatively, the liquid pesticide composition may include 5–30% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 40–90% (w / w) of one or more diluents, 5–10% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, and 0–5% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers. In another form, the liquid pesticide composition may include 20-30% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 40-82% (w / w) of one or more diluents, 5-10% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, and 3-8% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers. In addition to halosulfuron-methyl, the liquid pesticide composition may include one or more chemically stable pesticides, including benzobicyclon, dicamba, and / or prosulfuron. In one embodiment, the rheology modifier may comprise silica. In one embodiment, the surfactant is selected from oleic, caprylic, decanedioic, or linolenic acid, or a salt thereof. The surfactant may also be selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or aluminum salts of the acid, or a mixture of one or more of the above salts and the acid. In one embodiment, the surfactant comprises at least one glyceryl group. The surfactant may be selected from glyceryl tricaprylate, glyceryl trioleate, glyceryl tristearate, glyceryl dilinoleate / monostearate, or mixtures thereof. The glyceryl group may include a carbonyl salt. MA / a / zuzi / uu»yo4 sulfonyl or phosphonyl, in which case any OH group associated with the carbonyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl would not lead to degradation. However, an OH group associated with the glyceryl portion itself, such as in the case of a mono- or diglyceride, would lead to instability. In one embodiment, the surfactant may comprise a sulfonyl group. The surfactant may be selected from mono / dioleyl sulfate, lauryl sulfate, dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oleyl sulfonate, a polymer of 2-propenoic acid butyl ester with ethenyl acetate and ethenyl sulfonate, or a salt thereof. The surfactant may also be a sulfate or sulfonate salt selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or aluminum salts, or a mixture of one or more of the foregoing salts and the acid form of the sulfate or sulfonate. In one embodiment, the surfactant may comprise at least one phosphonyl group. The surfactant may be a phosphate or phosphonate selected from mono / dioleyl phosphonate, lauryl phosphonate, dodecylbenzene phosphonate, oleyl phosphonate, 2-propenoic acid butyl ester polymer with ethenyl acetate and ethenephosphonate, and salts thereof. The surfactant may also be a salt of the phosphate or phosphonate selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or aluminum salts, or a mixture of one or more of the foregoing salts and the acid form of the phosphate or phosphonate. In one particular embodiment, the liquid pesticide composition may comprise 0.01-40% (w / w) of halosulfuron-methyl; 40-95% (w / w) of one or more diluents; 0-20% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, wherein the surfactant is selected from sodium oleate, C1016 monoalkyl esters, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, monobasic potassium phosphate / dibasic potassium phosphate, phosphate ester, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, acrylate-styrene copolymer salt, or PEG-tertiary monoamine trimerate, or mixtures thereof; and 0-10% (w / w) of rheology modifier. In one particular embodiment, the liquid pesticide composition may comprise 20-30% (w / w) of halosulfuron-methyl; 40-82% (w / w) of one or more diluents; 5-10% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, wherein the surfactant is selected from sodium oleate, C1016 monoalkyl esters, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, monobasic potassium phosphate / dibasic potassium phosphate, phosphate ester, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, acrylate-styrene copolymer salt, PEG-tertiary monoamine trimerate, or mixtures thereof; and 3-8% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers. Methods for controlling pest(s) in a field, garden, lawn, agricultural crop, non-crop area, or ornamental area are also provided. In one aspect, the method comprises applying any of the liquid pesticide compositions described herein to the field, garden, lawn, agricultural crop, non-crop area, or ornamental area. In one aspect, the crop field may be selected from a field of corn, a field of corn cultivated for planting, grain sorghum (milo), rice, sugarcane, fallow land, cotton, or dry beans, or combinations thereof. In a particular aspect, the liquid composition of the pesticide includes halosulfuron-methyl and the plants can include selected undesirable vegetation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)', lagunilla (Alternanthera philoxeroides); quintanil tropical (Amaranthus palmeri); atacú of Peru (Amaranth mas.zuz spinosus); tupinambo (Helianthus tuberosas); toothed meal (Echinochloa crusgalli); beggar's grass (Desmodium tortuosum); correhuela mayor (Calystegia septum); correhuela (Convolvulus arvensis); correhuela de seto (Calystegia sepium); alforfon (Polygonum convolvulus); nightshade of the buffalo (Solanum rostratum); pepper (Sicyos angulatus); buttercup (Ranunculus sardous); Montevideo saeta (Sagittaría montevidensis); alfombra (Mollugo verticillata); manzanilla hedionda (Anthemis cotula); perifollo (Anthriscus scandicína); capiquí (Stellaria media); mouse ear (Cerastium vulgatum); white trébol (Trifolium repens); common burdock (Xanthium strumarium);copperleaf hornbeam (Acalypha ostryifolia); esparcilla (Spergula arvensis); tomatillo (Physalis angulata); dandelion (Taraxacum officinale); cantillo (Commelina erecta); cantillo, spread (Commelina diffusa); purple dead nettle (Lamium purpureum); devil's claw (Proboscidea louisianica); harpagophyte (Apocynum cannabinum); water lilac (Heteranthera limosa); early barnyard grass (Echinochloa oryzoides); eclipta (Ecilpta prostrata); cutleaf evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata); forget-me-not intermedia (Amsinckia intermedia); marimonia (Erigeron philadelphicus); hagia sophia herb (Descurainia Sophia); louse (Galinsoga spp.); galinsoga (Galinsoga); hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga quadriradiata); wild garlic (Allium vineale); golden verbesina (Verbesina encelioides); California lambsquarters (Chenopodium californicum); Gromwell's corn (Lithospermum arvense); common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris); henbit (Lamium amplexicaule); horse nettle (Solanum carolinense);horsetail (Equisetum arvense); Canada urchin (Conyza canadensis); Canada Erigeron (Erigeron canadensis); stramonium (Datura stramonium); jointvetch of Virginia (Aeschynomene virginica); sanguinaria (Polygonum aviculare); kochia (Kochia scoparia); annual shrub (Kyllinga sesquiflorus); green sapling (Kyllinga breviflora); persicaria (Polygonum persicaria); quince (Chenopodium album); early corral grass (Echinochloa phyllopogon); miner's lettuce (Claytonia perfoliata); wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola); common mallow (Malva neglecta); Venetian mauve (Hibiscus trionum); mauve of Venice; poisonous chamomile (Anthemis cotula); common cottontail (Asclepias syriaca); vine cottontail (Ampelamus albidus); monochoria (Monochoria spp); ivy leaf bell (Ipomoea hederacea); white bellflower (Ipomoea lacunosa); small flower bell (Jacquemontia tamnifolia); bluebell (Ipomoea spp.); bluebell of Mexico (Ipomoea purpurea);blue mustard (Chorispora tenella); Jim Hill mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum); wild mustard (Sinapis arevensis); solanum (Solanum spp.); purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus); yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus); passionflower (Passiflora incarnata); field mustard (Thlaspi arvense); field mustard (Lepidium campestre); duckweed (Lepidium virginicum); pigweed (Amarunthus retrofiexus); hybrid amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus); tumbleweed (Amaranthus hybridus); discoid matricaria (Matricaria discoidea); broadleaf plantain (Plantago major); pokeweed (Phytolacca americana); puncturevine (Tibulus terrestris); common purslane (Portulaca oleracea); common purslane (Portulaca oleracea); horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum); white swallow (Richardia scabra); wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum); common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia); giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida); spiked red stem (Ammania auriculata); tiger nut (Scirpus mucronatas); river hemp (Sesbania exaltata);sharp-leaved fluellin* (Kickxia elatíne); shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris); skunk wood (Cassia obtusifolia); hard broom (Sida spinosa); water sedge (Cyperus difformis); climbing polygon (Polygonum spp.); water pepper (Polyfonum pennsylvanicum); lockfish (Sonchus oleraceas); feather feather (Leptochloa fascicularis); sunflower (Helianthus annuus); wild sunflower (Helianthus spp.); tansy mustard (Descurainia pinnata); caperonia (Caperonia palustris); thistle thistle (Cirsium arvense); Russian thistle (Salsola ibérica); Chinese jute (Abutilan theophrasti); hairy wallflower (Erysimum repandum); water hyssop (Bacopa. spp); common amaranth (Amaranthus rudis); rough-fruited amaranth (Amaranthus tuberculatus); amaranth (Amaranthus spp); common fringed willow (Epilobium ciliatum); fringed willow (Epilobium ciliatum); marsh caterpillar (Roríppa sylvestris), or combinations thereof.; Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 shows test data for two inventive compositions and a commercial herbicide for the control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Detailed description of various aspects of the disclosure The present inventors have found that halosulfuron-methyl can be made more stable in liquid compositions by formulating these pesticides with particular diluents and / or surfactants. The liquid compositions generally comprise halosulfuron-methyl and at least one diluent, and optionally at least one surfactant and / or rheology modifier. The diluent, surfactant, and rheology modifier are generally inert ingredients. However, the inventors have found that the presence of certain types of hydroxyl groups in these components leads to unstable compositions. The compositions described herein lose less than 5% (w / w) of halosulfuron-methyl after being stored for 8 weeks at 40°C in a sealed container. The compositions can be applied to any desired environment, such as fields, gardens, lawns, agricultural crops, non-crop areas, or ornamentals. The presence of certain hydroxyl groups leads to instability in halosulfuron-methyl pesticide compositions. However, this instability does not result from the presence of OH components that are acidic due to adjacent electron-withdrawing groups (e.g., carbonyl, sulfonyl, phosphonyl), or groups where the negative charge is spread over a large volume of the group (e.g., phenyl). Instead, particular OH groups with a pKa above 13 have been found to lead to instability when present in a halosulfuron-methyl composition. In the case of surfactants, where the OH group resembles ethanol (pKa = 16), such as an OH found on a hydrocarbon chain or at any position on a fatty acid except the carbonyl group, instability has been observed.Thus, stability can be predicted by the lack of OH groups in a surfactant compound that has an estimated pKa (from tables) of more than 13. As used herein, pKa can be estimated by observing standard charts that show estimated pKa values ​​for specific OH groups, such as the following table: Table 1 Group pKa Estimated Sulfuric Strong Acid Carboxylic 4 Phosphoric 2.2, 7.2, 12.4 Phenol 10 Glycerol 14.4 Alkanol 15-18 The following surfactant compounds include the type of alcohol or hydroxyl group that the inventors have found leads to instability in halosulfuronmethyl pesticide compositions: Table 2: Compounds that lead to instability Compound name Formula Ricinoleic acid 0 OH 3-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid OH HO2C, Á ......... ... Polyglycerol-10 distearate Alcohol ethoxylate CH3-[CH2]y-[OCH2CH2]x-OH Nonylphenol ethoxylate CgH1g | XOH n Poli(ox¡-1,2-etanodiil), a-[3-[1,3,3,3tetrametill -[(trimetilsi I i I )oxi]-1 d¡siloxan¡l]prop¡l]-ω-h¡droxi lo ch3 ch3 ch3 Si -0- Si -O- Si-CH3 ch3 1 ch3 ch2 ch2 ch2 O - [CH2 - CH2 - O]y - OH Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate ho^o: n Each of the above compounds includes a hydroxyl group present in a carbon chain that suggests a pKa comparable to that of ethanol. The inventors have observed that such compounds, whether used as a surfactant on their own, or present as an impurity or other component in a surfactant or other component of the composition, lead to instability in a halosulfuron-methyl composition containing such compound or compounds. The following table shows seven compositions where the amount of halosulfuron-methyl lost was greater than 5% of the pesticide after storing the liquid composition for 8 weeks at 40°C in a sealed container. Table 3: Unstable Halosulfuron-Methyl Compositions Diluent (Liquid) Surfactant RM Halosulfuron-Methyl (99% purity) RADIA 7118 (>95% methyl laurate) Stepan 108 (>90% caprylic / capric triglyceride) Caprol PGE 860 (1,2,3-Propanetriol, homopolymer, (9Z)-9-octadecenoate) PEG 8000 (Polyethylene glycol) Polyaldo 3-1-S (Polyglyceryl-3 stearate) Silwet L-77 (siloxane alkylene oxide copolymer, >50% methyl terminated) SOPROPHOR® TSP 724 (polyarylphenol alkoxylate, >99%) STEPFAC 8181 Hypermer B210 (ABA block copolymer) Altox Metasperse 550 S-PW(WD) Cirrasol G 1086 NV-LQ-AP (polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitol hexanoleate) Hi-Sil T600 (silica, amorphous) 1 13.6 86.4 2 12.5 87.5 3 15.0 85.0 4 5.0 90.0 5.0 5 5.0 90.0 5.0 6* 20.0 69.0 5.0 2.0 4.0 7 20.0 69.0 2.0 5.0 4.0 *This composition was not tested for the full eight weeks due to physical instability. “RM” stands for rheology modifier. To test stability, the compositions were sealed in a container and stored for 8 weeks at 40 °C. The relative percentage loss of halosulfuron-methyl was calculated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Samples were extracted with solvents and then analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC equipped with a UV detector. The detector response is expressed as peak areas (mAu*s). The peak areas were correlated with the percentage of active ingredients using a standard calibration curve. The percentage of pesticide was calculated using the calibration curve. Chemically stable compositions were those that had less than 5% (w / w) relative loss of halosulfuron-methyl after 8 weeks of storage at 40 °C. The seven compositions (described above) that failed can be described as follows: (1) contains unacceptable hydroxy alcohol; (2) contains unacceptable hydroxy endings from polyethylene glycol synthesis; (3) contains unacceptable hydroxy alcohol; (4) contains CAS# 67674-67-3 (Silwet L-77) with unacceptable hydroxy functionality; (5) contains unacceptable hydroxy endings from the alkoxylate; (6) contains unacceptable hydroxy endings from polyethylene glycol synthesis; and (7) contains unacceptable hydroxy endings from polyethylene glycol synthesis. The inventive compositions described herein are free of such alcohols in any of the components, particularly the surfactant, where such alcohols are a common feature or are present as a result of the manufacturing process or incomplete purification.These alcohol-containing compounds need to be removed or avoided in order to achieve a stable halosulfuron-methyl composition. The present inventors have found that molecules containing instability-producing OH groups, even if present in small amounts, can destabilize the entire composition. For example, the composition Silwet L-77 (siloxane-polyalkylene oxide copolymer, >50% methyl-terminated) leads to instability. In theory, methyl-terminated siloxanes should not contain instability-producing OH groups. However, the inventors have found that methyl-terminated siloxanes contain some OH-terminated siloxane molecules. Even if present in small amounts, the OH-terminated siloxanes result in instability of the overall composition. Instability-producing OH groups lead to instability regardless of whether they are a minor component in a much larger molecule. For example, inventors have observed instability in polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG8000) even when the full 8000 MW polymer contains only one instability-producing OH group. Furthermore, PEG and polypropylene glycol (PPG) are known impurities in many compounds, such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEs). See Lee et al., “Quantification of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) and Poly(Propylene Glycol) in Alkoxylated Surfactants.” Accordingly, it is important to ensure that these OH groups are not present as part of an impurity molecule. The liquid compositions described herein comprise halosulfuron-methyl (CAS 100784-20-1) either alone or in combination with another pesticide, such as a combination of halosulfuron-methyl and benzobicyclon (CAS 156963-66-5). Other pesticides, such as prosulfuron (CAS 94125-34-5) or dicamba (CAS 1918-00-9), may be used in combination with halosulfuron-methyl. The halosulfuron-methyl comprises at least 0.01%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, or 40% (w / w) by weight of the total weight of the composition. In other respects, the chemically unstable pesticide is less than 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, or 10% (w / w) by weight of the total weight of the composition. The liquid compositions described herein comprise one or more diluents. A diluent is a liquid that contributes to dissolving or suspending the active ingredient halosulfuron-methyl in a general liquid herbicide composition. The diluent may optionally have a functional group that provides surfactant or other desired properties. Alternatively, the diluent may simply be a liquid capable of dissolving or carrying the halosulfuron-methyl. As with other components of the invention, the diluent must be free of hydroxyl groups except those associated with an electron-dense or electron-withdrawing functional group, such as a carbonyl, sulfonyl, phosphonyl, or phenyl group. Therefore, the diluent may comprise at least one of the following: alkyl carboxylic acids, alkyl carboxylate salts, alkenyl carboxylic acids, alkenyl carboxylate salts, aryl carboxylic acids, aryl carboxylate salts, alkyl sulfuric acids,alkyl sulfate salts, alkenyl sulfuric acids, alkenyl sulfate salts, aryl sulfuric acids, aryl sulfate salts, alkyl sulfonic acids, alkyl sulfonate salts, alkenyl sulfonic acids, alkenyl sulfonate salts, aryl sulfonic acids, aryl sulfonate salts, alkyl phosphate ester with free acids, alkyl phosphate ester with salts, alkenyl phosphate ester with free acids, alkenyl phosphate ester with salts, aryl phosphate ester with free acids, aryl phosphate ester with salts, alkyl phosphonate ester with free acids, alkyl phosphonate ester with salts, alkenyl phosphonate ester with free acids, alkenyl phosphonate ester with salts, aryl phosphonate ester with free acids, aryl phosphonate ester with salts, or a mixture thereof. In particular, the diluent is oleic acid, oleic salt, sodium oleate, lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, lignosulfonate acid, lignosulfonate salt, calcium lignosulfonate,Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate salt in methyl oleate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, phosphate ester, ethoxylated phosphate ester, methyl ester, triglyceride, or a mixture thereof. The diluent comprises at least 35%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 97% (w / w) by weight of the total weight of the composition. The liquid compositions described herein may include one or more surfactants. The surfactant may be, as described above, either a diluent or a surfactant. In that case, the surfactant must be a liquid. Alternatively, the surfactant may be a solid surfactant that can be added to the liquid diluent. In general, a surfactant will have a nonpolar group and a polar (often ionic) group. The surfactant allows the overall composition to be more easily dispersed in water at the point of use. As with other components of the invention, the surfactant must be free of hydroxyl groups except those associated with an electron-withdrawing functional group, such as a carbonyl, sulfonyl, phosphonyl, or phenyl group. In other respects, the surfactant comprises at least one of the following: alkyl carboxylic acids, alkyl carboxylate salts, alkenyl carboxylic acids, alkenyl carboxylate salts, aryl carboxylic acids,aryl carboxylate salts, alkyl sulfuric acids, alkyl sulfate salts, alkenyl sulfuric acids, alkenyl sulfate salts, aryl sulfuric acids, aryl sulfate salts, alkyl sulfonic acids, alkyl sulfonate salts, alkenyl sulfonic acids, alkenyl sulfonate salts, aryl sulfonic acids, aryl sulfonate salts, alkyl phosphate ester with free acids, alkyl phosphate ester with salts, alkenyl phosphate ester with free acids, alkenyl phosphate ester with salts, aryl phosphate ester with free acids, aryl phosphate ester with salts, alkyl phosphonate ester with free acids, alkyl phosphonate ester with salts, alkenyl phosphonate ester with free acids, alkenyl phosphonate ester with salts, aryl phosphonate ester with free acids, aryl phosphonate ester with salts, or a mixture of the same. In particular, the surfactant is oleic acid, oleic salt, sodium oleate, lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, lignosulfonate acid,lignosulfonate salt, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate salt in methyl oleate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, phosphate ester, ethoxylated phosphate ester, tertiary monoamine trimerate (PEG), or a mixture thereof. The surfactant comprises at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, or 10%, MA / a / zuzi / uuyyo^ (w / w) by weight of the total weight of the composition. In other respects, the surfactant is less than 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5% (w / w) by weight of the total weight of the composition. In any of the inert ingredients described herein (e.g., diluent, surfactant) where the ingredient is a salt, the cation may be sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and / or aluminum. In one respect, the compositions described herein may comprise at least one organic C1-C12 or inorganic lithium salt having a molecular weight of 250 or less. In other respects, the compositions described herein may comprise lithium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium formate, lithium sulfate, lithium citrate, lithium octanoate, lithium salicylate, lithium benzoate, and / or lithium chloride. Alternatively, the compositions described herein do not comprise lithium salts, such as lithium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium formate, lithium sulfate, lithium citrate, lithium octanoate, lithium salicylate, lithium benzoate, and / or lithium chloride. The liquid compositions described herein may include one or more rheology modifiers. In one aspect, the rheology modifier according to the present invention lacks hydroxyl groups and has a pKa above 13, tested in water at 25°C. In particular, the rheology modifier is silica, silicate, or precipitated silica. The rheology modifier comprises at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, or 10% (w / w) by weight of the total weight of the composition. In other aspects, the rheology modifier is less than 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5% (w / w) by weight of the total weight of the composition. Methods for preparing the compositions described herein are provided. The methods generally comprise mixing the pesticide with at least one or more inert ingredients (e.g., diluent, surfactant, and / or rheology modifier). For single-phase liquid compositions, the ingredients are mixed to ensure complete solubilization. For multi-phase liquid compositions, sufficient energy is applied to the ingredients, the liquid composition, or both, to achieve an average droplet size or particle size of less than 50 microns, or more preferably less than 20 microns, or very preferably less than 10 microns. The final liquid composition is achieved by mixing until homogeneous. The pesticide compositions of the present invention are either (1) undiluted at the point of use (ready-to-use composition), or (2) diluted at the point of use and used immediately (concentrated composition). Typical dilution ratios in water before use range from 50:1 to 500:1. Halosulfuron-methyl is particularly susceptible to degradation in water and cannot be stored for a significant period of time. The pesticide compositions of the invention could be an intermediate or a manufacturing use product, used to formulate other pesticide compositions. Methods for using the compositions described herein are provided. For example, the compositions described herein may be applied (e.g., by spraying, diffusion) to an area in need of the pesticide, such as a field, garden, lawn, agricultural crops (e.g., corn, rice), non-crop areas, or ornamental plants. For example, compositions (e.g., comprising halosulfuron-methyl) can be applied before or after emergence to control undesirable vegetation, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa); chickweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides); tropical amaranth (Amaranthus palmen); Peruvian amaranth (Amaranth spinosus); Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosa); dentgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli); beggar's weed (Desmodium tortuosum); field bindweed (Calystegia sepium); field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis); hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium); buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus); buffalo nightshade (Solanum rostratum);roasted cucumber (Sicyos angulatus); hairy buttercup (Ranunculus sardous); saeta of Montevideo (Sagittaria montevidensis); carpet (Mollugo verticillata); poisonous chamomile (Anthemis cotula); perifold (Anthriscus scandicina); capiqui (Stellaria media); mouse ear (Cerastium vulgatum); white clover (Trifolium repens); common burdock (Xanthium strumarium); copperleaf carp (Acalypha ostryifolia); asparagus (Spergula arvensis); tomato (Physalis angulata); dandelion (Taraxacum officinale); cantilever (Commelina erect); cantilever, propagation (Commelina diffusa); purpure dead nettle (Lamium purpureum); devil's claw (Proboscidea louisianica); harpagophyte (Apocynum cannabinum); water lily (Heteranthera limosa); early corral grass (Echinochloa oryzoides); eclipta (Ecylpta prostrate); cut-leaf onagra (Oenothera laciniata); nomeolvides intermedia (Amsinckia intermedia); marimonia (Erigeron philadelphicus); holy grass (Descurainia Sophia);piojo (Galinsoga spp.); galinsoga (Galinsoga); galinsoga quadriradiata; wild garlic (Allium vineale); golden verbesina (Verbesina encelioides); cenizo (Chenopodium californicum); Gromwell's corn (Lithospermum arvense); common ground-seed (Senecio vulgaris); henbit (Lamium amplexicaule); horse nettle (Solanum carolinense); horsetail (Equisetum arvense); Canadian egret (Conyza canadensis); Canadian egret (Erigeron canadensis); estramonium (Datura stramonium); Virginia jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica); bloodroot (Polygonum aviculare); kochia (Kochia scoparia); juncia anual (Kyllinga sesquiflorus); green juncia (Kyllinga breviflora); persicaria (Polygonum persicaria); quinhuilla (Chenopodium album); wild corral grass (Echinochloa phyllopogon); lechuga del minero (Claytonia perfoliata); wild lechuga (Lactuca serriola); common mallow (Malva neglecta); Venetian mallow (Hibiscus trionum); Venetian mauve;chamomile hedionda (Anthemis cotula); common cottonmouth (Asclepias syriaca); honeysuckle cottonmouth (Ampelamus albidus); monochoria (Monochoria spp); ivy leaf bell (Ipomoea ivy); white bell (Hypomoea lacunosa); small flower bell (Jacquemontia tamnifolia); rattlesnake (Hypomoea spp.); bellflower of Mexico (Hypomoea purpurea); blue mustard (Chorispora tenella); mustard Jim HUI (Sisymbrium altissimum); wild mustard (Sinapis arevensis); solanum (Solanum spp.); purple lark (Cyperus rotundus); yellow snail (Cyperus esculentus); passion flower (Passiflora incarnata); field squirrel (Thlaspi arvense); wild mustard (Lepidium campestre); lentils (Lepidium virginicum); wheat (Amarunthus retrofiexus); quintonil (Amaranthus hybridus); quintonyl rodador (Amaranthus hybridus); gamarza (Matricaria discoidea); major tire (Plantago major); carmine grass (Phytolacca Americana); abrojo (Tibulus terrestris);purslane (Portulaca oleracea); common purslane (Portulaca oleracea); horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum); white swallow (Richardia scabra); wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum); common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia); giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida); spiked red stem (Ammania auriculata); tiger nut (Scirpus mucronata); river hemp (Sesbania exaitata); sharp-leaved fluellin* (Kickxia elatíne); shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastorís); skunk wood (Cassia obtusifolia); hard broom (Sida spinosa); water sedge (Cyperus difíormis); climbing polygon (Polygonum spp.); water pepper (Polyfonum pennsylvanicum); lockfish (Sonchus oleraceas); feather feather (Leptochloa fascicularis); sunflower (Helianthus annuus); wild sunflower (Helianthus spp.); tansy mustard (Descurainia pinnata); caperonia (Caperonia palustris); thistle thistle (Cirsium arvense); Russian thistle (Salsola ibérica); Chinese jute (Abutilan theophrasti); hairy wallflower (Erysimum repandum); water hyssop (Bacopa. spp); common amaranth (Amaranthus rudis); rough-fruited amaranth (Amaranthus tuberculatus); amaranth (Amaranthus spp); common fringed willow (Epilobium ciliatum); fringed willow (Epilobium ciliatum); marsh caterpillar (Rorippa sylvestris), or combinations thereof. Several aspects of disclosure will now be described in detail by way of example. The following descriptions of specific aspects are presented for illustrative and descriptive purposes and are not intended to be exhaustive or limit disclosure to the precise compositions disclosed. Examples 1-17 The compositions described herein lose 5% (w / w) or less of the pesticide after storage of the liquid composition for 8 weeks at 40 °C in a sealed container. Alternatively, the compositions described herein comprise at least 95% (w / w) of the pesticide after storage of the liquid composition for 8 weeks at 40 °C in a sealed container. The percentage loss is measured by quantitative chromatography, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The trade names in the following table describe specific products on the market at the time of filing this application. The following descriptions describe the contents of these commercial compositions. RADIA 7118 is 100% methyl laurate (CAS 111-82-0) STEPOSOL C-48 is methyl laurate 55%, or Stepan C-48. EMERSOL 213 is crude, distilled oleic acid. Its components include oleic acid 73%, C14-17 fatty acids 9%, linoleic acid 8%, palmitoleic acid 6%, myristoleic acid 3%, linolenic acid 1%, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 0.01-0.02%. Radia 7060 is 100% methyl oleate, C16-18 unsaturated methyl esters and C16-18. Stepan 108 is caprylic / capric triglycerides (decanoate and octanoate mixed), 90-100% purity. Stepanol ME-DRY is sulfuric acid, C10-16 monoalkyl esters, sodium salts (90-100%). Borresperse CA, calcium lignosulfonate (>92%) Stepwet 60 OE is dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS) (55-65%), methyl oleate (35-45%). KPhosphato MB / DB stands for monobasic potassium phosphate + dibasic potassium phosphate. As indicated by the asterisk in the table, this component is a buffering agent, not a surfactant. STEPFAC 8181 is a phosphate ester, n=6 of the formula: EITHER RO—(EO)n—P—OX OX Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether phosphate (90-100%); phosphoric acid (1 - < 3%); and other compounds below reportable levels (1 - < 3%). Nanocol 90G is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The components are sodium benzenesulfonate (C10-16) 90-93%; sodium sulfate 5%; sodium chloride <1%; other components below reportable levels (1 - <3%). Atlox Metasperse 550-5 PW(WD) is acrylic-styrene copolymer salt. Tertiary monoamine trimerate-PEG. Hi-Sil T600 is silica, amorphous, precipitated and gel. Table 4: Stable Compositions of Halosulfuron-methyl Active Diluent (liquid) Surfactant / Buffer RM Benzobicyclon Halosulfuron-methyl RADIA 7118 0 Steposol C-48 Emersol 213 RADIA 7060 Stepan 108 Sodium oleate Stepanol ME-DRY Borresperse CA Stepwet 60 OE KPhosphate MB / DB* STEPFAC 8181 Nanocol 90G Atlox Metasperse 550-5PW(WD) Tertiary monoamine trimerate-PEG Hi-Sil T600 1 5 95 2 5 76 19 3 5 90 5 4 5 90 5 5 5 90 5 6 5 90 5 7 5 92 3 8 19 73 5 3 9 30 56 5 3 6 10 15 85 11 5 5 90 12 5 90 5 13 20 69 5 2 4 14 30 58 4 3 5 15 25.5 5 60.5 5 4 16 20 34 34 5 2 5 17 30.4 6.1 51 7 2.5 3 “RM” stands for rheology modifier Example 18 The inventors seek to determine whether two sulfonylurea pesticides, thifensulfuron-methyl and halosulfuron-methyl, exhibit the same or different stability when formulated with the same inert ingredients. As shown in Table 3 (unstable halosulfuron-methyl compositions), composition #7, halosulfuron-methyl, was unstable. This composition was prepared again, except that halosulfuron-methyl was replaced with 98% thifensulfuron-methyl, as shown in Table 5. Table 5 Ingredient Weight Halosulfuron-methyl, 99% 20.0 Diluent 69.0 Surfactants 7.0 Rheology modifier 4.0 Total 100% The diluent(s), surfactant(s), and rheology modifier(s) were added to a suitable container and mixed. During mixing, technical powder of thifensulfuron-methyl was slowly added, resulting in a whitish, opaque, slightly viscous liquid. This composition was aged for 8 weeks at 40 °C. Thifensulfuron-methyl was found to be stable in this composition (i.e., less than 5% w / w relative loss), unlike the result obtained with halosulfuron-methyl (composition #7, Table 3). Example 19 A study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of commercial SedgeHammer® (a solid halosulfuron-methyl composition) and two liquid compositions corresponding to embodiments of the invention using components described in Table 4, for the control of Cyperus esculentus, commonly referred to as “yellow nutsedge.” The inventive compositions tested are shown in Tables 6 and 7 below: Table 6: Inventive Composition A Ingredient Technical Weight Halosulfuron-methyl 27 Diluent 60 Surfactants 10 Rheology modifier 3 Total 100% Table 7: Inventive Composition B Ingredient Technical Weight Halosulfuron-methyl 22 Diluent 66 Surfactants 7 Rheology Modifier 5 Total 100% These two compositions used components shown in Table 4 and met the criteria for stable compositions described herein. The diluent(s), surfactant(s), and modifier(s) were added to a suitable container and mixed. During mixing, the halosulfuron-methyl technical powder was added slowly, resulting in a whitish, opaque, slightly viscous liquid. The trial was conducted in California, USA, in a controlled facility using 2 ft² (0.1858 m²) microplots of established Bermuda grass (Cyperus esculentus, var. TIF 419) sod. Five seeds of Cyperus esculentus were transplanted into each of the six microplots, representing six replicates of each treatment. The seeds were allowed to mature to a stage consisting of three to six leaves before treatment application. The components of each chemical treatment were prepared as tank mixes in water and applied as a foliar spray to the microplots using a CO2-pressurized, backpack-mounted handheld sprayer. As shown in Figure 1, similar effectiveness was observed for inventive liquid compositions A and B and the commercially available solid halosulfuron-methyl composition, SedgeHammer®. Other forms and uses of the compositions described will be evident to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and methods disclosed herein. All references cited herein, including all U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications, are specifically and fully incorporated herein by reference. The specification and examples are intended to be considered illustrative only.

Claims

1. A liquid pesticide composition comprising: a) halosulfuron-methyl; b) one or more diluents, wherein the diluent(s) is a liquid comprising: i) a first carbon backbone of at least six carbon atoms optionally including one or more heteroatoms, the first carbon backbone being linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic; ii) optionally one or more glyceryl, carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl or phosphonyl groups on the first backbone, wherein the organic diluent(s) lacks a hydroxyl group(s) on the first carbon backbone unless they are part of the optional carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl or phosphonyl group(s); c) optionally, one or more surfactants, wherein one or more surfactants comprise: i) a second carbon structure of at least six carbon atoms that optionally includes one or more heteroatoms, wherein the second carbon structure is linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic;(ii) optionally one or more glyceryl, carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl groups on the second carbon structure; wherein the surfactant(s) lack hydroxyl groups on the second carbon structure unless they are part of the optional carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl group(s); (d) optionally, one or more rheology modifiers; (e) optionally, one or more buffers; wherein the liquid pesticide composition exhibits 5% (w / w) or less loss of halosulfuron-methyl upon storage for 8 weeks at 40°C as measured using quantitative chromatography.

2. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 1, wherein the first carbon structure includes from 6 to 66 carbon atoms.

3. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: 0.01-40% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 40-95% (w / w) of one or more diluents, 0-20% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, and 0-10% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers.

4. The liquid pesticide composition according to any of the preceding claims, comprising: 5-30% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 40-90% (w / w) of one or more diluents, 5-10% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, and 0-5% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers.

5. The liquid pesticide composition according to any of the preceding claims, comprising: 20-30% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 40-82% (w / w) of one or more diluents, 5-10% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, and 3-8% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers.

6. The liquid pesticide composition according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more chemically stable pesticides.

7. The liquid pesticide composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the chemically stable pesticide is Benzobicyclon.

8. The liquid pesticide composition according to any of the preceding claims,wherein the rheology modifier comprises silica.

9. The liquid pesticide composition according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the surfactant is an acid selected from oleic, caprylic, decanedioic, or linolenic acid, PEG-tertiary monoamine trimerate, or a salt thereof.

10. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 9, wherein the surfactant is an acid salt selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or aluminum salts, or a mixture of one or more of the foregoing salts and the acid.

11. The liquid pesticide composition according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one glyceryl group.

12. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 11, wherein the surfactant is selected from glycerol tricaprylate, glycerol trioleate, glycerol tristearate, glycerol dilinoleate / monostearate, or mixtures thereof. 13.The liquid pesticide composition according to any one of claim 18, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one sulfonyl group.

14. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 13, wherein the surfactant is a sulfate or sulfonate selected from mono / dioleyl sulfate, lauryl sulfate, dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oleyl sulfonate, 2-propenoic acid butyl ester polymer with ethenyl acetate and ethenesulfonate, or a salt thereof.

15. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 13, wherein the surfactant is the sulfate or sulfonate salt selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or aluminum salt, or a mixture of one or more of the foregoing salts and the acid form of the sulfate or sulfonate.

16. The liquid pesticide composition according to any of claim 18, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one phosphonyl group.

17. The liquid composition ofA pesticide according to claim 16, wherein the surfactant is a phosphate or phosphonate selected from mono / dioleyl phosphonate, lauryl phosphonate, dodecylbenzene phosphonate, oleyl phosphonate, 2-propenoic acid butyl ester polymer with ethenyl acetate and ethenylphosphonate, and salts thereof.

18. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 16, wherein the surfactant is a phosphate or phosphonate salt selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or aluminum salts, or a mixture of one or more of the foregoing salts and the acid form of the phosphate or phosphonate.

19. A liquid pesticide composition comprising: 0.01–40% (w / w) of halosulfuron-methyl; 40–95% (w / w) of one or more diluents; 0-20% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, wherein the surfactant is selected from sodium oleate, C10-16 monoalkyl esters, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, monobasic potassium phosphate / phosphate ofdibasic potassium phosphate ester, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, acrylic-styrene copolymer salt, or PEG-tertiary monoamine trimerate, or mixtures thereof; and 0-10% (w / w) of rheology modifier.

20. A liquid pesticide composition comprising: 20-30% (w / w) of halosulfuron-methyl; 40-82% (w / w) of one or more diluents; 5-10% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, wherein the surfactant is selected from sodium oleate, C10-16 monoalkyl esters, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, monobasic potassium phosphate / dibasic potassium phosphate, phosphate ester, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, acrylic-styrene copolymer salt, or PEG-tertiary monoamine trimerate, or mixtures thereof; and 3-8% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers.

21. A liquid pesticide composition comprising: a) halosulfuron-methyl; b) one or more diluents, wherein the diluent(s) is a liquid comprising: i) a firstcarbon structure of at least six carbon atoms optionally including one or more heteroatoms, the first carbon structure being linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic; (i) optionally one or more glyceryl, carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl or phosphonyl groups on the first carbon structure, wherein the organic diluent(s) lack hydroxyl group(s) on the first carbon structure unless they are part of the optional carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl or phosphonyl group(s); (c) one or more surfactants, wherein one or more surfactants comprise: (i) a second carbon structure of at least six carbon atoms optionally including one or more heteroatoms, wherein the second carbon structure is linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic; (i) optionally one or more glyceryl, carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl or phosphonyl groups on the second carbon structure, wherein the surfactant(s) lack the group(s).hydroxyl on the second carbon structure unless they are part of the optional carbonyl, phenyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl group(s); d) optionally, one or more rheology modifiers; e) optionally, one or more buffering agents; wherein the liquid pesticide composition exhibits 5% (w / w) or less loss of halosulfuronmethyl upon storage for 8 weeks at 40°C as measured using quantitative chromatography.

22. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 21, wherein the first carbon structure includes from 6 to 66 carbon atoms.

23. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 21 or 22, comprising: 0.01–40% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 50–97% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, and 0–10% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers.

24. The liquid pesticide composition according to claims 21-23, comprising: 5-30% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 65-95% (w / w) of one or more24. A liquid pesticide composition comprising: 20-30% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 67-80% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, and 0-5% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers.

25. A liquid pesticide composition according to claims 21-24, comprising: 20-30% (w / w) of one or more pesticides, 67-80% (w / w) of one or more surfactants, and 3-5% (w / w) of one or more rheology modifiers.

26. A liquid pesticide composition according to claims 21-25, further comprising one or more chemically stable pesticides.

27. A liquid pesticide composition according to claims 21-26, wherein the chemically stable pesticide is Benzobicyclon, Dicamba, or Prosulfuron.

28. A liquid pesticide composition according to claims 21-27, wherein the rheology modifier comprises silica.

29. The liquid pesticide composition according to any of claim 2128, wherein the surfactant is a selected acid from oleic, caprylic, decanedioic or linolenic acid, PEG-tertiary monoamine trimerate, or30. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 29, wherein the surfactant is a salt of the acid selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or aluminum salts, or a mixture of one or more of the foregoing salts and the acid.

31. The liquid pesticide composition according to any one of claims 21-28, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one glyceryl group.

32. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 21, wherein the surfactant is selected from glycerol tricaprylate, glycerol trioleate, glycerol tristearate, glycerol dilinoleate / monostearate, or mixtures thereof.

33. The liquid pesticide composition according to any one of claims 21-28, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one sulfonyl group.

34. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 33, wherein the surfactant is a sulfateor a sulfonate selected from mono / dioleyl sulfate, lauryl sulfate, dodecylbenzene sulfonate, oleyl sulfonate, 2-propenoic acid butyl ester polymer with ethenyl acetate and ethenesulfonate, or a salt thereof.

35. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 33, wherein the surfactant is the sulfate or sulfonate salt selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or aluminum salt, or a mixture of one or more of the foregoing salts and the acid form of the sulfate or sulfonate.

36. The liquid pesticide composition according to any one of claims 2128, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one phosphonyl group.

37. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 36, wherein the surfactant is a phosphate or phosphonate selected from mono / dioleyl phosphonate, lauryl phosphonate, dodecylbenzene phosphonate, oleyl phosphonate, 2-propenoic acid butyl ester polymer with acetate ofethenyl and ethenylphosphonate and salts thereof.

38. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 36, wherein the surfactant is a phosphate or phosphonate salt selected from sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or aluminum salts, or a mixture of one or more of the foregoing salts, and the acid form of the phosphate or phosphonate.

39. A method for controlling the pest(s) in a field, garden, lawn, agricultural crop, non-crop area, or ornamental area, comprising applying the liquid pesticide composition of any of the preceding claims to the field, garden, lawn, agricultural crop, non-crop area, or ornamental area.

40. The method for controlling the pest(s) according to claim 39, wherein the crop field is selected from a field of corn, a field of corn grown for seed, grain sorghum (milo), rice, sugarcane, fallow land, cotton, or dry beans, or combinations thereof.

41. The method for controlling pest(s) ofin accordance with claim 39, wherein the pest ors include selected undesirable vegetation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa}; lagunilla (Alternanthera philoxeroides); tropical quintonil (Amaranthus palmeri); crusgalli (Desmodium tortuosum); hedgehog (Calystegia sepium); hairy buttercup (Sagittarius montevidensis); (Trifolium repens) common burdock (Xanthium strumarium);(Spergula arvensis); tomatillo (Physalis angulata); dandelion (Taraxacum officinale); cantillo (Commelina erecta); cantillo, propagation (Commelina diffusa); purple deadnettle (Lamium purpureum); devil's claw (Proboscidea louisianica); devil's claw (Apocynum cannabinum); water lily (Heteranthera limosa); early barnyardgrass (Echinochloa oryzoides); eclipta (Ecilpta prostrata); cut-leaf evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata); forget-me-not intermedia (Amsinckia intermedia); marimonia (Erigeron philadelphicus); Sophia herb (Descurainia Sophia); galinsoga spp.; galinsoga (Galinsoga); hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga quadriradiata); wild garlic (Allium vineale); golden verbesina (Verbesina encelioides); California lamb's quarters (Chenopodium californicum); Gromwell's corn (Uthospermum arvense); common ragwort (Senecio vulgaris); henbit (Lamium amplexicaule); horsetail (Solanum carolinense); horsetail (Equisetum arvense); Canadian horsetail (Conyza canadensis);Canada Erigeron (Erigeron canadensis); stramonium (Datura stramonium); jointvetch of Virginia (Aeschynomene virginica); sanguinaria (Polygonum aviculare); kochia (Kochia scoparia); annual shrub (Kyllinga sesquiflorus); green sapling (Kyllinga breviflora); persicaria (Polygonum persicaria); quince (Chenopodium album); early corral grass (Echinochloa phyllopogon); miner's lettuce (Claytonia perfoliata); wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola); common mallow (Malva neglecta); Venetian mauve (Hibiscus trionum); mauve of Venice; poisonous chamomile (Anthemís cotula); common cottontail (Asclepias syriaca); vine cottontail (Ampelamus albidus); monochoria (Monochoria spp); ivy leaf bell (Ipomoea hederacea); white bellflower (Ipomoea lacunosa); small-flowered bellflower (Jacquemontia tamnifolia); bluebell (Ipomoea spp.); bluebell of Mexico (Ipomoea purpurea); blue mustard (Chorispora tenella); mustard Jim HUI (Sisymbrium altissimum); mustardwild (Sinapis arevensis); solanum (Solanum spp.); purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus); yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus); passionflower (Passiflora incarnata); field mustard (Thlaspi arvense); field mustard (Lepidium campestre); duckweed (Lepidium virginicum); pigweed (Amarunthus retrofiexus); hybrid amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus); tumbleweed (Amaranthus hybridus); discoid matricaria (Matricaria discoidea); broadleaf plantain (Plantago major); pockmarked herb (Phytolacca americana); puncturevine (Tibulus terrestris); purslane (Portulaca oleracea); common purslane (Portulaca oleracea); horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum); barnyardgrass (Richardia scabra); wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum); common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia); giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida); spiked red stem (Ammania auriculata); tiger nut (Scirpus mucronata); river hemp (Sesbania exaltata); sharp-leaved fluellin* (Kickxia elatine); shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris);skunk wood (Cassia obtusifolia); hard broom (Sida spinosa); water sedge (Cyperus difformís); climbing polygon (Polygonum spp.); water pepper (Polyfonum pennsylvanicum); lockjaw (Sonchus oleraceus); feather feather (Leptochloa fascicularis); sunflower (Helianthus annuus); wild sunflower (Helianthus spp.); tansy mustard (Descurainia pinnata); caperonia (Caperonia palustris); thistle thistle (Cirsium arvense); Russian thistle (Salsola ibérica); Chinese jute (Abutilan theophrasti); hairy wallflower (Erysimum repandum); water hyssop (Bacopa. spp); common amaranth (Amaranthus rudis); rough-fruited amaranth (Amaranthus tuberculatus); amaranth (Amaranthus spp.); common fringed willow (Epilobium ciliatum); fringed willow (Epilobium ciliatum); marsh caterpillar (Rorippa sylvestris), or combinations thereof.

42. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 1, wherein the glyceryl includes carbonyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl salt, and wherein the glyceryl includesOH groups are associated with the carbonyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl group(s).

43. The liquid pesticide composition according to claim 21, wherein the glyceryl includes a carbonyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl salt, and wherein the glyceryl includes OH groups are associated with the carbonyl, sulfonyl, or phosphonyl group(s).