COMPOSITIONS FOR TRANSPORT AND / OR CRYOPRESERVATION OF CELLS AND / OR TISSUES

Abstract

The present invention relates to compositions used for the transport and / or cryopreservation of cells, tissues, or organs. The transport and / or cryopreservation composition comprises at least naringenin, a buffer system, and a sugar component. In some embodiments, the cells, tissues, or organs are human hair follicles, cells derived from human hair follicles, or cells derived from urine, particularly hair follicles. In one embodiment, a transport or cryopreservation composition is described, characterized in that it comprises: a. naringenin, b. a buffer system comprising a synthetic biological buffer solution, c. a sugar component, and d. at least one of: 0.1 µg / mL to 20 µg / mL of insulin; 1 µg / mL to 20 µg / mL of transferrin, 5nM to 50 nM of sodium selenite, wherein the composition is a composition for the transport or cryopreservation of cells or tissues.

Description

COMPOSITIONS FOR TRANSPORT AND / OR CRYOPRESERVATION OF CELLS AND / OR TISSUES CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application No. 62 / 711,808 filed on July 30, 2018, entitled “COMPOSITIONS FOR TRANSPORT AND / OR CRYOPRESERVATION OF CELLS AND / OR TISSUES”, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. FIELD OF INVENTION The specification generally refers to compositions for the transport and / or cryopreservation of living cells, tissues, and organs. Specifically, the specification refers to compositions comprising naringenin, a buffer system, and a sugar component used for the transport and / or cryopreservation of human and live animal cells, tissues, and organs collected from non-invasive sources. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Many compositions currently exist for the transport and cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs. For example, the transport and storage of living cells, tissues, and organs has been carried out at hypothermic temperatures of, for example, 4–8°C in liquid compositions formulated to maintain osmotic equilibrium, minimize temperature stress, and reduce apoptosis and / or death of necrotic cells during transport. Examples of compositions used for hypothermic cell storage using the above technique include HypoThermosol®, AQIX®, and Viaspan®. While these and other compositions using the above technique have been used effectively as a storage medium for many different cell, tissue, and organ types, they are not optimized for transport, especially by mail or postal services.Transportation problems can include, but are not limited to, temperature fluctuations, exposure to extreme temperature ranges, jostling and vibration, mail, postal, and courier delivery delays, import / export delays, customs delays, and logistical issues (e.g., delivery to remote locations). Cells, tissues, and organs retrieved from non-invasive sources, such as hair follicles, hair follicle-derived cells, and urine-derived cells, are affected by these transportation problems. These problems frequently result in suboptimal cell viability, particularly after transport for periods longer than 24 hours. Often, transportation will compromise or undermine the suitability of cells, tissues, and organs for cryopreservation, transplantation, and / or therapeutic use.In particular, the prior art compositions are not intended for use with small cells and tissues, especially hair follicles. Additionally, the initial patented compositions HypothermosolMR (US005405742A and US006045990A) and AQIXMR (EP2175718B1) are provided for use as a hypothermic blood substitute to minimize hypovolemia and reperfusion injury, including uses in intravenous and extravascular infusion procedures. Cells, tissues, and organs can be transported for cryopreservation. Cryopreservation is the application of extremely low temperatures, as low as -196°C with, for example, liquid nitrogen, to store cells, tissues, and organs in a biologically inactive state for future use. In the prior art, liquid compositions that protect cells from freezing have been used to store cells, tissues, and organs at these low temperatures. Many variations of these cryopreservation compositions exist in the prior art, and they may contain antifreeze agents to protect the biological constructs of cells from damage caused by ice crystals. Furthermore, prior art cryopreservation solutions also contain components such as apoptotic regulators that help biological materials recover from thawing.Examples of prior art cryopreservation solutions include CryoStorMR, CELLBANKERMR, Syth-a-FreezeMRy mFreSRMR. Despite the ability of CryoStor®, CELLBANKER®, Syth-a-Freeze®, and mFreSR® to viably preserve cells, tissues, and organs, currently available compositions have not been optimized for the cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs retrieved from non-invasive cell sources, such as hair follicles, hair follicle-derived cells, and urine-derived cells. Currently available compositions produce suboptimal post-thaw viability, especially if the cells, tissues, and organs underwent transport for more than 24 hours by mail or postal service prior to cryopreservation. In addition to the above, the compositions used for the transport and preservation of cells, tissues, and organs in the prior art frequently contain chemically undefined serum and / or animal components as a source of critical nutrients such as lipids, vitamins, hormones, and trace elements. Risks associated with the use of chemically undefined serum and / or animal components in these compositions have been reported to include contamination by pathogens and batch variability. Furthermore, if the cells, tissues, or organs contained in these compositions are to be used in humans, an immune response or rejection may occur, rendering the cells, tissues, and organs therapeutically useless and potentially causing harm to the human recipient.Reducing the presence of clinically undefined serum and / or animal components in transport and preservation compositions is important to help maintain the therapeutic and clinical relevance of cells, tissues, and organs. Additionally, prior art transport and cryopreservation compositions commonly contain 10% (v / v) dimethyl sulfoxide (“DMSO”) as a cryoprotectant. While DMSO is an effective cryoprotectant, it is also known to be toxic to cells, tissues, and organs at these concentrations. Reducing the amount of DMSO used in transport and cryopreservation compositions can help reduce toxicity and prevent it from compromising cells, tissues, and organs. Furthermore, reducing the amount of DMSO in these compositions can help avoid undermining the suitability of these cells, tissues, and organs for transplantation and / or therapeutic use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In several respects, the embodiments refer to a composition comprising naringenin, a buffer system, and a sugar component, wherein the composition is used for the transport of cells, tissues, or organs. In some embodiments, the cells, tissues, or organs are human hair follicles, cells derived from human hair follicles, or cells derived from urine. According to some embodiments, the concentration of naringenin in the transport composition is approximately 0.01 μM to approximately 10 μM. According to other embodiments, the concentration of naringenin in the transport composition is approximately 0.01 μM to approximately 0.25 μM. According to some embodiments, the buffer system of the transport composition comprises: approximately 15 mM to approximately 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution; approximately 2 mM to approximately 20 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate; approximately 6 mM to approximately 25 mM of hydrogen phosphate; or a combination thereof. According to other embodiments, the buffer system of the transport composition comprises: approximately 15 mM to approximately 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution; approximately 3 mM to approximately 9 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate; approximately 10 mM to approximately 15 mM of hydrogen phosphate; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the sugar component of the transport composition comprises approximately 2 mM to approximately 25 mM of D-glucose. According to other embodiments, the sugar component of the transport composition comprises approximately 9 mM to approximately 15 mM of D-glucose. According to some embodiments, the transport composition further comprises: from about 20 mM to about 120 mM of sodium ions; from about 0.01 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions; from about 10 mM to about 70 mM of chloride ions; from about 2 mM to about 12 mM of potassium ions; from about 0.1 mM to about 1 mM of magnesium ions; from about 0.2 mM to about 10 mM of alanylglutamine; from about 0.01 μM to about 10 pM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the transport composition comprises: from about 70 mM to about 90 mM of sodium ions; from about 0.03 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions; from about 40 mM to about 60 mM of chloride ions; from about 2 mM to about 5 mM of potassium ions; from about 0.4 mM to about 0.7 mM of magnesium ions; about 1 mM to about 5 mM of alanylglutamine; about 0.05 μM to about 0.25 μM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the transport composition further comprises: from about 0.1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL of insulin; from about 1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL of transferrin; from about 5 nM to about 50 nM of sodium selenite; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the transport composition comprises: from about 8 pg / mL to about 12 pg / mL of insulin; from about 3 pg / mL to about 7 pg / mL of transferrin; from about 20 nM to about 40 nM of sodium selenite; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the carrier composition further comprises: from about 10 units / mL to about 200 units / mL of penicillin; from about 0.01 mg / mL to about 1 mg / mL of streptomycin; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the carrier composition comprises: from about 80 units / mL to about 120 units / mL of penicillin; from about 0.08 mg / mL to about 0.2 mg / mL of streptomycin; or a combination thereof. In one aspect, the transport composition comprises: from about 0.01 pM to about 0.25 pM of naringenin; from about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution; from about 3 mM to about 9 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate; from about 10 mM to about 15 mM of hydrogen phosphate; from about 9 mM to about 15 mM of D-glucose; from about 70 mM to about 90 mM of sodium ions; from about 0.03 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions; from about 40 mM to about 60 mM of chloride ions; from about 2 mM to about 5 mM of potassium ions; from about 0.4 mM to about 0.7 mM of magnesium ions; about 1 mM to about 5 mM of alanyl-glutamine; and about 0.05 pM to about 0.25 pM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid. / nLnfrn / Lznz / q / Yi In some embodiments, the transport composition can be used for the transport of cells, tissues, and organs before the cells, tissues, or organs are cryopreserved. In several respects, the embodiments refer to a composition comprising naringenin, a buffer system, and a sugar component, wherein the composition is used for the cryopreservation of cells, tissues, or organs. In some embodiments, the cells, tissues, or organs are human hair follicles, cells derived from human hair follicles, or cells derived from urine. According to some embodiments, the concentration of naringenin in the cryopreservation composition is from approximately 0.01 μM to approximately 10 μM. According to other embodiments, the concentration of naringenin in the cryopreservation composition is from approximately 0.01 μM to approximately 0.25 μM. According to some embodiments, the buffer system of the cryopreservation composition comprises: from about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution; from about 2 mM to about 20 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate; from about 6 mM to about 25 mM of hydrogen phosphate; or a combination thereof. According to other embodiments, the buffer system of the cryopreservation composition comprises: from about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution; from about 3 mM to about 9 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate; from about 10 mM to about 15 mM of hydrogen phosphate; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the sugar component of the cryopreservation composition comprises from approximately 2 mM to approximately 25 mM of D-glucose. According to other embodiments, the sugar component of the cryopreservation composition comprises from approximately 9 mM to approximately 15 mM of D-glucose. According to some embodiments, the cryopreservation composition further comprises: from about 20 mM to about 120 mM of sodium ions; from about 0.01 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions; from about 10 mM to about 70 mM of chloride ions; from about 2 mM to about 12 mM of potassium ions; from about 0.1 mM to about 1 mM of magnesium ions; from about 0.2 mM to about 10 mM of alanylglutamine; from about 0.01 μM to about 10 μM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the cryopreservation composition comprises: about 70 mM to about 90 mM of sodium ions; about 0.03 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions; about 40 mM to about 60 mM of chloride ions; about 2 mM to about 5 mM of potassium ions; about 0.4 mM to about 0.7 mM of magnesium ions; about 1 mM to about 5 mM of alanyl-glutamine; about 0.05 μM to about 0.25 μM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the chocolate-preservative composition further comprises: from about 0.1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL of insulin; from about 1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL of transferrin; from about 5 nM to about 50 nM of sodium selenite; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the chocolate-preservative composition comprises: from about 8 pg / mL to about 12 pg / mL of insulin; from about 3 pg / mL to about 7 pg / mL of transferrin; from about 20 nM to about 40 nM of sodium selenite; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the choconservation composition further comprises: from about 10 units / mL to about 200 units / mL of penicillin; from about 0.01 mg / mL to about 1 mg / mL of streptomycin; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the choconservation composition comprises: from about 80 units / mL to about 120 units / mL of penicillin; from about 0.08 mg / mL to about 0.2 mg / mL of streptomycin; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the chocolate-preservative composition further comprises: from about 0.001 g / mL to about 0.2 g / mL of dextran 40; from about 10 mM to about 60 mM of sucrose; from about 0.1% (v / v) to about 20% (v / v) of dimethyl sulfoxide; or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the chocolate-preservative composition comprises: from about 0.03 g / mL to about 0.07 g / mL of dextran 40; from about 20 mM to 40 mM of sucrose; from about 2.5% (v / v) to about 10% (v / v) of dimethyl sulfoxide; or a combination thereof. In one aspect, the chocolate-preservative composition comprises: about 0.01 pM to about 0.25 pM of naringenin; about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution; about 3 mM to about 9 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate; about 10 mM to about 15 mM of hydrogen phosphate; about 9 mM to about 15 mM of D-glucose; about 70 mM to about 90 mM of sodium ions; about 0.03 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions; about 40 mM to about 60 mM of chloride ions; about 2 mM to about 5 mM of potassium ions; about 0.4 mM to about 0.7 mM of magnesium ions; about 1 mM to about 5 mM of alanyl-glutamine; about 0.05 pM to about 0.25 pM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid; / nLnfrn / Lznz / q / Yi about 0.03 g / mL to about 0.07 g / mL of dextran 40; about 20 mM to 40 mM of sucrose; and less than about 5% (v / v) of dimethyl sulfoxide. In some embodiments, the cryopreservation composition can be used for the cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs after the cells, tissues, or organs have been transported. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of the various implementations described herein and to show more clearly how they can be carried out, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the attached figures in which: FIGURE 1 represents a flow chart illustrating an example of a pipeline that can be used to transport and cryopreserve cells, tissues, and organs according to non-limiting embodiments. FIGURE 2 represents a graph illustrating the percentage of viability of plucked human hair follicles after two days of transport in various transport compositions. FIGURE 3 represents a graph that illustrates a relative variability of plucked human hair follicles compared with fresh controls, in various transport compositions over time. FIGURE 4 represents a graph illustrating the percentage of viability of plucked human hair follicles after five days of cryopreservation in various cryopreservation compositions. FIGURE 5 represents a graph illustrating the percentage of viability of plucked human hair follicles, with respect to fresh controls, after two days of transport and five days of cryopreservation in various compositions. FIGURE 6 depicts photographs containing an example of keratinocyte growth from a fresh hair follicle under chemically defined serum-free conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The following description, and the embodiments described herein, are provided by means of an example, or examples, of particular embodiments of the principles and aspects of the present invention. These examples are provided for the purpose of explaining, and not limiting, those principles and the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all terms and phrases used herein include the meanings they have attained in the art unless clearly stated otherwise or it is obvious from the context in which the term or phrase is used. As used herein, a person skilled in the relevant art may generally understand the term “comprising” to mean the presence of the stated features, components or groups referred to in the claims, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, components or groups thereof. As used herein, a person skilled in the relevant art may generally understand the term “transport” to mean the movement of items, such as organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs, or other biological constructs susceptible to damage from unregulated chemical kinetics, from one location to another. The term “transport” as used herein may also include the short-term storage of items such as organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs, or other biological constructs susceptible to damage from unregulated chemical kinetics. Transport may include mail transport.Many problems can arise during transport, including, but not limited to: temperature fluctuations, exposure to extreme temperature ranges, jostling and vibration, mail, postal, and courier delivery delays; import / export delays; customs delays; and logistical problems (e.g., delivery to remote locations). According to some embodiments, compositions are provided that can be used for the transport of cells, tissues, and organs. The term “transport composition” may, but is not necessarily, used herein to refer to these compositions. As used herein, a person skilled in the relevant art may generally understand the term “cryopreservation” to mean a process in which organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, or other living biological constructs susceptible to damage from unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling to very low temperatures (typically -80°C using solid carbon dioxide or -196°C using liquid nitrogen). According to some embodiments, compositions are provided that can be used for the cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs. The term “cryopreservation composition” may, but is not necessarily, used herein to refer to these compositions. As used herein, the term “cells, tissues, and organs” may refer to organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs, or other living biological constructs. According to some embodiments, the cells, tissues, and organs may be human. According to other embodiments, the cells, tissues, and organs may be non-human cells, tissues, and organs. Non-human cells, tissues, and organs may include mammalian cells, tissues, and organs, and in particular, may be derived from rodents. According to some embodiments, the cells, tissues, and organs are retrieved from non-invasive sources and may include plucked human hair follicles, cells derived from hair follicles (such as keratinocytes), cells derived from urine, and buccal cells.According to some embodiments, the cells, tissues, and organs that have been transported and / or cryopreserved in the transport and / or cryopreservation compositions of the present invention can be used for research and / or clinical and therapeutic applications. In some embodiments of the present invention, the use of the transport and / or cryopreservation composition results in good recovery rates and healthy cell populations for future use, for example, in research applications or as starting material for cell-based therapeutic agents. As used herein, a person skilled in the relevant art may generally understand the term “effective quantity” to mean a quantity sufficient to maintain the viability or limit the reduction in viability of cells, tissues, or organs. In the embodiments of the present invention, an effective quantity may include, but is not limited to, a quantity sufficient to maintain the viability or limit the reduction in viability of cells, tissues, or organs that have undergone transport and / or cryopreservation. The present invention relates to the discovery that naringenin can help maintain the viability or limit the reduction in viability of cells, tissues, and organs in transport and / or cryopreservation compositions. Naringenin is a flavanone found predominantly in citrus fruits. Persons skilled in the art may appreciate that naringenin exhibits some antioxidant activity, which can help protect cells, tissues, and organs from free radical damage. Naringenin may have additional properties well-suited for the transport and / or cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs.For example, naringenin has been reported to exhibit antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral properties (see, for example, references [4] and [5]), which are useful for preventing undesirable external contamination and reducing the need for [specific ingredient] in transport and / or cryopreservation compositions. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that in a composition, low concentrations of naringenin can induce keratinocyte proliferation (see, for example, reference [6]), allowing for faster recovery from transport and cryopreservation. Additionally, naringenin is reported to be an inducer of heat shock proteins (see, for example, reference [7]), potentially providing protection from sudden temperature changes (hot or cold) during transport and cryopreservation. Promising pharmaceutical uses of naringenin have been demonstrated in clinical trials (see, for example, reference

[21] ). According to some embodiments of the present invention, compositions comprising naringenin, a buffer system, and a sugar component are provided. These compositions can be used for the transport and / or cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs. Preferably, the compositions of the present invention are formulated to mimic the cellular environment, protect cells, tissues, and organs from damage, and enhance the viability, recovery, and / or usability of the cells, tissues, and organs after transport and / or cryopreservation. In some embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the compounds is provided in concentrations to optimize the viability of keratinocyte cells. All individual components of the described transport and / or cryopreservation compositions are preferably, but not necessarily, pharmaceutical grade and / or free of animal components. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition includes naringenin at a concentration of approximately 0.01 μM to approximately 10 μM. According to some embodiments, the composition includes naringenin at a concentration of approximately 0.01 μM to approximately 0.25 μM. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition may contain at least one other flavonoid in combination with naringenin. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition includes a buffer system. According to some embodiments, the buffer system will allow the composition to maintain a physiologically relevant pH of approximately 7.4 outside a CO2 incubator under hypothermic conditions. In one aspect, the buffer system may comprise a synthetic biological buffer solution, such as HEPES or BES. Any suitable synthetic biological buffer solution with a pH similar to HEPES is contemplated. The synthetic biological buffer solution may be at a concentration of approximately 15 mM to approximately 45 mM. According to some embodiments, the described transport and / or cryopreservation buffer system may alternatively or additionally comprise hydrogen bicarbonate at a concentration of about 2 mM to about 20 mM. Preferably, the hydrogen bicarbonate concentration is about 3 mM to about 9 mM. According to some embodiments, the described transport and / or cryopreservation buffer system may alternatively or additionally comprise hydrogen phosphate at a concentration of about 6 mM to about 25 mM. Preferably, the hydrogen phosphate concentration is about 10 mM to about 15 mM. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition includes a sugar component. Any suitable type of sugar is acceptable. Persons skilled in the art may appreciate that suitable sugar components may include, but are not limited to, glucose, mannitol, and sucrose. According to some embodiments, the sugar component is glucose, and preferably D-glucose. Persons skilled in the art may appreciate that glucose acts as an energy source. Glucose aids in the production of ATP and other energy-storing nucleotide triphosphates, as well as energy-rich hydrogens from NADP and NAD. Furthermore, proper energy metabolism in cells may depend on multiple pathways in which glucose is involved, such as the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the citric acid cycle.According to some embodiments, glucose is at a concentration of about 2 mM to about 25 mM and, more preferably, about 9 mM to about 15 mM. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition may also include adenosine, which provides a source of ATP. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition includes ionic concentrations of sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, or a combination thereof, based on normal extracellular fluid values ​​found in the environment of cells, tissues, and organs, and may preferably, but not necessarily, be similar to the Krebs-Ringer balanced salt solution. According to other embodiments, the composition contains lower amounts of sodium, chloride, calcium, or a combination thereof compared to a normal extracellular environment. Persons skilled in the art may appreciate that the salts can play a role in maintaining physiologically relevant osmotic balance for cells, tissues, and organs.Individually, ions and cations can play a role in necessary biological functions through the activity of the solute pump in the plasma membrane and signal transduction pathways. For example, keratinocytes may be sensitive to calcium, such that a concentration greater than 1 mM induces terminal differentiation and / or cell death. In some embodiments of the transport and / or cryopreservation composition, the sodium ion concentration is around 20 mM to around 120 mM. More preferably, the sodium ion concentration is around 70 mM to around 90 mM. In some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition contains a calcium ion concentration of approximately 0.01 mM to approximately 1 mM. More preferably, the calcium ion concentration is approximately 0.03 mM to approximately 1 mM. In a preferred embodiment, the composition contains approximately 0.06 mM of calcium to reduce or prevent terminal keratinocyte differentiation. Persons skilled in the art may appreciate that calcium regulates keratinocyte differentiation. Calcium concentrations equal to or greater than approximately 1 mM have been reported to induce stratification and terminal differentiation of keratinocytes.Furthermore, it has also been reported that a source of propagating cells—especially for the growth of keratinocytes from a plucked follicle—terminally differentiated keratinocytes are less effective and in some cases useless (see, for example, Reference [1]). In some forms of carrying out the transport and / or cryopreservation composition, the chloride ion concentration is around 10 mM to around 70 mM. More preferably, the chloride ion concentration is around 40 mM to around 60 mM. In some embodiments of the transport and / or cryopreservation composition, the potassium ion concentration is around 2 mM to around 12 mM. More preferably, the potassium ion concentration is around 2 mM to around 5 mM. In some embodiments of the transport and / or cryopreservation composition, the magnesium ion concentration is approximately 0.1 mM to approximately 1 mM. More preferably, the magnesium ion concentration is approximately 0.4 mM to approximately 0.7 mM. Preferably, any combination of salt forms can be used (e.g., KCl vs. NaCl). Preferably, the final ion concentration is the same. Those skilled in the technique may appreciate that glutamine is important for cell growth as a nitrogen source. Glutamine is also important for the synthesis of multiple regulators and energy carriers in metabolic pathways, such as NAD, NADH, and purine nucleotides (see, for example, Reference [2]). Glutamine can also be used as an energy source when glucose levels are low (see, for example, Reference [2]). However, glutamine has been reported to be unstable for long-term storage. Over time, glutamine can readily and non-enzymatically decompose into ammonia and pyroglutamate, creating a toxic environment for cells, tissues, and organs.According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition of the present invention includes alanyl-glutamine, a stable form of glutamine comprising L-glutamine and L-alanine that can facilitate the long-term storage of cells, tissues, and organs. According to some embodiments, the concentration of alanyl-glutamine in the composition is from about 0.2 mM to about 10 mM and more preferably from about 1 mM to about 5 mM. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition further comprises the antioxidant (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (e.g., TROLOXMR), a vitamin E analogue. Persons skilled in the art may appreciate that (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid is particularly relevant when using keratinocytes to reduce UVB-induced H₂O₂ cell death and improve survival rates (see, e.g., Reference [3]). The use of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid can reduce oxidative stress resulting from the transport and / or cryopreservation process (e.g., during thawing). According to some embodiments, the concentration of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid is around 0.01 μM to around 10 μM and, more preferably, the concentration is around 0.0.05 μM to around 0.25 μM. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition may comprise vitamin E instead of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylamine-2-carboxylic acid. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition does not contain serum or any animal components. Persons skilled in the art may appreciate that serum and other animal components are traditionally used in many growth media and transport and cryopreservation compositions as a source of amino acids, lipids, hormones, vitamins, and trace elements. However, risks such as pathogen contamination and batch-to-batch inconsistencies can be associated with their use. Furthermore, xenocompounds found in serum and other animal components have been reported to cause adverse immune reactions in human clinical settings and therapeutic agents. Progress has been made in recent years in developing chemically defined serum-free alternatives. Three compounds useful to cells, tissues, and organs that have been identified in serum are insulin, transferrin, and selenium (in the form of sodium selenite). Those skilled in the technique may appreciate that insulin regulates the uptake and utilization of glucose and amino acids, transferrin is an important ion carrier for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and sodium selenite is preferentially a trace element for the proper maintenance of keratinocytes. In trace amounts, selenium, a constituent of selenoproteins, may be required for proper cell death by a multitude of enzymatic and structural elements.It has been reported that in keratinocytes, selenium may be necessary for proper cell function and health, preventing apoptosis from ultraviolet B radiation, promoting keratinocyte proliferation, preserving the stalk, preventing cellular senescence, and maintaining homeostasis during aging by increasing their replicative lifespan (See, for example, Reference [8]). According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition may further comprise insulin, transferrin, selenium (in the form of sodium selenite), or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the composition may comprise insulin at a concentration of about 0.1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL and, more preferably, at a concentration of about 8 pg / mL to about 12 pg / mL.According to some embodiments, the composition may comprise transferrin at a concentration of about 1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL, and more preferably, at a concentration of about 3 pg / mL to about 7 pg / mL. According to some embodiments, the composition may comprise sodium selenite at a concentration of about 5 nM to about 50 nM, and more preferably, from about 20 nM to about 40 nM. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition may further comprise caspase inhibitors to minimize cell death by apoptosis. According to some embodiments, the transport and / or cryopreservation composition may further comprise at least one antibiotic to help minimize bacterial contamination in the composition. Any suitable antibiotic or combination of antibiotics is contemplated to help minimize bacterial contamination. According to some embodiments, the composition contains penicillin, streptomycin, or a combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the composition may include the antibiotic penicillin at a concentration of approximately 10 units / mL to approximately 200 units / mL, or more preferably, at a concentration of approximately 80 units / mL to approximately 120 units / mL. According to alternative or additional embodiments, the composition may include the antibiotic streptomycin at a concentration of approximately 0.0.1 mg / mL to about 1 mg / mL, or more preferably, at a concentration of about 0.08 mg / mL to about 0.2 mg / mL. According to some embodiments, the cryopreservation composition also includes at least one cryoprotectant. Those experienced in the technique can appreciate that cryoprotectants help modify the freezing behavior of cells, thereby helping to prevent damage to cells, tissues, and organs that can occur during the cryopreservation process. During cryopreservation, there is a risk that cells will experience chilling injury due to the formation of ice crystals inside or outside the cells. For example, if cells freeze too rapidly, more water may remain in the cells, which can aggregate into larger ice crystals that can cause mechanical damage to the cells.Slow cooling can allow cells to rapidly lose water and prevent internal freezing, but it can cause cells to shrink drastically. Intracellular problems can also result from the cryopreservation process. It has been reported that cell shrinkage during slow cooling can distort the nuclear membrane and cause DNA to break if the DNA is tightly packed around the chromatin (See, for example, Reference [9]). It has also been reported that the clumping of macromolecules as a result of cell shrinkage can inhibit DNA repair mechanisms, resulting in genetic damage (See, for example, Reference [9]). During slow cooling, cells can experience hyperosmotic stress as a result of their rapid water loss.Cryoprotectants have been reported to affect the rate of water transport and the growth of ice crystals, both of which help protect cells, tissues, and organs against ice crystal formation by stabilizing proteins within cells, tissues, and organs (See, for example, Reference

[10] ). The choice of an effective cryoprotectant can be essential for the proper cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs. According to some embodiments, the composition may comprise at least one of the following cryoprotectants: Dextran 40, sucrose, and DMSO. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that Dextran 40 is a polysaccharide of glucose units with an average molecular weight of around 40,000, generally used as an important component in blood-plasma volume expanders. In other applications, Dextran 40 can act as a safe and / or effective cryoprotectant, contributing to controlled ice crystal formation. According to some embodiments, the composition may comprise Dextran 40 as a proton protectant in a concentration of about 0.001 g / mL to about 0.2 g / mL, and more preferably, in a concentration of about 0.03 g / mL to about 0.07 g / mL.Sucrose can also be used as a non-penetrating protective agent. According to some embodiments, the composition may comprise sucrose as a protective agent at a concentration of about 10 mM to about 60 mM and, more preferably, from about 20 mM to about 40 mM. According to some embodiments, the composition may include DMSO as a chromoprotectant. Persons skilled in the art may appreciate that DMSO is a commonly used chromoprotectant that has been shown for many years to be effective on a wide range of different cell, tissue, and organ types. It may have been reported to readily cross the cell membrane to provide protection to the cell; however, this entry can cause changes in the cell's water volume, which can result in damage. Also, since DMSO has been reported to be toxic to cells at room temperature and can cause adverse reactions in animals and humans, as much DMSO as possible should be removed from cells, tissues, and organs before they are used in clinical or therapeutic applications (see, for example, Reference

[11] ). In the prior art, DMSO is typically used at concentrations of 10% (v / v).It may be desirable to reduce the amount of DMSO used in transport and / or preservation compositions due to the reported potential for cell damage. According to some embodiments, the composition comprises DMSO at a concentration of about 0.1% (v / v) to about 20% (v / v) and, more preferably, at a concentration of about 2.5% (v / v) to about 10% (v / v). According to a preferred embodiment, the DMSO concentration is about 5% (v / v). According to some embodiments, the transport and / or chocolate preservation composition has a final osmolality of around 190 mOsm / kg to around 380 mOsm / kg and a pH of around 6.9-7.5. According to some embodiments, a chopreservation composition is first used to store cells, tissues, or organs, and then a transport composition is used to transport and / or store the same cells, tissues, or organs. According to other embodiments, a transport composition is first used to transport and / or store cells, tissues, or organs for short-term storage, and then a chopreservation composition is used for long-term storage of the same cells, tissues, or organs. Attention is drawn to FIGURE 1, which depicts an example of a transport and chopreservation pipeline that can be used with various non-limiting embodiments of the transport and chopreservation compositions of the present invention.According to some embodiments of the present invention, the cells, tissues, and organs of interest can be added to a transport composition and viably transported from a first location to a second location (e.g., a laboratory, clinic, etc.) for experimentation, analysis, therapeutics, and / or cryopreservation. In some embodiments, the cells, tissues, and organs are then placed in a cryopreservation composition before undergoing a cryopreservation process. According to a preferred embodiment, the cells, tissues, and organs can be cryopreserved indefinitely without significant reduction in viability until required for future experimentation, analysis, and / or therapeutics. The present example is for demonstration purposes and should not be considered limiting to the use of the invention in any way. According to some embodiments of the present invention, a transport composition is formulated to maintain a viability greater than approximately 50% after transport for a predetermined duration (e.g., two days) at approximately 252°C, and more preferably approximately 80% after transport for a predetermined duration (e.g., two days) at approximately 42°C. This transport composition is preferably, but not necessarily, more effective than other currently available compositions such as, for example, HypoThermosol. Attention is drawn to Figure 2, which depicts the percentage of viability of plucked human hair follicles after two days of transport in various transport compositions.As a first step, human hair follicles were plucked and placed in three different transport media: 1) transport medium according to the present invention; 2) HypoThermosol as a comparator transport medium; and 3) Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) without magnesium or calcium as a control. As a second step, the hair follicles were then placed in a simulated transport environment for approximately two days, maintaining a temperature of approximately 25°C or approximately 4°C. After two days, hair follicle viability relative to fresh controls was measured using the AlamarBie assay. Analyses using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test yielded statistical significance (p < 0.05) when comparing the transport medium of the present invention to the comparator HypoThermosol and the DPBS control. The above assay was repeated five times. Figure 3 depicts the relative viability of plucked human hair follicles over time in either Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) without magnesium or calcium as a nutrient-free control, Hypothermosol FRS as a comparator transport composition, and a transport composition according to one embodiment of the present invention. The transport temperature was set at 42°C. Relative viability was calculated by comparing the viability of the transported human hair follicles to the viability of the controls of recently plucked human hair follicles that were not transported. At each time point, viability was measured by the AlamarBIue assay. The above assay was repeated three times.This figure shows how human hair follicles in the transport composition according to one embodiment of the present invention can maintain relatively higher viability values ​​after 24 hours compared to other types of compositions. This is important in relation to the transport of cells, tissues, and organs by mail, where most deliveries depend on location, and postal delays, import / export delays, and customs delays can lead to transport times exceeding 24 hours. Figure 4 shows the percentage of viability of plucked human hair follicles after five days of cryopreservation. The human hair follicles were plucked and placed in four different cryopreservation compositions: 1) a cryopreservation composition containing 5% DMSO according to one embodiment of the present invention; 2) a cryopreservation composition according to one embodiment of the present invention except without DMSO; 3) CryoStor CS5 containing 5% DMSO; and 4) a standard cryopreservation composition comprising 5% DMSO and 10% FBS in DMEM. Prior to cryopreservation, the hair follicles in these different compositions were brought to approximately -80°C at a consistent rate of approximately 12°C per minute using a CoolCell LX freezing vessel.The vials containing the hair follicles were then placed in a vapor-phase liquid nitrogen cryopreservation tank for five days. After five days of cryopreservation, the vials containing the follicles were rapidly thawed in a water bath at 372°C. The viability of the hair follicles was then measured against fresh, non-chocolated hair follicles using the AlamarBIue assay. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test yielded statistical significance (p < 0.05) when comparing the cryopreservation composition with 5% DMSO, according to one embodiment of the present invention, to CryoStor CS5 and the standard cryopreservation composition. Statistical significance was not reached between the cryopreservation composition without 5% DMSO, according to one embodiment of the present invention, and CryoStor CS6. N = 6. Figure 5 represents the percentage viability of plucked human hair follicles after two days of transport followed by a five-day cryopreservation process. Human hair follicles were plucked and placed in three different transport compositions: 1) a transport composition according to an embodiment of the present invention; 2) HypoThermosol as a competing transport composition; and 3) Dulbecco Phosphate Buffered Saline (“DPBS”) without magnesium or calcium as a standard composition. The hair follicles were then placed in a simulated two-day transport environment maintained at approximately 25°C or 4°C. After two days, the viability of the hair follicle transport (Vt) relative to fresh controls was measured by the AlamarBIue assay.To evaluate viability after chopreservation, human hair follicles were plucked and placed in four different chopreservation compositions: 1) the chopreservation composition containing 5% DMSO according to an embodiment of the present invention; 2) a chopreservation composition according to an embodiment of the present invention except without DMSO; 3) CryoStor CS5 containing 5% DMSO; and 4) a standard chopreservation composition comprising 5% DMSO and. 10% FBS in DMEM. Before cryopreservation, hair follicles in these different compositions were cooled to approximately -802°C at a reduction rate of about 10 per minute using a CoolCell LX freezing vessel. The vials containing the hair follicles were then placed in a vapor-phase liquid nitrogen cryopreservation tank for five days. After five days of cryopreservation, the vials containing the hair follicles were rapidly thawed in a water bath at approximately 37°C. The viability of the hair follicles after cryopreservation (Vc) was then measured relative to fresh, non-cryopreserved follicles using the AlamarBIue assay. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test yielded statistical significance at p < 0.05.05 when compared with the use of a combination of the cryopreservation composition with and without 5% DMSO according to an embodiment of the present invention to the use of a combination of HypoThermosol + CryoStor CS5 and the standard transport and cryopreservation medium combination. N=6. FIGURES 4 and 5 show the effectiveness of the transport and / or cryopreservation compositions of the present invention with and without DMSO compared to CryoStor CS5 containing 5% DMSO. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the described compositions may be similar to each other with respect to the transport and cryopreservation composition since both may preferably be required but are not necessarily used together (as shown in FIGURE 1) for the transport and / or cryopreservation of cells, tissues and / or organs. Those skilled in the technique may appreciate that cells isolated from hair follicles have many potential uses in regenerative medicine. Anagen-phase hairs can be plucked directly from the scalp. These hairs possess a waxy cuticle with a distinct hair bulb and outer root covering containing keratinocytes and cells with an increased capacity for hair regeneration and wound healing (See, for example, References

[12] ,

[13] ,

[14] ). Follicle-derived keratinocytes can be cultured (as shown in FIGURE 6) and used to generate iPSC lines with a total retroviral transduction reprogramming efficiency with OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC of approximately 1%, compared to an efficiency of less than approximately 0.01% when using fibroblast cultures (See, for example, References

[15] ,

[16] ). Figure 6 illustrates an example of keratinocyte growth from a fresh hair follicle under chemically defined serum-free conditions. Images were taken at 100x magnification using a Leica DMi 8 phase-contrast microscope. By day eight, confluent keratinocyte monolayers were obtained and could be trypsinized for future culture and expansion. The protocol of Hung et al., 2015 (See Reference

[20] ) was followed. Keratinocyte growth was also obtained after transport and cryopreservation in preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the technique may appreciate that a variety of cell types can be collected from a single urine sample, including, but not necessarily, urothelial-like cells, smooth muscle-like cells, endothelial-like cells, interstitial-like cells, and / or a subpopulation of cells exhibiting stem cell-like characteristics called “urine-derived stem cells” (“USCs”). USCs preferentially, but not necessarily, comprise about 0.2% of the cells in voided urine, with an average collection of 5 to 10 USCs per 100 ml, and have been reported to originate from parietal stem cells in the renal glomerulus (See, for example, Reference

[17] ). USCs have been reported to be adherent and can be expanded in culture with a success rate of 82% (See, for example, Reference

[18] ).These cells show mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD117, CD73, CD90, CD105) in early passages but are negative for hematopoietic stem cell markers (see, for example, Reference

[18] ). They are considered multipotent with different capacities in urothelial cell lineages, smooth muscle cells, neurogenic cells, osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes (see, for example, References [17, 18]). Additionally, as with keratinocytes, the use of USCs as precursor cells for iPSC generation has been reported to be shorter (12 days) and more efficient than traditional fibroblast-based methods (see, for example, Reference

[19] ). The efficiency of IPSC generation may be the result of the intrinsic expression of two reprogramming factors, c-myc and klf4, in addition to the higher telomerase activity observed in USCs (See, for example, Reference

[19] ).As a result, USCs have many potential uses in regenerative medicine, especially with regard to the urinary tract and / or kidney repair. The foregoing description is intended as an example only, and a person skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention described. Modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention will be evident to those skilled in the art upon review of this description, and these modifications are proposed to be included in the appended claims. This concludes the description of the currently preferred embodiments of the invention. The foregoing description has been presented for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiment described. Further modifications, variations, and alterations are possible in view of the foregoing and will be evident to those skilled in the art, and may be used in the design and manufacture of other embodiments according to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is proposed that the scope of the invention be limited not by this description, but only by the claims that form a part of it. EXAMPLES The invention will be further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. These examples are set forth to aid in the understanding of the invention, but are not intended to, and should not be considered as, limiting its scope in any way. The examples do not include detailed descriptions of conventional methods that would be well known to those of ordinary experience in the art. Example 1 - Formulation of the Transport Composition This example sets forth a preferred formulation of the transport composition according to an aspect of the present invention for transporting cells, tissues, and organs. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the naringenin and TROLOXMR stock solution are prepared in DMSO to a final concentration of 100 mM. Then, from the stock solution, a naringenin working solution and a TROLOXMR working solution are formulated by diluting the stock solution in endotoxin-free Milli-Q water to a final concentration of 0.4 mM (0.4% (v / v) DMSO). Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, sodium bicarbonate, anhydrous dibasic sodium phosphate, HEPES, D-glucose, and alanyl-glutamine are added to 500 mL of endotoxin-free milli-Q purified water while stirring to create a 10X solution. The 10X solution contains: a. NaCl 485 mM b. KCI 40 mM c. CaCk 0.6 mM d. MgCb hexahydrate 5 mM e. Na2CO3 60 mM f. Na2HPQ4120 mM g. HEPES 230 mM h. D-(+)-glucose 110 mM i. Ala-GIn 20 mM Once completely dissolved, the solution is filter-sterilized through a sterile, disposable 0.22 µm filter system. For long-term storage, sodium bicarbonate can be omitted from the 10X solution and a fresh change added to the 1X solution. The 10X solution is stored at 4–82°C. A 1X solution is prepared by diluting 5 mL of the 10X solution in 45 mL of endotoxin-free milli-Q purified water. The 1X solution is mixed thoroughly. Naringenin and TROLOXMR working solutions are diluted to 0.05 μM and 0.1 μM respectively in 1X solution. The final 1X solution contains: a. NaCl 48.5 mM b. KCl 4 mM c. CaCh 0.06 mM d. MgCh hexahydrate 0.5 mM e. Na2COs 6 mM f. Na2HPO412 mM g. HEPES 23 mM h. D-(+)-glucose 11 mM i. Ala-GIn 2 mM j. Naringenin 0.05 μM k. 0.1 μM of TROLOXMR[(±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid] I. 0.0005% (v / v) of DMSO (solvent used for Naringenin and Trolox, the final concentration must not exceed 0.0005% (v / v)) The final 1X solution is mixed well, then filter-sterilized through a disposable sterile 0.22 pm filter system and stored at 4°C. Example 2 - Formulation of the Cryopreservation Composition The following example sets forth a preferred formulation of the cryopreservation composition according to an aspect of the present invention for the cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs. In preferred embodiments of the invention, formulations comprising naringenin and TROLOX™ stock solution in DMSO at a final concentration of 100 mM are prepared for both compounds. Subsequently, a naringenin working solution and a TROLOX™ working solution are formulated from the stock solution by diluting a stock solution in DPBS-free magnesium and calcium to a final concentration of 0.4 mM. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, sodium bicarbonate, anhydrous dibasic sodium phosphate, HEPES, D-glucose, and alanyl-glutamine are added to 500 mL of endotoxin-free milli-Q purified water while stirring to create a 10X solution. The 10X solution contains: a. NaCl 485 mM b. KCI 40 mM c. CaChOOmM d. MgCl2 hexahydrate 5 mM e. Na2COs60mM f. Na2HPO4120mM g. HEPES 230 mM h. D-(+)-glucose 110 mM i. Ala-Gln20mM A 1X solution is prepared by diluting 5 mL of the 10X solution in 45 mL of endotoxin-free milli-Q purified water. The 1X solution is mixed thoroughly. The working solutions of naringenin and TROLOXMR are diluted to 0.05 μM and 0.1 μM, respectively, in 1X solution. Dextran 40 is added to the 1X solution to a final concentration of 5% (w / v), and sucrose is added to the 1X solution to a final concentration of 1% (w / v). DMSO is added to the 1X solution to a final concentration of 5% (v / v). The 1X solution is mixed well, then filter-sterilized through a sterile disposable 0.22 pm filter system and stored at 4°C. In other embodiments, Dextran 40, sucrose, and DMSO are added to the 1X solution described in Example 1. Dextran 40 is added to a final concentration of 5% (w / v), sucrose is added to a final concentration of 1% (w / v), and DMSO is added to a final concentration of 5% (v / v). INTERPRETATION It will also be understood that for the purposes of this application, the language, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” or “one or more of X, Y, and Z” may be considered to mean X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more items X, Y, and Z (e.g., XYZ, XYY, YZ, ZZ). References in the specification to “an embodiment,” “the embodiment,” “an implementation,” “a variant,” etc., indicate that the embodiment, implementation, or variant described may include a particular aspect, feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment, implementation, or variant necessarily includes that aspect, feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, these phrases may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment referred to elsewhere in the specification. Additionally, when a particular aspect, feature, structure, or characteristic is described in relation to an embodiment, it is within the knowledge of someone skilled in the art to affect or connect this module, aspect, feature, structure, or characteristic with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described.In other words, any element or aspect can be combined / ni nnn / ι 7n7 / =i / Yl· with any other element or aspect in different forms of realization, unless there is an obvious or inherent incompatibility, or it is specifically excluded. It is further noted that claims may be described to exclude any optional elements. As such, this statement is proposed to serve as a basis for the use of exclusive terminology, such as “only,” “solely,” and the like, in conjunction with the citation of claim elements or the use of a “negative” limitation. The terms “preferably,” “preferred,” “prefer,” “optionally,” “may,” and similar terms are used to indicate that a referenced article, condition, or step is an optional (not required) feature of the invention. The singular forms “a,” “one,” and “the” include plural reference unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “and / or” means any of the articles, any combination of the articles, or all of the articles with which the term is associated. The phrase “one or more” is easily understood by someone experienced in the technique, particularly when read in the context of its use. The term “around” may refer to a variation of ±5%, ±10%, ±20%, or ±25% of the specified value. For example, “around 50%” may, in some embodiments, carry a variation of 45 to 55%. For whole number intervals, the term “around” may include one or two whole numbers greater than and / or less than a cited whole number at each end of the interval. Unless otherwise stated herein, the term “around” is intended to include values ​​and intervals close to the cited interval that are equivalent in terms of the functionality of the composition or embodiment. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, particularly in terms of providing a written description, all intervals cited herein also encompass any and all possible subintervals and combinations thereof, as well as individual values ​​that constitute the interval, particularly whole numbers. A cited interval includes every specific value, whole number, decimal, or identity within the interval. A listed interval can be readily recognized as sufficiently descriptive and allowing the interval to be divided into at least equal parts, thirds, quarters, fifths, or tenths. As a non-limiting example, each interval stated herein can easily be divided into a lower third, middle third, upper third, and so on. As will also be understood by someone skilled in the technique, all language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” “more than,” “or more,” and the like, include the cited number, and these terms refer to an interval that can subsequently be divided into subintervals as discussed above. Similarly, all the relationships cited herein also include all the sub-relationships that fall within the broader relationship. References [1.] Boyce, ST and Ham, RG (1983). Calcium-regulated differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes in chemically defined clonal culture and serum-free serial culture. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 81: 33s-40s. [2.] Stumvoll, M., Remello, G., Meyer, C. and Gerich, J. (1999). Role of glutamine in human carbohydrate metabolism in kidney and other tissues. Kidney International, 55: 778792. [3.] Peus, D., Meves, A., Pott, M., Beyerle, A. y Pittelkow, MR. (2001). Vitamin E analog modulates UVB-induced signaling pathway activation and enhances cell survival. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 30: 425-432. [4.] Frabasile, S., Koishi, A.C., Kuczera, D., Silveira, G.F., Verri, W.A., dos Santos, C.N.D. & Bordignon, J. (2017). The citrus flavanone naringenin impairs dengue virus replication in human cells. Nature Scientific Reports, 7: 41864. [5.] Menanteau-Ledouble, S., Krauss, I., Santos, G., Fibi, S., Weber, B. & El-Matboul¡, M. (2015). Effect of a phytogenic feed additive on the susceptibility of Onchorhynchus mykiss to Aeromonas salmonicida. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 115: 57-66. [6.] Madaan, A., Joshi, V., Kishore, A., Verma, R., Singh, A.T., Jaggi, M y Sung, Y.K. (2017). In vitro hair growth promoting effects de naringenina and hesperetin on human dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes. American Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 6: 51 -57. [7.] Noda, S., Tanabe, S. & Suzuki, T. (2013). Naringenin enhances intestinal barrier function through the expression and cytoskeletal association of tight junction proteins in Caco-2 cells. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 57: 2019-2028. [8.] Jobeili, L., Rousselle, P., Béal, D., Blouin, E., Roussel, A.M., Damour, O. y Rachidi, W. (2017). Selenium preserves keratinocyte stemness and delays senescence by maintaining epidermal adhesión. Aging, 9: 2302-2315. [9.] Kopeika, J., Thornhill, A. y Khalaf, Y. (2014). The effect of cryopreservation on the genome of gametes and embryos: principies of cryobiology and critical appraisal of the evidence. Human Reproduction Update, 0:1-19. [10.] Gao, D. y Critser, J.K. (2000). Mechanisms of Cryoinjury in Living Cells. ILAR Journal, 41: 187-196. [11.] Chaytor, J.L., Tokarew, J.M., Wu, L.K., Leclére, M., Tam, R.Y., Capicciotti, C.J., Guolla, L., von Moos, E., Findlay, C.S., Alian, D.S., Ben, R.N. (2012). Inhibiting ¡ce recrystallization and optimization of cell viability after cryopreservation. Glycobiology, 22: 123133. [12.] Mistriotis, P. and Andreadis S.T. (2013). Hair follicle: a novel source of multipotent stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Tissue Engineering: Part B, 19: 265-278. [13.] Gho, C.G., Braun, J.E., Neumann, H.A. & Ramaekers, F.C. (2004) Human follicular stem cells: their presence in plucked hair and follicular cell culture. British Journal of Dermatology, 150: 860-868. [14.] Ansell, D.M., Kloepper, J.E., Thomason, H.A., Paus, R. y Hardman, M.J. (2011) Exploring the “Hair Growth-Wound Healing Connection”: Anagen Phase Promotes Wound ReEpithelialization. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 131: 518-528. [15.] Aasen, T. and Izpisúa Belmonte, J.C. (2010). Isolation and cultivation of human keratinocytes from skin or plucked hair for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature, 5: 371-382. [16.] Petit, I., Kesner, N.S., Karry, R., Robicsek, O., Aberdam, E., Müller, F.J., Aberdam, D. & Ben-Shachar, D. (2012). Induced pluripotent stem cells from hair follicles as a cellular model for neurodevelopmental disorders. Stem Cell Research, 8: 134-140. [17.] Bharadwaj, S., Liu, G., Shi, Y., Wu, R„ Yang, B., He, T„ Fan, Y., Lu, X., Zhou, X., Liu, H., Atala, A., Rohozinski, J. y Zhang, Y. (2013). Multipotential Differentiation of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells: Potential for Therapeutic Applications in Urology. Stem Cells, 31: 1840-1856. [18.] Long, T., Wu, R., Lu, X., Deng, J., Qin, D., Zhang, Y. (2015). Urine-Derived Stem Cells for Tissue Repair in the Genitourinary System. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 5: 317321. [19.] Zhou, T., Benda, C., Dunzinger, S., Huang, Y., Ho, J.C., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhuang, Q., L¡, Y., Bao, X., Tse, H., Grillan, J., Grillari-Voglauer, R., Peí, D. y Esteban, M.A. (2012). Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from uriñe samples. Nature Protocols, 7: 2080-2089. [20.] Hung, SCS, Pébay, A., and Wong, RCB (2015). Generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells using hair-derived keratinocytes. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 102: e53174. [21.] Salehi, B., Fokou, PVT, Sharifi-Rad, M., Zueca, P., Pezzani, R., Martins, N., and Sharifi-Rad, J. (2019). The Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin: A Review of Clinical Triáis. Pharmaceuticals, 12: 10.3390 / ph12010011 / ni nnn / ι 7n7 / 3 / YL NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the present invention, the following is considered novel and is therefore claimed as property:

Claims

1. A composition, characterized in that it comprises: a. naringenin, b. a buffer system, and c. a sugar component, wherein the composition is used for the transport of cells, tissues or organs.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of naringenin is around 0.01 μM to around 10 μM.

3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration of naringenin is around 0.01 μM to around 0.25 μM.

4. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the buffer system comprises: a. about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution, b. about 2 mM to about 20 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate, c. about 6 mM to about 25 mM of hydrogen phosphate, or a combination thereof.

5. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the buffer system comprises: a. about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution, b. about 3 mM to about 9 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate, c. about 10 mM to about 15 mM of hydrogen phosphate, or a combination thereof.

6. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sugar component comprises approximately 2 mM to approximately 25 mM of D-glucose.

7. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sugar component comprises approximately 9 mM to approximately 15 mM of D-glucose.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 20 mM to about 120 mM of sodium ions, b. about 0.01 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions, c. about 10 mM to about 70 mM of chloride ions, d. about 2 mM to about 12 mM of potassium ions, e. about 0.1 mM to about 1 mM of magnesium ions, f. about 0.2 mM to about 10 mM of alanyl-glutamine, g. about 0.01 μM to about 10 μM of (α)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromanomannan-2-carboxylic acid, or a combination thereof.

9. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 7, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 70 mM to about 90 mM of sodium ions, b. about 0.03 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions, c. about 40 mM to about 60 mM of chloride ions, d. about 2 mM to about 5 mM of potassium ions, e. about 0.4 mM to about 0.7 mM of magnesium ions, f. about 1 mM to about 5 mM of alanylglutamine, g. about 0.05 μM to about 0.25 μM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid, or a combination thereof.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 0.1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL of insulin, b. about 1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL of transferrin, c. about 5 nM to about 50 nM of sodium selenite, or a combination thereof.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 8 pg / mL to about 12 pg / mL of insulin, b. about 3 pg / mL to about 7 pg / mL of transferrin, c. about 20 nM to about 40 nM of sodium selenite, or a combination thereof.

12. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 11, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 10 units / mL to about 200 units / mL of penicillin, b. about 0.01 mg / mL to about 1 mg / mL of streptomycin, / nLnfrn / Lznz / q / Yi or a combination thereof.

13. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 11 further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 80 units / mL to about 120 units / mL of penicillin, b. about 0.08 mg / mL to about 0.2 mg / mL of streptomycin, or a combination thereof.

14. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the cells, tissues or organs are human hair follicles, cells derived from human hair follicles or cells derived from urine.

15. A composition, characterized in that it comprises: a. about 0.01 μM to about 0.25 μM of naringenin, b. about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution, c. about 3 mM to about 9 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate, d. about 10 mM to about 15 mM of hydrogen phosphate, e. about 9 mM to about 15 mM of D-glucose, f. about 70 mM to about 90 mM of sodium ions, g. about 0.03 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions, h. about 40 mM to about 60 mM of chloride ions, i. about 2 mM to about 5 mM of potassium ions, j. about 0.4 mM to about 0.7 mM of magnesium ions, k. about 1 mM to about 5 mM of alanyl-glutamine, and l. about 0.05 μM to about 0.25 μM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid, wherein the composition is used for the transport of cells, tissues or organs.

16. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the composition is used for the transport of cells, tissues or organs prior to the cryopreservation of the cells, tissues or organs.

17. A composition, characterized in that it comprises: a. naringenin, b. a buffer system, and c. a sugar component, wherein the composition is used for the cryopreservation of cells, tissues, or organs.

18. The composition according to claim 17, characterized in that the concentration of naringenin is around 0.01 μM to around 10 μM.

19. The composition according to claim 17, characterized in that the concentration of naringenin is about 0.01 μM to about 0.25 μM.

20. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the buffer system comprises: a. about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution, b. about 2 mM to about 20 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate, c. about 6 mM to about 25 mM of hydrogen phosphate, or a combination thereof.

21. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the buffer system comprises: a. about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution, b. about 3 mM to about 9 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate, c. about 10 mM to about 15 mM of hydrogen phosphate, or a combination thereof.

22. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the sugar component comprises approximately 2 mM to approximately 25 mM of D-glucose.

23. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the sugar component comprises approximately 9 mM to approximately 15 mM of D-glucose.

24. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 23, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 20 mM to about 120 mM of sodium ions, b. about 0.01 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions, c. about 10 mM to about 70 mM of chloride ions, d. about 2 mM to about 12 mM of potassium ions, e. about 0.1 mM to about 1 mM of magnesium ions, f. about 0.2 mM to about 10 mM of alanyl-glutamine, g. about 0.01 μM to about 10 μM of (α)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid, or a combination thereof.

25. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 23, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 70 mM to about 90 mM of sodium ions, b. about 0.03 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions, c. about 40 mM to about 60 mM of chloride ions, d. about 2 mM to about 5 mM of potassium ions, e. about 0.4 mM to about 0.7 mM of magnesium ions, f. about 1 mM to about 5 mM of alanyl-glutamine, g. about 0.05 μM to about 0.25 μM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid, or a combination thereof.

26. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 25, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 0.1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL of insulin, b. about 1 pg / mL to about 20 pg / mL of transferrin, c. about 5 nM to about 50 nM of sodium selenite, or a combination thereof.

27. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 26, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 8 pg / mL to about 12 pg / mL of insulin, b. about 3 pg / mL to about 7 pg / mL of transferrin, c. about 20 nM to about 40 nM of sodium selenite, or a combination thereof.

28. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 26, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 10 units / mL to about 200 units / mL of penicillin, b. about 0.01 mg / mL to about 1 mg / mL of streptomycin, or a combination thereof.

29. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 28, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 80 units / mL to about 120 units / mL of penicillin, b. about 0.08 mg / mL to about 0.2 mg / mL of streptomycin, or a combination thereof.

30. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 29, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 0.001 g / mL to about 0.2 g / mL of dextran 40, b. about 10 mM to about 60 mM of sucrose, c. about 0.1% (v / v) to about 20% (v / v) of dimethyl sulfoxide, or a combination thereof.

31. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 29, further characterized in that it comprises: a. about 0.03 g / mL to about 0.07 g / mL of dextran 40, b. about 20 mM to 40 mM of sucrose, c. about 2.5% (v / v) to about 10% (v / v) of dimethyl sulfoxide, or a combination thereof.

32. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 31, characterized in that the cells, tissues, or organs are human hair follicles, cells derived from human hair follicles, or cells derived from urine.

43. A composition, characterized in that it comprises: a. about 0.01 μM to about 0.25 μM of naringenin, b. about 15 mM to about 45 mM of a synthetic biological buffer solution, c. about 3 mM to about 9 mM of hydrogen bicarbonate, d. about 10 mM to about 15 mM of hydrogen phosphate, e. about 9 mM to about 15 mM of D-glucose, f. about 70 mM to about 90 mM of sodium ions, g. about 0.03 mM to about 1 mM of calcium ions, h. around 40 mM to around 60 mM of chloride ions, i. around 2 mM to around 5 mM of potassium ions, j. around 0.4 mM to around 0.7 mM of magnesium ions, k.about 1 mM to about 5 mM of alanyl-glutamine, I. about 0.05 μM to about 0.25 μM of (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid, m. about 0.03 g / mL to about 0.07 g / mL of dextran 40, n. about 20 mM to 40 mM of sucrose, and o. less than about 5% (v / v) of dimethyl sulfoxide, wherein the composition is used for cryopreservation of cells, tissues or organs.

34. The composition according to any of claims 17 to 33, characterized in that the composition is used for the cryopreservation of cells, tissues or organs after cells, tissues or organs have been transported.