CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF A SEARCH SPACE SET USED FOR MONITORING CONTROL CHANNELS.

Abstract

According to certain embodiments, a method carried out by a wireless device comprises monitoring a first set of search spaces for a control channel candidate, receiving an instruction to change the set of search spaces from a network node, and changing the set of search spaces based on receiving the instruction to change the set of search spaces. Changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of the first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate.

Description

CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF A SET OF SEARCH SPACES USED FOR MONITORING CONTROL CHANNELS TECHNICAL FIELD Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to wireless networks and, more particularly, to the switching of a configuration of a set of search spaces used for monitoring control channels. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Mobile broadband will continue to drive demands for high overall traffic capacity and enormous end-user data rates achievable over wireless access networks. Various future scenarios will require data rates of up to 10 Gbps in local areas. These demands for very high system capacity and very high end-user data rates can be met by networks with distances between access nodes ranging from a few meters in indoor deployments to approximately 50 meters in outdoor deployments, with a considerably higher infrastructure density than today's densest networks. This invention refers to such networks as New Radio (NR) systems. NR is currently being studied by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).In addition to traditional licensed dedicated bands, NR systems are also expected to operate in unlicensed bands, especially for enterprise solutions. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi Consideration of numerology and bandwidth for NR Several numerologies are compatible with NR. A numerology is defined by the subcarrier spacing and the cyclic prefix (CP) overhead. Various subcarrier spacings can be derived by scaling a basic subcarrier spacing by an integer 2Λη. The numerology used can be selected independently of the frequency band, although very small subcarrier spacings are not typically used at very high carrier frequencies. It supports user equipment (UE) channel bandwidth and flexible networking. From the perspective of a specification for Radio Access Network 1 (RAN1), the maximum channel bandwidth per NR carrier is 400 MHz in version 15 (Rel15). Note that all details for channel bandwidth, at least up to 100 MHz per NR carrier, must be specified in Rel-15. At least for the single numerology case, the candidates for the maximum number of subcarriers per NR carrier are 3300 or 6600 in Rel-15 from the perspective of the RAN1 specification. NR channel designs should consider the possible future extension of these parameters in later versions, allowing Rel-15 UEs to access the NR network in the same frequency band in subsequent versions. The duration of a subframe is fixed at 1 ms, and the frame length is 10 ms. Scalable numerology must allow at least a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz to 480 kHz. All numerologies with a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and greater, regardless of CP overhead, align at symbol boundaries every 1 ms on the NR carrier. More specifically, for the standard CP family, the following is adopted. • For a subcarrier separation of 15 kHz * 2n (n is a non-negative integer) , The length of each symbol (including CP) of the 15 kHz subcarrier spacing is equal to the sum of the corresponding 2n symbols of the scaled subcarrier spacing. Apart from the first orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol every 0.5 ms, all OFDM symbols within 0.5 ms are the same size The first OFDM symbol at 0.5 ms is 16 Ts longer (assuming 15 kHz and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) size of 2048) compared to other symbols OFDM. 16 Ts is used for CP for the first symbol. • For a subcarrier separation of 15 kHz * 2n (n is a negative integer) Each symbol length (including CP) of the subcarrier separation is equal to the sum of the corresponding 2n symbols of 15 kHz. Multi-channel UL transmission for enhanced LAA (eLAA) The baseline for Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) multi-carrier uplink (UL) operation is the extension of single-carrier operation when the eNB schedules physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions on multiple carriers. The listen-before-you-talk (LBT) type on each carrier is signaled to the UE through the corresponding UL lease. Furthermore, a UE that has received UL grants on a set of carriers scheduled with Cat. 4 LBT with the same subframe start point on all carriers may switch to a 25 ps LBT immediately before transmission on one carrier in the set if Cat. 4 LBT was successfully completed on a designated carrier in the set. The UE must select a carrier uniformly and randomly from among the carriers that were scheduled with Cat. 4 LBT as the designated carrier before initiating the Cat. 4 LBT procedure on any of the carriers in the set. Figure 1 shows that different transport blocks (TBs) are generated for each carrier and subframe when LBT is successful on various channels according to the rules mentioned above. It is clear that the shielding band is available for each carrier. This is due to a limitation of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technology (LTE supports a maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz). Multi-channel UL transmission for Wi-Fi Unlike eLAA, Wi-Fi (such as 802.11η, 802.11ac, etc.) defines a new, wider channel than 20 MHz. As shown in Figure 2, 40 MHz could provide more usable subcarriers than simply aggregating two 20 MHz channels. The benefit comes from two aspects: 1) reduced shielding band and 2) savings in pilot subcarrier overhead. A wider channel could also lead to greater spectrum efficiency. Before transmitting a 40 MHz frame, a station is responsible for ensuring that the entire 40 MHz channel is clear. Clear channel assessment is performed on the primary channel according to the well-established rules for 802.11 channel transmission. Even if a device intends to transmit a 40 MHz frame, the gap limits and timing are based solely on access to the primary channel. The secondary channel must be idle during the gap between priority frames before it can be used as part of a 40 MHz transmission. In Wi-Fi, the UE (Unified Enabler) decides when and how to transmit UL (Ultra-Low) data based on the LBT (Local Band Test) results, i.e., 20 MHz and 40 MHz transmissions. NR broadband operation and LBT bandwidth pieces Similar to NR, NR-U is expected to support wide-bandwidth transmissions, for example, up to several hundred MHz of bandwidth. However, different radio technologies with varying device capabilities could simultaneously share the same spectrum. It is unlikely that a device will detect the entire bandwidth as a free channel, especially under heavy load. Therefore, it is advantageous for NR-U to support dynamically bandwidthed transmissions, where the device can decide which portion(s) of the supported bandwidth to use based on its LBT result. There are two common approaches to using the device in broadband transmissions: carrier aggregation (CA) and single-carrier broadband transmissions. In CA transmissions (similar to LTE-based LAA), the device performs LBT per component carrier (of, for example, 20 MHz), then transmits on each component carrier (CC) where LBT is successful. In single-carrier broadband transmissions, the device performs LBT per piece of LBT bandwidth (of 20 MHz) (also called LBT bandwidth or LBT subband) and aggregates resources from each free piece of LBT bandwidth onto a single shared physical channel (SCH). Figures 3A–3B show an example of broadband operations using CA and a single-system carrier bandwidth of 80 MHz.Different UEs can operate at different maximum bandwidth sizes and transmit with different numbers of resource blocks (RBs) depending on the results of their LBTs. The diagrams in FIGURES 3A-3B consider only a bandwidth of 80 MHz; however, wideband operation can span more than 80 MHz through the configuration of additional component carriers, either 20 MHz or more, and the same principles described above apply. In principle, if a large number of control resource sets (CORESETs) can be configured, then separate CORESETs and search spaces should be configured for different LBT bandwidth segments to ensure the availability of control signaling when at least one LBT bandwidth segment is available. In the example shown in Figure 3B, UE2 needs to monitor both CORESET2 and CORESET3, as the channel may be available only in segment 2 of the LBT bandwidth or only in segment 3. Similarly, UE3 will need to monitor all four CORESETs to obtain its PDCCH. Furthermore, it is undesirable to configure a wide CORESET across LBT bandwidth segments. Either the PDCCH is sandwiched between LBT bandwidth segments, or all PDCCH candidates are located in the available LBT bandwidth segments when part of the channel is occupied.Both result in lost scheduling opportunities. Therefore, there is no fundamental difference between the CA and widebandwidth portion (BWP) approaches in terms of the number of CORESETs and search spaces for the UE to monitor. However, there is a difference, and it concerns the UE's capacity. In 3GPP NR Release 15 (Rel-15), only up to three CORESETs can be configured, which limits the number of frequency domain locations the UE can monitor for the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). NR CORESET configuration Among other things, a resource control set defines (1) the time duration (in OFDM symbols) of the CORESET zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi that determines the time duration occupied by the PDCCH and (2) the frequency domain resources occupied by the PDCCH. The current Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration includes the following: • controlResourceSetld: CORSET ID • FrequencyDomainResources: A bitmap indicating which groups of 6 contiguous PRBs (RB groups) are allocated within a portion of the bandwidth, i.e., the frequency domain resources used for PDCCH. An RB group of 6 physical resource blocks (PRBs) is also called a control channel element (CCE). • duration: the number of OFDM symbols in a CORESET, i.e., the time-domain resources used for PDCCH • [other ...] NR PDCCH SearchSpace Configuration PDCCHs are organized as SearchSpaces, and each searchspace is associated with a CORESET. The current RRC configuration includes the following: • controlResourceSetld: reference to the associated CORESET for the SearchSpace • monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset: intervals for PDCCH monitoring configured as periodicity and offset. • duration: number of consecutive intervals that zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi lasts a search space on each time domain monitoring occasion, i.e., on each period given in periodicityAndOffset. • monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot: Symbols for PDCCH monitoring in slots configured for PDCCH monitoring (see monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset). The most significant bit (left) represents the first OFDM symbol in an interval. • nrofCandidates: number of PDCCH candidates per aggregation level. • searchSpaceType: indicates whether it is a common search space (present) or a UE-specific search space, as well as downlink control information (DCI) formats to be monitored. Configuring the search space for broadband operation As mentioned earlier, NR supports a carrier bandwidth of up to 100 MHz at Rel-15. It is natural for NR-U to support such wideband carriers to increase system capacity. LBT, however, is typically carried out in 20 MHz LBT bandwidth segments (LBT sub-bands), similar to Wi-Fi. When an NR-U base station (a base station is called a gNB in ​​NR) operates with a full bandwidth that spans several LBT bandwidth segments (for example, one LBT bandwidth segment is 20 MHz in a 5 GHz band), the gNB will need to perform LBT across several LBT bandwidth segments. Based on the LBT results, some of the carrier bandwidth may be unavailable due to other systems (for example, Wi-Fi) using the unlicensed channels. Due to the nature of unlicensed spectrum, there is a high probability that multiple radio systems will be active in transmissions, so the NR-U spectrum may only be partially available. With only partial availability of LBT bandwidth pieces (also called LBT bandwidths, LBT subbands, or simply subbands in this document), a mechanism is needed for the gNB to transmit and the UE to decode PDCCH candidates in each subband in order to receive scheduled data transmissions in those available subbands. One approach is to configure a CORESET and search spaces associated with that CORESET per subband. However, as mentioned earlier, in Rel-15, there is a limit on the number of CORSETS that can be configured per service cell (carrier) (Rel-15 only supports a maximum of 3 per carrier). Therefore, an alternative mechanism is needed to configure PDCCH candidates in all subbands of a broadband carrier. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi An example of such an alternative mechanism is the following. In the current NR specifications, a UE supports up to 3 CORESETs per BWP. To support a very wide BWP available in the unlicensed band (up to 160 MHz or 320 MHz), the current limit of 3 CORESETs presents a significant obstacle for NR-U to use the wide spectrum efficiently. PDCCH search spaces for different LBT bandwidth segments (subbands) can be configured by performing a frequency domain translation of a CORESET defined for an LBT bandwidth segment. As a non-limiting example in FIGURE 4 and FIGURE 5, PDCCH search spaces for different LBT bandwidth segments can be configured by performing a frequency domain translation of a CORESET defined for an LBT bandwidth segment. PDCCH SearchSpace1 for LBT bandwidth segment 1 can be configured based on existing NR specifications. PDCCH SearchSpace2, SearchSpace3, and SearchSpace4 for segments 2, 3, and 4 of the LBT bandwidth are configured by adding a new frequency offset field to the SearchSpace RRC configuration. • CORESET with frequency resources located within the LBT bandwidth piece (sub-band) 1. • PDCCH SearchSpace1 for LBT bandwidth piece zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi (subband) 1 can be configured according to existing NR specifications. PDCCH SearchSpace1, SearchSpace3, and SearchSpace4 for LBT bandwidth pieces 2, 3, and 4 require changes to the NR specifications. Or, as an example, PDCCH SearchSpace2 can be configured for the LBT 2 bandwidth piece by adding a new frequency offset field for NR-U SearchSpace in the RRC configuration: monitoringFrequencyOffset: Frequency offset to move the CORESET to a new frequency location This frequency offset can be in 6 RB units (as used in the CORESET definition). This frequency offset can be in RB or RGB units to allow fine-tuning of SearchSpace locations. PDCCH SearchSpace3 and SearchSpace4 for the bandwidth portions of LBT 3 and 4 can be configured similarly. • As another example, PDCCH SearchSpace1, SearchSpace2, SearchSpace3, and SearchSpace4 for LBT bandwidth pieces 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be configured using a new monitoring LBT bandwidth piece bitmap in the RRC configuration: zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi O monitoringLBPsWithinBWP: LBT bandwidth pieces for PDCCH monitoring in the BWP configured for PDCCH monitoring. Each bit corresponding to PDCCH monitoring in the corresponding LBT bandwidth piece. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi EU energy saving mechanisms The previous designs for a UE to search for potential PDCCHs in several different LBT subbands are only necessary for the initial part of a gNB's channel occupancy time (COT). This is because the gNB and the UEs do not know in advance which LBT subband(s) will successfully complete the LBT procedure. Once the gNB finishes the LBT procedure and knows where the available subbands are, it will be desirable for the UEs to reduce the number of PDCCH monitoring locations to decrease power consumption after the initial part of a gNB COT. Similar to the multiple monitoring locations in the frequency domain, it is also beneficial in the initial part of a gNB COT for the UEs to search for potential PDCCHs at various time locations (in addition to the beginning of an interval). This allows the gNB to begin transmitting user data to the UEs as soon as the LBT procedure is successfully completed. This is illustrated in Figure 6. As discussed in the previous paragraph, it is also desirable for the gNB to instruct the UE to switch to less frequent PDCCH monitoring patterns in a timely manner to achieve power savings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Currently, certain challenges exist. For example, there is a need to design a unifying mechanism to instruct the EU to monitor potential PDCCHs among: • Frequent PDCCH monitoring (mini-interval based) at the beginning of a COT versus less frequent monitoring (interval based) for the remainder of the COT; • Multiple monitoring locations are multiple sub-bands at the beginning of a COT versus a single monitoring location for the rest of the COT. Certain aspects of the present invention and its embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. For example, certain embodiments of the present invention provide solutions that include one or more of the following features: • Configuring interchangeable properties of a set of search spaces; • Mechanisms for organizing and using multiple sets of interchangeable search spaces; • Mechanisms for organizing and using various groups of interchangeable search spaces; • Duration of the validity of a zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi set monitoring of non-default switchable search spaces; • Setting the maximum time period for a non-default switchable search space set. There are, as proposed in this document, several modalities that address one or more of the problems described in this document. According to certain embodiments, a method carried out by a wireless device comprises monitoring a first set of search spaces for a control channel candidate, receiving an instruction to change the set of search spaces from a network node, and changing the set of search spaces based on receiving the instruction to change the set of search spaces. Changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of the first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate. According to certain modalities, a computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out a method comprising monitoring a first set of search spaces for a control channel candidate, receiving an instruction to change the set of search spaces from a network node, and changing the set of search spaces based on the receipt of the instruction to change the set of search spaces. Changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of the first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate. According to certain modalities, a computer program product comprises a computer program. The computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out any method comprising monitoring a first set of search spaces for a control channel candidate, receiving a signal to change the set of search spaces from a network node, and changing the set of search spaces based on receiving the signal to change the set of search spaces. Changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of the first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate. According to certain modalities, a non-transient, computer-readable medium stores instructions that, when executed by a computer, carry out a method comprising monitoring a first set of search spaces for a control channel candidate, receiving an instruction to change the search space set zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi from a network node, and changing the search space set based on the receipt of the instruction to change the search space set. Changing the search space set comprises stopping the monitoring of the first search space set and starting to monitor a second search space set for the control channel candidate. According to certain models, a wireless device comprises an operational memory for storing instructions and an operational processing circuit for executing those instructions. Instruction execution involves the wireless device monitoring a first set of search spaces for a control channel candidate, receiving a signal to change the set of search spaces (the signal is received from a network node), and changing the set of search spaces based on the received signal. To change the set of search spaces, the operational processing circuit stops monitoring the first set of search spaces and begins monitoring a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate. Each of the methods, computer programs, computer program products, non-transient computer-readable media and / or zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi wireless devices described above may include other suitable features, such as one or more of the following features: In some modes, the instruction to change the set of search spaces is received in a field in a common DCI format of qrupo. In some modes, after a predetermined period, the search space set is switched to stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and begin monitoring the first set. For example, in some modes, the predetermined period is received in a network node indication. In some modes, the predetermined period indication is received in a time duration field in a common group DCI format. Some modes initiate a timer based on the start of monitoring the second set of search spaces and switch the search space set based on the timer's expiration. Switching the search space set involves ceasing monitoring the second set of search spaces and beginning to monitor the first set. In some modes, a timer value is received from the network node. In some modes, the timer value is received via a zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi radio resource control configuration message from the network node. Some modalities receive search space set group information from the network node. The search space set group information indicates a plurality of search space sets and, for each search space set, a group identifier associated with that set. Some modalities determine the first and second search space sets based on this search space set group information. The first search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a first value, and the second search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a second value. In some modes, the instruction to change the set of search spaces is received in a group identifier field of a common group DCI format, with the group identifier field indicating either the first or second value for the group identifier. Some modalities begin monitoring the first set of search spaces based on receiving group information of search space sets from the network node. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi In some modes, search space set group information is received via a radio resource control configuration message from the network node. In some modes, the first set of search spaces is configured as a default set of search spaces, and the second set of search spaces is configured as a non-default set of search spaces. According to some embodiments, a method carried out by a network node involves sending a signal to a wireless device. The signal indicates a change in the set of search spaces that the wireless device monitors for a control channel candidate. Changing the set of search spaces involves stopping the monitoring of a first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate. According to some embodiments, a computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out a method involving sending a signal to a wireless device. The signal indicates changing a set of search spaces that the wireless device monitors for a control channel candidate. Changing the set of search spaces comprises ceasing monitoring of a first set of search spaces and beginning to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate. According to certain modalities, a computer program product comprises a computer program. The computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out a method comprising sending a signal to a wireless device. The signal indicates changing a set of search spaces that the wireless device monitors for a control channel candidate. Changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of a first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate. According to certain modalities, a non-transient, computer-readable medium stores instructions that, when executed by a computer, carry out a method comprising sending a signal to a wireless device. The signal indicates changing a set of search spaces that the wireless device monitors for a control channel candidate. Changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of a first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi. According to certain configurations, a network node comprises an operational memory for storing instructions and an operational processing circuit for executing those instructions. Instruction execution causes the network node to send a signal to a wireless device. This signal indicates a change in the set of search spaces that the wireless device monitors for a control channel candidate. Changing the set of search spaces involves stopping the monitoring of a first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate. Each of the methods, computer programs, computer program products, non-transient computer-readable media, and / or network nodes described above may include other suitable features, such as one or more of the following features: Some modes send a control channel to the wireless device through the first set of search spaces before sending the wireless device the instruction to change the set of search spaces. Some modes send a control channel to the wireless device through the second set of search spaces after sending the wireless zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi device the indication to change the set of search spaces. In some modalities, the instruction to change the set of search spaces is sent in a field in a common group DCI format. Some modes send the wireless device an indication of a predetermined period after which the wireless device must stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and begin monitoring the first set of search spaces. In some modes, the indication of the predetermined period is sent in a time duration field in a common group DCI format. Some modes send the wireless device a timer value that the device uses to determine when to stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and begin monitoring the first set of search spaces. In some modes, the timer value is sent to the wireless device via a radio resource control configuration message. Some modes send search space set group information to the wireless device. Search space set group information indicates a plurality of search space sets and, for each search space set, a group identifier associated with that search space set. The first search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a first value, and the second search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a second value. In some modes, search space set group information is sent to the wireless device via a radio resource control configuration message.In some modes, the instruction to change the set of search spaces is sent in a group identifier field of a common group DCI format, and the group identifier field indicates either the first or second value for the group identifier. In some modes, the first set of search spaces is configured as a default set of search spaces, and the second set of search spaces is configured as a non-default set of search spaces. Certain modes may provide one or more of the following technical advantages. For example, certain modes facilitate improved COT monitoring. Certain modes may improve UE energy savings. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a more complete understanding of the described modalities and their characteristics and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken together with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIGURE 1 illustrates examples of multichannel UL transmission in eLAA. FIGURE 2 illustrates the 20 MHz and 40 MHz channel for 802.11η. FIGURES 3A-3B illustrate AC broadband and single-carrier transmissions. FIGURE 4 illustrates several SearchSpaces configured from a CORESET. FIGURE 5 illustrates frequency domain (FD) monitoring locations within a search space configured by a frequency domain translation (offset) of the CORESET. FIGURE 6 illustrates an example of NR-U PDSCH and PDCCH transmissions and UE PDCCH monitoring. FIGURE 7 illustrates an example of a wireless network according to some modalities. FIGURE 8 illustrates an example of user equipment according to some modalities. FIGURE 9 illustrates an example of a virtualization environment according to some modalities. FIGURE 10 illustrates an example of a telecommunications network connected through an intermediate network to a main computer according to some modalities. FIGURE 11 illustrates an example of a computer communicating through a base station with a user computer via a partially wireless connection according to some modalities. FIGURE 12 illustrates example methods implemented in a communication system that includes a main computer, a base station, and user equipment according to some modalities. FIGURE 13 illustrates example methods implemented in a communication system that includes a main computer, a base station, and user equipment according to some modalities. FIGURE 14 illustrates example methods implemented in a communication system that includes a main computer, a base station, and user equipment according to some modalities. FIGURE 15 illustrates example methods implemented in a communication system that includes a main computer, a base station, and user equipment according to some modalities. FIGURE 16 illustrates an example of a method carried out by a wireless device according to some modalities. FIGURE 17 illustrates an example virtualization apparatus according to some modalities. FIGURE 18 illustrates an example of a method carried out by a wireless device according to some modalities. FIGURE 19 illustrates an example of a method carried out by a network node according to some modalities. FIGURES 20 and 21 each illustrate an example of an RRC signage design. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In general, all terms used in this document should be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or implied from the context in which they are used. All references to an element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., should be clearly interpreted as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any of the methods described in this document do not have to be carried out in the exact order described, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and / or where it is implied that one step should follow or precede another. Any feature of any of the modalities described in this document may be applied to any other modality, where appropriate.Furthermore, any advantage of any of the modalities can be applied to any other modality, and vice versa. Other objectives, characteristics, and advantages of the attached modalities will become clear from the following description. Some of the modalities covered in this document will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, while other modalities are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be interpreted as being limited solely to the modalities set forth in this document; rather, these modalities are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art. Mode #1 (Add a switchable property to the search space set configuration) In the current NR specifications, a UE must monitor potential PDCCH candidates in a set of search spaces when that set of search spaces is configured by the gNB. According to the first method, a new switchable property, zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi, can be added to a search space set configuration. The SwitchableMonitoring field indicates that the search space set can be disabled via network signaling. • If the value is set to the default, the search space set is monitored by default. Search space set monitoring can be disabled using network signaling. • If the value is not the default, the set of search spaces is not monitored until the network indicates it. For a search space set without the SwitchableMonitoring field, a UE must monitor the search space set. Figure 20 shows a non-limiting example of an RRC signaling design. Note that the parameters FrequencyDomainMonitoringLocations and FreqOffset allow multiple monitoring occasions in the frequency domain, increasing the multiple monitoring occasions in the time domain (monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot) already supported in Rel15. Description of the SearchSpace field switchableMonitoring zeoenn / zznz / B / YiAi The field indicates that the set of search spaces can be disabled by network signaling. • If the value is set to the default value, the set of search spaces is monitored by default. • If the value is not the default, the set of search spaces is not monitored until the network indicates it. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi Mode #2 (switchable search space set group) According to the second mode, all 5 sets of search spaces configured in a UE with a switchableMonitoring field form a group of switchable search space sets. According to an additional mode, a UE configured with a group of 10 switchable search space sets will monitor one search space set from the group of switchable search space sets. A UE is not expected to be configured with more than one search space set within the group of switchable search space sets with its 15 switchableMonitoring field set by default. The sets of switchable search spaces within a group of sets of switchable search spaces are ordered and indexed by the searchSpacelDs of those sets of switchable search spaces. Network signaling is provided to instruct the UE to switch PDCCH monitoring to a specific set of switchable search spaces within the group of switchable search space sets. One non-limiting example of signaling is through the search space monitoring index field on a common group PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) located in a common search space. When such signaling is used, all UEs receiving the common group PDCCH switch their search space sets according to the monitoring field index on the GC-PDCCH. The details of the configured search space set corresponding to the signaled monitoring field index may differ for different UEs. Other possible methods include instructing the UE to switch PDCCH monitoring to a specific set of search spaces within the group of switchable search space sets via UE-specific PDCCH, MAC-CE, or by RRC reconfiguration. As a non-limiting example, the signaling may comprise a bitmap where one or more bits set in the bitmap refer to specific switchable search space sets within the group of switchable search space sets. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi As a non-limiting example, a UE is configured with five sets of UE-specific switchable search spaces (SSSS): • SSSSO is a set of mini-interval-based search spaces with several frequency domain monitoring locations that can be used for the initial part of a gNB COT, where a mini-interval refers to the Type B PDSCH / PUSCH mapping that occupies a subset of the 14 OFDM symbols within an interval. O SearchSpaceld = 5 O FrequencyDomainMonitoringLocations is set to {0, 02, 03, 04} where 02, 03 and 04 are the frequency offsets or may correspond to the frequency offsets that translate the CCEs in the CORESET associated with different LBT subbands as illustrated in FIGURE 4 and FIGURE 5. The monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot is set to 1001000 1000000, which means the UE should monitor PDCCH candidates starting at OS #0, #3, and #7. Or SwitchableMonitoring is configured by default. • SSSS1 is a set of interval-based search spaces located in LBT sub-band #1 that can be used after the initial part of a gNB COT. Or SearchSpaceld = 6 zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi FrequencyDomainMonitoringLocations is not configured, which means CORESET is used without frequency offset. The monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot is set to 1000000 0000000, which means the UE should monitor PDCCH candidates starting at OS #0 only. Or SwitchableMonitoring is set to non-default. • SSSS2 is a set of interval-based search spaces located in LBT subband #2 that can be used after the initial part of a gNB COT. O searchSpaceld = 7 O FrequencyDomainMonitoringLocations is set to 02, so that the PDCCH candidates are all located in the LBT subband #2. The monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot is set to 1000000 0000000, which means the UE will need to monitor PDCCH candidates starting at OS #0 only. Or SwitchableMonitoring is set to non-default. • SSSS3 is a set of interval-based search spaces located in LBT subband #3 that can be used after the initial part of a gNB COT. Or SearchSpaceld = 8 zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi FrequencyDomainMonitoringLocations is set to 03, so that the PDCCH candidates are all located in LBT subband #3. The monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot is set to 1000000 0000000, which means the UE should monitor PDCCH candidates starting at OS #0 only. Or SwitchableMonitoring is set to non-default. • SSSS4 is a set of interval-based search spaces located in LBT sub-band #4 that can be used after the initial part of a gNB COT. O SearchSpaceld = 9 O FrequencyDomainMonitoringLocations is set to 04, so that the PDCCH candidates are all located in the LBT #4 subband. The monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot is set to 1000000 0000000, which means the UE should monitor PDCCH candidates starting at OS #0 only. Or SwitchableMonitoring is set to non-default. For this example, the group of interchangeable search space sets consists of search space sets #5, #6, #7, #8, and #9. The interchangeable search space sets can be indexed by three bits in a GC-PDCCH, UE-specific PDCCH, MAC CE, or RRC configuration message with the value 000 to indicate search space set #5, 001 to indicate search space set #6, 010 to indicate search space set #7, 011 to indicate search space set #8, and 100 to indicate search space set #9. As another non-limiting example, a UE is configured with the UE-specific switchable search space sets described above, except that SSSS1 is configured as the default switchable search space set instead of SSSS0. This type of configuration is suitable for an operating environment with mostly low loads, so interval-based monitoring in one subband is sufficient most of the time. When the load increases substantially, the network can instruct the UEs to switch to more frequent / dense monitoring or to different subbands temporarily. In another non-limiting example, the UE can be configured with a default search space that has only one monitoring occasion per interval but has multiple monitoring occasions in the frequency domain. Mode #3 This mode is similar to mode #2 with the following differences. Several search space sets within the zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi switchable search space set group may have their switchableMonitoring field set to the default value. All of these search space sets are monitored unless explicitly disabled by the network. Signaling can indicate whether each of the search space sets in the group of switchable search space sets can be individually disabled. As a non-limiting example of signaling, for the group of switchable search space sets described in Mode 2, signaling can be implemented using a 5-bit bitmap, with the bits corresponding to the search space sets being 5-9. When the bit corresponding to a search space set is 0, it is not monitored; when it is 1, it is monitored. Such a bitmap can be provided by a common group PDCCH configuration, a UE-specific PDCCH, a MAC CE, or an RRC. Mode #4 (multiple groups of switchable search space sets) Depending on the mode, the network can configure several groups of switchable search space sets for a UE. According to an additional mode, a UE configured with multiple groups of switchable search space sets will monitor one (default) search space set from each of the multiple groups of switchable search space sets. For each of the multiple groups of switchable search space sets, a UE is not expected to be configured with more than one search space set with its switchableMonitoring field set to the default. The sets of switchable search spaces within each group of sets of switchable search spaces are ranked and indexed by the searchSpacelds of those sets of switchable search spaces. Network signaling is provided to instruct the UE to switch PDCCH monitoring to a specific set of switchable search spaces within a group of switchable search space sets. One non-limiting example of signaling is through a common group PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) located in a common search space. A field is provided for each group of switchable search space sets. The same sub-modalities of Modality #2 related to signaling mechanisms also apply to this modality (UE-specific PDCCH, MAC-CE, RRC, bitmap). zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi Mode #5 (multiple groups of switchable search space sets with multiple default search space sets) This mode is similar to mode #4 with the following differences. Multiple search space sets within each of the switchable search space set groups can have their switchableMonitoring field set to the default value. All of these search space sets are monitored unless explicitly disabled by the network. Signaling can indicate whether each search space set within each group of switchable search space sets can be individually disabled. Such signaling can be provided via a bitmap for each group of switchable search space sets, as described in Mode 3. These bitmaps can be provided using a common group PDCCH configuration, a UE-specific PDCCH, a MAC CE, or an RRC. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi Mode #6 (switching between several groups of search space sets) According to this modality, the network can configure several groups of search space sets for a UE. The group of search space sets described for Modality 2 is a non-limiting example of such a group of search space sets. Only one of these search space set groups is designated as the default search space set group; the other groups are not. Signaling via GC-PDCCH, a UE-specific PDCCH, a MAC CE configuration, or an RRC can select one of the search space set groups for monitoring. When a group of search space sets is signaled to the UE to be monitored, all search space sets within the signaled group are monitored. In a non-limiting example, the group of search space sets includes all search spaces that are monitored by the UE at any given time, including all common and UE-specific search spaces. In a variation of this mode, several groups of search space sets can be labeled as the default search space set group, and signaling can individually turn each of these groups on or off. Mode 7 (validity period for changing the set of search spaces) zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi For modes 2-6, a validity period is provided for each group of switchable search space sets in the signaling network for search space set monitoring switching. The validity period indicates the duration for which the UEs will monitor the specified switchable search space set within the search space set group after receiving an indication to monitor it. After this duration, the UEs will monitor the default switchable search space set within the group. As a non-limiting example, a validity period in interval units is included as a field in the GCPDCCH. Other options include indicating the validity period in EU-specific PDCCH or MAC-CE, or configuring this value through RRC signaling. Mode 8 (timer period for switchable search space set) For modes 1 through 6, a maximum timer period can be configured for a non-default switchable search space set. The UE does not monitor a non-default switchable search space set zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi until instructed to do so by the network. Furthermore, once instructed to monitor a non-default switchable search space set, the UE will start a timer and resume monitoring the set of five default switchable search spaces in the switchable search space set group once the timer reaches or exceeds the maximum timer period. As an exemplary, non-limiting modality, the maximum timer period is in terms of the number of intervals. FIGURE 21 shows a non-limiting example of an RRC signaling design. Descriptions of the SearchSpace switchableMonitoring field The field indicates that the set of search spaces can be disabled by network signaling. • If the value is set to the default value, the set of search spaces is monitored by default. • If the value is not the default, the search space set is not monitored until instructed by the network. Additionally, a maximum timer value in interval units is provided to indicate the duration of monitoring the search space set without further network signaling. Each time the network instructs the UE zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi to monitor the search space set, the zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi timer is reset. Mode #9 (switching between multiple sets of search spaces or multiple groups of search space sets without default values) Under this mode, any of the above modes are configured without setting any search space set as a default search space set. The UE simply follows the last successfully received instruction for the search space set or group of search space sets to monitor. The network can ensure robustness in cases where the UE does not correctly receive the signaling indicating search space sets or groups of search space sets by appropriately configuring search space sets. For example, all configured search space set groups can have a subset of search space sets within the groups that are identical across all configured search space set groups. These search space sets can be used as a backup to communicate with the UE when the UEs do not correctly receive the signaling indicating the search space sets, thus ensuring robustness. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi Example network Although the subject matter described in this document can be implemented in any appropriate system using any suitable component, the modalities described herein are described in relation to a wireless network, such as the example wireless network illustrated in Figure 7. For simplicity, the wireless network in Figure 7 represents only network 106, network nodes 160 and 160b, and wireless devices (WDs) 110, 110b, and 110c. In practice, a wireless network may also include any additional elements suitable for supporting communication between wireless devices or between a wireless device and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, a service provider, or any other network node or end device. Of the components illustrated, network node 160 and wireless device (WD) 110 are shown in additional detail.The wireless network can provide communication and other types of services to one or more wireless devices to facilitate access by wireless devices and / or the use of services provided by, or through, the wireless network. The wireless network can encompass and / or interact with any type of communication, telecommunications, data, cellular, and / or radio network, or other similar system. In some configurations, the wireless network can be configured to operate according to specific standards or other predefined rules or procedures. Therefore, particular wireless network configurations can implement communication standards such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), the Universal System for Mobile Telecommunications (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / or other 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards such as IEEE 802.11; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as worldwide interoperability standards for microwave access (WiMAX), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, and / or ZigBee. The 106 network may comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet data networks, optical networks, wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices. The 160 Network Node and the WD 110 comprise several components, which are described in more detail below. These components work together to provide network node and / or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network. In different configurations, the wireless network may comprise any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, repeater stations, and / or any other component or system that can facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals, whether through wired or wireless connections. As currently used, a network node refers to equipment capable of being configured, arranged, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device and / or other network nodes or equipment on the wireless network to enable and / or provide wireless access to the wireless device and / or to perform other functions (e.g., management) on the wireless network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, B-nodes, evolved B-nodes (eNBs), and NR B-nodes (gNBs)). Base stations may be classified according to the amount of coverage they provide (or, in other words, their transmit power level) and may also be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations.A base station can be a relay node or a relay donor node that controls a relay. A network node can also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station, such as centralized digital units (Zeoenn / ZZNZ / E / YiAi) and / or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes called remote radio heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna, such as an integrated radio antenna. The parts of a distributed radio base station can also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).Other examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio equipment (MSRs) such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmit points, transmit nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs), operations and maintenance (O&M) nodes, operations support system (OSS) nodes, self-optimizing network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., evolved mobile service location centers, ESMLCs), and / or minimizing test drives (MDT). As another example, a network node can be a virtual network node, as described in more detail below.However, more generally, network nodes can represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to enable and / or provide a wireless device with access to the wireless network or to provide some service to a wireless device that has accessed the wireless network. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi In FIGURE 7, network node 160 includes processing circuitry 170, device-readable medium 180, interface 190, auxiliary equipment 184, power supply 186, power circuitry 187, and antenna 162. Although the network node 160 illustrated in the example wireless network of FIGURE 7 may represent a device that includes the illustrated combination of hardware components, other configurations may comprise network nodes with different combinations of components. It should be understood that a network node comprises any suitable combination of hardware and / or software necessary to perform the tasks, features, functions, and methods described herein.Furthermore, while the components of network node 160 are represented as individual boxes located within a larger box, or nested within several boxes, in practice, a network node may comprise several different physical components that form a single illustrated component (e.g., device-readable media 180 may comprise several separate hard drives as well as several RAM modules). Similarly, network node 160 can be composed of several physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and an RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), each of which may have its own respective components. In certain scenarios where network node 160 comprises several separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components may be shared among multiple network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique pair of NodeB and RNC may, in some cases, be considered a single, separate network node. In some configurations, network node 160 can be configured to support various radio access technologies (RATs).In such configurations, some components may be duplicated (for example, a separate device-readable medium 180 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (for example, RATs may share the same antenna 162). The network node 160 may also include multiple sets of the various components illustrated for different wireless technologies integrated into the network node 160, such as GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated on the same chip, on a different chipset, or on other components within the network node 160. The processing circuit 170 is configured to perform any determination, calculation, or similar operation (e.g., certain retrieval operations) described herein as provided by a network node. These operations performed by the processing circuit 170 may include processing the information obtained by the processing circuit 170, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained or converted information with information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained or converted information, and as a result of such processing, making a determination. The processing circuit 170 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field-programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and / or coded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other components of the network node 160, such as the device-readable medium 180, the functionality of the network node 160. For example, the processing circuit 170 may execute instructions stored on the device-readable medium 180 or in memory within the processing circuit 170. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein.In some configurations, the 170 processing circuit may include a system-on-a-chip (SoC). In some modes, the zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi processing circuit 170 may include one or more radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuits 172 and baseband processing circuits 174. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuits 172 and the baseband processing circuits 174 may be on separate chips (or chipsets), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the RF transceiver circuits 172 and the baseband processing circuits 174 may be on the same chip or chipset, board, or unit. In certain configurations, some or all of the functions described herein provided by a network node, base station, eNB, or other similar network device may be performed by the processing circuit 170 by executing instructions stored on the device-readable medium 180 or in memory within the processing circuit 170. In alternative configurations, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuit 170 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable medium, such as via hardwired operation. In either configuration, whether or not instructions stored on a device-readable storage medium are executed, the processing circuit 170 may be configured to perform the described functionality.The benefits provided by this functionality are not limited to the processing circuit 170 alone or to other components of the network node 160, but are enjoyed by the network node 160 as a whole and / or end users and the wireless network in general. Device-readable medium 180 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory, including, but not limited to, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk drive), removable storage media (e.g., a flash drive, a compact disc (CD), or a digital video disc (DVD)), and / or any other non-volatile, non-transient, computer-readable and / or executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that can be used by the processing circuitry 170. Device-readable medium 180 may store any suitable instruction, data, or information, including a computer program, software, or an application that includes one or more logic, rules, code, tables, etc.and / or other instructions that can be executed by the processing circuit 170 and used by the network node 160. The device-readable medium 180 can be used to store any calculations carried out by the processing circuit 170 and / or any data received through the interface 190. In some modes, the processing circuit 170 and the device-readable medium 180 can be considered integrated. Interface 190 is used for wired or wireless signaling and / or data communication between network node 160, network 106, and / or WDs 110. As illustrated, interface 190 comprises port(s) / terminal(s) 194 for sending and receiving data, for example, to and from network 106 via a wired connection. Interface 190 also includes a radio front-end circuit 192 that may be coupled to, or in certain configurations be part of, the antenna 162. The radio front-end circuit 192 comprises filters 198 and amplifiers 196. The radio front-end circuit 192 may be connected to the antenna 162 and processing circuit 170. The radio front-end circuit may be configured to condition the signals communicated between the antenna 162 and the processing circuit 170. The radio front-end circuit 192 may receive digital data to be sent to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection.The radio front-end circuit 192 can convert digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 198 and / or amplifiers 196. The radio signal can then be transmitted through antenna 162. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 162 can collect radio signals that are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuit 192. The digital data can then be passed to the processing circuit 170. In other configurations, the interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components. In certain alternative configurations, network node 160 may not include a separate radio front-end circuit 192; instead, processing circuit 170 may comprise a radio front-end circuit and may be connected to antenna 162 without a separate radio front-end circuit 192. Similarly, in some configurations, all or some of the RF transceiver circuits 172 may be considered part of interface 190. In other configurations, interface 190 may include one or more ports or terminals 194, radio front-end circuits 192, and RF transceiver circuits 172, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and interface 190 may communicate with baseband processing circuit 174, which is part of a digital unit (not shown). Antenna 162 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. Antenna 162 can be coupled to the radio front-end circuit 190 and can be any type of antenna capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data and / or signals. In some configurations, antenna 162 may comprise one or more omnidirectional, sector, or panel antennas operable to transmit / receive radio signals between, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omnidirectional antenna can be used to transmit / receive radio signals in any direction, a sector antenna can be used to transmit / receive radio signals from devices within a particular area, and a panel antenna can be a line-of-sight antenna used to transmit / receive radio signals in a relatively straight line. In some cases, the use of more than one antenna may be referred to as MIMO.In certain configurations, antenna 162 may be separate from network node 160 and may be connected to network node 160 via an interface or port. Antenna 162, interface 190, and / or processing circuit 170 can be configured to perform any receive operation and / or certain acquisition operations described herein as performed by a network node. Any information, data, and / or signals can be received from a wireless device, another network node, and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna 162, interface 190, and / or processing circuit 170 can be configured to perform any transmit operation described herein as performed by a network node. Any information, data, and / or signals can be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node, and / or any other network equipment. Power circuit 187 may comprise, or be coupled to, a power management circuit and is configured to supply power to the network node 160 components to perform the functionality described herein. Power circuit 187 may receive power from power source 186. Power source 186 and / or power circuit 187 may be configured to provide power to the various network node 160 components in a manner suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current required by each respective component). Power source 186 may be included within or external to power circuit 187 and / or network node 160.For example, network node 160 can be connected to an external power source (e.g., a power outlet) via an input circuit or interface such as an electrical cable, where the external power source supplies power to power circuit 187. As another example, power source 186 can comprise a power source in the form of a battery or battery pack that is connected to or integrated into power circuit 187. The battery can provide backup power in the event of a failure of the external power source. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, can also be used. Alternative configurations of the 160 network node may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 7. These components may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the network node's functionality, including any of the functions described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the 160 network node may include user interface equipment to allow information to be entered into the 160 network node and to allow information to be output from the 160 network node. This may allow a user to perform diagnostics, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the 160 network node. As used herein, wireless device (WD) refers to a device capable, configured, arranged, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise specified, the term WD may be used herein interchangeably with user equipment (UE). Wireless communication may involve the transmission and / or reception of wireless signals by means of electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for transmitting information through the air. In some modalities, a WD may be configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For example, a WD may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to network requests.Examples of a WD include, but are not limited to, a smartphone, a mobile phone, a cell phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless camera, a gaming console or device, a music storage device, a playback device, a handheld terminal device, a wireless terminal, a mobile station, a tablet, a laptop computer, laptop embedded equipment (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), a smart device, customer premises wireless equipment (CPE), a vehicle mounted wireless terminal device, etc. (V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), and in this case, it may be referred to as a D2D communication device.As another specific example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a WD can represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another WD and / or a network node. The WD in this case can be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which in a 3GPP context might be called an MTC device. As a particular example, the WD could be a UE implementing the 3GPP Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) standard. Specific examples of such machines or devices include sensors, measuring devices such as energy meters, industrial machinery, household appliances (e.g., refrigerators, televisions, etc.), and personal wearable devices (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.).In other scenarios, a WD may represent a vehicle or other equipment capable of monitoring and / or reporting its operational status or other functions associated with its operation. A WD as described above may represent the endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may be called a wireless terminal. Additionally, a WD as described above may be mobile, in which case it may also be called a mobile device or mobile terminal. As illustrated, the WD 110 wireless device includes the antenna 111, interface 114, processing circuit 120, device-readable medium 130, user interface equipment 132, auxiliary equipment 134, power supply 136, and power circuit 137. The WD 110 may include various assemblies of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by the WD 110, such as GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth, to name a few. These wireless technologies may be integrated on chips or chipsets that are the same as or different from other components within the WD 110. Antenna 111 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals, and is connected to interface 114. In certain alternative configurations, antenna 111 may be separate from WD 110 and connected to WD 110 via an interface or port. Antenna 111, interface 114, and / or processing circuitry 120 may be configured to perform any receive or transmit operation described herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, data, and / or signals may be received from a network node and / or another WD. In some configurations, the radio front-end circuitry and / or antenna 111 may be considered an interface. As illustrated, interface 114 comprises a radio front-end circuit 112 and an antenna 111. The radio front-end circuit 112 comprises one or more filters 118 and amplifiers 116. The radio front-end circuit 114 is connected to the antenna 111 and the processing circuit 120, and is configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna 111 and the processing circuit 120. The radio front-end circuit 112 may be coupled to or form part of the antenna 111. In some embodiments, WD 110 may not include a separate radio front-end circuit 112. Rather, the processing circuit 120 may comprise a radio front-end circuit and may be connected to the antenna 111. Similarly, in some modalities, some or all of the RF transceiver circuits 122 may be considered part of the interface 114.The radio front-end circuit 112 can receive digital data to be sent to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuit 112 can convert the digital data into a radio signal with the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 118 and / or amplifiers 116. The radio signal can then be transmitted via antenna 111. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 111 can collect radio signals that are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuit 112. The digital data can then be passed to the processing circuit 120. In other configurations, the interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components. The processing circuit 120 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field-programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and / or coded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other components of the WD 110, such as the device-readable medium 130, the functionality of the WD 110. Such functionality may include the provision of any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein. For example, the processing circuit 120 may execute instructions stored on the device-readable medium 130 or in memory within the processing circuit 120 to provide the functionality described herein. As illustrated, the processing circuit 120 includes one or more RF transceiver circuits 122, baseband processing circuits 124, and application processing circuits 126. In other embodiments, the processing circuits may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components. In certain embodiments, the processing circuit 120 of the WD 110 may comprise a System-on-a-Chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuit 122, the baseband processing circuit 124, and the application processing circuit 126 may be on separate chips or chipsets. In alternative embodiments, part or all of the baseband processing circuit 124 and the application processing circuit 126 may be combined on one chip or chipset, and the RF transceiver circuit 122 may be on a separate chip or chipset.In still alternative configurations, part or all of the RF transceiver circuit 122 and the baseband processing circuit 124 may be on the same chip or chipset, and the application processing circuit 126 may be on a separate chip or chipset. In still other alternative configurations, part or all of the RF transceiver circuit 122, the baseband processing circuit 124, and the application processing circuit 126 may be combined on the same chip or chipset. In some configurations, the RF transceiver circuit 122 may be part of the interface 114. The RF transceiver circuit 122 may condition the RF signals for the processing circuit 120. In certain embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein performed by a WD may be provided by the processing circuit 120 executing instructions stored on the device-readable medium 130, which in certain embodiments may be a computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuit 120 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hardwired manner. In either of these particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuit 120 may be configured to perform the described functionality.The benefits provided by this functionality are not limited to the 120 processing circuit alone or other components of the WD 110, but are enjoyed by the WD 110 as a whole and / or end users and the wireless network in general. The processing circuit 120 can be configured to perform any determination, calculation, or similar operation (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, as performed by the processing circuit 120, may include processing the information obtained by the processing circuit 120, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained or converted information with information stored by the WD 110, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained or converted information, and as a result of such processing, making a determination. The device-readable medium 130 can function to store a computer program, software, or application that includes one or more logic, rules, codes, tables, etc., and / or other instructions that can be executed by the processing circuit 120. The device-readable medium 130 can include computer memory (e.g., random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., a compact disc (CD) or a digital video disc (DVD)), and / or any other computer-readable and / or executable memory device, volatile or non-volatile, non-transient, that stores information, data, and / or instructions that can be used by the processing circuits 120. In some embodiments, the processing circuit 120 and the device-readable medium 130 can be considered integrated. User interface equipment (UIE) 132 can provide components that allow a human user to interact with the WD 110. Such interaction can take many forms, such as visual, auditory, tactile, etc. UIE 132 can function to produce output for the user and to allow the user to provide information to the WD 110. The type of interaction can vary according to the type of UIE 132 installed in the WD 110. For example, if the WD 110 is a smartphone, the interaction might be through a touchscreen; if the WD 110 is a smart meter, the interaction might be through a display that provides usage (e.g., the number of liters used) or a speaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected).User interface equipment 132 may include input interfaces, devices, and circuitry, and output interfaces, devices, and circuitry. User interface equipment 132 is configured to allow input of information into the WD 110 and is connected to processing circuitry 120 to allow processing circuitry 120 to process the input information. User interface equipment 132 may include, for example, a microphone, a proximity sensor or other sensor, keys / buttons, a touchscreen, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface equipment 132 is also configured to allow output of information from the WD 110 and to allow processing circuitry 120 to output information from the WD 110. User interface equipment 132 may include, for example, a speaker, a display, a vibration circuit, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry.Using one or more interfaces, devices, and input / output circuitry of the 132 user interface equipment, the WD 110 can communicate with end users and / or the wireless network and allow them to benefit from the zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi functionality described in this document. Auxiliary equipment 134 can provide more specific functionality that WDs typically cannot perform. This may include specialized sensors for taking measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication, such as wired communications, and so on. The inclusion and type of components in auxiliary equipment 134 may vary depending on the modality and / or scenario. The power source 136 may, in some embodiments, be in the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources may also be used, such as an external power source (for example, a wall outlet), photovoltaic devices, or energy cells. The WD 110 may further comprise a power circuit 137 to supply power from the power source 136 to the various parts of the WD 110 that require power from the power source 136 to perform any functionality described or indicated herein. The power circuit 137 may, in certain embodiments, comprise a power management circuit.Power circuit 137 may additionally or alternatively operate to receive power from an external power source; in which case, the WD 110 can be connected to the external power source (such as a wall outlet) through an input circuit or interface such as a power cord. Power circuit 137 may also operate in certain modes to supply power from an external power source to power source 136. This may be, for example, for charging power source 136. Power circuit 137 may perform any formatting, conversion, or other modification of the power from power source 136 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the WD 110 to which it is supplied. Figure 8 illustrates one modality of a user equipment (UE) according to several aspects described in this document. As used here, a user equipment or UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale or operation by a human user, but which may not, or may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale or operation by an end user, but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart energy meter).The UE 2200 can be any UE identified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including an NB-IoT UE, a zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi Machine-Type Communication (MTC) UE, and / or an Enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE. The UE 200, as illustrated in Figure 8, is an example of a WD configured for communication in accordance with one or more communication standards promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as the 3GPP GSM, UMTS, LTE, and / or 5G standards. As mentioned earlier, the terms WD and UE can be used interchangeably. Consequently, although Figure 8 is a UE, the components discussed here are equally applicable to a WD, and vice versa. In FIGURE 8, the UE 200 includes a processing circuit 201 that is operatively coupled to the input / output interface 205, the radio frequency (RF) interface 209, the network connection interface 211, memory 215 including random access memory (RAM) 217, read-only memory (ROM) 219, and storage medium 221 or similar, communication subsystem 231, power supply 233, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. The storage medium 221 includes the operating system 223, application program 225, and data 227. In other embodiments, the storage medium 221 may include other similar types of information. Certain UEs may use all of the components shown in FIGURE 8, or only a subset of the components. The level of integration among the components may vary from one UE to another.In addition, certain UEs can contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc. In FIGURE 8, the processing circuit 201 can be configured to process computer instructions and data. The processing circuit 201 can be configured to implement any operational sequential state machine for executing machine instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in memory, such as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored programs; general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination thereof. For example, the processing circuit 201 could include two central processing units (CPUs). Data can be information in a form suitable for use by a computer. In the mode shown, the I / O interface 205 can be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, an output device, or an I / O device. The UE 200 can be configured to use an output device via the I / O interface 205. An output device can use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a USB port can be used to provide both input and output from the UE 200. The output device can be a speaker, sound card, video card, display, monitor, printer, actuator, transmitter, smart card, another output device, or any combination thereof. The UE 200 can also be configured to use an input device via the I / O interface 205 to allow a user to capture information on the UE 200.The input device may include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, digital video camera, webcam, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smart card, and similar devices. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to detect user input. A sensor may be, for example, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another similar sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may consist of an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and an optical sensor. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi In FIGURE 8, RF interface 209 can be configured to provide a communication interface to RF components, such as a transmitter, receiver, and antenna. Network connection interface 211 can be configured to provide a communication interface to network 243a. Network 243a can encompass wired and / or wireless networks, such as a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), computer network, wireless network, telecommunications network, other similar network, or any combination thereof. For example, network 243a could comprise a Wi-Fi network. Network connection interface 211 can be configured to include a receiver and a transmitter interface used to communicate with one or more devices across a communication network in accordance with one or more communication protocols, such as Ethernet, TCP / IP, SONET, ATM, or similar protocols.The 211 network connection interface can implement the appropriate receiver and transmitter functionality for communication network links (e.g., optical, electrical, and similar). The transmitter and receiver functions can share circuit components, software, or firmware, or alternatively, they can be implemented separately. RAM 217 can be configured to interface via bus 202 with processing circuit 201 to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs such as the operating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM 219 can be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuit 201. For example, ROM 219 can be configured to store data or low-level system codes that are invariant for basic system functions, such as basic input / output (I / O), startup, or receiving keystrokes from a keyboard, which are stored in non-volatile memory.Storage medium 221 can be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), rechargeable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically rechargeable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives. For example, storage medium 221 can be configured to include the operating system 223, the application program 225, such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine, or another application, and a data file 227. Storage medium 221 can store, for use by the UE 200, any of a variety of operating systems or combinations of operating systems. The 221 storage medium can be configured to include various physical disk drives, such as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppy disk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, USB memory stick, pen drive, key, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-ray optical drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical drive, external dual mini-in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM), external microDIMM SDRAM, smart card memory such as a subscriber identity module or removable user identity module (SIM / RUIM), other memory, or any combination thereof.Storage medium 221 may allow the UE 200 to access computer-executable instructions, application programs, or the like, stored on transient or non-transient memory media, to download or load data. A manufactured item, such as one using a communication system, may be tangibly incorporated into storage medium 221, which may comprise a device-readable medium. In FIGURE 8, the processing circuit 201 can be configured to communicate with network 243b using the communication subsystem 231. Network 243a and network 243b can be the same network or networks, or different networks. The communication subsystem 231 can be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with network 243b. For example, the communication subsystem 231 can be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with one or more remote transceivers of another wirelessly capable device, such as another WD, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN), according to one or more communication protocols, such as IEEE 802.2, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMAX, or similar protocols.Each transceiver may include transmitter 233 and / or receiver 235 to implement the appropriate transmitter or receiver functionality for the RAN links (e.g., frequency allocations and the like). Furthermore, transmitter 233 and receiver 235 of each transceiver may share circuit components, software, or firmware, or alternatively, they may be implemented separately. In the illustrated mode, the communication functions of communication subsystem 231 may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communication such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine a location, other similar communication functions, or any combination thereof. For example, communication subsystem 231 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication. Network 243b may encompass wired and / or wireless networks, such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, other similar networks, or any combination thereof. For example, network 243b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and / or a near-field network.The 213 power supply can be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to the UE 200 components. The features, benefits, and / or functions described in this document can be implemented in one of the UE 200 components or distributed across several UE 200 components. Furthermore, the features, benefits, and / or functions described in this document can be implemented in any combination of hardware, software, or firmware. For example, the communication subsystem 231 can be configured to include any of the components described in this document. Additionally, the processing circuit 201 can be configured to communicate with any of these components via bus 202. In another example, any of these components can be represented by program instructions stored in memory that, when executed by the processing circuit 201, perform the corresponding functions described in this document.In another example, the functionality of any of these components can be divided between the processing circuit 201 and the zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi communication subsystem 231. In another example, the non-computation-intensive functions of any of these components can be implemented in software or firmware and the computation-intensive functions can be implemented in hardware. Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment where functions implemented by certain modalities can be virtualized. In this context, virtualization means creating virtual versions of devices or appliances, which may include the virtualization of hardware platforms, storage devices, and network resources.As used here, virtualization can be applied to a node (e.g., a virtualized base station or a virtualized radio access node) or to a device (e.g., a UE, a wireless device, or any other type of communication device) or components thereof and refers to an implementation in which at least some part of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components (e.g., through one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines, or containers running on one or more physical processing nodes on one or more networks). In some modes, some or all of the functions described in this document may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi machines deployed in one or more virtual environments 300 hosted by one or more hardware nodes 330. In addition, in modes where the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radio connectivity (for example, a core network node), then the network node may be fully virtualized. The functions may be implemented by one or more applications 320 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) operational to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the modes described in this document. The applications 320 run in a virtualization environment 300 provided by hardware 330 comprising the processing circuit 360 and memory 390. The memory 390 contains instructions 395 executable by the processing circuit 360 by which the application 320 is operational to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and / or functions disclosed in this document. The virtualization environment 300 comprises general-purpose or special-purpose network hardware devices 330 comprising a set of one or more processors or processing circuits 360, which may be commercially available processors (COTS), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuit, including digital or analog hardware components or special-purpose processors. Each hardware device may comprise a memory 390-1 which may be non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions 395 or software executed by the processing circuit 360. Each hardware device may comprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 370, also known as network interface cards, which include a physical network interface 380.Each hardware device may also include non-transient, persistent, machine-readable storage media 390-2 that have stored therein software 395 and / or instructions executable by the processing circuit 360. Software 395 may include any type of software that includes software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers 350 (also called hypervisors), software for running virtual machines 340 as well as software that enables you to execute functions, features, and / or benefits described in connection with some of the modes described in this document. Virtual machines 340 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual network or interface, and virtual storage, and can be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 350 or hypervisor. Different modes of virtual appliance instance 320 can be implemented on one or more virtual machines 340, and the implementations can be carried out in different ways. During operation, the processing circuit 360 runs the software 395 to instantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer 350, which may sometimes be called the virtual machine monitor (VMM). The virtualization layer 350 may present a virtual operating platform that appears as network hardware to the virtual machine 340. As shown in FIGURE 9, hardware 330 can be a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 330 can include antenna 3225 and can implement some functions through virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 330 can be part of a larger hardware group (for example, in a data center or customer premises equipment (CPE)) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed through management and orchestration (MANO) 3100, which, among other things, monitors the application lifecycle management 320. Hardware virtualization is sometimes called network functions virtualization (NFV). NFV can be used to consolidate many types of network equipment onto industry-standard, high-volume server hardware, such as physical switches and physical storage, which can be located in data centers and on customer premises. In the context of NFV, a 340 virtual machine can be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were running on a non-virtualized physical machine. Each 340 virtual machine, and the portion of the 330 hardware that runs that virtual machine—whether hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and / or hardware shared by that virtual machine with other 340 virtual machines—forms a separate virtual network element (VNE). Even within the context of NFV, the virtual network function (VNF) is responsible for handling specific network functions that run on one or more virtual machines 340 over the hardware networking infrastructure 330 and corresponds to application 320 in FIGURE 9. In some embodiments, one or more 3200 radio units, including one or more 3220 transmitters and one or more 3210 receivers, can be coupled to one or more 3225 antennas. The 3200 radio units can communicate directly with the 330 hardware nodes through one or more appropriate network interfaces and can be used in combination with virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi In some modes, some signaling can be carried out using the 3230 control system, which, as an alternative, can be used for communication between the 330 hardware nodes and the 3200 radio units. With reference to FIGURE 10, according to one embodiment, a communication system includes a telecommunications network 410, such as a 3GPP-type cellular network, comprising an access network 411, such as a radio access network, and a core network 414. The access network 411 comprises a plurality of base stations 412a, 412b, 412c, such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs, or other types of wireless access points, each of which defines a corresponding coverage area 413a, 413b, 413c. Each base station 412a, 412b, 412c can be connected to the core network 414 via a wired or wireless connection 415. A first UE 491 located in the coverage area 413c is configured to wirelessly connect to or be sought by the corresponding base station 412c. A second UE 492 in the 413a coverage area can be wirelessly connected to the corresponding 412a base station.Although this example illustrates a plurality of UEs 491, 492, the described modalities are equally applicable to a situation in which a single UE is in the coverage area or in which a single UE connects to the corresponding base station. 412. The telecommunications network 410 itself is connected to the main computer 430, which may be incorporated into the hardware and / or software of a standalone server, a cloud-deployed server, a distributed server, or as processing resources in a server farm. The main computer 430 may be owned or controlled by a service provider, or it may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. The connections 421 and 422 between the telecommunications network 410 and the main computer 430 may extend directly from the core network 414 to the main computer 430 or may go through an optional intermediate network 420. The intermediate network 420 may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private, or hosted network; the intermediate network 420, if any, may be a core network or the Internet; in particular, the intermediate network 420 may comprise two or more subnets (not shown). The communication system in FIGURE 10, as a whole, enables connectivity between the connected UEs 491 and 492 and the main computer 430. This connectivity can be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection 450. The main computer 430 and the connected UEs 491 and 492 are configured to communicate data and / or signaling over the OTT connection 450, using the access network 411, the core network 414, any intermediate networks 420, and any additional (not shown) zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi infrastructure as intermediaries. The OTT connection 450 can be transparent in that the participating communication devices through which the OTT connection 450 passes are unaware of the uplink and downlink communication routing.For example, base station 412 may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from host computer 430 to be forwarded (i.e., delivered) to a connected UE 491. Similarly, base station 412 does not need to be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from UE 491 to host computer 430. Example implementations, according to one modality, of the UE, base station, and main computer discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to FIGURE 11. In communication system 500, the main computer 510 comprises hardware 515 that includes the communication interface 516 configured to establish and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a communication device other than communication system 500. The main computer 510 further comprises a processing circuit 518, which may have storage and / or processing capabilities. In particular, the processing circuit 518 may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate assemblies, or combinations thereof (not shown) adapted to execute instructions.The main computer 510 further comprises software 511, which is stored on or accessible by the main computer 510 and can be executed by the processing circuit 518. Software 511 includes core application 512. Core application 512 can operate to provide a service to a remote user, such as a UE 530 connecting via OTT connection 550 terminating at UE 530 and the main computer 510. In providing the service to the remote user, core application 512 can provide user data transmitted via OTT connection 550. The communication system 500 further includes the base station 520 provided in a telecommunications system and comprising the hardware 525 that enables it to communicate with the main computer 510 and the UE 530. The hardware 525 may include the communication interface 526 for configuring and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a communication device other than the communication system 500, as well as the radio interface 527 for establishing and maintaining at least one wireless connection 570 with the UE 530 located within a coverage area (not shown in FIGURE 11) served by the base station 520. The communication interface 526 can be configured to facilitate connection 560 to the main computer 510.The connection 560 can be direct or can pass through a core network (not shown in FIGURE 11) of the telecommunications system and / or through one or more intermediate networks outside the telecommunications system. In the configuration shown, the hardware 525 of the base station 520 further includes a processing circuit 528, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate assemblies, or combinations thereof (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The base station 520 further has software 521 stored internally or accessible via an external connection. The communication system 500 also includes the UE 530, which has already been referenced. Its hardware 535 may include a radio interface 537 configured to establish and maintain a wireless connection 570 with a base station serving a coverage area in which the UE 530 is currently located. The UE 530's hardware 535 further includes a processing circuit 538, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate assemblies, or combinations thereof (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The UE 530 further comprises the zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi software Software 531, which is stored in or accessible by UE 530 and executable by processing circuit 538, includes client application 532. Client application 532 can operate to provide a service to a human or non-human user through UE 530, with support from main computer 510. On main computer 510, a running main application 512 can communicate with the running client application 532 through an OTT connection 550 that terminates at UE 530 and main computer 510. When providing the service to the user, client application 532 can receive request data from the main application 512 and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection 550 can transfer both the request data and the user data. Client application 532 can interact with the user to generate the user data they provide. It can be observed that the main computer 510, base station 520, and UE 530 illustrated in FIGURE 11 may be similar or identical to the main computer 430, one of the base stations 412a, 412b, 412c, and one of the UEs 491, 492 in FIGURE 10, respectively. That is, the internal operation of these entities may be as shown in FIGURE 11, and, regardless, the topology of the surrounding network may be that of FIGURE 10. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi In Figure 11, the OTT connection 550 is drawn abstractly to illustrate communication between the host computer 510 and the UE 530 via the base station 520, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages through these devices. The network infrastructure can determine the routing, which can be configured to be hidden from the UE 530, the service provider operating the host computer 510, or both. While the OTT connection 550 is active, the network infrastructure can also make decisions that dynamically change the routing (for example, based on load balancing or network reconfiguration). The 570 wireless connection between the UE 530 and the 520 base station is in accordance with the principles of the modes described throughout this document. One or more of the various modes enhance the performance of the OTT services provided to the UE 530 using the 550 OTT connection, in which the 570 wireless connection forms the final segment. More specifically, these modes can improve data transmission speed or power consumption, thus providing benefits such as reduced user wait time or longer battery life. A measurement procedure using zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi may be provided to monitor data transmission rate, latency, and other factors as one or more modes improve. An optional network function may also be available to reconfigure the OTT 550 connection between the main computer 510 and the UE 530 in response to variations in measurement results. The measurement procedure and / or the network function for reconfiguring the OTT 550 connection may be implemented in the main computer 510's software 511 and hardware 515, or in the UE 530's software 531 and hardware 535, or both.In some modalities, sensors (not shown) may be implemented in or in association with communication devices through which the OTT connection 550 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values ​​of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or by supplying values ​​of other physical quantities from which the software 511, 531 can calculate or estimate the monitored quantities. Reconfiguration of the OTT connection 550 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc.; the reconfiguration need not affect the base station 520, and may be unknown or imperceptible to the base station 520. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art.In certain modes, the measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi that facilitates measurements of performance, propagation times, latency, and the like from the main computer 510. The measurements may be implemented so that the 511 and 531 software causes messages, in particular empty or 'fake' messages, to be transmitted using the OTT connection 550 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc. Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, according to a specific modality. The communication system includes a main computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be those described with reference to Figures 10 and 11. For the sake of simplicity in this invention, only references to the drawings in Figure 12 will be included in this section. In step 610, the main computer provides user data. In substep 611 (which may be optional) of step 610, the main computer provides the user data by executing a main application. In step 620, the main computer initiates a transmission that carries the user data to the UE.In step 630 (which may be optional), the base station transmits to the UE the user data that was carried in the transmission initiated by the host computer, according to the modalities described throughout this description. In step 640 (which may also be optional), the UE runs a client application associated with the main application zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi running on the host computer. Figure 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, according to one modality. The communication system includes a main computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be those described with reference to Figures 10 and 11. For the sake of simplicity, this section will only include references to the drawings in Figure 13. In step 710 of the method, the main computer provides user data. In an optional substep (not shown), the main computer provides the user data by executing a main application. In step 720, the main computer initiates a transmission that carries the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass through the base station, according to the teachings of the modalities described throughout this description. In step 730 (which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, according to a specific modality. The communication system includes a main computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be those described with reference to Figures 10 and 11. For the sake of simplicity, only references to the drawings in Figure 14 will be included in this section. In step 810 (which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the main computer. Alternatively, in step 820, the UE provides user data. In sub-step 821 (which may be optional) of step 820, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application.In substep 811 (which may be optional) of step 810, the UE executes a client application that provides user data in response to input data received from the host computer. When providing user data, the executed client application may also consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific method used to provide the user data, the UE initiates, in substep 830 (which may be optional), the transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step 840 of the method, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the modalities described throughout this document. Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, according to one modality. The communication system includes a main computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be those described with reference to Figures 10 and 11. To simplify the present invention, this section will only include references to the drawings in Figure 15. In step 910 (which may be optional), according to the teachings of the modalities described throughout this description, the base station receives user data from the UE. In step 920 (which may be optional), the base station initiates the transmission of the received user data to the main computer. In step 930 (which may be optional), the main computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station. Any appropriate step, method, feature, function, or benefit described herein may be carried out through one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual appliances. Each virtual appliance may comprise several of these functional units. These functional units may be implemented by means of processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessors or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or more types of memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, and so on.The program code stored in memory zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and / or data communication protocols, as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein. In some implementations, the processing circuitry can be used to cause the respective functional unit to perform the corresponding functions in accordance with one or more modalities of the present invention. Figure 16 illustrates a method according to particular modalities. In certain modalities, the method can be carried out by a wireless device or UE, such as the Wireless Device 110 or the UE 200 described above. The method begins in step 1002 with the determination of one or more search space sets (or groups of search space sets) to monitor as control channel candidates. This determination is based, at least in part, on signaling received from a network node indicating whether to activate or deactivate the monitoring of the search space set(s) (or group(s) of search space sets). The method continues with step 1004, which involves monitoring one or more search space sets (or groups of search space sets) determined in step 1002.The method then continues with step 1006 with the determination of one or more candidate control channels based on the monitoring in step 1004. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi In certain configurations, a network node (such as network node 160) can perform methods analogous to those described herein as being performed by a wireless device. For example, in general, a network node can determine one or more sets of search spaces (or groups of sets of search spaces) that the wireless device should monitor and can send signals to the wireless device instructing it to enable or disable monitoring of one or more sets of search spaces (or groups of sets of search spaces). Figure 17 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an Appliance 1100 in a wireless network (e.g., the wireless network shown in Figure 7). The Appliance can be implemented on a wireless device or network node (e.g., the Wireless Device 110 or Network Node 160 shown in Figure 7). Appliance 1100 can operate to carry out the example method described with reference to Figure 16 and possibly any other process or method described in this document. It should also be understood that the method in Figure 16 is not necessarily carried out solely by Appliance 1100. At least some operations of the method can be performed by one or more entities. The virtual appliance 1100 may comprise processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessors or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or more types of memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. The program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and / or data communication protocols, as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in various modes.In some implementations, the processing circuit can be used to make the determination unit 1102, the monitoring unit 1104 and any other suitable unit of the apparatus 1100 perform the corresponding functions according to one or more modalities of the present invention. As illustrated in FIGURE 17, the apparatus 1100 includes the determination unit 1102 and the monitoring unit 1104. The determination unit 1102 is configured to determine one or more sets of search spaces (or groups of search space sets) for monitoring control channel candidates. The determination may be based, at least in part, on signaling received from a network node indicating that monitoring should be activated or deactivated. The monitoring unit 1104 is configured to monitor the search space sets determined by the determination unit 1102. Figure 18 illustrates an example of a method carried out by a wireless device. In certain embodiments, the method can be carried out by the wireless device 110 comprising an operational memory 130 for storing instructions and an operational processing circuit 120 for executing the instructions to cause the wireless device 110 to carry out the method. As an example, in certain embodiments, the method can be carried out by the UE 200 comprising an operational memory 215 for storing instructions and an operational processing circuit (e.g., the processor 201) for executing the instructions to cause the UE 200 to carry out the method. In certain modes, the method begins at step 1802 with the reception of search space set group information. Search space set group information is received from a network node. For example, search space set group information can be received via a radio resource control configuration message from the network node. The search space set group information indicates a plurality of search space sets and a respective group identifier associated with each search space set. For example, a first search space set might be associated with a group identifier having a first value (such as 0), and a second search space set might be associated with a group identifier having a second value (such as 1).In some modes, the first set of search spaces is configured as a default set of search spaces, and the second set of search spaces is configured as a non-default set of search spaces. In step 1804, the wireless device determines the first search space set and the second search space set based on the search space set group information received in step 1802. For example, the wireless device determines that each search space set associated with a group identifier that has a first value (such as 0) belongs to the first search space set, and that each search space set associated with a group identifier that has a second value (such as 1) belongs to the second search space set. In step 1806, the wireless device monitors an initial set of search spaces for a candidate control channel. In some modes, the device zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 100 Wireless begins monitoring the first set of search spaces (for example, the default search space set) based on having received the search space set group information from the network node in step 1802. The method proceeds to step 1808 by receiving a prompt to change the search space set. The prompt to change the search space set is received from the network node. In some modes, the prompt to change the search space set may be received in a field in a common group DCI format. For example, the prompt to change the search space set may be received in a group identifier field of a common group DCI format. The group identifier field indicates the first value (such as 0) or the second value (such as 1) for the group identifier.Consequently, if the wireless device has been monitoring the first set of search spaces, the wireless device may receive DCI comprising the second value for the group identifier as an indication to switch from the first set of search spaces (e.g., default) to the second (e.g., non-default) set of search spaces. In some modes, the wireless device receives a timer value from the network node, such as zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 101 is shown in step 1810. For example, the timer value can be received via a radio resource control configuration message from the network node. The wireless device can use the timer to determine when to change the search space set (an example of which is described later with respect to step 1816). The network node can send the timer value to the wireless device at any appropriate time, such as any time before step 1814. In step 1812, the wireless device changes the search space set based on the instruction to change the search space set received in step 1808. In some modes, the search space set change may also be based on a delay, such as a number of symbols that the wireless device must wait before changing the search space. Changing the search space set involves stopping monitoring the first search space set and starting to monitor a second search space set for the control channel candidate. In some modes, the wireless device starts a timer based on the start of monitoring the second set of search spaces, as shown in step 1814. Upon expiration of the timer, the wireless device switches the search space set to zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 102 search, as shown in step 1816. For example, the wireless device stops monitoring the second set of search spaces (e.g., non-default) and starts monitoring the first set of search spaces (e.g., default) again. Mode #8 above describes an example of a timer. Although Figure 18 illustrates an example where the wireless device resumes monitoring the first set of search spaces based on the expiration of a timer, in other modes the wireless device may resume monitoring the first set of search spaces based on one or more criteria. For example, in some modes, the wireless device may switch the set of search spaces (stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and start monitoring the first set of search spaces) after a predetermined period. In certain modes, the predetermined period may be in interval units, an example of which is described earlier with respect to Mode #7. In some modes, the wireless device receives an indication of the predetermined period from the network node.For example, the indication of the default period can be received in a time duration field in a common group IDC format. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 103 Figure 19 illustrates an example of a method carried out by a network node. In certain embodiments, the method can be carried out by the network node 160 comprising an operational memory 180 for storing instructions and an operational processing circuit 170 for executing the instructions to cause the network node 160 to carry out the method. In certain embodiments, the functionality carried out by the network node in Figure 19 can be reciprocal to the functionality carried out by the wireless device in Figure 18. For example, the information described as being provided by a network node in Figure 19 can be received by the wireless device in Figure 18, and vice versa. In some modes, the method begins at step 1902 with the sending of search space set group information to the wireless device. In some modes, the search space set group information is sent to the wireless device via a radio resource control configuration message. The search space set group information indicates a plurality of search space sets and, for each search space set, a group identifier associated with that search space set. For example, a first search space set comprises each search space set for which zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi The associated group identifier 104 has a first value (such as 0), and a second set of search spaces comprises each set of search spaces for which the associated group identifier has a second value (such as 1). In some modes, the first set of search spaces is configured as a default search space set, and the second set of search spaces is configured as a non-default search space set. In some modes, the method proceeds to step 1904 by sending a control channel to the wireless device. The control channel is sent through the first set of search spaces (for example, the default search space). The method proceeds to step 1906 by sending the wireless device an instruction to change the set of search spaces it monitors for a control channel candidate (instructing the wireless device to stop monitoring the first set of search spaces and begin monitoring the second search space established for the control channel candidate). For example, the network node might decide to send the wireless device the instruction to change the search space based on resource availability, COT information, or power considerations. 105 and / or performance, or other appropriate criteria. In some modes, the indication to change the search space set is sent in a field in a common group DCI format. For example, the indication to change the search space set may be sent in a group identifier field that indicates either the first or second value for the group identifier described with respect to step 1902. In some modes, the network node sends the wireless device a timer value, as shown in step 1908. The timer allows the wireless device to determine when to stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and begin monitoring the first set of search spaces. In some modes, the timer value is sent to the wireless device via a radio resource control configuration message. In step 1910, the wireless device sends a control channel to the wireless device through the second set of search spaces. Therefore, the network node can use the second set search space to send the control channel after sending the wireless device the instruction to change the set search space in step 1906 (and before the timer described in step 1908 expires). zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 106 Although Figure 19 illustrates an example where the network node facilitates a return to the first set of search spaces based on the expiration of a timer, in other modes, the wireless device may resume monitoring the first set of search spaces based on one or more criteria. For example, in some modes, the network node may send the wireless device an indication of a predetermined period after which the wireless device may switch to a different set of search spaces (stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and start monitoring the first set). In some modes, the predetermined period may be in interval units. In some modes, the predetermined period may be indicated in a time duration field in a common group DCI format. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi MODALITIES Group A Modalities 1. A method carried out by a wireless device, wherein the method comprises: - receive, from a network node, an indicator that shows whether a set of search spaces for control channel candidates should be monitored; - monitor or refrain from monitoring the set 107 search spaces based on the indicator received from the network node. 2. The method of the previous modality, where the indicator comprises a selected value from a first value and a second value, where the first value indicates that the monitoring of the set of search spaces is activated and the second value indicates that the monitoring of the set of search spaces is deactivated. 3. A method carried out by a wireless device, wherein the method comprises: - to receive, from a network node, information indicating a subset of one or more sets of search spaces that have been selected from a group of sets of search spaces; and - monitor the subset of one or more sets of search spaces for control channel candidates. 4. A method carried out by a wireless device, wherein the method comprises: - to receive, from a network node, information indicating a plurality of sets of search spaces selected for monitoring, each set of search spaces selected from a respective group of a plurality of groups of sets of search spaces; and - monitor the plurality of search space sets indicated by the network node for candidates to zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 108 control channel. 5. The method of mode 3 or 4, which further comprises disabling the monitoring of the first of the search space sets in response to receiving a signal from the network node indicating to disable the monitoring of the first of the search space sets. 6. The method of mode 4, which further comprises disabling the monitoring of a first group of search space sets in response to receiving a signal from the network node indicating to disable the monitoring of the first group of search space sets. The method of mode 3 or 4, which also includes disabling the monitoring of a first of the search space sets after a predetermined period of time. 8. The method of modality 4, which further comprises disabling the monitoring of a first group of search space sets after a predetermined period of time. 9. The method of mode 7 or 8, where the predetermined time period is indicated in the signaling received from the network node. 10. The method of mode 7 or 8, where the predetermined time period is based on a timer set by the wireless device. 109 11. The method of any of the above modalities, which also includes: - provide user data; and - forward user data to a main computer via transmission to the base station. Group B Modalities 12. A method carried out by a base station, wherein the method comprises: - determine whether a wireless device should monitor a set of search spaces for control channel candidates; and - send, to the wireless device, an indicator that shows whether the search space established for control channel candidates should be monitored. 13. The method of the previous modality, where the indicator comprises a selected value of a first value and a second value, where the first value indicates that the monitoring of the set of search spaces is activated and the second value indicates that the monitoring of the set of search spaces is deactivated. 14. A method carried out by a base station, wherein the method comprises: - select a subset of one or more sets of search spaces to be monitored by a zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 110 wireless device for control channel candidates, the subset of one or more sets of search spaces selected from a group of sets of search spaces; AND - send, to the wireless device, information indicating the subset of one or more sets of search spaces that have been selected from the group of sets of search spaces. 15. A method carried out by a base station, wherein the method comprises: - select a plurality of search space sets to be monitored for control channel candidates by a wireless device, each search space set being selected from a respective group of a plurality of groups of search space sets; and - send, to the wireless device, information indicating the plurality of search space sets that have been selected from the groups of search space sets. 16. The method of modality 14 or 15, which further comprises determining to disable the monitoring of the first of the search space sets and sending a signal to the wireless device indicating to disable the monitoring of the first of the search space sets. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 111 17. The method of modality 15, which further comprises determining to disable the monitoring of a first group of search space sets and sending a signal to the wireless device indicating to disable the monitoring of the first group of search space sets. 18. The method of modality 14 or 15, which further comprises sending a signal to the wireless device indicating a period of time after which the wireless device should switch from monitoring a first of the sets of search spaces. 19. The method of modality 15, which further comprises sending a signal to the wireless device indicating a period of time after which the wireless device should switch from monitoring a first group of search space sets. 20. The method of any of the above modalities, which also includes: - obtain user data; and - forward user data to a host computer or wireless device. Group C Modalities 21. A wireless device, wherein the wireless device comprises: - processing circuits configured to carry out any of the steps of any of the zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi modalities 112 of Group A; and - Power supply circuit configured to supply power to the wireless device. 22. A base station, wherein the base station comprises: - processing circuits configured to carry out any of the steps of any of the Group B modalities; - power supply circuits configured to supply power to the base station. 23. A user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises: - an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; - radio input circuits connected to the antenna and processing circuits, and configured to condition the signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuits; - the processing circuit is configured to carry out any of the steps of any of the Group A modalities; - an input interface connected to the processing circuit and configured to allow information to be entered into the UE to be processed by the processing circuit; zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 113 - an output interface connected to the processing circuit and configured to generate information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuit; and - a battery connected to the processing circuit and configured to supply power to the UE. 24. A computer program, wherein the computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out any of the steps of any of the modalities in Group A. 25. A computer program product comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out any of the steps of any of the modes in Group A. 26. A computer-readable non-transient storage carrier or medium comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out any of the steps of any of the modes in Group A. 27. A computer program, wherein the computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out any of the steps of any of the modalities in Group B. 28. A computer program product that zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 114 comprises a computer program, wherein the computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out any of the steps of any of the modalities of Group B. 29. A computer-readable non-transient storage carrier or medium comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out any of the steps of any of the modes in Group B. 30. A communication system that includes a main computer comprising: - processing circuits configured to provide user data; and - a communication interface configured to forward user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), - where the cellular network comprises a base station having a radio interface and a processing circuit, the processing circuit of the base station is configured to carry out any of the steps of any of the Group B modalities. 31. The communication system of the previous modality which also includes the base station. 32. The communication system of the 2 modalities zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 115 above, which also includes the UE, where the UE is configured to communicate with the base station. 33. The communication system of the 3 previous modalities, where: - the main computer's processing circuitry is configured to run a main application, thereby providing user data; and - the UE comprises processing circuits configured to run a client application associated with the main application. 34. A method implemented in a communication system that includes a main computer, a base station, and user equipment (UE), the method comprising: - on the main computer, provide user data; and on the main computer, initiate a transmission that carries the user data to the UE through a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the base station carries out any of the steps of any of the Group B modalities. 35. The method of the previous modality, which also includes, at the base station, transmitting user data. 36. The method of the two previous modalities, where the user data is provided on the computer 116 main by running a main application, wherein the method further comprises, in the UE, running a client application associated with the main application. 37. A user equipment (UE) configured to communicate with a base station, wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and a processing circuit configured to carry out the three above modes. 38. A communication system that includes a main computer comprising: - processing circuits configured to provide user data; and - a communication interface configured to send user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), - where the UE comprises a radio interface and a processing circuit, the UE components are configured to carry out any of the steps of any of the Group A modalities. 39. The communication system of the previous modality, where the cellular network also includes a base station configured to communicate with the UE. 40. The communication system of the two previous modalities, where: - The main computer's processing circuit is configured to run a zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi application 117 main, thus providing user data; and - The UE processing circuit is configured to run a client application associated with the main application. 41. A method implemented in a communication system that includes a main computer, a base station, and user equipment (UE), the method comprising: - on the main computer, provide user data; and on the main computer, initiate a transmission that carries the user data to the UE through a cellular network comprising the base station, where the UE carries out any of the steps of any of the Group A modalities. 42. The method of the previous modality, which also includes in the UE receiving user data from the base station. 43. A communication system that includes a main computer comprising: - communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station, - wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and a processing circuit, the processing circuit of the UE is configured to carry out any of the steps zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 118 of any of the modalities of Group A. 44. The communication system of the previous modality, which also includes the UE. 45. The communication system of the two previous modes, which also includes the base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface configured to communicate with the UE and a communication interface configured to forward to the main computer the user data carried by a transmission from the UE to the base station. 46. ​​The communication system of the three previous modalities, where: - the main computer's processing circuitry is configured to run a main application; and - The UE processing circuit is configured to run a client application associated with the main application, thereby providing user data. 47. The communication system of the four previous modalities, where: - the main computer's processing circuitry is configured to run a main application, thereby providing request data; and - the UE processing circuit is zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 119 configured to run a client application associated with the main application, thereby providing user data in response to requested data. 48. A method implemented in a communication system that includes a main computer, a base station, and user equipment (UE), the method comprising: On the main computer, receive user data transmitted to the base station from the UE, where the UE carries out any of the steps of any of the Group A modalities. 49. The method of the previous modality, which also includes, in the EU, providing user data to the base station. 50. The method of the two previous modalities, which also includes: - in the EU, run a client application, thereby providing the user data to be transmitted; and - On the main computer, run a main application associated with the client application. 51. The method of the three previous modalities, which also includes: - in the EU, run a client application; and - in the UE, receive input data to the client application, where the input data is provided in zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 120 the main computer by running a main application associated with the client application, - where the user data to be transmitted is provided by the client application in response to the input data. 52. A communication system including a main computer comprising a communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface and a processing circuit, the processing circuits of the base station being configured to carry out any of the steps of any of the Group B modalities. 53. The communication system of the previous modality which also includes the base station. 54. The communication system of the two previous modes, which also includes the UE, where the UE is configured to communicate with the base station. 55. The communication system of the three previous modalities, where: - the main computer's processing circuitry is configured to run a main application; zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi - the UE is configured to run an application 121 of client associated with the main application, thus providing the user data that the main computer should receive. 56. A method implemented in a communication system that includes a main computer, a base station, and user equipment (UE), the method comprising: - on the main computer, receive, from the base station, user data originating from a transmission that the base station has received from the UE, where the UE carries out any of the steps of any of the Group A modalities. 57. The method of the previous modality, which also includes at the base station, receiving user data from the UE. 58. The method of the 2 previous modalities, which also includes, at the base station, initiating a transmission of the user data received to the main computer. In some embodiments, a computer program, a computer program product, or a computer-readable storage medium comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, accomplish any of the actions described herein. In other examples, the instructions are carried on a signal or carrier and are executable on a computer where, when executed, they accomplish any of the actions described herein. 122 modalities described in this document. Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the systems and apparatus described herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The components of the systems and apparatus may be integrated or separate. Furthermore, the operations of the systems and apparatus may be carried out by more, fewer, or other components. Additionally, the operations of the systems and apparatus may be carried out using any suitable logic comprising software, hardware, and / or other logic. As used herein, "each" refers to each member of a set or each member of a subset of a set. Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the methods described herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The methods may include more, fewer, or other steps. Furthermore, the steps may be performed in any suitable order. Although this invention has been described in terms of certain embodiments, alterations and permutations of the embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the foregoing description of the embodiments does not restrict this invention. Further changes, substitutions, and alterations are possible without departing from the scope of this invention, as defined in the following claims. 123 At least some of the following abbreviations zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi may be used in this invention. If there is an inconsistency between the abbreviations, preference shall be given to how they are used. above. If listed multiple times below, the first listing should take precedence over any subsequent listings. 3GPP Third-Party Partnership Project generation 5G 5th Generation CA Carrier Aggregation CDMA Code Division Multiplexing Access CP Cyclic Prefix DL Downlink eNB Evolved NodeB ePDCCH Physical Enhanced Downlink Control Channel FES For further study gNB Base Station in NR GSM Global System for Mobile Communication LTE Long-Term Evolution MAC Medium Access Control MME Mobility Management Entity MSC Mobile Switching Center NPDCCH Downlink Control Channel narrowband physical 124 NR New Radio Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel 5 PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel 10 RAN Radio Access Network RNC Radio Network Controller RRC Radio Resource Control UE User Equipment UL Uplink 15 UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network WCDMA CDMA Wide WLAN Wide Area Network ζρορηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ

Claims

1. A method carried out by a wireless device, wherein the method comprises: monitoring (1806) a first set of search spaces for a control channel candidate; receiving (1808), from a network node, an indication to change the set of search spaces; and changing (1812) the set of search spaces based on receiving the indication to change the set of search spaces, wherein changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of the first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the instruction to change the set of search spaces is received in a field in a group common downlink control information (DCI) format.

3. The method according to any of claims 1-2, further comprising: changing the set of search spaces after a predetermined period, wherein changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of the second set of search spaces and starting the monitoring of the first set of search spaces. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 126 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising: receiving an indication of the predetermined period from the network node.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the indication of the predetermined period is received in a time duration field in a common group downlink control information (DCI) format.

6. The method according to any of claims 1-2, further comprising: starting (1814) a timer based on the start of monitoring the second set of search spaces; and changing (1816) the set of search spaces based on the expiration of the timer, wherein changing the set of search spaces comprises ceasing to monitor the second set of search spaces and starting to monitor the first set of search spaces.

7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising: receiving (1810) a value for the network node timer.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the timer value is received by means of a radio resource control configuration message from the zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 127 network node.

9. The method according to any of claims 1-8, further comprising: receiving (1802) search space set group information from the network node, wherein the search space set group information indicates a plurality of search space sets and, for each search space set, a group identifier associated with the search space set; and determining (1804) the first search space set and the second search space set based on the search space set group information, wherein the first search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a first value and the second search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a second value.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the instruction to change the set of search spaces is received in a group identifier field of a common group downlink control information (DCI) format, the group identifier field indicating either the first or second value for the group identifier. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 128 11. The method according to any of claims 9-10, wherein monitoring of the first set of search spaces (1806) is initiated based on the receipt of group information of search space sets from the network node.

12. The method according to any of claims 9-11, wherein the search space set group information is received by means of a network node radio resource control configuration message.

13. The method according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the first set of search spaces is configured as a default search space set, and the second set of search spaces is configured as a non-default search space set.

14. A computer program comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer, accomplish any of the methods according to claims 1-13.

15. A computer program product comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, accomplish any of the methods according to claims 1-13. zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 129 16. A non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores instructions that, when executed by a computer, carry out any of the methods in accordance with claims 1 to 13.

17. A wireless device (110) comprising: memory (130) operable for storing instructions; and processing circuitry (120) operable for executing instructions to cause the wireless device to: monitor a first set of search spaces for a control channel candidate; receive, from a network node, an indication to change the set of search spaces; and change the set of search spaces based on the receipt of the indication to change the set of search spaces, wherein, to change the set of search spaces, the processing circuitry is operative to stop monitoring the first set of search spaces and start monitoring a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate.

18. The wireless device according to claim 17, wherein the indication to change the search space set is received in a field in a common group downlink control information (DCI) format zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 130.

19. The wireless device according to any of claims 17-18, wherein the processing circuit is further operable to: change the set of search spaces after a predetermined period, wherein to change the set of search spaces, the processing circuit can operate to stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and start monitoring the first set of search spaces.

20. The wireless device according to claim 19, wherein the processing circuit further operates to: receive an indication of the predetermined period from the network node.

21. The wireless device according to claim 20, wherein the indication of the predetermined period is received in a time duration field in a common group downlink control information (DCI) format.

22. The wireless device according to any of claims 17-18, wherein the processing circuit is further operative for: initiating a timer based on the commencement of monitoring of the second set of search spaces; and changing the set of search spaces based on the expiration of the timer, wherein, to change the set of search spaces, the processing circuit is operative for stopping the monitoring of the second set of search spaces and starting to monitor the first set of search spaces.

23. The wireless device according to claim 22, wherein the processing circuit further operates to: receive a value for the network node timer.

24. The wireless device according to claim 23, wherein the timer value is received by means of a radio resource control configuration message from the network node.

25. The wireless device according to any of claims 17-24, wherein the processing circuitry is further operable for: receiving group information of search space sets from the network node, wherein the group information of search space sets indicates a plurality of search space sets and, for each search space set, a group identifier associated with the search space set;and determine the first set of search spaces zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 132 and the second set of search spaces based on the group information of sets of search spaces, wherein the first set of search spaces comprises each set of search spaces for which the associated group identifier has a first value and the second set of search spaces comprises each set of search spaces for which the associated group identifier has a second value.; 26. The wireless device according to claim 25, wherein the indication to change the search space set is received in a group identifier field of a common group downlink control information (DCI) format, wherein the group identifier field indicates either the first or second value for the group identifier.

27. The wireless device according to any of claims 25-26, wherein the processing circuit is operative to initiate monitoring of the first set of search spaces based on the reception of group information of search space sets from the network node.

28. The wireless device according to any of claims 25-27, wherein the search space set group information is received by means of a zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 133 radio resource control configuration message from the network node.

29. The wireless device according to any of claims 17-28, wherein the first set of search spaces is configured as a default search space set, and the second set of search spaces is configured as a non-default search space set.

30. A method carried out by a network node, wherein the method comprises: sending (1906), to a wireless device, an indication to change a set of search spaces that the wireless device monitors for a control channel candidate, wherein changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of a first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second search space established for the control channel candidate.

31. The method according to claim 30, further comprising: sending (1904) a control channel to the wireless device, wherein the control channel is sent through the first set of search spaces before sending the wireless device the indication to change the set of search spaces.

32. The method in accordance with any of claims 30-31, further comprising: sending (1910) a control channel to the wireless device, wherein the control channel is sent through the second set of search spaces after sending the wireless device the indication to change the set of search spaces.

33. The method according to any of claims 30-32, wherein the indication to change the search space set is sent in a field in a common group downlink control information (DCI) format.

34. The method according to any of claims 30-33, further comprising: sending the wireless device an indication of a predetermined period after which the wireless device should stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and start monitoring the first set of search spaces.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein the indication of the predetermined period is sent in a time duration field in a common group downlink control information (DCI) format.

36. The method according to claim 30-33, further comprising: sending (1908) to the wireless device a value zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 135 for a timer that the wireless device uses to determine when to stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and start monitoring the first set of search spaces.

37. The method according to claim 36, wherein the timer value is sent to the wireless device via a radio resource control configuration message.

38. The method according to any of claims 30-37, further comprising: sending (1902) search space set group information to the wireless device, wherein the search space set group information indicates a plurality of search space sets and, for each search space set, a group identifier associated with the search space set, wherein the first search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a first value and the second search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a second value.

39. The method according to claim 38, wherein the indication to change the set of search spaces is sent in a group identifier field of a common group downlink control information (DCI) format, wherein the group identifier field indicates either the first or second value for the group identifier.

40. The method according to any of claims 30-39, wherein the search space set group information is sent to the wireless device via a radio resource control configuration message.

41. The method according to any of claims 30-40, wherein the first set of search spaces is configured as a default search space set, and the second set of search spaces is configured as a non-default search space set.

42. A computer program comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer, accomplish any of the methods according to claims 30-41.

43. A computer program product comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program comprises instructions that, when executed on a computer, carry out any of the methods according to claims 30-41.

44. A non-transient computer-readable medium zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 137 that stores instructions that, when executed by a computer, carry out any of the methods in 30-41.

45. A network node (160) comprising: memory (180) operable for storing instructions; and processing circuits (170) operable for executing instructions to cause the network node to: send, to a wireless device, an indication to change a set of search spaces that the wireless device monitors for a control channel candidate, wherein changing the set of search spaces comprises stopping the monitoring of a first set of search spaces and starting to monitor a second set of search spaces for the control channel candidate.

46. ​​The network node according to claim 45, wherein the processing circuit further operates to: send a control channel to the wireless device, wherein the control channel is sent through the first set of search spaces before sending the wireless device the indication to change the set of search spaces.

47. The network node according to any of claims 45-46, wherein the processing circuit further operates to: send a control channel to the wireless device, wherein the control channel is sent through the second set of search spaces after sending the wireless device the indication to change the set of search spaces.

48. The network node according to any of claims 45-47, wherein the indication to change the search space set is sent in a field in a group common downlink control information (DCI) format.

49. The network node according to any of claims 45-48, wherein the processing circuitry further operates to: send the wireless device an indication of a predetermined period after which the wireless device should stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and begin monitoring the first set of search spaces.

50. The network node according to claim 49, wherein the indication of the predetermined period is sent in a time duration field in a common group downlink control information (DCI) format.

51. The network node according to claim 45-48 of zeoenn / zznz / E / YiAi 139, wherein the processing circuit further operates to: send to the wireless device a value for a timer that the wireless device uses to determine when to stop monitoring the second set of search spaces and start monitoring the first set of search spaces.

52. The network node according to claim 51, wherein the timer value is sent to the wireless device via a radio resource control configuration message.

53. The network node according to any of claims 45-52, wherein the processing circuit further operates to: send search space set group information to the wireless device, wherein the search space set group information indicates a plurality of search space sets and, for each search space set, a group identifier associated with the search space set, wherein the first search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a first value and the second search space set comprises each search space set for which the associated group identifier has a second value.

54. The network node according to claim 53, wherein the indication to change the set of search spaces is sent in a group identifier field of a common group downlink control information (DCI) format, wherein the group identifier field indicates either the first or second value for the group identifier.

55. The network node according to any of claims 45-54, wherein the search space set group information is sent to the wireless device via a radio resource control configuration message.

56. The network node according to any of claims 45-55, wherein the first set of search spaces is configured as a default search space set, and the second set of search spaces is configured as a non-default search space set.

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