FLUID MIXING SET

Abstract

A fluid mixing device for mixing a first injection fluid and a second injection fluid includes a first fluid inlet, a second fluid inlet, a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first and second fluid inlets, and an outlet port in fluid communication with the mixing chamber. The first fluid inlet is configured to convey the first injection fluid in a first direction and has a first redirection surface. The second fluid inlet is configured to convey the second injection fluid in a direction along a different axis from the first direction and has a second redirection surface. The mixing chamber is configured to mix the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid together. The mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid exits the fluid mixing device through the outlet port.

Description

FLUID MIXING SET RECIPROCAL REFERENCE WITH RELATED APPLICATION This application claims priority over United States of America Provisional Application No. 62 / 982.995, filed on February 28, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND TO THE DISCLOSURE This disclosure relates to fluid mixing devices for use with fluid delivery tubing assemblies configured for use with fluid injectors. This disclosure also relates to fluid delivery tubing assemblies that incorporate such fluid mixing devices. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNIQUE In many therapeutic and diagnostic medical procedures, a medical professional, such as a physician or radiologist, injects one or more fluids into a patient using an electromechanical fluid injection system. In recent years, a number of electromechanical fluid injection systems have been developed for use in procedures such as angiography (VC), computed tomography (CT), molecular imaging (such as PET (positron emission tomography)), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In these imaging procedures, a primary injection fluid, such as a contrast agent, can be used to highlight certain internal organs, portions of the circulatory system, or other parts of the body during the imaging process.Meanwhile, a second injection fluid, such as saline or a similar washing agent, may be used to ensure complete injection of the contrast agent bolus and / or to adjust the contrast agent concentration. In some procedures, it may be desirable to administer a mixture of the first and second injection fluids. When administering a mixture of the first and second injection fluids, it is desirable that the two fluids be thoroughly mixed before injection into the patient. However, because the first and second injection fluids typically have different physical properties, such as specific gravity and / or viscosity, the two fluids may not be completely mixed before entering the patient's vascular system, leading to reduced image quality. Therefore, there is a need in this technique for improved fluid delivery systems that promote the mixing of two or more injection fluids before injection into the patient. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE These and other needs can be met by the non-limiting embodiments described herein, which are directed to improved fluid mixing devices and fluid supply tube assemblies that include such devices. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, a fluid mixing device for mixing a first injection fluid and a second injection fluid may include a first fluid inlet configured to direct the first injection fluid in a first direction. The first fluid inlet may have a first redirection surface. The fluid mixing device may further include a second fluid inlet configured to direct the second injection fluid in a second direction. The second fluid inlet may have a second redirection surface. The fluid mixing device may further include a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet and having a third redirection surface. The mixing chamber may be configured to mix the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid.The fluid mixing device may also include an outlet port in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and distal to the first and second fluid inlets. The first redirection surface may be configured to redirect the first injection fluid in a different direction to enter the mixing chamber, and the second redirection surface may be configured to redirect the second injection fluid in a different direction to enter the mixing chamber.The first and second injection directions can be selected so that the first and second injection fluids contact the third redirection surface of the mixing chamber, creating turbulent mixing of the two fluids within the chamber. A mixture of the first and second injection fluids can then exit the mixing device through the outlet port. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, the fluid mixing device may further include at least one control valve at the first fluid inlet and a second control valve at the second fluid inlet. The first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet may be non-circular in cross-section, and the first control valve and the second control valve may be circular in cross-section. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet may have a first inlet port and a second inlet port, respectively. The first redirection surface and the second fluid inlet surface The Ln / zznz / E / YiAi redirection surfaces can be positioned distally in relation to the first input port and the second input port, respectively. The third redirection surface can be positioned proximally in relation to the output port, the first redirection surface, and the second redirection surface. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, the mixing chamber may further include a first inlet, where the first inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface. The first redirection surface may be positioned distal to the first fluid inlet and face at least partially the first inlet to the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber may further include a second inlet, where the second inlet to the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface. The second redirection surface may be positioned distal to the second fluid inlet and face at least partially the second inlet to the mixing chamber. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface may be substantially concave and have a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°. At least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface may be substantially concave and have a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°. The third redirection surface may have a substantially concave surface facing the outlet port. The concave surface may have a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°. The concave surface may have a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, the first control valve may have a first end coupled to a first inlet port of the first fluid inlet and a second end coupled to a first stop element proximal to the first redirection surface. The second control valve may have a first end coupled to a second inlet port of the second fluid inlet and a second end coupled to a second stop element proximal to the second redirection surface. The first control valve and the second control valve may be reversibly compressed between the first and second ends in response to a first fluid pressure from the first injection fluid flowing through the first inlet port and a second fluid pressure from the second injection fluid flowing through the second fluid port, respectively.The first stop element and the second stop element may have a pointed proximal end. The first inlet port and the second inlet port may have a truncated conical end surface. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, the outlet port may have an axis parallel to an axis of the first fluid inlet and an axis of the second fluid inlet. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi fluid. The outlet port axis can extend between the axis of the first fluid inlet and the axis of the second fluid inlet. An axis of the first fluid inlet can be parallel to and offset from an axis of the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port can have an axis generally perpendicular to the axis of the first fluid inlet and the axis of the second fluid inlet. An axis of the first fluid inlet can be generally parallel to an axis of the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port can have an axis generally parallel to and coincident with one of the axes of the first fluid inlet and the axis of the second fluid inlet.A first fluid inlet axis may have an inclination between 130° and 165° with respect to a second fluid inlet axis, and the outlet port may have an inclination of less than 70° with respect to one between the first fluid inlet axis and the second fluid inlet axis. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, each of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface may be concave and oriented in the direction of fluid flow of the first injection fluid into the first fluid inlet and the second injection fluid into the second fluid inlet, respectively. At least one of the components between the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port may have at least partially helical grooves on at least a portion of an inner surface to create a corresponding fluid vortex for the first injection fluid, the second injection fluid, and the mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, the outlet port may have at least one deflector element or mixing element disposed on an internal surface thereof. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, the outlet port may also include an integrated pressure isolator valve. The pressure isolator valve may have a first lumen in fluid communication with the outlet port, a second lumen configured to connect to a pressure transducer, and a valve element between the first lumen and the second lumen, wherein the valve element is configured to isolate the second lumen from the outlet port during a fluid injection procedure. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, a connecting element may be provided on an exterior or interior of at least one between the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, a fluid delivery tubing assembly for delivering fluid from a fluid injector to a patient may include: a first inlet tube configured to deliver a first injection fluid; a second inlet tube configured to deliver a second injection fluid; an outlet tube configured to deliver a mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid to a patient; and a fluid mixing device. The fluid mixing device may include a first fluid inlet configured to direct the first injection fluid in a first direction. The first fluid inlet may have a first redirection surface. The fluid mixing device may further include a second fluid inlet configured to direct the second injection fluid in a second direction.The second fluid inlet may have a second redirection surface. The fluid mixing device may also include a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first and second fluid inlets and have a third redirection surface. The mixing chamber may be configured to mix the first and second injection fluids. The fluid mixing device may also include an outlet port in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and distal to the first and second fluid inlets.The first redirection surface can be configured to redirect the first injection fluid in a different direction to enter the mixing chamber, and the second redirection surface can be configured to redirect the second injection fluid in a different direction to enter the mixing chamber. The first and second different directions can be selected such that the first and second injection fluids contact the third redirection surface of the mixing chamber to mix the first and second injection fluids by turbulence within the mixing chamber.A mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid can exit the fluid mixing device through the outlet port. In some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, a method for turbulently mixing a first injection fluid and a second injection fluid to form a substantially homogeneous mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid may include contacting a fluid flow of the first injection fluid with a first concave redirection surface associated with a first fluid inlet. The method may further include redirecting the fluid flow of the first injection fluid to a first different direction, wherein the first different direction flows at an angle within the range of 90-175° from a fluid flow direction of the first injection fluid and toward a third concave redirection surface in a mixing chamber.The method may also include contacting a fluid flow from the second injection fluid with a second concave redirection surface associated with a second fluid inlet. The method may also include. The method may further include turbulently mixing the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid in the mixing chamber after contact of the first and second injection fluids with the third concave redirection surface to form a mixture of the first and second injection fluids; and redirecting the mixture of the first and second injection fluids through an outlet port of the mixing chamber. One or more of the clauses below list several other non-limiting realizations of this disclosure: Clause 1. A fluid mixing device for mixing a first injection fluid and a second injection fluid, the fluid mixing device comprising: a first fluid inlet configured to conduct the first injection fluid in a first direction, the first fluid inlet having a first redirection surface; a second fluid inlet configured to conduct the second injection fluid in a second direction, the second fluid inlet having a second redirection surface; a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet and having a third redirection surface, the mixing chamber configured to mix the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid; and an outlet port in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and distal to the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet.wherein the first redirection surface is configured to redirect the first injection fluid in a first direction different from the first direction to enter the mixing chamber along the first different direction, and the second redirection surface is configured to redirect the second injection fluid in a second direction different from the second direction to enter the mixing chamber along the second different direction, wherein the first different direction and the second different direction are selected such that the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid contact the third redirection surface of the mixing chamber to turbulently mix the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid in the mixing chamber,and where a mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid exits the fluid mixing device through the outlet port. Clause 2. The fluid mixing device of clause 1, further comprising at least one between a first control valve at the first fluid inlet, and a second control valve at the second fluid inlet. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi Clause 3. The fluid mixing device of clause 2, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a non-circular shape in cross-section, and wherein the first control valve and the second control valve have a circular shape in cross-section. Clause 4. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a first inlet port and a second inlet port, respectively, wherein the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface are positioned distally in relation to the first inlet port and the second inlet port, respectively, and wherein the third redirection surface is positioned proximally in relation to the outlet port, the first redirection surface, and the second redirection surface. Clause 5. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a first inlet, wherein the first inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the first redirection surface is positioned distal to the first fluid inlet and at least partially facing the first inlet to the mixing chamber. Clause 6. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a second inlet, wherein the second inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the second redirection surface is positioned distal to the second fluid inlet and at least partially facing the second inlet to the mixing chamber. Clause 7. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°. Clause 8. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°. Clause 9. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the third redirection surface has a substantially concave surface facing the outlet port. Clause 10. The fluid mixing device of clause 9, wherein the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°. Clause 11. The fluid mixing device of clause 9, wherein the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°. Clause 12. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 2 to 11, wherein the first control valve has a first end coupled with a first inlet port Ln / zznz / E / YiAi in the first fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a first stop element proximal to the first redirection surface, where the second control valve has a first end coupled with a second inlet port in the second fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a second stop element proximal to the second redirection surface, and where the first control valve and the second control valve can be reversibly compressed between the first end and the second end in response to the first fluid pressure of the first injection fluid flowing through the first inlet port and a second fluid pressure of the second injection fluid flowing through the second fluid port, respectively. Clause 13. The fluid mixing device of clause 12, wherein the first stop element and the second stop element have a pointed proximal end. Clause 14. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 13, wherein the first inlet port and the second inlet port have a frustoconical end surface. Clause 15. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 14, wherein the outlet port has an axis parallel to an axis of the first fluid inlet and an axis of the second fluid inlet. Clause 16. The fluid mixing device of clause 15, wherein the outlet port shaft extends between the shaft of the first fluid inlet and the shaft of the second fluid inlet. Clause 17. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 14, wherein a first fluid inlet axis is parallel and offset from a second fluid inlet axis, and wherein the outlet port has an axis generally perpendicular to the first fluid inlet axis and the second fluid inlet axis. Clause 18. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 14, wherein an axis of the first fluid inlet is generally perpendicular to an axis of the second fluid inlet, and wherein the outlet port has an axis generally parallel and coincident with one between the axis of the first fluid inlet and the axis of the second fluid inlet. Clause 19. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 14, wherein a first fluid inlet axis is inclined between 130° and 165° relative to a second fluid inlet axis, and wherein the outlet port has an axis inclined less than 70° relative to one between the first fluid inlet axis and the second fluid inlet axis. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi Clause 20. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 19, wherein each of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is concave in shape and is oriented in the direction of the fluid flow of the first injection fluid in the first fluid inlet and the second injection fluid in the second fluid inlet, respectively. Clause 21. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 20, wherein at least one of the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port has at least partially helical grooves on at least a portion of an inner surface of the at least one of the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port to create a corresponding fluid vortex for the first injection fluid, the second injection fluid, and the mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid. Clause 22. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 21, wherein the outlet port has at least one deflector or mixing element disposed on an internal surface thereof. Clause 23. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 22, wherein the outlet port further comprises a pressure isolator valve integrated therewith. Clause 24. The fluid mixing device of clause 23, wherein the pressure isolator valve comprises a housing having a first lumen in fluid communication with the outlet port, a second lumen configured to connect with a pressure transducer, and a valve element between the first lumen and the second lumen, wherein the valve element is configured to isolate the second lumen from the outlet port during a fluid injection procedure. Clause 25. The fluid mixing device of any of clauses 1 to 24, further comprising a connecting element on an exterior or interior of at least one between the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet and the outlet port. Clause 26. A fluid delivery tube assembly for supplying fluids from a fluid injector to a patient, the fluid delivery tube assembly comprising: a first inlet tube configured to supply a first injection fluid; a second inlet tube configured to supply a second injection fluid; an outer tube configured to supply a mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid to a patient; and a fluid mixing device comprising: a first fluid inlet coupled with the first inlet tube and configured to conduct the first injection fluid in a first direction, the first fluid inlet having a first redirection surface;a second fluid inlet coupled with the second inlet tube and configured to conduct the second injection fluid in a second direction, the second fluid inlet having a second redirection surface; a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet and having a third redirection surface, the mixing chamber configured to mix the first injection fluid and; Ln / zznz / E / YiAi the second injection fluid; and an outlet port coupled with the outlet tube and in fluid communication with the mixing chamber; wherein the first redirection surface is configured to redirect the first injection fluid in a first direction different from the first direction to enter the mixing chamber along the first different direction, and the second redirection surface is configured to redirect the second injection fluid in a second direction different from the second direction to enter the mixing chamber along the second different direction,where the first different direction and the second different direction are selected such that the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid contact the third redirection surface of the mixing chamber to mix by turbulence the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid in the mixing chamber, and where a mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid exits the fluid mixing device through the outlet port. Clause 27. The fluid supply pipe assembly of clause 26, further comprising at least one between a first control valve at the first fluid inlet, and a second control valve at the second fluid inlet. Clause 28. The fluid supply pipe assembly of clause 26 or 27, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a non-circular shape in cross-section, and wherein the first control valve and the second control valve have a circular shape in cross-section. Clause 29. The fluid supply tube assembly of any of clauses 26 to 28, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a first inlet port and a second inlet port, respectively, wherein the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface are positioned distally in relation to the first inlet port and the second inlet port, respectively, and wherein the third redirection surface is positioned proximally in relation to the outlet port, the first redirection surface, and the second redirection surface. Clause 30. The fluid supply tube assembly of any of clauses 26 to 29, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a first inlet, wherein the first inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the first redirection surface is positioned distal to the first fluid inlet and at least partially facing the first inlet to the mixing chamber. Clause 31. The fluid supply tube assembly of any of clauses 26 to 30, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a second inlet, wherein the second inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the second redirection surface is positioned distal to the second fluid inlet and at least partially facing the second inlet to the mixing chamber. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi Clause 32. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 31, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°. Clause 33. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 32, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°. Clause 34. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 33, wherein the third redirection surface has a substantially concave surface facing the outlet port. Clause 35. The fluid supply pipe assembly of clause 34, where the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°. Clause 36. The fluid supply pipe assembly of clause 34, where the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°. Clause 37.The fluid supply tubing assembly of any of clauses 26-36, wherein the first control valve has a first end coupled with a first inlet port at the first fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a first stop element proximal to the first redirection surface, wherein the second control valve has a first end coupled with a second inlet port at the second fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a second stop element proximal to the second redirection surface, and wherein the first control valve and the second control valve can be reversibly compressed between the first end and the second end in response to a first fluid pressure from the first injection fluid flowing through the first inlet port and a second fluid pressure from the second injection fluid flowing through the second fluid port, respectively. Clause 38. The fluid supply tube assembly of clause 37, wherein the first stop element and the second stop element have a pointed proximal end. Clause 39. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 38, wherein the first inlet port and the second inlet port have a truncated conical end surface. Clause 40. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 39, wherein the outlet port has an axis parallel to an axis of the first fluid inlet and an axis of the second fluid inlet. Clause 44. The fluid supply pipe assembly of clause 40, wherein the outlet port axis extends between the axis of the first fluid inlet and the axis of the second fluid inlet. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi Clause 42. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 39, wherein a first fluid inlet axis is parallel and offset from a second fluid inlet axis, and wherein the outlet port has an axis generally perpendicular to the first fluid inlet axis and the second fluid inlet axis. Clause 43. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 39, wherein an axis of the first fluid inlet is generally perpendicular to an axis of the second fluid inlet, and wherein the outlet port has an axis generally parallel and coincident with one between the axis of the first fluid inlet and the axis of the second fluid inlet. Clause 44. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 22 to 39, wherein an axis of the first fluid inlet has an inclination between 130° and 165° relative to an axis of the second fluid inlet, and wherein the outlet port has an axis with an inclination of less than 70° relative to one between the axis of the first fluid inlet and the axis of the second fluid inlet. Clause 45. The fluid supply tube assembly of any of clauses 26 to 44, wherein each of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is concave in shape and is oriented in the direction of fluid flow of the first injection fluid in the first fluid inlet and the second injection fluid in the second fluid inlet, respectively. Clause 46. The fluid supply tube assembly of any of clauses 26 to 45, wherein at least one between the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port has a groove shaped at least partially helically on at least a portion of an inner surface of the at least one between the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port to create a corresponding fluid vortex for at least one between the first injection fluid, the second injection fluid, and the mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid. Clause 47. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 46, wherein the outlet port has at least one deflector element or mixing element disposed on an internal surface thereof. Clause 48. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 47, wherein the outlet port further comprises a pressure isolator valve integrated therewith. Clause 49. The fluid supply pipe assembly of clause 48, wherein the pressure isolator valve comprises a first lumen in fluid communication with the outlet port, a second lumen configured to connect with a pressure transducer, and an element Ln / zznz / E / YiAi of valve between the first lumen and the second lumen, where the valve element is configured to isolate the second lumen from the outlet port during a fluid injection procedure. Clause 50. The fluid supply pipe assembly of any of clauses 26 to 49, further comprising a connecting element on an exterior or interior of at least one between the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet and the outlet port.Clause 51. A method for turbulently mixing a first injection fluid and a second injection fluid to form a substantially homogeneous mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid, the method comprising: contacting a fluid flow of the first injection fluid with a first concave redirection surface associated with a first fluid inlet; redirecting the fluid flow of the first injection fluid towards a first different direction, wherein the first different direction flows at an inclination comprising within the range of 90-175° from a fluid flow direction of the first injection fluid and towards a third concave redirection surface in a mixing chamber; contacting a fluid flow of the second injection fluid with a second concave redirection surface associated with a second fluid inlet;redirecting the fluid flow of the second injection fluid towards a second different direction, where the second different direction flows at an angle within the range of 90-175° from a fluid flow direction of the second injection fluid and towards the third concave redirection surface in the mixing chamber; turbulently mixing the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid in the mixing chamber after contact of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid with the third concave redirection surface to form a mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid; and redirecting the mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid through an outlet port of the mixing chamber. Clause 52. The method of clause 51, further comprising at least one between a first control valve at the first fluid inlet, and a second control valve at the second fluid inlet. Clause 53. The method of clause 52, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a non-circular shape in a cross-section, and wherein the first control valve and the second control valve have a circular shape in a cross-section. Clause 54. The method of any of clauses 51 to 53, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a first inlet port and a second inlet port, respectively, wherein the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface are positioned distally in relation to the first inlet port and the second inlet port, respectively, and wherein the third redirection surface is positioned proximally in relation to the outlet port, the first redirection surface, and the second redirection surface. Clause 55. The method of any of clauses 51 to 54, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a first inlet, wherein the first inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the first redirection surface is in a position distal to the first fluid inlet and at least partially facing the first inlet to the mixing chamber. Clause 56. The method of any of clauses 51 to 55, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a second inlet, wherein the second inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the second redirection surface is positioned distal to the second fluid inlet and at least partially facing the second inlet to the mixing chamber. Clause 57. The method of any of clauses 51 to 56, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°. Clause 58. The method of any of clauses 51 to 57, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°. Clause 59. The method of any of clauses 51 to 58, wherein the third redirection surface has a substantially concave surface facing the output port. Clause 60. The method of clause 59, where the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°. Clause 61. The method of clause 59, where the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°. Clause 62. The method of any of clauses 51 to 60, wherein the first control valve has a first end coupled with a first inlet port at the first fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a first stop element proximal to the first redirection surface, wherein the second control valve has a first end coupled with a second inlet port at the second fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a second stop element proximal to the second redirection surface, and wherein the first control valve and the second control valve can be reversibly compressed between the first end and the second end in response to a first fluid pressure of the first injection fluid flowing through the first inlet port and a second fluid pressure of the second injection fluid flowing through the second fluid port, respectively. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi Clause 74. The method of clause 73, wherein the pressure isolator valve comprises a first lumen in fluid communication with the outlet port, a second lumen configured to connect with a pressure transducer, and a valve element between the first lumen and the second lumen, wherein the valve element is configured to isolate the second lumen from the outlet port during a fluid injection procedure. Clause 75. The method of any of clauses 51 to 74, further comprising a connecting element on an exterior or interior of at least one between the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet and the outlet port. Additional details and advantages of the various embodiments described in detail herein will become clear after reviewing the detailed description below of the various examples together with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.1 is a perspective view of a fluid injection system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of a fluid supply tube assembly that can be used with the fluid injector system of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a profile view of the fluid mixing device for the fluid supply pipe assembly of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a distal end of the fluid mixing device of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a plan view of a proximal end of the fluid mixing device of FIG. 3. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid mixing device of FIGS. 3-5, taken along line A - A in FIG. 4. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fluid mixing device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fluid mixing device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a fluid mixing device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a top view of a fluid mixing device according to another embodiment. FIG. 11 is a side view of the fluid mixing device shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid mixing device of FIGS. 10-11, taken along line B - B in FIG. 11. ίη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a fluid mixing device according to another embodiment. FIG. 14 is a side view of the fluid mixing device shown in FIG. 13. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid mixing device of FIGS. 13-14, taken along line C - C in FIG. 14. FIG. 16 is a top view of a fluid mixing device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 17 is a top view of the fluid mixing device shown in FIG. 16. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid mixing device of FIGS. 16-17, taken along line D - D in FIG. 17. FIGS. 19-21 are a cross-sectional view of fluid mixing devices according to further embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a fluid mixing device according to another embodiment. FIG. 23 is an exploded view of a fluid mixing device shown in FIG. 22. FIG. 24A is a cross-sectional view of the fluid mixing device of FIGS. 22-23, taken along line E - E in FIG. 22, with a control valve shown in the closed position. FIG. 24B is a cross-sectional view of the fluid mixing device of FIGS. 22-23, taken along line E - E in FIG. 22, with a control valve shown in the open position. FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid mixing device of FIGS. 22-23, taken along line F - F in FIG. 22. FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a fluid inlet of the fluid mixing device shown in FIG. 25, taken along line G - G in FIG. 25. FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a fluid inlet of the fluid mixing device shown in FIG. 25, taken along line H - H in FIG. 25. FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a fluid mixing device coupled with a pressure isolator valve according to another embodiment. FIG. 29 is an exploded view of a fluid mixing device shown in FIG. 28. FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid mixing device of FIGS. 28-29, taken along line I - I in FIG. 28. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE From now on, for the purposes of description, the expressions “higher”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “upper”, “lower”, “lateral”, “longitudinal”, and their derivatives will relate to disclosure as they are oriented in the drawings of the figures. Spatial or directional terms, such as “left”, “right”, “inside”, “outside”, “up”, “down” and the like, should not be considered limiting since disclosure can assume several alternative orientations. All numbers used in the specification and claims are to be understood as modified in all cases by the expression "approximately". The terms "approximately", "around" and "substantially" mean a range of plus or minus ten percent of the stated value. Unless otherwise stated, all ranges or ratios disclosed herein are understood to encompass the initial and final values ​​and any subranges or sub-ratios included therein. For example, a range or ratio stated as “1 to 10” is understood to include all subranges or sub-ratios between (and inclusive of) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subranges or sub-ratios that begin with a minimum value of 1 or more and end with a maximum value of 10 or less. The ranges and / or ratios disclosed herein represent the average values ​​over the disclosed range and / or ratio. The terms “first”, “second”, and similar terms are considered not to refer to any particular order or chronology, but rather to different conditions, properties, or elements. All documents referred to herein are incorporated in their entirety by reference. The expression “at least” is synonymous with “greater than or equal to”. As used herein, the expression “at least one among” is synonymous with “one or more of”. For example, the phrase “at least one of A, B, and C” means any one of A, B, and C, or any combination of any two or more of A, B, and C. For example, “at least one of A, B, and C” includes one or more of A only; or one or more of B only; or one or more of C only; or one or more of A and one or more of B; or one or more of A and one or more of C; or one or more of B and one or more of C; or one or more of all A, B, and C. Similarly, as used herein, the expression “at least two of” is synonymous with “two or more of.” For example, the phrase “at least two of D, E, and F” means any combination of any two or more of D, E, and F. For example, “at least two of D, E, and F” includes one or more of D and one or more of E; or one or more of D and one or more of F; or one or more of E and one or more of F; or one or more of all D, E and F. The expressions “comprises” and “comprising”, and similar expressions, do not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed in any claim or in the specification. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi descriptive as a whole. In this descriptive report, “comprises” means “includes” and “comprising” means “that includes”. As used herein, the expressions “parallel” or “substantially parallel” mean a relative angle as between two objects (if extended to the theoretical intersection), such as elongated objects and including reference lines, that is, from 0° to 5°, or from 0° to 3°, or from 0° to 2°, or from 0° to 1°, or from 0° to 0.5°, or from 0° to 0.25°, or from 0° to 0.1°, inclusive of the values ​​mentioned. As used herein, the expressions “perpendicular”, “transverse”, “substantially perpendicular”, or “substantially transverse” mean a relative angle as between two objects at their actual or theoretical intersection is 85° to 90° or 87° to 90°, or 88° to 90°, or 89° to 90°, or 89.5° to 90°, or 89.75° to 90°, or 89.9° to 90°, inclusive of the values ​​mentioned. It should also be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the descriptive report below are merely illustrative examples for the purposes of this disclosure. Therefore, the specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the examples disclosed herein should not be considered limiting. When used in relation to a component of a fluid delivery system, such as a fluid reservoir, syringe, or fluid line, the term “distal” refers to a portion of that component closest to a patient. When used in relation to a component of a fluid delivery system, such as a fluid reservoir, syringe, or fluid line, the term “proximal” refers to a portion of that component closest to the injector of the fluid delivery system (i.e., the portion of that component farthest from the patient). When used in relation to a component of a fluid delivery system, such as a fluid reservoir, syringe, or fluid line, the term “upstream” refers to a direction away from the patient and toward the fluid delivery system.For example, if a first component is referred to as being “upstream” of a second component, the first component is located closer to the injector along the fluid path than the second component is to the injector. When used in relation to a component of a fluid delivery system, such as a fluid reservoir, syringe, or fluid line, the term “downstream” refers to a direction toward the patient and away from the injector of the fluid delivery system. For example, if a first component is referred to as being “downstream” of a second component, the first component is located closer to the patient along the fluid path than the second component is to the patient. Although this disclosure is primarily described with reference to the Stellant CT MEDRAD® injection system, it will become evident to persons with normal training in the technique that this disclosure can be applied to a variety of injection systems. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi, including its associated disposables (e.g., syringes, tubing, etc.), such as those designed for CT, VC, MRI, PET, ultrasound, and other medical injectors configured to inject two or more medical fluids. In certain embodiments, the fluid mixing device may be suitable for use with tubing associated with an angiography injector. Examples of such injection systems include the Salient CT MEDRAD® Injection System, the Stellant FLEX CT MEDRAD® Injection System, the Centargo CT MEDRAD® Injection System, the MRXperion MR MEDRAD® Injection System, the Avanta MEDRAD® Injection System, and the Mark 7 Arterion MEDRAD® Injection System offered by Bayer Healthcare LLC, Indianola, PA. With reference to FIG. 1, a non-limiting example of a fluid injector system 100 according to this disclosure includes at least one fluid reservoir, such as at least one syringe 12 having a reciprocating plunger 14, at least one piston connectable to the plunger 14, and a control fluid module (not illustrated). The fluid injector system 100 may be configured as a contrast injector system for computed tomography (CT), a contrast injector system for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or an angiographic contrast (VC) injector system. The at least one syringe 12 is generally adapted to interface with at least one component of the system, such as a syringe port 13. The fluid injector system 100 is generally configured to deliver at least one fluid F from at least one syringe 12 to a patient during an injection procedure.The fluid injector system 100 is configured to receive and release at least one syringe 12, which is to be filled with at least one fluid F, such as a contrast medium, saline solution, Ringer's lactate, or any other desired medical fluid. The system may be a multi-syringe injector, where several syringes may be oriented side by side or in any other spatial relationship and are actuated separately by respective pistons associated with the injector. The at least one syringe 12 may be oriented in any way, such as upwards, downwards, or positioned at any angle. Continuing with reference to FIG. 1, the injector system 100 may be a twin-syringe fluid injector system used during a medical procedure to inject at least two injection fluids, F1 and F2, into a patient's vascular system by actuating the plungers 14 of respective syringes 12 with an actuating element, such as a piston (not shown). Alternatively, one or both syringes of the twin-head fluid injector system may be replaced with a pump, such as a peristaltic pump, without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The first and second injection fluids, F1 and F2, may be a suitable imaging contrast agent and a flushing fluid, respectively. The piston may be configured to flush plunger 14.After coupling, the at least one piston can displace the plunger 14 towards the distal end 19 of the at least one syringe 12, for example, during a fluid supply operation, as well as retract the plunger 14 towards the proximal end frRQn ίη / ZZΖΠZ / E / YΙΛΙ of the at least one syringe 12, for example, during a filling operation to fill the syringe 12. According to several embodiments, a set of tubes 17 (for example, the first and second fluid conduits 17a and 17b configured to connect respectively to the first and second syringes 12 and a common delivery line 20) can be in fluid communication with an outlet port of each syringe 12 to put each syringe into fluid communication with a catheter or other fluid delivery device to deliver fluid F from each syringe 12 to the vascular access site. The first and second fluid conduits 17a and 17b can be connected to the common delivery line 20 by means of a fluid mixing device 40 according to several embodiments of this disclosure. The fluid injector system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is an open system due to the lack of valves configured to isolate the syringes 12 from each other and from at least a portion of the tube assembly 17.However, it should be understood that distal valves can be added to syringes 12 to convert the fluid injector system 100 of FIG. 1 into a closed system. For accurate and efficient administration of contrast agent volumes during an imaging procedure, many protocols require dual-flow administration, meaning that a mixture of both the contrast agent and saline solution is administered to the patient concurrently. However, because the contrast agent and the flushing fluid (saline) typically have different physical properties, such as specific gravity, viscosity, and / or surface tension, the two solutions may not be completely mixed before entering the patient's vascular system, leading to reduced image quality. For example, in some cases where efficient mixing does not occur, the laminar flow of the less viscous fluid may outpace the slower flow of the more viscous fluid.While Y-connectors and T-connectors that connect two fluid lines to a common delivery line are known, conventional Y-connectors and T-connectors may not provide sufficient mixing of the two fluids. Turbulent mixing can improve the mixing efficiency between the viscous contrast agent and the less viscous saline solution. Examples of connectors having turbulent mixing chambers are described in U.S. Patent No. 9,555,379, which is incorporated herein by reference. This disclosure describes novel fluid mixing devices that provide improved mixing of viscous and less viscous fluids for contrast-enhanced imaging procedures. Figure 2 is a perspective view of a portion of a fluid supply tube assembly 202 that can be used with a dual-head injector, such as the fluid injector system 100 of Figure 1, instead of the tube assembly 17, according to some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure. As shown, the fluid supply tube assembly Ln / zznz / E / YiAi Fluids 202 includes a first inlet line 217a, a second inlet line 217b, an outlet line 220, and a fluid mixing device 240. The first and second inlet lines 217a and 217b are configured to supply a first and second injection fluid, respectively, to the fluid mixing device 240. In one example embodiment, the first and second injection fluids are a contrast medium solution and a saline solution, respectively. Likewise, the outlet line 220 is configured to supply a mixture of the first and second injection fluids from the fluid mixing device 240 to a patient or another component of the downstream fluid pathway (e.g., a main tubing). As will be seen herein, the fluid mixing device 240 is configured to mix the first and second injection fluids. Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 show top, left, right, and cross-sectional views, respectively, of the fluid mixing device 240. As shown in Figure 6, the fluid mixing device 240 has a body defining first and second fluid inlets 242 and 244, each of which is configured to convey a corresponding first and second injection fluid in a corresponding first and second direction 248 and 250. As shown, the second direction 250 is along a different axis 276 than that of the first direction 248. In certain embodiments, the axis of the first direction 248 and the axis of the second direction 250 may be substantially parallel.In other embodiments, the axis of the first direction 248 may have an inclination that forms an acute angle or an obtuse angle with respect to the second direction 250. Continuing with reference to FIG. 6, the first and second fluid inlets 242 and 244 have corresponding first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254. In certain embodiments, one or both of the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 are concave and face the first and second fluid inlets 242 and 244, respectively, to redirect the fluid flow. Furthermore, the fluid mixing device 240 also has a mixing chamber 256 in fluid communication with the first and second fluid inlets 242 and 244 through the first and second mixing chamber inlets 270 and 272, and an outlet port 246 in fluid communication with the mixing chamber 256.The mixing chamber 256 is configured to mix the first and second injection fluids together by turbulence, for example, by turbulence mixing with impact against a third redirection surface 262 in a mixing chamber 256. More specifically, the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 are configured to redirect a first fluid and a second fluid entering through the first and second inlets 242 and 244, respectively, into the mixing chamber 256 via the first and second mixing chamber inlets 270 and 272, where the first and second injection fluids can be mixed by turbulence. Before entering the mixing chamber 256, the first and second injection fluids flow independently through the first and second inlets. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi of fluid 242,244, respectively. When the first and second fluid flow through the first and second fluid inlet 242, 244, respectively, the first and second fluid contact the respective first and second redirection surface 252,254 at distal ends of the first and second fluid inlet 242,244, respectively. The first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 are configured to redirect the first and second injection fluid in corresponding first and second different directions 258 and 260 that are different from the corresponding first and second directions 248 and 250. Due to this deflection, the first and second injection fluid enter the mixing chamber 256 through the first and second mixing chamber inlets 270 and 272 along the corresponding first and second different directions 258 and 260 where the two fluids come into turbulent contact with each other.The first and second different directions 258 and 260 are selected such that the first and second injection fluids contact a third redirection surface 262 at a proximal end of the mixing chamber 256 to mix the first and second injection fluids 256 with each other by turbulence. In some embodiments, the third redirection surface 262 may have a concave end facing the outlet port 246. After mixing, the mixture of the first and second injection fluids exits the fluid mixing device 240 through the outlet port 246 at a distal end of the fluid mixing device 240 in a direction along the third axis 278. In some embodiments, the third axis 278 may be parallel to one or both of the first and second axes 274, 276. In other embodiments, the third axis 278 may be arranged so as to form an acute or obtuse angle with respect to the first and second axes 274, 276. Continuing with reference to FIG. 6, each of the first and second fluid inlets 242 and 244 has corresponding first and second inlet ports 264 and 266, configured to be coupled respectively with a first fluid tube and a second fluid tube (shown in FIG. 2). In some embodiments, the first fluid tube and the second fluid tube can be connected in a removable or non-removable manner to the first and second inlet ports 264, 266. In embodiments where the first fluid tube and the second fluid tube can be connected in a non-removable manner to the first and second inlet ports 264, 266, the first fluid tube and the second fluid tube can be connected to the first and second inlet ports 264, 266 by solvent bonding, laser welding, or other joining means. As shown in FIG. 6, the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 are positioned distally relative to the first and second inlet ports 264 and 266, respectively, and the third redirection surface 262 is positioned proximally relative to the outlet port 246. In one example embodiment, the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 are positioned near the outlet port 246. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi comparison with the position of the third redirection surface and the outlet port 246. Likewise, the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 may be formed at a distal end of the corresponding first and second fluid inlet 242 and 244, and each of the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 at least partially facing the corresponding first and second mixing chamber inlet 270 and 272 to the mixing chamber 256, respectively. Continuing with reference to FIG. 6, at least one of the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 may have a concave surface. The concave surface configuration can improve the redirection nature of the surface with turbulent flow while eliminating corners where bubbles can accumulate or become temporarily suspended during a purging operation. In some embodiments, each of the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 may have a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°, and in other embodiments, it may be greater than or equal to 150°. For example, in particular embodiments, each of the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 may have a radius of curvature between 80° and 160°. In some embodiments, each of the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 may have a radius of curvature between 90° and 180°.Therefore, the injection fluid from each of the inlet lines 217a and 217b contacts the curved redirection surfaces 252 and 254, causing the flow direction of the first and second injection fluids to change. In some embodiments, the curved redirection surfaces 252 and 254 can change the flow direction of the first and second injection fluids, respectively, by an angle between 90° and 150° towards different directions 258 and 260 and towards the mixing chamber 256. Thus, the fluids are stirred by interacting with each other, for example, by turbulence mixing, in the mixing chamber 256 in combination with the additional redirection by the third redirection surface 262.After the fluids are mixed to form a homogeneous solution, the fluid mixture is redirected again by the curve of the third redirection surface 262 along a flow direction of the third axis 278, causing the mixture of the first and second injection fluids to flow downwards through the single outlet line 220. In some embodiments, the third redirection surface 262 may have a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°, more preferably greater than or equal to 150°. In some embodiments, the third redirection surface 262 may have a radius of curvature between 90° and 180°.While some known mixing devices (not shown) incorporate vortex formation with the injection fluids, various mixing devices can still suffer from density separation, for example, the denser fluid swirling away from the less dense fluid, thus preventing complete mixing of the two. The 240 fluid mixing device, on the other hand, produces a substantially complete mixture. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi homogeneous of the first and second injection fluid during the turbulence mixing process. According to several embodiments, the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254 may include concave redirection surfaces facing the fluid directions at the first fluid inlet 242 and the second fluid inlet 244, respectively. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, the first fluid inlet 242, the second fluid inlet 244, and the outlet port 246 all have corresponding axes 274, 276, and 278. In some embodiments, the third axis 278 of the outlet port 246 may be positioned between the first and second axes 274 and 276 of the first and second fluid inlets 242 and 244, respectively. In other embodiments, the third axis 278 of the outlet port 246 may be positioned above or below the first and second axes 274 and 276 of the first and second fluid inlet 242 and 244, respectively.In other embodiments, the third axis 278 of the outlet port 246 may be coaxial with one of the first and second axes 274 and 276 of the first and second fluid inlets 242 and 244. In other embodiments, the first and second different directions 258 and 260 of the fluids entering the mixing chamber 256 may be inclined to each other forming an angle of 0 degrees to 90 degrees so that the first and second fluids directly impact each other and mix by turbulence. In operation, the first injection fluid enters through the first fluid inlet 242 and the second injection fluid enters through the second fluid inlet 244, each from the corresponding first and second inlet lines 217a and 217b (see FIG. 2). The first and second injection fluids then pass through their respective first and second fluid inlets 242 and 244 to reach the first and second redirection surfaces 252 and 254. When the first injection fluid makes contact with the first injection fluid surface 252, the first fluid is redirected in direction 258 toward the mixing chamber 256. Similarly, when the second injection fluid makes contact with the second redirection surface 254 through the first inlet to the mixing chamber 270, the second fluid is redirected in direction 260 from the mixing chamber 256.At this point, the first and second injection fluids, having been redirected to the mixing chamber 256 through the second inlet to the mixing chamber 272, are mixed together by turbulence due to the impact of the flow of the first and second fluids and the third redirection surface 262 in the mixing chamber 256. The mixture of the first and second injection fluids simultaneously makes contact with the third redirection surface 262, after which it is redirected through the outlet port 246 and into the outlet line 220, to be delivered to the patient or to another component of the downstream fluid pathway. According to several embodiments, the first and second fluids can be at least partially redirected to flow in opposite directions, such as one flowing clockwise and the other counterclockwise in the mixing chamber frRQn Ln / Zznz / E / YIAI. 256 such that the flow of the first and second fluids contact and impact head-on to mix by turbulence. For example, the change in inertia associated with the impact of one fluid flowing clockwise and the other fluid flowing counterclockwise results in a solution mixed by turbulence of the first and second fluids when both fluids interact in the mixing chamber 256. Depending on the mixing ratio and the flow rates of the first and second injection fluids, the first and second injection fluids may mix only in the mixing chamber 256, or in the mixing chamber 256 and in the area of ​​at least one of the first redirection surface 252 and the second redirection surface 254. Figure 7 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the fluid mixing device 340, according to another example in this disclosure, wherein at least one of the first fluid inlet 342, the second fluid inlet 344, and the outlet port 346 includes a helical “grooving” pattern on an inner surface to impart more rotation and direction to the respective fluid flow at the inlet and / or outlet and to enhance the mixing by turbulence of the first and second fluids. The pattern may include one or more at least partially helical protrusions or indentations indented in or projecting from the inner surface of at least one of the first fluid inlet 342, the second fluid inlet 344, and the outlet port 346. The pattern imparts a rotation to the fluid flow within the corresponding fluid pathway. In the example in Figure 7, the pattern...7, each of the first fluid inlet 342, the second fluid inlet 344, and the outlet port 346 have at least partially helical portions 343, 345, and 347 to generate a corresponding fluid vortex for at least one of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid, and the mixture of the first and second injection fluids, respectively, when the respective fluids flow through the channels. The helical portion in one of the inlets or the outlet may be oriented (clockwise or counterclockwise) in the same or a different direction and may have different dimensions or fluting than the helical portion in other portions of the mixing device 340.Although each of the first and second fluid inlets 342 and 344 and the outlet port 346 have helical portions 343, 345, and 347, it will be appreciated that any number of the aforementioned regions can be provided with a helical portion without departing from the scope of the disclosed concept. By having helical portions 343, 345, and 347, the mixing can be further advantageously improved. It will be appreciated that the fluid mixing device 340 in all other respects functions in the same way as the fluid mixing device 240 described above. In another embodiment of a fluid mixing device 440 of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 8, the outlet port 446 of the fluid mixing device 440 may have one or more baffle elements or mixing elements 447 located therein. The baffle element 447 may advantageously improve the mixing of the first and second Ln / zznz / E / YiAi injection fluid. It will be appreciated that the fluid mixing device 440 in all other respects functions in the same way as the fluid mixing device 240 described above. In other embodiments, the fluid mixing device may include one or more deflector elements or mixing elements in one or both of the first and second fluid inlets. Figure 9 shows a further example of a fluid mixing device 540, according to another embodiment of this disclosure. As shown, the fluid mixing device 540 may include a first valve 543 in the first fluid inlet 542 configured to prevent backflow of the second injection fluid into the first fluid inlet 542 and fluid line 217a. Likewise, the fluid mixing device 540 may include a second valve 545 in the second fluid inlet 544 configured to prevent backflow of the first injection fluid into the second fluid inlet 544 and fluid line 217b.With typical injection pressures for a fluid injection procedure, when the pressure of one fluid in the upstream fluid path and fluid inlet is higher than the pressure of the other fluid in the upstream fluid path and fluid inlet, backflow of the higher-pressure fluid into the lower-pressure fluid path can result in unwanted mixing of the fluids in the upstream fluid path or other upstream components of the fluid injection system. This can lead to inaccurate dosing of the contrast agent due to the unintended mixing of the two fluids before controlled mixing in the fluid mixing device and can result in reduced image quality and unnecessary patient exposure to excess contrast agent. In all other respects, the 540 fluid mixing device operates the same as the 240 fluid mixing device. In another embodiment of a fluid mixing device 640 of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 10-12, the first direction 648 (Figure 12) is parallel, opposite, and offset from the second direction 650 (Figure 12). Also, as shown, the outlet port 646 of the fluid mixing device 640 has an axis 678 generally perpendicular to the first and second directions 648 and 650. Accordingly, the fluid mixing device 640 provides indirect mixing rather than head-to-head mixing of the two fluids. For example, the first direction 648 and the second direction 646 facilitate direct collision of the streamlines of half the diameter of the tube cross-section and indirect mixing of the other half of the streamlines.That is, due to the displacement of the two opposite fluid directions 648 and 650, in one half of the fluid mixing region direct mixing occurs and in the other half indirect mixing occurs. In another embodiment of a fluid mixing device 740 of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 13-15, the first direction 748 is generally perpendicular to the second direction 750. Likewise, the outlet port 746 of the fluid mixing device 740 may have an axis 778 generally parallel and coincident with an axis 774 of Ln / zznz / E / YiAi the first fluid inlet 742. In an alternative embodiment, the fluid mixing device 740 (not shown) may have a shaft 778 of an outlet port 746 generally parallel and coincident with a shaft of a second fluid inlet 744. At least one notch 745 may be provided between two of the first fluid inlet 742, the second fluid inlet 744, and the outlet port 746. The notch 745 may be provided to conserve material in a transition area between two of the first fluid inlet 742, the second fluid inlet 744, and the outlet port 746 to facilitate molding of the fluid mixing device 740. According to these embodiments, perpendicular collision of the fluid paths of the first fluid and the second fluid in the fluid mixing device 740 may create turbulent mixing of the two fluids and limit and / or break any laminar flow of one fluid relative to another fluid. Including another embodiment of a fluid mixing device 840 of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 16-18, the first direction 848 may have an inclination of between 130° and 165° with respect to the second direction 850. Furthermore, the outlet port 846 of the fluid mixing device 840 may have an axis 878 with an inclination of less than 70° with respect to the first direction 848. In an alternative embodiment of the fluid mixing device 840 (not shown), the outlet port 846 may have an axis 878 with an inclination of less than 70° with respect to the second direction 850. According to these embodiments, the inclined but substantially opposing flow paths of the first fluid and the second fluid in the fluid mixing device 840 may create turbulent mixing of the two fluids and limit and / or disrupt any laminar flow of one fluid relative to the other.Other examples of fluid mixing devices 940A, 940B, and 940C, according to various embodiments of this disclosure, are shown in Figures 19-21. According to these embodiments, the fluid mixing device 940A, 940B, and 940C has a 90-degree T-connector design with one or more offset fluid paths to improve the mixing of the first and second fluids. With reference to Figure 19, the fluid mixing device 940A includes a first fluid inlet 942A and a second fluid inlet 944A for a first and second fluid, respectively, and a fluid outlet 946A. As can be seen in Figure 19, the flow axis of the first fluid 948A is offset from the flow axis of the second fluid 950A and from the flow axis of the fluid outlet 978A.Fluid mixing occurs at least in the fluid mixing region 980A where the displaced fluid flow lines of the first fluid along axis 948A interact with the fluid flow lines of the second fluid line along axis 950A to create turbulent mixing in the fluid mixing region 980A, which can be further enhanced by shifting the outlet flow axis 978A towards the fluid outlet 946A. With reference to FIG. 20, the fluid mixing device 940B includes a first fluid inlet 942B and a second fluid inlet 944B for a first fluid and a second fluid. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi fluid respectively, and a fluid outlet 946B. The fluid mixing device 940B also includes a turbulent fluid mixing chamber 956B where additional turbulent mixing can be produced. As can be seen in FIG. 20, the flow axis of the first fluid 948B is offset from the flow axis of the second fluid 950B and from the flow axis of the fluid outlet 978B. Fluid mixing occurs at least in the fluid mixing region 980B where the fluid mixing chamber 956B and the displaced fluid flow lines of the first fluid along axis 948B interact with the fluid flow lines of the second fluid line along axis 950B to create turbulent mixing in the fluid mixing region 980B, which can be further enhanced by shifting the outlet flow axis 978B towards the fluid outlet 946B. With reference to FIG. 21, the fluid mixing device 940C includes a first fluid inlet 942C and a second fluid inlet 944C for a first and second fluid, respectively, and a fluid outlet 946C. The fluid mixing device 940C also includes a turbulent fluid mixing chamber 956C where additional turbulent mixing can be produced. As can be seen in FIG. 21, the flow axis of the first fluid 948C is offset from the flow axis of the outlet fluid 978C, particularly on the flow path side opposite the second fluid inlet 944C.Fluid mixing occurs at least in the fluid mixing region 980C where the fluid mixing chamber 956C and the displaced fluid flow lines of the first fluid along axis 948C interact with the fluid flow lines of the second fluid line along axis 950C to create turbulent mixing in the fluid mixing region 980C, which can be further enhanced by shifting the outlet flow axis 978C towards the fluid outlet 946C. Figure 22 is a perspective view of a fluid mixing device 1040 according to some non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure. The fluid mixing device 1040 can be used as part of a fluid supply pipe assembly, such as the fluid supply pipe assembly 202 shown in Figure 2, wherein the fluid mixing device 1040 is connected to a pair of fluid inlet lines and an outlet line. As shown in Figure 22, the fluid mixing device 1040 has a body defining first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044, each of which is configured to convey a corresponding first and second injection fluid.The fluid mixing device 1040 further has an outlet port 1046 that is configured to supply a mixture of the first and second injection fluid from the fluid mixing device 1040 to the patient or another downstream fluid pathway component. With reference to FIG. 23, which is an exploded perspective view of the fluid mixing device 1040 shown in FIG. 22, the fluid mixing device 1040 has a body 1041 with a first portion 1043 and a second portion 1045. In some In embodiments Ln / zznz / E / YiAi, the first portion 1043 and the second portion 1045 can be manufactured separately and are connected together to form the body 1041 of the fluid mixing device 1040. It is convenient for the first portion 1043 and the second portion 1045 to be connected in a non-removable manner, such as by adhesive, welding (e.g., laser welding or ultrasonic welding), friction fit, solvent bonding, or another non-removable connecting mechanism. In some embodiments, the first portion 1043 and the second portion 1045 can be removably connected to each other. Continuing with reference to FIG. 23, the first portion 1043 defines a portion of the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044, and has a receiving cavity 1047 to receive a control valve 1049 in each of the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044. The second portion 1045 has a corresponding inner cavity 1051 (shown in FIG. 24A) that is configured to receive the first portion 1043, including the control valves 1049. A second part of the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044 is defined by the inner cavity 1051 of the second portion 1045 (shown in FIGS. 24A-24B). Once the first portion 1043, including the control valves 1049, is inserted into the second portion 1045, the first portion 1043 and the second portion 1045 can be joined at one or more contact points between the first portion 1043 and the second portion 1045. Each control valve 1049 can be configured to prevent backflow of the first and second injection fluids during injection procedures where the fluid pressures in the first and second tubes supplying the first and second injection fluids to the fluid mixing device 1040 are not equal. The control valves 1049 can be made of a compressible material, such as an elastomeric polymer, which can be compressed under the pressurized flow of fluid from an expanded to a compressed state. The compressible material can be selected to provide the appropriate rigidity so that the control valve opens at a selected fluid pressure. The control valves 1049 can also be used to isolate the fluid injection system from interference with a hemodynamic blood pressure signal, as discussed herein with reference to the FIGS.28-30. In some embodiments, the control valves 1049 can be used to isolate contamination from one patient to another when the fluid mixing device 1040 is configured for multi-patient use. Likewise, the control valves 1049 prevent the “drilling” of the first and second injection fluids to the outlet after injection of the first and second fluids has ceased, such as due to the release of accumulated capacity or “bulging” of the fluid injector components under pressure. With reference to FIGS. 24A-24B, which show a plan view of a cross-section of the fluid mixing device 1040 taken along line F - F shown in FIG. 22, the control valves 1049 are shown positioned in the receiving cavity 1047 of each of Ln / zznz / E / YiAi the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044 and the first portion 1043. The receiving cavity 1047 of each valve 1049 is aligned with a fluid flow direction through each of the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044. Each control valve 1049 has a proximal end 1053 that is configured to be in contact with a corresponding unsealing face 1055 on the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044 in the first portion 1043 when the control valve 1049 is in a closed position (FIG. 24A), and that is configured to separate from the sealing face 1055 on the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044 in the first portion 1043 when the control valve 1049 is in a position open (FIG. 24B).Each control valve 1049 further has a distal end 1057 that is coupled with a stop element 1059 positioned within each of the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044. In some embodiments, each stop element 1059 may be a support structure that is connected to an inner side wall of the respective first and second fluid inlet 1042, 1044 downstream of the control valve 1049 and is configured to prevent displacement of the distal end 1057 of the control valve 1049, thereby allowing the control valve 1049 to be compressed when subjected to a pressure force at the proximal end 1053.In some embodiments, each stop element 1059 may have a pointed proximal end 1071 configured to reduce the contact area with the control valve 1049, thereby enabling greater compression of the control valve 1049 between its proximal and distal ends 1053 and 1057 with lower fluid pressure. For example, under pressure, the distal end 1057 may compress and mold around the pointed proximal end 1061 of the stop element 1059, allowing the outer circumference of the proximal end 1053 to release more easily from the sealing surface 1055. In this way, the pointed stop element 1059 allows for reduced pressure drops by facilitating opening during injections compared to stop elements with a flat bearing surface. In some embodiments, the stop element 1059 is made of a silicone material. During an injection procedure, the first and second injection fluids are forced under pressure through the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044 such that the first and second fluids contact the respective proximal ends 1053 of the control valves 1049. Initially, the proximal ends 1053 contact the sealing face 1055 in the first portion 1043 (FIG. 24A) to block the passage of the first and second injection fluids through the control valve 1049. As the fluid pressure builds, the force on the proximal end 1053 of the control valves 1049 increases. Due to the compressible nature of each control valve 1049, the proximal end 1053 is forced distally, creating a gap between the proximal end 1053 of the control valves 1049 and the sealing face. 1055 in the first portion 1043. As shown in FIG.24B, this gap forms only when sufficient fluid pressure P is imparted on the proximal end 1053, such as, for example, during a typical injection procedure. The pressurized first and second injection fluids then travel around the respective control valves 1049 and through the fluid mixing device 1040, as described herein. During the injection procedure, if the pressure of one of the first and second injection fluids is greater than the pressure of the other first and second injection fluids, the control valve 1049 at the lower-pressure fluid inlet may be closed to prevent backflow of the fluid in an upstream direction, for example, due to back pressure from the higher-pressure fluid on the distal end 1055 of the lower-pressure control valve 1049.Once the injection procedure is complete, the resilient nature of each control valve 1049 causes it to expand axially, such that the proximal end 1053 merges with the sealing face 1055 in the first portion 1043, preventing additional fluid from passing through the control valve 1049. This prevents any excess fluid from flowing through the fluid mixing device 1040 after the injection procedure is complete. It also prevents any backflow of one fluid into the other fluid path. With reference to FIG. 25 and continuing with reference to FIGS. 24A-24B, each control valve 1049 is dimensioned such that its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of a channel 1060 defined by the receiving cavity 1047 of the first portion 1043 (shown in FIGS. 23A-24B) and the corresponding inner cavity 1051 of the second portion 1045 of the body 1043 (shown in FIG. 26). In this way, the fluid can pass around the body of each control valve 1049 and through the channel 1060. In some embodiments, the channel 1060 may have a non-circular cross-section, and the control valve 1049 may have a circular cross-section. In this way, channel 1060 defines a flow path for the first and second injection fluid to flow around the respective control valves 1049, when control valve 1049 is in the open position. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 26, the channel 1060 may have a grooved cross-section with one or more channels 1061. In embodiments where the channel 1060 has a plurality of channels 1061, the channels 1061 may be spaced with equal or unequal spacing around a perimeter of the channel 1060. The number of channels 1061, the radial depth, and / or the circumferential width of the channels 1061 may be selected based on the desired flow rate of the first and second fluid through the channel 1061 when the respective control valves 1049 are in the open position. It is desirable that each control valve 1049 be an elastomeric part that is at least partially compressible in a longitudinal direction when actuated by fluid pressure. The control valve 1049 at the first fluid inlet 1042 may be the same as or different from the control valve 1049 at the second fluid inlet 1044. In some embodiments, the opening pressure of each control valve 1049 can be selected on the Ln / zznz / E / YiAi based on the characteristics of the fluid injector, and / or the characteristics of the first and second injection fluid, such as the fluid viscosity, and the temperature range, flow rate range, and pressure range at which the first and second injection fluid will be injected. With reference to FIG. 27, an inlet opening 1065 surrounding the sealing face 1055 (shown in FIG. 24A) may have a shape that corresponds to the shape of the channel 1060 (shown in FIG. 25). The inlet opening 1065 may have a taper 1067 that slopes radially inward in a direction from the proximal end to the distal end of the fluid mixing device 1040. The cross-sectional shape of the inlet opening 1065 is selected to achieve a low pressure drop and a low opening pressure for the control valve 1049. With reference to Figures 24A-24B, it will be seen that the fluid mixing device 1040 creates turbulent mixing of the first and second fluids similar to the fluid mixing device 240, discussed herein. As shown in Figures 24A-24B, the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044 have corresponding first and second redirection surfaces 1052 and 1054. Furthermore, the fluid mixing device 1040 also has a mixing chamber 1056 in fluid communication with the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044 and an outlet port 1046 in fluid communication with the mixing chamber 1056. The mixing chamber 1056 is configured to turbulently mix the first and second injection fluids with each other. Continuing with reference to Figures 24A-24B, the first and second redirection surfaces 1052 and 1054 are configured to redirect a first fluid and a second fluid entering through the first and second fluid inlets 1042 and 1044, respectively, into the mixing chamber 1056, where the first and second injection fluids can then be mixed by turbulence. As discussed herein with reference to Figure 6, the first and second redirection surfaces 1052 and 1054 are configured to redirect the first and second injection fluids in corresponding first and second different directions, which are different from the corresponding first and second different directions in which the first and second injection fluids flow before contacting the first and second redirection surfaces 1052 and 1054.Due to this deflection, the first and second injection fluids enter the mixing chamber 1056 along the corresponding first and second different directions and contact a third redirection surface 1062 at a proximal end of the mixing chamber 1056 to mix the first and second injection fluids together by turbulence in the mixing chamber 1056. After mixing, the mixture of the first and second injection fluids exits the fluid mixing device 1040 through the outlet port 1046 at a distal end of the fluid mixing device 1040. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi With reference to FIG. 25, the outlet port 1046 may have a connecting element 1070 configured to allow removable connection of the outlet port 1046 to outlet tubes, such as the outlet line 220 shown in FIG. 2. The connecting element 1070 may be a male luer lock configured to removably connect to a corresponding female luer lock at the proximal end of the outlet line 220. In some embodiments, the connecting element 1070 may be a female luer lock configured to removably connect to a corresponding male luer lock at the proximal end of the outlet line 220. In other embodiments, fluid path connectors such as those described in PCT International Applications Nos. PCT / US2021 / 018523 and PCT / US2016 / 063448, disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.In this way, the 1040 fluid mixing device can be removably connected with a 220 outlet line to allow the use of the 1040 fluid mixing device with multiple patients, for example, if one or more control valves are connected upstream of the connector at the 1046 outlet port. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 28-30, a fluid mixing device 1140 has a body 1141 defining first and second inlets 1142 and 1144, each configured to convey a corresponding first and second injection fluid. The body of the fluid mixing device 1140 further includes an outlet port 1146 configured to supply a mixture of the first and second injection fluids to outlet tubes (not shown). The body 1141 has a first portion 1143 and a second portion 1145 that are connected to each other in a removably or non-removably manner. A control valve 1149 is disposed in a channel 1155 of each of the first and second fluid inlet 1142 and 1144 (shown in FIG. 29) and is configured to be opened under pressure to allow flow of the first and second injection fluid to the outlet port 1146.The structure and functionality of the fluid mixing device 1140 shown in FIGS. 28-30 are substantially identical to the structure and functionality of the fluid mixing device 1040 described herein with reference to FIGS. 22-27. Consequently, only the relative differences between the two embodiments will be discussed below. With reference to FIGS. 28-30, outlet port 1146 may have a pressure isolator valve 1150 configured to allow a pressure transducer to be connected to the fluid path so that hemodynamic blood pressure signal readings can be obtained during fluid delivery. The pressure isolator valve 1150 isolates the high-pressure fluid injector system from interfering with a low-pressure measurement of a hemodynamic blood pressure signal. ίη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ The pressure isolator valve 1150 includes a housing 1152, which may be a unitary structure or, preferably, a multi-piece structure as shown in FIG. 29. For example, the housing 1152 is a two-piece housing comprising a first portion 1152a and a second portion 1152b, which are adapted to connect to each other to form the housing 1150. The first and second portions 1152a and 1152b are preferably formed to be non-removably coupled to each other. Non-limiting examples of suitable pressure isolator valves are described in U.S. Patents Nos. 6,866,654, 7,611,503, 8,919,384, and 8,992,489, disclosures of which are incorporated by reference. With reference to FIG. 30, the first portion 1152a of the housing 1152 defines a high-pressure lumen 1154, which forms a high-pressure side of the pressure isolator valve 1150. The high-pressure lumen 1154 is in fluid communication with the outlet port 1146. The second portion 1152b of the housing 1152 defines a low-pressure lumen 1156, which generally forms a low-pressure side of the pressure isolator valve 1150. The second portion 1152b of the housing 1152 further includes a pressure isolation port 1158 to which a pressure transducer (not shown) can be connected. The structure forming the pressure isolation port 1158 can terminate in a luer connector or other suitable medical connector for connecting a pressure transducer to the pressure isolation port 1158. The first and second portions 1152a, 1152b of the housing 1152 may define an internal chamber 1160 generally in fluid communication with the high-pressure lumen 1154 and the low-pressure lumen 1156. An internal valve element 1162 is located in the internal chamber 1160 and tends to a normally open position, where the high-pressure lumen 1154 is in fluid communication with the low-pressure lumen 1156. The valve element 1162 is generally further adapted to isolate the low-pressure lumen 1156 once the fluid pressure in the high-pressure lumen 1154 reaches a predetermined pressure. The low-pressure light 1156 further includes a flow-start port 1164 having a flow-start valve 1166 that is generally adapted to initiate a small flow around the valve element 1162 such that the valve element 1162 operates toward a substantially closed position at the start of the flow. Although various embodiments of fluid mixing devices for mixing two injection fluids have been described herein, similar fluid mixing devices may have a total of three or even four fluid inlets, each with its corresponding redirection surfaces, where the fluid inlets are in fluid communication with a mixing chamber similar to that described herein. Such fluid mixing devices are included within the scope of this disclosure. Although various embodiments of fluid mixing devices and tubing assemblies for fluid delivery to patients were provided in the preceding description, those skilled in the art may make modifications and alterations to these examples without departing from the scope Ln / zznz / E / YiAi nor the spirit of the disclosure. Accordingly, the preceding description is intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive. The disclosure described above is defined by the appended claims, and all changes to the disclosure that fall within the meaning and range of equivalence of the claims shall be deemed to be within their scope.

Claims

1. A fluid mixing device for mixing a first injection fluid and a second injection fluid, the fluid mixing device comprising: a first fluid inlet configured to conduct the first injection fluid in a first direction, the first fluid inlet having a first redirection surface; a second fluid inlet configured to conduct the second injection fluid in a second direction, the second fluid inlet having a second redirection surface; a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet and having a third redirection surface,the mixing chamber configured to mix the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid; and an outlet port in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and distal to the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet; wherein the first redirection surface is configured to redirect the first injection fluid in a first direction different from the first direction to enter the mixing chamber along the first different direction, and the second redirection surface is configured to redirect the second injection fluid in a second direction different from the second direction to enter the mixing chamber along the second different direction,where the first different direction and the second different direction are selected such that the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid contact the third redirection surface of the mixing chamber to mix by turbulence the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid in the mixing chamber, and where a mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid exits the fluid mixing device through the outlet port.

2. The fluid mixing device of claim 1, further comprising at least one control valve between a first control valve at the first fluid inlet and a second control valve at the second fluid inlet. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi 3. The fluid mixing device of claim 2, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a non-circular shape in cross-section, and wherein the first control valve and the second control valve have a circular shape in cross-section.

4. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a first inlet port and a second inlet port, respectively, wherein the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface are positioned distally relative to the first inlet port and the second inlet port, respectively, and wherein the third redirection surface is positioned proximally relative to the outlet port, the first redirection surface, and the second redirection surface.

5. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a first inlet, wherein the first inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the first redirection surface is positioned distal to the first fluid inlet and at least partially facing the first inlet to the mixing chamber.

6. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a second inlet, wherein the second inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the second redirection surface is positioned distal to the second fluid inlet and at least partially facing the second inlet to the mixing chamber.

7. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°.

8. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°.

9. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the third redirection surface has a substantially concave surface facing the outlet port. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi 10. The fluid mixing device of claim 9, wherein the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°.

11. The fluid mixing device of claim 9, wherein the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°.

12. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 2 to 11, wherein the first control valve has a first end coupled with a first inlet port in the first fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a first stop element proximal to the first redirection surface, wherein the second control valve has a first end coupled with a second inlet port in the second fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a second stop element proximal to the second redirection surface, and wherein the first control valve and the second control valve can be reversibly compressed between the first end and the second end in response to the first fluid pressure of the first injection fluid flowing through the first inlet port and a second fluid pressure of the second injection fluid flowing through the second fluid port, respectively.

13. The fluid mixing device of claim 12, wherein the first stop element and the second stop element have a pointed proximal end.

14. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the first inlet port and the second inlet port have a frustoconical end surface.

15. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the outlet port has an axis parallel to an axis of the first fluid inlet and an axis of the second fluid inlet.

16. The fluid mixing device of claim 15, wherein the outlet port shaft extends between the shaft of the first fluid inlet and the shaft of the second fluid inlet.

17. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein a first fluid inlet axis is parallel to and offset from a second fluid inlet axis, and wherein the outlet port has an axis generally perpendicular to the first fluid inlet axis and the second fluid inlet axis. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi 18. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein an axis of the first fluid inlet is generally perpendicular to an axis of the second fluid inlet, and wherein the outlet port has an axis generally parallel and coincident with one between the axis of the first fluid inlet and the axis of the second fluid inlet.

19. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein a first fluid inlet axis has an inclination between 130° and 165° relative to a second fluid inlet axis, and wherein the outlet port has an axis with an inclination of less than 70° relative to one between the first fluid inlet axis and the second fluid inlet axis.

20. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 19, wherein each of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is concave in shape and is oriented in the direction of the fluid flow of the first injection fluid in the first fluid inlet and the second injection fluid in the second fluid inlet, respectively.

21. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 20, wherein at least one of the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port has at least partially helical grooves on at least a portion of an inner surface of the at least one of the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port to create a corresponding fluid vortex for the at least one of the first injection fluid, the second injection fluid, and the mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid.

22. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 21, wherein the outlet port has at least one deflector or mixing element disposed on an internal surface thereof.

23. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 22, wherein the outlet port further comprises a pressure isolator valve integrated therewith.

24. The fluid mixing device of claim 23, wherein the pressure isolator valve comprises a housing having a first lumen in fluid communication with the outlet port, a second lumen configured to connect with a pressure transducer, and a valve element between the first lumen and the second lumen, wherein the valve element is configured to isolate the second lumen from the outlet port during a fluid injection procedure.

25. The fluid mixing device of any of claims 1 to 24, further comprising a connecting element on the outside or inside of at least one between the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet and the outlet port.

26. A fluid delivery tube assembly for delivering fluids from a fluid injector to a patient, the fluid delivery tube assembly comprising: a first inlet tube configured to deliver a first injection fluid; a second inlet tube configured to deliver a second injection fluid; an outlet tube configured to deliver a mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid to a patient; and the fluid mixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 24 27. A method for turbulently mixing a first injection fluid and a second injection fluid to form a substantially homogeneous mixture of the first injection fluid with the second injection fluid, the method comprising: contacting a fluid flow of the first injection fluid with a first concave redirection surface associated with a first fluid inlet; redirecting the fluid flow of the first injection fluid towards a first different direction, wherein the first different direction flows at an inclination within the range of 90-175° from a fluid flow direction of the first injection fluid and towards a third concave redirection surface in a mixing chamber; contacting a fluid flow of the second injection fluid with a second concave redirection surface associated with a second fluid inlet;redirecting the fluid flow of the second injection fluid to a second different direction, where the second different direction flows at an angle within the range of 90-175° from a fluid flow direction of the second injection fluid and towards the third concave redirection surface in the mixing chamber; turbulently mixing the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid in the mixing chamber after contact of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid with the third concave redirection surface to form a mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid; and redirecting the mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid through an outlet port of the mixing chamber. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi; 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising at least one between a first control valve at the first fluid inlet, and a second control valve at the second fluid inlet.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a non-circular shape in a cross-section, and wherein the first control valve and the second control valve have a circular shape in a cross-section.

30. The method of any of claims 27 to 29, wherein the first fluid inlet and the second fluid inlet have a first inlet port and a second inlet port, respectively, wherein the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface are positioned distally relative to the first inlet port and the second inlet port, respectively, and wherein the third redirection surface is positioned proximally relative to the outlet port, the first redirection surface, and the second redirection surface.

31. The method of any of claims 27 to 330, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a first inlet, wherein the first inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the first redirection surface is positioned distal to the first fluid inlet and at least partially facing the first inlet to the mixing chamber.

32. The method of any of claims 27 to 31, wherein the mixing chamber further comprises a second inlet, wherein the second inlet of the mixing chamber is distal to the third redirection surface, and wherein the second redirection surface is positioned distal to the second fluid inlet and at least partially facing the second inlet to the mixing chamber.

33. The method of any of claims 27 to 32, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°.

34. The method of any of claims 27 to 33, wherein at least one of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is substantially concave and has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°.

35. The method of any of claims 27 to 34, wherein the third redirection surface has a substantially concave surface facing the outlet port.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 90°.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein the concave surface has a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 150°.

38. The method of any of claims 27 to 37, wherein the first control valve has a first end coupled with a first inlet port in the first fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a first stop element proximal to the first redirection surface, wherein the second control valve has a first end coupled with a second inlet port in the second fluid inlet and a second end coupled with a second stop element proximal to the second redirection surface, and wherein the first control valve and the second control valve can be reversibly compressed between the first end and the second end in response to a first fluid pressure from the first injection fluid flowing through the first inlet port and a second fluid pressure from the second injection fluid flowing through the second fluid port, respectively.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the first stop element and the second stop element have a pointed proximal end.

40. The method of any of claims 27 to 39, wherein the first inlet port and the second inlet port have a truncated conical end surface.

41. The method of any of claims 27 to 40, wherein the outlet port has an axis parallel to an axis of the first fluid inlet and an axis of the second fluid inlet.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the outlet port shaft extends between the shaft of the first fluid inlet and the shaft of the second fluid inlet.

43. The method of any of claims 27 to 40, wherein a first fluid inlet axis is parallel and offset from a second fluid inlet axis, and wherein the outlet port has an axis generally perpendicular to the first fluid inlet axis and the second fluid inlet axis.

44. The method of any of claims 27 to 40, wherein an axis of the first fluid inlet is generally perpendicular to an axis of the second fluid inlet, and wherein the outlet port has an axis generally parallel and coincident with one between the axis of the first fluid inlet and the axis of the second fluid inlet.

45. The method of any of claims 27 to 40, wherein a first fluid inlet axis has an inclination between 130° and 165° relative to a second fluid inlet axis, and wherein the outlet port has an axis with an inclination of less than 70° relative to one between the first fluid inlet axis and the second fluid inlet axis.

46. ​​The method of any of claims 27 to 45, wherein each of the first redirection surface and the second redirection surface is concave in shape and is oriented in the direction of the fluid flow of the first injection fluid in the first fluid inlet and the second injection fluid in the second fluid inlet, respectively.

47. The method of any of claims 27 to 46, wherein at least one of the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port has at least partially helical grooves on at least a portion of an inner surface of the at least one of the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet, and the outlet port to create a corresponding fluid vortex for the at least one of the first injection fluid, the second injection fluid, and the mixture of the first injection fluid and the second injection fluid.

48. The method of any of claims 27 to 46, wherein the outlet port has at least one deflector element or mixing element disposed on an internal surface thereof.

49. The method of any of claims 27 to 48, wherein the outlet port further comprises a pressure isolator valve integrated therewith.

50. The method of claim 49, wherein the pressure isolator valve comprises a first lumen in fluid communication with the outlet port, a second lumen configured to connect to a pressure transducer, and a valve element between the first and second lumens, wherein the valve element is configured to isolate the second lumen from the outlet port during a fluid injection procedure. Ln / zznz / E / YiAi 51. The method of any of claims 27 to 50, further comprising a connecting element on an exterior or interior of at least one between the first fluid inlet, the second fluid inlet and the outlet port.

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