VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR INSPECTION MOUTH VAULT.

Abstract

A system for use with a manhole vault containing an internal atmosphere and, optionally, with a vent stack connecting the vault to an external atmosphere. The system includes a manhole cover, a vent pipe, and an air movement assembly. The cover has one or more passage holes extending between its upper and lower surfaces. Each of the one or more passage holes is in fluid communication with the external atmosphere at the upper surface. The pipe has a passage channel extending between the first and second openings. The first opening is located near an opening in the vent stack or at least one of the one or more passage holes on the lower surface of the cover. The second opening is located inside the vault.The device is configured to cause a portion of the internal and external atmospheres to flow through the passage channel into an atmosphere different from the internal and external atmospheres.

Description

VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR MANHOLE VAULT FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention refers, in general terms, to methods and devices for ventilating underground chambers, such as manhole vaults. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Underground utilities, such as water, sewage, natural gas, electricity, telephone, cable, and steam, are common means of supplying essential resources for modern life in a developed society. With respect to Figure 1, these services are typically provided through an underground system 10 with multiple identical underground chambers or manhole vaults 12 and 14 interconnected by one or more conduits 20A-20C. Each of the vaults 12 and 14 may be configured to house essential control equipment, monitoring equipment, and appropriate networking connections. As shown in Figure 1, vaults 12 and 14 and the one or more conduits 20A20C are located below the level of the street or sidewalk (identified as surface 30). In Figure 1, only the two vaults 12 and 14 of system 10 are illustrated. However, system 10 may include any number of vaults, each substantially similar to one of the vaults 12 and 14. Similarly, only The three ducts 20A20C are illustrated. However, system 10 may include any number of ducts, each substantially similar to one of ducts 20A-20C. Since vaults 12 and 14 are substantially identical to each other, for the sake of brevity only vault 12 will be described in detail. In Figure 1, equipment (e.g., electrical equipment) typically found inside has been omitted. of vault 12, for clarity. The vault 12 has an interior 50 with a rectangular prism-shaped main chamber 52. The main chamber 52 is defined by one or more side walls 54 that extend between a ceiling 56 and a floor 58. Ducts 20A-20C may pass at least in part through the main chamber 52. A cylindrical passage 60 (also indicated as "neck"), defined by one or more walls (2) 64, provides access to personnel (e.g., a worker 61) to the main chamber 52 from surface 30. The neck 60 typically has a diameter of about 3 feet [1 foot = 30.48 cm] and generally extends at least about 3 feet below the surface 30. The neck 60 leads to a manhole 62, which is traditionally closed with a traditional manhole cover, such as a vented manhole cover 70 (refer to Figure 2). The vented manhole cover 70 illustrated in Figure 2 is a design commonly used by Consolidated Edison ("ConEd") of New York. The manhole cover (e.g., the vented manhole cover 70 illustrated in Figure 2) fits into a slot 63 in the manhole 62 and provides a measure of safety from vehicular traffic. and pedestrians. Underground electrical services are generally preferred over above-ground systems because underground systems effectively utilize limited surface and airspace in urban environments and preserve aesthetics in suburban environments. Underground systems are generally safer than overhead circuits and, when well maintained, provide the public with reliable service. Unfortunately, underground electrical services also present fire and / or explosion hazards near human habitation areas. For example, although conduits 20A-20C provide passages between vaults 12 and 14, to interconnect electrical cables, conduits 20A-20C also allow the entry of air, gases, vapors and water into the interior 50 of vaults 12 and 14. It is not uncommon for these underground conduits and vaults to fill with water, depending on surface topography, water table, and recent precipitation. Water also enters through the lid. Water enables electrochemical decomposition of insulation through carbonization paths ["tracking"] of cables in channels (i.e., electrical discharge from degraded insulation) and failures of electrical equipment within one or more vaults 12 and 14, which produces dangerous concentrations of flammable and explosive gases within one or more of vaults 12 and 14. Manhole situations can occur due to the fact that air can never be completely excluded from vault 12. Situations in manhole include minor incidents (such as smoke or small fires) and / or major situations (such as explosions and continuous fires). At best, a minor incident can cause a power outage. In the worst case scenario, this explosion can occasionally propel a manhole cover upward, causing property damage, injuries, and even deaths. According to a work by Rudin et al. (“A process for predicting manhole events in Manhattan,” Mach Learn (2010) 80: 1-31), 6,670 “serious fines” were issued for a total of 250,000 manholes in the ConEd (N.Y.) system over a ten-year period through 2006. Put another way, the probability that a manhole will experience a serious situation in a given year is about 1 in 375. Incident rates in this range suggest, at a minimum, a need for regular inspection and maintenance of manhole vaults. Surprisingly, a report prepared for a Washington, DC service indicated that these routine checks did not reduce the incidence rate of serious situations (Siemens, Inc., Report n.2R55-11, “Investigation of Manhole Incidents Occurring Around and in the Underground Distribution System of the Potomac Electric Power Company,” June 30, 2011. Therefore, other more proactive measures are often used, but, as indicated in the examples below, each of them has been shown to have at least one relevant defect. For example, the manhole cover may be connected (e.g., to surface 30), to prevent said manhole cover from being propelled beyond the extent of the connection in the event of an explosion. Unfortunately, this approach does not prevent smoke and / or flames from escaping from the manhole, which presents an unacceptable danger to the public or at least a nuisance. Another approach is to fit a lightweight manhole cover in place of the usually heavy metal manhole cover. This approach can reduce damage to structures, vehicles and people because the lightweight manhole cover rises more quickly in the event of an explosion. However, as with the above connection approach, smoke and flame problems remain. Other disadvantages of this approach include initial costs and a questionable lifespan. Some people have suggested the use of electronic sensors to monitor the vault environment and transmit warning notices, but this palliative method is relatively expensive. Furthermore, the electronic elements used are partly unreliable, due to the usually extreme environment inside the vault and the required durations. Yet another approach is to close conduits 20A-20C (which house electrical cables) between vaults 12 and 14, to minimize air entry into them, which produces a fuel-rich, oxygen-depleted environment within the conduits. 20A20C. Unfortunately, this fuel-rich environment includes flammable gases that eventually find their way out of conduits 20A-20C (whether clogged or not) and enter one or more of the vaults 12 and 14 connected to conduits 20A-20C. This accumulation of flammable gases within one or more of the vaults 12 and 14 can produce a manhole explosion that is more dangerous than a manhole that only has smoke (denoted as a "smoke"). Some people (refer to US Patent No. 26,012,532) have suggested limiting the air flow inside the vault by placing an inflatable tank inside the vault and filling the tank with an inert gas that expands the tank to the open volume in the vault. . Unfortunately, this approach is impractical, as the tank must be deflated and re-inflated each time access to the manhole vault is required, which is a lot of work. Regarding Figure 2, even with another approach, ConEd installed vented manhole covers (such as Vented Manhole Cover 70) that allow hazardous gases to escape from the vault. Unfortunately, the ventilation holes or openings (e.g., ventilation holes 72) in the vented manhole cover have disadvantages of their own. The 70-vented manhole cover provides about 25% open space, but contains no water mitigation features. Therefore, the vents 72 allow more precipitation and road chemicals (e.g., salt and other road deicing products) to enter the vault and this entry has been linked to circuit failures and situations in the inspection mouth. They also increase the likelihood of hazardous liquids, trash, human waste, and / or pests entering the vault, all of which can produce flammable vapors, either directly (e.g., fuel spill) or indirectly through biodegradation of organic materials. Finally, the vents 72 may invite disposal of biologically hazardous materials in the vault, such as used hypodermic syringes, into the vault, which decreases any necessary maintenance due to special procedures required before personnel can enter the vault. . Therefore, it is evident that there is a need to have methods, equipment and / or devices that effectively reduce the frequency and / or severity of situations at the manhole. The present application provides these and other advantages, as will be evident based on the detailed description below and the accompanying figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art underground system that includes multiple manhole vaults interconnected by multiple conduits. Figure 2 is a top view of a prior art vented manhole cover. Figure 3 is a block diagram of a ventilation system for use in at least one of the manhole vaults of the underground system of Figure 1. Figure 4A is a cross-sectional view of an example implementation of a first embodiment of the ventilation system with a manhole cover and an air movement assembly installed in one of the manhole vaults of the underground ventilation system. figure 1. Figure 4B is a cross-sectional view of an alternative implementation example of the first embodiment of the ventilation system. Figure 5A is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 4A identified by a box on cut line 5A in Figure 4A. Figure 5B is a cross-sectional view of a manhole cover coupled to a vent pipe by a coupling flange. Figure 50 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a waterproof seal positioned between the manhole cover and an annular support of Figure 5A. Figure 6A is a top view of an alternative implementation example of the first embodiment of the ventilation system that includes a manhole cover and an annular support. Figure 6B is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 6A identified by a circle 6B in Figure 6A. Figure 60 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line 60-60 in Figure 6A. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative implementation example of the first embodiment of the ventilation system that includes a manifold that couples the ventilation pipe to the manhole cover. Figure 8A is an isometric view of an alternative implementation example of the first embodiment of the ventilation system that includes a manhole cover and ventilation and exhaust hole plugs. Figure 8B is an exploded view of the implementation of the first embodiment of the ventilation system illustrated in Figure 8A. Figure 8C is a top view of the implementation of the first modality of the ventilation system illustrated in Figure 8A. Figure 8D is a bottom view of the implementation of the first modality of the ventilation system illustrated in Figure 8A. Figure 8E is an isometric view of the manhole cover illustrated in Figure 8A, without the ventilation and exhaust hole plugs. Figure 8F is a cross-sectional view taken along a line 8F-8F in Figure 8A. Figure 8G is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 8F identified by a box on cut line 8G in Figure 8F. Figure 8H is a cross-sectional view taken along a line 8H-8H in Figure 8A. Figure 8I is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 8H identified by a box on cut line 8I in Figure 8H. Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view of an alternative implementation example of the first embodiment of the ventilation system. Figure 9B is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 9A identified by a box on cut line 9B in Figure 9A. Figure 10A is an exploded view of an alternative implementation example MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz of the first mode of the ventilation system that includes a manhole cover, an exhaust passage cover and round ventilation hole plugs. Figure 10B is a top view of the implementation of the first modality of the ventilation system illustrated in Figure 10A. Figure 10C is a top view of the manhole cover illustrated in Figure 10A, without the exhaust passage plug and the round vent plugs. Figure 10D is a cross-sectional view taken along a line 10D10D in Figure 10B. Figure 10E is a cross-sectional view taken along a line 10E-10E in Figure 10B. Figure 10F is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 10H identified by a box on cut line 10F in Figure 10D. Figure 10G is an isometric view of the exhaust passage cover shown in Figure 10A. Figure 11A is a top view of an example of an alternative implementation of a collector for use in the ventilation system. Figure 11B is a side view of the collector of Figure 11A. Figure 11C is an isometric view of the collector of Figure 11A. Figure 12 is a side view of a flotation assembly that includes a bellows attached to a flotation subassembly. Figure 13A is a left side view of a heater aligned with a cutaway showing an electric cartridge heater. Figure 13B is a front view of the aligned heater of Figure 13A. Figure 13C is a bottom view of the aligned heater of Figure 13A. Figure 14A is a front view of an aligned fan. Figure 14B is a right side view of the aligned fan of Figure 14A with a cutaway showing fan blades. Figure 14C is a bottom view of the aligned fan of Figure 14A. Figure 15 is a detailed isometric view of the exhaust port plug for use with the implementation of the first embodiment of the ventilation system illustrated in Figure 8A. Figure 16 is a detailed isometric view of the vent plug for use with the implementation of the first embodiment of the vent system illustrated in Figure 8A. Figure 17A is a top view of the vent plug for use with the implementation of the first embodiment of the vent system illustrated in Figure 10A. Figure 17B is a side view of the round vent plug of Figure 17A. Figure 17C is an isometric view of the round vent plug of Figure 17A. Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of an example implementation of a second embodiment of the ventilation system for use with a manhole vault connected to an external atmosphere by a ventilation column. Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of an example of implementation of a third mode of the ventilation system. Figure 20 is a perspective side view of an example implementation of a second open end of the vent pipe of the vent system. Figure 21A is a perspective view of an example implementation of a fourth embodiment of the ventilation system that includes a manhole cover, a support bracket assembly, and an air refresher assembly. Figure 21B is a perspective view of a lower part of the implementation illustrated in Figure 21A. Figure 22A is a perspective view of a top portion of the manhole cover of the implementation illustrated in Figure 21A. Figure 22B is a perspective view of a bottom portion of the manhole cover of the implementation illustrated in Figure 21A. Figure 23 is a perspective view of the support bracket assembly, with a support frame and multiple coupling assemblies. Figure 24 is a perspective view of a bottom portion of the support frame of the support bracket assembly. Figure 25 is an exploded perspective view of one of the coupling assemblies of the support bracket assembly. Figure 26A is a perspective view inside the manhole dome without the manhole cover of the implementation illustrated in Figure 21A. Figure 26B is a top view of the fourth embodiment of the ventilation system without the manhole cover. Figure 27 is a perspective view of the air refresher assembly of the implementation illustrated in Figure 21 A. Figure 28 is a perspective view of a fan assembly of the air freshener assembly of Figure 27. Figure 29 is a perspective view of the fan assembly of Figure 28, with one of the panels removed to show the structures within the fan assembly. MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz Figure 30 is a cross-sectional view of the air freshener assembly taken along a line 30-30 in Figure 27. Figure 31 is a side view of the implementation of the ventilation system illustrated in Figure 21 A. Figure 32 is a side view of the implementation of the ventilation system illustrated in Figure 21 A, installed in one of the multiple vaults of the manhole interconnected by multiple ducts. Figure 33 is a perspective view of the fan assembly of Figure 28, with one of the panels removed and including an optional debris collector. Figure 34 is a partial view of a testing apparatus used to evaluate various manhole cover designs. Figure 35 is a graph of the time required to remove all denser than air vapor from the dome of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 34, as a function of wind speed with respect to various manhole cover designs. . Figure 36 is a graph comparing the argon and artificial mist purification times in the apparatus illustrated in Figure 34, as a function of wind speed with respect to the manhole cover assembly 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 3 is a block diagram of a ventilation system 100 for use in one or more of the vaults 12 and 14 (refer to Figure 1) of the underground system 10 (refer to Figure 1). In Figure 3, the ventilation system 100 was illustrated installed in vault 12. For reasons of illustrative simplicity, ducts 20B and 20C were omitted from Figure 3 (refer to Figure 1). In the illustrated embodiment, each of the conduits 20A-20C (refer to Figure 1) contains a cable 110 having a conductor 112, surrounded by an outer layer 114, constructed from one or more cable insulation materials and / or cable protection materials. Vault 12 may contain equipment 84 (e.g., electrical equipment). Vault 12 may also contain unwanted materials, such as water 80 (e.g., flood water) and / or waste 82 (e.g., hazardous liquids, de-icing salt, garbage, human waste, pests, hypodermic syringes , etc.). The ventilation system 100 includes an air movement assembly 90 and an interface 92 between an external atmosphere 102 (e.g., on the surface 30) outside the valve 12 and an internal atmosphere 104 within the dome 12. Internal atmosphere 104 may include an unwanted (and possibly hazardous) gaseous composition 106. The gaseous composition 106 may not be distributed uniformly throughout the interior 50 of the vault 12. For example, the gaseous composition 106 may be adjacent to the floor 58 or near this one. Gases (contributing to gas composition 106) can be produced from the MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz electrochemical degradation of the outer layer 114 or a part of it (e.g., cable insulation). Additionally, electrical tracking pathways may heat and decompose the outer layer 114 or a portion thereof (e.g., cable insulation) to create gases (contributing to the gas composition 106). All or a portion of the air movement assembly 90 may be placed within the internal atmosphere 104 of the dome 12. Optionally, the air movement assembly 90 may include an air movement device 94 (e.g., a air renewer). However, this is not a requirement. The air movement device 94 may be controlled, at least in part, by a timer 87, which may be placed inside or outside the vault 12. The timer 87 may be used to turn the air movement device 94 on or off. at predetermined times. In this way, the timer 87 can cycle the air movement device 94 on / off at predetermined times (e.g., regular intervals, scheduled times, and the like). For example, the stopwatch 87 can operate the air movement device 94 less than about 5 minutes per hour or less than about 15 minutes per hour. By way of additional non-limiting example, the air moving device 94 may be controlled, at least in part, by a limit switch 89 that cuts off the power supply to the air moving device 94 upon removal of the cover from the manhole 130 and / or by removing the air movement device 94. The interface 92 may be implemented as a manhole cover 130 and / or a ventilation channel or a ventilation column 132. The ventilation column 132 may be a ventilation channel or an existing external ventilation column (e.g. , the type currently used in California). In embodiments where the interface 92 is the manhole cover 130, the manhole cover 130 includes one or more passage holes 151. A first portion of the passage holes 151 may function as a vent. 152 and / or a second portion of the passage holes 151 may function as an exhaust hole 153. In other words, the manhole cover 130 may include one or more ventilation holes 152 and / or one or more holes exhaust 153. Each vent 152 is configured to allow a portion of the external atmosphere 102 (represented by arrow A1) to pass through the manhole cover 130 and into the internal atmosphere 104. Furthermore, each exhaust port 153 is configured to allow a portion of the internal atmosphere 104 (represented by an arrow A2) to pass through the manhole cover 130 and enter the external atmosphere 102. As will be obvious to those skilled in the art, due to the direction of flow through a particular orifice of the passage holes 151 determines whether said passage orifice is a ventilation or an exhaust orifice and either of the orifices can be used. step 151 as a ventilation hole or exhaust hole. Likewise, a ventilation hole can be converted into an exhaust hole and vice versa by reversing the direction of flow. Additionally, one or more of the through holes 151 can be configured for bidirectional flow and therefore can function as a ventilation hole and an exhaust hole. The one or more ventilation holes 152 and the one or more exhaust holes 153 can be sized to minimize the resistance to flow between the external and internal atmospheres 102 and 104. For example, the proportion of the open area available for entry of gas (i.e., intake represented by arrow A1) through the one or more vent holes 152 with respect to the area available for gas exit (i.e., exhaust represented by arrow A2) through the exhaust hole 153 can be around 1.0 ± 0.25. However, this is not a requirement. By way of additional non-limiting example, the proportion of total open area available for gas entry (i.e., intake represented by arrow A1) through the one or more vents 152, relative to the area available for gas exit gas (i.e., exhaust represented by arrow A2) through the exhaust port 153, can be adjusted (or limited), so as to preferentially extract air from adjacent manhole vaults (e.g., one of the vaults 14 and 16), instead of completely from the vault 12 and that this escapes through the one or more exhaust ports 153. In this way, the air movement assembly 90 in the vault 12 can also be used to extract air from other vaults connected to this one. The one or more vents 152 may occupy at least a predetermined amount of a total area of ​​a top side 131 of the manhole cover 130. By way of non-limiting examples, the predetermined amount of total area of ​​the top 131 occupied by the one or more ventilation holes 152 may be about 5% or about 15%. Similarly, the one or more exhaust holes 153 may occupy at least a predetermined amount of the total area of ​​the upper side 131 of the manhole cover 130. By way of non-limiting examples, the predetermined amount of total area of ​​the upper part 131 occupied by the one or more exhaust holes 153 may be about 5% or about 15%. In embodiments in which the interface 92 is the vent column 132, the vent column 132 provides a passage 134 in fluid communication with the external and internal atmospheres 102 and 104. Therefore, a portion of the external atmosphere 102 (represented by an arrow A1) can pass through the passage 134 and enter the internal atmosphere 104. On the other hand, a part of the internal atmosphere 104 (represented by an arrow A2) can pass through the passage 134 and enter the external atmosphere 102. MA / a / ZUZl / U I or I oz Arrows A1 and AT represent the flow of external air (fresh) from the external atmosphere 102 to the internal atmosphere 104. On the other hand, arrows A2 and A2' represent the internal air (stale and / or contaminated) that flows from the internal atmosphere 104 to the external atmosphere 102. Together, arrows A1 and A2 represent an exchange of air between the external and internal atmospheres 102 and 104, through the manhole cover 130, and arrows ΑΓ and A2' represent an air exchange between the external and internal atmospheres 102 and 104, through the ventilation column 132. The air movement assembly 90 causes the air exchange represented by one or more of the arrows Α1, ΑΓ, A2 and A2'. Stated another way, in embodiments in which the interface 92 includes the manhole cover 130, the air movement assembly 90 may cause the expulsion of at least a portion of the internal atmosphere 104 (represented by arrow A2 ) outward from the vault 12, through the one or more exhaust holes 153 in the manhole cover 130 and / or the capture of at least a part of the external atmosphere 102 (represented by arrow A1) in the dome 12, through the one or more vent holes 152 in the manhole cover 130. In embodiments in which the interface 92 includes the vent column 132, the air movement assembly 90 may cause the expulsion of at least a part of the internal atmosphere 104 (represented by arrow A2') to the outside from the vault 12, through the passage 134, and / or the capture of at least a part of the external atmosphere 102 ( represented by the arrow ΑΓ) in the vault 12, through the passage 134. Optionally, the air movement device 94 may be external with respect to the vault. For example, the air movement device 94 may be located within the ventilation column 132. In embodiments in which the interface 92 includes the manhole cover 130, double-headed arrows A3 and A4 represent the air flow within the dome 12 generated by the air movement assembly 90. In these embodiments, the Air movement assembly 90 may be configured to press (e.g., blow) internal air into the one or more exhaust ports 153 of the manhole cover 130, capture (e.g., suck) external air through the one or more ventilation holes 152 of the manhole cover 130 or both. In embodiments in which the interface 92 includes the ventilation column 132, double-headed arrows A4 and A5 represent the air flow within the dome 12 generated by the air movement assembly 90. In these embodiments, the Air movement 90 can be configured to press (e.g., blow) internal air into passage 134 of the ventilation column 132, capture (e.g., suck) external air through passage 134 of the ventilation column 132 or both. Ducts 20A-20C (refer to Figure 1) that interconnect vaults 12 and 14 (refer to Figure 1) provide passages through which air (and other gases) can move between vaults 12 and 14 of the system 10 (refer to figure 1). The air movement assembly 90 may cause air (and other gases) to flow into the internal atmosphere 104 from one or more of the ducts 20A-20C (refer to Figure 1) and / or one or more from nearby vaults (via conduits 20A-20C). Likewise, the air movement assembly 90 can cause air (and other gases) to flow out of the internal atmosphere 104 and into one or more of the ducts 20A-20C (refer to Figure 1) and possibly into a or more nearby vaults (via conduits 20A-20C). Stated another way, the air movement assembly 90 may move air between a particular vault (e.g., vault 12) and one or more of the ducts 20A-20C (refer to Figure 1). Likewise, air movement assembly 90 may move air between a particular vault (e.g., vault 12) and one or more nearby vaults via ducts 20A20C (refer to Figure 1). In embodiments where the interface 92 includes the manhole cover 130, the manhole cover 130 may be removably attached to the air movement assembly 90. For example, the manhole cover 130 may include an access hole (e.g., an access hole 236 illustrated in Figures 7, 8B, 8E, 8F and 8H) through which the worker 61 can separate the manhole cover 130 from the assembly of air movement 90. The access hole may be covered with a removable access cover (e.g., an access cover 238 illustrated in Figures 7, 8A-8C, 8F and 8H). Optionally, the air movement assembly 90 may include a manifold (e.g., a manifold 246A illustrated in Figures 7, 9B and 19, a manifold 246D illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H or a manifold 460 illustrated in Figures 11A-11C) positioned between the manhole cover 130 and the air movement assembly 90. The manifold is configured to channel internal air that presses the air movement assembly 90 towards the one or more exhaust holes 153 of the manhole cover 130 or, alternatively, to channel the air collected through the one or more ventilation holes 152 by the air movement assembly 90 towards the dome 12. Optionally, a coupling flange (e.g., a coupling flange 332 illustrated in Figures 5B, 7, 8B, 8F, 8H and 9B) may be used to couple the manhole cover 130 to the movement assembly. air 90. The coupling flange may be a separate component or may be formed in the manhole cover 130 or the manifold. In embodiments in which the interface 92 includes the manhole cover 130, the manhole cover 130 may be supported in an annular manhole support (e.g., an annular manhole support 250A illustrated in Figures 5A, 5B, 9B and 19, an annular manhole support 250B illustrated in Figures 6A-6C or an annular manhole support 250G illustrated in Figures 21 A, 21B and 26), which It is placed inside the manhole 62 in the slot 63 (refer to Figure 1). The annular manhole support may function as an adapter that allows the manhole cover 130 to close manholes with different internal sizes (e.g., internal diameters) and / or different internal shapes. As described in detail below, the annular manhole support, manhole cover 130 and / or surface 30 may include elements (e.g., dams, channels and / or pits) configured to assist to prevent the flow of surface water (e.g., precipitation or road flow) into the interior of the vault 12, through the one or more passage holes 151. For example, the one or more ventilation holes 152 may be partially covered or plugged by optional vent plugs (e.g., a vent plug 652D illustrated in Figures 8A-8D, 8H, 8I and 16 or a vent plug 652F illustrated in the Figures 10A, 10B, 10D-10F and 17A-17C). Similarly, the one or more exhaust ports 153 may be covered or plugged by optional exhaust plugs (e.g., an exhaust port plug 653D illustrated in Figures 8A-8C, 8F, 8G, 9A, 15 and 19). Each of the vent plugs 652D or 652F may be configured to help prevent surface water from entering the vault 12 through one or more of the vents 152. Similarly, the vent plug Vent 653D may be configured to help prevent water from entering the vault 12 through one or more of the exhaust ports 153. The following embodiments provide examples of implementations of the ventilation system 100. FIRST MODE OF THE VENTILATION SYSTEM Figure 4A illustrates a first embodiment of a ventilation system 210 installed in the vault 12. In this embodiment, the interface 92 (refer to Figure 3) includes a manhole cover 230A and the air movement assembly 90 ( 3) is implemented as an air movement assembly 240. Figure 4B illustrates an alternative implementation of the air movement assembly 240. The ventilation system 210 may include the ventilation column 132 (refer to Figure 3). ). However, this is not a requirement and in Figures 4A and 4B the ventilation column 132 is omitted (refer to Figure 3). Figure 5A is an enlarged portion of Figure 4A identified by a box on cut line 5A in Figure 4A. Referring to Figure 5A, optionally, the ventilation system 210 may include the removable access cover 238 (refer to Figure 7, 8A-8C, 8F and 8H), the annular manhole cover support 250A, the vent hole plug 652D (refer to figures 8A-8D, 8H, 8I and 16), the vent hole plug 652F (refer to figures 10A, 10B, 10D-10F and 17A-17C) and / or the 653D exhaust port plug (refer to figures 8A-8C, 8F, 8G, 9A, 15 and 19). Since external ground components must support the weight of vehicular traffic, they are typically made of metal. Therefore, each of the manhole cover 230A, / ui or i oz access cover 238 (refer to Figure 7, 8A-8C, 8F and 8H), the annular support of the manhole cover inspection 250A, the vent plug 652D (refer to figures 8A8D, 8H, 8I and 16), the vent plug 652F (refer to figures 10A, 10B, 10D10F and 17A-17C) and / or the Exhaust port plug 653D (refer to Figures 8A-8C, 8F, 8G, 9A, 15 and 19) can be constructed of metal. As non-limiting examples, each of these components may be manufactured from ductile iron or cast iron, when used in a location requiring traffic rating. As mentioned above, the ventilation system 210 includes the manhole cover 240A and the air movement assembly 240. MANHOLE COVER Referring to Figure 5A, the manhole cover 230A is configured to cover the manhole 62 in place of a conventional manhole cover (e.g., the vented manhole cover 70 illustrated). in Figure 2 or an unvented manhole cover, not shown). As will be described below, the ventilation system 210 may include an alternative embodiment of the manhole cover 230A (e.g., one of the manhole covers 230B-230G illustrated in Figures 6A, 7, 8A, 9B, 10A and 22A, respectively), instead of the 230A manhole cover. While each of the 230A-230G manhole covers was illustrated with a traditional round manhole cover shape, each may have an alternative shape, such as rectangular. Additionally, the manhole cover 230A can be implemented by conditioning a conventional manhole cover (e.g., the vented manhole cover 70 illustrated in Figure 2), creating the one or more holes of ventilation holes 152 (refer to figure 3) and / or the one or more exhaust holes 153 (refer to figure 3) in an otherwise solid cover, sealing of some existing holes (e.g., the holes of vent 72 illustrated in Figure 2), adding a manifold (e.g., such as manifold 246A) to redirect the flow, adding vent plug 652D (refer to Figures 8A-8D, 8H, 8I and 16), adding vent hole plug 652F (refer to Figures 10A, 10B, 10D-10F and 17A-17C) and / or adding exhaust hole plug 653D (refer to Figures 8A-8C, 8F, 8G, 9A, 15 and 19, where applicable. Referring to Figure 5A, in the embodiment of the ventilation system 210 illustrated, the manhole cover 230A is supported on the annular manhole support 250A (described in detail below), which is placed within the manhole 62. The manhole cover 230A rests on an annular support surface or handle 254A, formed on the annular manhole support 250A. Referring to Figure 5C, an optional waterproof seal 251 (e.g., gasket, O-ring, putty, sealant, etc.) may be placed between the inspection manhole cover / ui or i oz. 230A and the annular manhole support 250A. Closure 251 is configured to prevent water from entering the vault 12 between the manhole cover 230A and the annular manhole support 250A. Referring to Figure 5A, optionally, as will be described below, one or more dams 582 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) and / or one or more pits 586 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) may be formed in the annular manhole cover support 250A, when present, and / or one or more pits 590 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) may be formed on the surface 30 along the manhole cover 230A. While the manhole cover 230A is shown supported on the annular manhole holder 250A, the manhole cover 230A may alternatively be supported on alternative annular manhole holders (e.g., the annular manhole support 250B illustrated in Figures 6A-6B or the annular manhole support 250G illustrated in Figures 21 A, 21B and 26) described below. The manhole cover 230A has a top surface 232A and a bottom surface 234A. Referring to Figure 5B, optionally, the coupling flange 332 may extend downward from the bottom surface 234A. Alternatively, the mating flange 332 may be a separate component adjacent and optionally coupled to the bottom surface 234A. At least one fastener F1 (e.g., a pin, a screw, a bolt, and the like) may be used to removably couple the coupling flange 332 to the air movement assembly 240 (refer to Figure 4A). Although Figure 5B illustrates only a single fastener F1, more than one fastener may be used in this manner. For example, three or four fasteners can be used. Referring to Figure 5A, one or more ventilation holes 152 (refer to Figure 3) are implemented as at least one ventilation hole 252A and one or more exhaust holes 153 (refer to Figure 3) are implemented as minus one exhaust port 253A. The ventilation and exhaust openings 252A and 253A extend between the upper and lower surfaces 232A and 234A and may have axes oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surfaces 232A and 234A. In Figure 5A, the manhole cover 230A includes only the centrally located exhaust port 253A and only a single ventilation port 252A. The vent and exhaust ports 252A and 253A may be offset (or separated) from each other as much as practical to minimize the re-entry (through the vent 252A) of exhaust gases (represented by arrows A2 in Figure 3) that they exit from exhaust port 253A. First alternative type of manhole cover Referring to Figures 6A-6C, the ventilation system 210 may include an alternative embodiment of a manhole cover 230B, in place of the manhole cover 230A (refer to Figures 4A-5B) and the bracket annular manhole support 250B (described later), instead of the annular manhole support 250A (refer to Figures 5A, 5B, 9B and 19). Figure 6A is a top view of the manhole cover 230B resting on the annular manhole support 250B. Referring to Figure 6A, the manhole cover 230B is substantially similar to the manhole cover 230A (refer to Figures 4A-5B). Like the manhole cover 230A, the manhole cover 230B includes upper and lower surfaces 232B and 234B and an exhaust port 253B substantially identical to the exhaust port 253A (refer to Figures 5A and 5B). However, in the illustrated embodiment, the manhole cover 230B includes ventilation holes 252B, each having an oblong lateral transverse shape. These oval-shaped vents 252B are aligned with an actual slope S1 of the surface 30. This shape and orientation can help keep surface water (e.g., precipitation) out of the interior 50 (refer to figure 1) of vault 12 (refer to figures 1, 3-4B, 9A, 18, 19, 21 A, 21B, 26A and 32). Vent holes 252B are located circumferentially along a radial position closer to the periphery of the manhole cover 230B than the centrally located exhaust hole 253B. Optionally, multiple vent plugs 652D (refer to Figures 8A-8D, 8H, 8I and 16) each may be inserted into some of the vent holes 252B and / or multiple vent plugs may be inserted. 652F (refer to figures 10A, 10B, 10D-10F and 17A-17C) each in some of the ventilation holes 252B. Similarly, the exhaust port plug 653D (refer to Figures 8A-8C, 8F, 8G, 9A, 15 and 19) can be inserted into the exhaust port 253B. Optionally, as will be described below, one or more dams 582 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) and / or one or more pits 586 (refer to Figures 6A6C) may be formed in the annular manhole cover support. 250B and / or one or more pits 590 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) may be formed in the surface 30 along the manhole cover 230B. While the manhole cover 230B was shown supported on the manhole annular support 250B, the manhole cover 230B may alternatively be supported on alternative manhole annular supports (e.g., the manhole cover 230B). manhole annular 250A illustrated in Figures 5A, 5B, 9B and 19 or the manhole annular support 250G illustrated in Figures 21 A, 21B and 26) described below. Second alternative type of manhole cover Referring to Figure 7, the ventilation system 210 may include an alternative embodiment of a manhole cover 230C, in place of the manhole cover 230A (refer to Figures 4A-5B). Manhole cover 230C is configured for use with removable access cover 238 and manifold 246A. / ui or i The manhole cover 2300 has an upper surface 2320 opposite a lower surface 2340. The manhole cover 2300 includes the central access hole 236, which extends between the upper and lower surfaces 2320 and 234C. The access hole 236 is covered with the access cover 238. In the illustrated embodiment, the access cover 238 is recessed in the central access hole 236 and is positioned below the top surface 232C. The access cover 238 rests on a ring-shaped handle 233, which is formed within the central access hole 236. One or more fasteners F2 (e.g., bolts or screws) may be used to attach the access cover 238. access 238 to the manhole cover 230C (e.g., to the handle 233). Both the ventilation holes 252C and the exhaust holes 253C extend between the upper and lower surfaces 232C and 234C. Vent holes 252C are positioned along a first ring and exhaust holes 253C are positioned along a second ring concentric with the first ring. The second ring has a smaller radius than the first ring and is therefore placed inside the first ring. As will be described below, the manifold 246A channels or directs internal air that presses the air movement assembly 240 toward the exhaust ports 253C of the manhole cover 230C. The manhole cover 230C may rest on an annular manhole support (e.g., annular manhole support 250A, 250B, or 250G illustrated in Figures 5A, 6A, and 21A, respectively). Optionally, multiple vent plugs 652D (refer to Figures 8A-8D, 8H, 8I and 16) each may be inserted into some of the vent holes 252C and / or multiple vent plugs may be inserted. 652F (refer to figures 10A, 10B, 10D-10F and 17A-17C) each in some of the ventilation holes 252C. Similarly, multiple exhaust port plugs 653D (refer to Figures 8A-8C, 8F, 8G, 9A, 15 and 19) each can be inserted into the exhaust ports 253C. Third alternative type of manhole cover Referring to Figure 8A, the ventilation system 210 may include an alternative embodiment of a manhole cover 230D, in place of the manhole cover 230A (refer to Figures 4A-5B). Manhole cover 230D is configured for use with removable access cover 238, vent plugs 652D, exhaust port plugs 653D, and manifold 246D (described later). Manifold 246D is used instead of collector 246A (refer to Figures 7, 9B and 19). The ventilation system 210 is presented as an isometric view in Figure 8A and as an exploded view in Figure 8B. In these figures, the air movement assembly 240 is truncated for illustrative purposes, but it should be understood that it can extend to any desired vertical level within the vault 12 (refer to Figures 1,3-4B, iviA / a / ¿u¿ i / u i o i 9Α, 18, 19, 21 A, 21B, 26A and 32). Figure 8C is a top view of the ventilation system 210. Figures 8F and 8H are cross-sectional views taken along lines 8F-8F and 8H-8H, respectively, illustrated in Figure 8C and show a subassembly of manhole cover 230D and manifold 246D. The manhole cover 230D is substantially similar to the manhole cover 230C (refer to Figure 7). Referring to Figure 8F, the manhole cover 230D has an upper surface 232D opposite a lower surface 234D. The manhole cover 230D includes the central access hole 236, which extends between the upper and lower surfaces 232D and 234D. The access hole 236 is covered with the removable access cover 238. In the illustrated embodiment, the access cover 238 is attached to the manhole cover 230D by the one or more fasteners F2 (e.g., bolts or screws). Referring to Figure 8E, one or more ventilation holes 152 (refer to Figure 3) are implemented as ventilation holes 252D and one or more exhaust holes 153 (refer to Figure 3) are implemented as exhaust holes 253D . Both the ventilation holes 252D and the exhaust holes 253D extend between the upper and lower surfaces 232D and 234D (refer to Figure 8F). Vent holes 252D are positioned along a first ring and exhaust holes 253D are positioned along a second ring concentric with the first ring. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the exhaust ports 253D is elongated and each of these extends radially outward, at least in part between a different pair of adjacent ventilation ports 252D. Therefore, the exhaust holes 253D and the ventilation holes 252D overlap radially. Unlike manhole cover 230C (refer to Figure 7), manhole cover 230D includes lifting walls or dams 235D that at least in part define water tracks or channels 237D. Lifting walls 235D partially surround each vent 252D and each exhaust port 253D. The lifting walls 235D extend upward and may optionally extend upward beyond the surface 30 (refer to Figures 1,3-6C, 9A, 9B, 18, 19, 21A, 26A and 32). The lifting walls 235D and tracks 237D allow surface water (e.g., precipitation, such as rain or melted snow) to drain from the manhole cover 230D and reduce or minimize its flow into the manholes. ventilation and exhaust 252D and 253D. The lifting walls 235D can be aligned with an edge of the surface 30 (represented by an arrow S2 in Figure 6A). State and local regulations often limit the height of surface elements, such as 235D lift walls. For this reason, 235D lift walls should generally not exceed about 1 / 8 inch to about 3 / 16 inch. Tracks 237D can also be used to collect surface water and / or direct surface water toward non-hole areas of the manhole cover 230D. Referring to Figure 8H, the vent plugs 652D (described below) can also help prevent precipitation (e.g., rain or snow) from entering the vault 12 (refer to Figures 1,3 -4B, 9A, 18, 19, 21 A, 21B, 26A and 32) through the ventilation holes 252D. Similarly, referring to Figure 8F, the exhaust port plugs 653D (described below) can also help prevent precipitation (e.g., rain and snow) from entering the vault 12 (refer to the Figures 1,3-4B, 9A, 18,19, 21 A, 21B, 26A and 32), through the exhaust holes 253D. For example, referring to Figure 8C, if the lifting walls 235D are overcome by a large flow of water, the vent and exhaust hole plugs 252D and 253D help reduce the direct flow of water into the vault 12. (refer to figures 1, 3-4B, 9A, 18,19, 21 A, 21B, 26A and 32). Optionally, the manhole cover 230D may rest on an annular manhole support (e.g., the annular manhole support 250A, 250B or 250G illustrated in Figures 5A, 6A and 21A, respectively ). As will be described below, one or more dams 582 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) and / or one or more pits 586 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) may be formed in the annular manhole cover support. and / or one or more pits 590 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) may be formed in the surface 30 along the manhole cover 230D. Fourth alternative type of manhole cover Referring to Figures 9A and 9B, the ventilation system 210 may include an alternative embodiment of a manhole cover 230E, in place of the manhole cover 230A (refer to Figures 4A-5B). Referring to Figure 9B, manhole cover 230E is configured for use with manhole annular bracket 250A, exhaust port plugs 653D and manifold 246A. Referring to Figure 9B, the manhole cover 230E includes exhaust ports 253E that extend between the upper and lower surfaces 232E and 234E. The manifold 246A is coupled to the lower surface 234E and this combination rests on the handle 254A of the annular support of the manhole 250A. Manifold 246A provides fluid communication between air movement assembly 240 and exhaust ports 253E. Unlike other embodiments described above, the 230E manhole cover omits ventilation holes. On the contrary, parts of the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3) can enter the dome 12 through other means (e.g., through a defined separation between the manhole cover 230E and the annular support of manhole 250A, through ventilation column 132 illustrated MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz in Figure 3, through conduits 20A-20C (illustrated in Figure 1 and the like). Optionally, one or more dams 582 (refer to GAGO Figures) and / or one or more pits 586 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) may be formed in the annular manhole cover support 250A and / or may be formed. form one or more pits 590 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) in the surface 30 along the manhole cover 230E. Fifth alternative type of manhole cover Referring to Figures 10A-10F, the ventilation system 210 (refer to Figure 4A-5B, 6A, 7-8C, 9A and 9B) may include an alternative embodiment of a manhole cover 230F, instead of the manhole cover 230A (refer to Figures 4A-5B). Referring to Figure 10A, manhole cover 230F is configured for use with exhaust passage cover 280 and vent plugs 652F (described later). Optionally, the coupling flange 332 (refer to Figures 5B, 7, 8B, 8F, 8H and 9B) can be used to couple the manhole cover 230F to the air movement assembly 240 (refer to Figures 4A, 4B, 7-8B, 9A, 9B and 18). Together, the manhole cover 230F, exhaust passage cover 280, and vent plugs 652F form a manhole cover assembly 290. Referring to Figure 10D, the manhole cover 230F has an upper surface 232F opposite a lower surface 234F. The manhole cover 230F includes a single exhaust port 253F that also functions as the access port 236 (refer to Figures 7, 8B, 8E, 8F and 8H). The exhaust port 253F is covered by the exhaust passage cover 280, which provides similar functionality to that of the access cover 238 (refer to Figures 7, 8A-8C, 8F and 8H). In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust passage cover 280 is attached to the manhole cover 230F by one or more fasteners F3 (e.g., bolts or screws). Referring to Figure 10A, the manhole cover 230F has a recessed portion 288 surrounding the exhaust port 253F. The recessed portion 288 includes upwardly extending support walls or projections 292, which extend radially outward from the exhaust port 253F under the exhaust passage cover 280. The projections 292 are type members. grille configured to support the exhaust passage cover 280, which is secured thereto by the one or more fasteners F3. Referring to Figure 10C, the projections 292 are corrugated or include grooves 293' (refer to Figure 10D) that are formed on their upper limit surfaces 293. Recesses or channels 294 are defined between adjacent projections 292. The air exiting the air movement assembly 240 (refer to Figures 4A, 4B, 7-8B, 9A, 9B and 18) flows out of the exhaust port 253F, into the channels 294 and out of the MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz openings 295 (refer to Figure 10B) which is defined between the peripheral edge of the exhaust passage cover 280 and the manhole cover 230F. Therefore, channels 294 provide similar functionality to that provided by collector 246A (refer to Figures 7, 9B and 19). Accordingly, in this embodiment, the exhaust port 253F (refer to Figure 10C) provides the same functionality as a collector port 330A (described later and illustrated in Figures 7 and 9B). Referring to Figure 10D, the ventilation holes 252F extend between the upper and lower surfaces 232F and 234F. The vents 252F are positioned along a first ring spaced apart from and around the exhaust port 253F. In this embodiment, the vent holes 252F are round and each is configured to receive a different vent plug 652F. The vent plugs 652F can be characterized as positioned near the periphery of the manhole cover 230F. Referring to Figure 10F, in the illustrated embodiment, the vent plugs 652F are recessed and each rests on an annular or ring-shaped handle 296 that is positioned under the upper surface 232F of the cover of manhole 230F and surrounding the vent hole 252F into which the vent plug is inserted. In Figure 10C, the exhaust passage cover 280 (refer to Figures 10A, 10B, 10D and 10E and the round vent plugs 652F (refer to Figures 10A, 10B, 10D-10F and 17A-17C) are removed and expose the projections 292 and the ventilation holes 252F, respectively. The manhole cover 230F includes lifting walls 298 that partially or completely surround each of the ventilation and / or exhaust holes 252F and 253F and a circular lifting wall 299 surrounding the recessed portion 288. The circular lifting wall 299 is configured to limit the entry of liquids and solids into the channels 294 through the openings 295 (refer to Figure 10B). elevation walls 298 (typically extending about 1 / 8 inch [1 inch = 2.54 cm] to about 1 / 4 inch above the top surface 232F) can limit water ingress and facilitate water runoff. simulating runoff from surface “heavy rain” conditions have shown that these lift walls help limit the amount of water that can enter a specific hole in the 230F manhole cover, in particular, as illustrated in Figure 10F, when the inner periphery of the lifting wall 298 is slightly displaced (p. e.g., via handle 296) from the periphery of the corresponding hole (e.g., ventilation hole 252F). Referring to Figure 10F, an annular area of ​​the handle 296 (i.e., between the inner periphery of the lifting wall 298 and the periphery of the round vent 252F) is twice the cross-sectional area of ​​the round vent 252F . Also, experiments suggest that some hole shapes are better for MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz keep water out. For example, it was discovered that star-shaped holes (e.g., a six-pointed star) and oval / oblong-shaped holes (e.g., exhaust holes 253F and ventilation holes 252F that shown in Figure 8E) were superior to round holes, in the latter case only when the direction of water flow occurs along the length axis of the oval. Referring to Figures 10E and 10G, the exhaust passage cover 280 has concentric ridges or corrugations 282 (refer to the isometric view of the exhaust passage cover 280 in Figure 10G), which are formed on its underside and configured to receive inside and engage the grooves 293' (refer to Figure 10D) that are formed in the upper limit surfaces 293 (refer to Figure 10C) of the projections 292 (refer to Figure 10C). Referring to Figure 10E, the channels 294 defined between the manhole cover 230F and the exhaust passage cover 280 function as exhaust passages in fluid communication with the exhaust port 253F and the openings 295. Optionally, the manhole cover 230F may rest on an annular manhole support (e.g., one of the annular manhole supports 250A, 250B or 250G illustrated in Figures 5A, 6A and 21 A , respectively). Optionally, one or more dams 582 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) and / or one or more pits 586 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) may be formed in the annular manhole cover support and / or They may form one or more pits 590 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) in the surface 30 along the manhole cover 230F. AIR MOVEMENT ASSEMBLY Referring to Figure 4A, as mentioned above, the ventilation system 210 includes the air movement assembly 240. The air movement assembly 240 includes a ventilation pipe or duct 400 and an air movement device or air refresher 410. Optionally, the air movement assembly 240 may include one of the optional manifolds 246A (refer to Figures 7, 9B and 19), 246D (refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H ) and 460 (refer to Figures 11A-11C) and / or an optional flotation assembly 412 (refer to Figure 12). As will be described in more detail below, the air refresher 410 can be implemented as an aligned heater 500 (refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 9A and 13A-13C), an aligned blower or fan 550 (refer to Figures 14A -14C) or an air freshener assembly 1100 (refer to figures 27 and 30-32). By way of additional non-limiting examples, the air refresher 410 may be implemented as a forced convection device, a mechanical bellows, a compressor, a piston pump, a piston air refresher, an inline pump, a fan, a blower, a cartridge heater, a coil heater or a heat generating device, configured to provide passive heating, such as a transformer, generator, compressor and the like. MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz VENTILATION PIPE Referring to Figure 3, the term "vent pipe" as used herein is given its broadest definition and includes any hollow structure that can transport a portion of the internal atmosphere 104 (e.g., the gaseous composition 106) and / or a part of the external atmosphere 102 through it. This terminology therefore includes elements such as a tube, a channel, a duct, a conduit or a hose and may be a separate structure or at least partially incorporated into the design of the vault 12. Referring to Figure 4A, the vent pipe 400 may be positioned adjacent to and optionally coupled to the manhole cover 230A. Referring to Figure 7, in some embodiments the collector 246A (or the collector 246D illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H or the collector 460 illustrated in Figures 11A-11C) is placed between the cover manhole cover (e.g., manhole cover 230C) and vent pipe 400. Referring to Figure 5A, the vent pipe 400 has one or more walls 430 that define an interior passage channel 432. By way of non-limiting example, referring to Figure 20, the vent pipe 400 may have a shape generally circular transverse with an internal diameter D1 (defined by the one or more walls 430) of about 1 inch to about 12 inches. For example, the internal diameter D1 can be from about 3 inches to about 5 inches. Referring to Figure 4A, the vent pipe 400 has a first open end 440 opposite a second open end 442, with the air refresher 410 (when present) positioned therebetween. The vent pipe 400 may include (or be constructed from) multiple parts. For example, referring to Figure 4A, the vent pipe 400 may include parts P1 and P2. In this implementation, the air refresher 410 is placed between parts P1 and P2. As shown in Figure 8A, the part P1 may have a lower end 401, with a lower flange 402 configured to couple the air refresher 410. Similarly, the part P2 may have an upper end 403, with a flange upper 404 configured to couple to the air renewer 410. Referring to Figure 4B and by way of further non-limiting example, the vent pipe 400 may include one or more joints J1-J4 (e.g., bellows), one or more substantially vertical parts V1-V4 and / or a or more substantially horizontal parts H1 and H2. In Figure 4B, the air renewer 410 is placed between the two vertical parts V3 and V4 of the ventilation pipe 400. In these embodiments, the vertical parts V3 and V4 may be substantially similar to the parts P1 and P2, illustrated in Figure 4A. For example, referring to Figure 9A, the vertical portion V3 may include a lower flange 472 (substantially identical to the lower flange 402 illustrated in Figure 8A), configured to ΙνΙΛ / α / ΖυΖΊ / U1 or IOZ be coupled to the air refresher 410 and the vertical portion V4 may include the upper flange 474 (substantially identical to the upper flange 404 illustrated in Figure 8A), configured to couple to the air refresher 410 . By way of additional non-limiting examples, the vent pipe 400 may include angled, conical, curved portions, and the like. Likewise, different parts of the vent pipe 400 may have different cross-sectional sizes and / or shapes. The vent pipe 400 may be implemented using a flexible hose (e.g., plastic or corrugated metal) of a suitable diameter, with the second open end 442 thereof located as desired within the main chamber 52 of the vault 12. Referring to Figure 4A, the vent pipe 400 may include a combination of rigid and flexible parts positioned in suitable configurations. For example, the vent pipe 400 may have a vertical rigid portion (e.g., portion P1), in fluid connection with the manhole cover 230A on its bottom surface 234A (or, as described later, with one of the manifolds 246A, 246D and 460, when present). The vertical rigid portion (e.g., portion P1) may be coupled (e.g., via air refresher 410) to a flexible portion (e.g., portion P2) that extends to a location desired in the main chamber 52 of the vault 12. In this embodiment, the vertical rigid part, the air renewer 410 (when present) and the flexible part provide a continuous fluid circuit. Referring to Figure 4A, the first open end 440 has at least one outlet or first opening 446 in fluid communication with the internal passage channel 432 (refer to Figure 5A) of the vent pipe 400. As shown In Figures 5A and 5B, the first open end 440 of the vent pipe 400 is placed near the exhaust hole 253A of the manhole cover 230A (e.g., on its lower surface 234A), so that There is fluid communication between the inner passage channel 432 of the vent pipe 400 and the exhaust port 253A (through the one or more first openings 446). While the first open end 440 of the vent pipe 400 may contact and be securely attached to the bottom surface 234A to provide a watertight connection, it is also contemplated that there may be a small gap between the first open end 440. of the vent pipe 400 and the bottom surface 234A, provided that the flow of most and preferably all parts of the internal atmosphere 104 (e.g., the gaseous composition 106 illustrated in Figure 3) exposed to through the one or more first openings 446 of the vent pipe 400 through the exhaust port 253A. Alternatively, the first open end 440 may be positioned near the vent 252A of the manhole cover 230A (e.g., on its bottom surface 234A), so that there is fluid communication between the interior passage 432 of the ΙνΙΛ / α / ΖυΖΊ / U I or IOZ vent pipe 400 and the vent 252A (through the one or more first openings 446). In these implementations, the first open end 440 of the vent pipe 400 may be in contact with the bottom surface 234A or may be separated from it, provided that a substantial part of the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3) that is Captures through the vent 252A flow into the one or more first openings 446. Referring to Figure 4A, the second open end 442 of the vent pipe 400 is placed in the main chamber 52 of the vault 12. The vent pipe 400 has at least one collection opening or second opening 448, in communication. fluids with the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) and the internal passage channel 432 (refer to Figures 5A and 5B). In the illustrated embodiment, the second opening 448 is formed at or near the second open end 442. The one or more second openings 448 may simply include the opening of the interior passageway 432 that is defined by the one or more walls 430 ( refer to Figures 5A, 5B, 19 and 20) at the second open end 442 of the vent pipe 400. Optionally, the one or more second openings 448 may include one or more holes (e.g., the holes 449 illustrated in Figure 9A), which are formed in the one or more walls 430 (refer to Figures 5A, 5B , 19 and 20) of the vent pipe 400 and near the second open end 442. In the embodiments in which at least some of the second openings 448 are formed in the one or more walls 430, the second open end 442 of the Vent pipe 400 may be fully or partially closed (or blocked). The second openings 448 formed in the one or more walls 430 may be generally circular. In these embodiments, the one or more second openings 448 may have a diameter less than a predetermined percentage (e.g., about 5% or about 10%) of the internal diameter D1 (refer to Figure 20) of the pipe. ventilation 400. Referring to Figure 20, the second openings 448 that extend laterally through one of the one or more walls 430 may be at least partially covered or blocked by a flap portion 447 (defined in one of the one or more walls 430). Referring to Figure 4A, the vent pipe 400 can be configured to place its second open end 442 and / or at least one second opening 448 at any desired vertical position or level in the vault 12. For example, the vent pipe Vent 400 can also be configured to capture gas composition 106 (refer to Figure 3) from any desired point or points (e.g., lower levels of the main chamber 52) in the vault 12, using suitable connectors (e.g. e.g., the joints J1-J4 illustrated in Figure 4B) and extensions (e.g., the parts P1 and P2, the horizontal parts H1-H2 and / or the vertical parts V1-V4). As non-limiting examples, right angle elbows can be used in combination with straight pipe parts. Multiple second openings 448 may be placed at vertical levels above the floor 58 (e.g., about 1 / 2 foot above the floor 58). As further described below, it was discovered that when all second openings 448 of the vent pipe 400 are located more than 3 feet above the ground, the extraction of vapors and gases denser than air is significantly reduced. To avoid this limitation, at least a second opening 448 may be placed about 3 feet or less above the floor 58 to capture gases denser than air from the lower regions of the vault 12. For example, the vent pipe 400 may extend into the main chamber 52, so as to place at least one second opening 448 about 2 feet or less above the floor 58. By way of non-limiting example, at least one second opening 448 can be placed around half foot on the ground 58. In implementations where a single second opening is included, the second opening 448 may be positioned at a location between about one foot above the floor 58 and substantially at ground level. When the second opening 448 is substantially at ground level, sufficient clearance may be provided between the second opening 448 and the floor 58 to allow air flow into and / or out of the second opening 448. Additionally, portions of the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) may be simultaneously captured from multiple vertical and / or horizontal points within the main chamber 52 of the vault 12. For example, the one or more second openings 448 They may include multiple holes 449 (refer to Figure 9A) that are provided along at least a portion of the vent pipe 400 and the end of the second opening 442 may be partially or completely blocked. The second openings 448 can also be positioned so that the ventilation system 210 acts when water 80 (refer to Figure 3) is in the main chamber 52 (e.g., flooding of the main chamber 52). For example, multiple second openings 448 may be located along a portion (e.g., portion P2, portion V4, and the like) of the vent pipe extension 400, such that if partially flooded the main chamber 52 due to particularly heavy precipitation, the vent pipe 400 captures the gaseous composition 106 (refer to Figure 3) through the second openings 448 located above the water level and an effective escape of the gaseous composition is maintained Unwanted. Alternatively, the vent pipe 400 may supply a portion of the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3) to the main chamber 52 through the second openings 448 located above the water level, in order to maintain effective ventilation. from vault 12. The second openings 448 may have different, graduated or varied sizes (and / or shapes) and may be located along at least a portion of the length of the vent pipe 400, to optimize the escape of the gaseous composition 106 ( refer to Figure 3) and / or reduce (or minimize) air stagnation in the main chamber 52 of the dome 12. In these embodiments, the end of the second opening 442 can be partially or completely blocked. The area of ​​these second openings 448 may vary depending on height, so there is less open area near the upper end of the first opening 440 than near the lower end of the second opening 442 of the vent pipe 400. For example, the Figure 9A illustrates an implementation of the vent pipe 400 similar to that illustrated in Figure 4B, with the exception that in Figure 9A the vent pipe 400 includes multiple second graduated openings 448. As shown in Figure 9A, second openings 448 that are formed closer to the end of the second opening 442 have larger open areas (e.g., larger diameters) than second openings 448 that are formed closer to the end. top of the first opening 440. Obviously, one skilled in the art will note that the above example values ​​for placement of the one or more second openings 448 of the vent pipe 400 may vary depending on one or more factors, e.g. e.g., dimensions of the vault, nature of the gases that can be found, environmental parameters, soil profile, shape of the vault and equipment located within the vault. One skilled in the art can determine the appropriate (e.g., optimal) placement of the one or more second openings 448 for a specific situation by applying ordinary knowledge in the content herein (e.g., by following the guidelines contained in are indicated in the later experimental part). Although in Figures 4A and 4B the vent pipe 400 is shown unsupported within the vault 12, the vent pipe 400 may be held in place by a bracket, mechanical arm, chain, cable, or other means. of adequate support, particularly when the vent pipe 400 is not mechanically attached to the manhole cover 230A. The vent pipe 400 may be held in place near the bottom surface 234A (refer to Figures 5A and 5B) of the manhole cover 230A to provide sufficient purification of the gas composition 106 (refer to Figure 3). within the vault 12. Alternatively, these components may be mechanically coupled together, so as to rise from the vault 12 together as a unit. This unit may be suspended from a tripod or similar portable structure outside of vault 12 until the necessary work is completed. If the vent pipe 400 is flexible or has a flexible portion (e.g., part P2), these flexible portions can be compacted over a relatively short length (e.g., using a line attached to a hook) and raised towards the outside of vault 12 together with the manhole cover 230A. Referring to Figure 4B, to keep the vent pipe 400 out of the way of workers (e.g., worker 61 illustrated in Figures 1 and 3) entering the vault 12, the vent pipe 400 can be attached (and attached) to at least one of the one or more side walls 54, the roof 56 and at least one of the one or more walls 64 of the neck 60. Referring to Figure 5B, a portion can be disconnected in L-shaped (or a Z-shaped portion if desired) of the vent pipe 400 (e.g., a subassembly of the joints J1 and J2 and the horizontal portion H1) of the manhole cover 230A, entering from the surface 30, through the central exhaust hole 253A (or the access hole 236 included in some embodiments and illustrated in Figures 7, 8B, 8E, 8F and 8H) and removing the one or more fasteners F1 ( refer to Figure 5B). This disconnected portion can then be moved out of the way or raised completely out of the vault 12, to allow access into the main chamber 52 (e.g., via a ladder, not shown). The vent pipe 400 may be manufactured from a metal or rigid plastic and may be assembled from pipe segments constructed of these materials. Figures 9A and 9B illustrate an example implementation of the vent pipe 400 that includes joints J1-J4, vertical parts V1-V4 and horizontal parts H1-H2. In this embodiment, each of the joints J1-J4, the vertical parts V1-V4 and the horizontal parts H1-H2 can be constructed from a fiberglass pipe or a polyvinyl chloride ("PVC") plastic pipe. 4-inch Schedule 40 PVC pipe. One or more of the J1-J4 joints can be implemented as a 90s PVD elbow. Referring to Figure 9B, in this implementation the joints J1 and J2 and the horizontal part H1 define a Z-shaped channel 470. Referring to Figure 9A, the Z-shaped channel 470 and / or the vertical part V1 They are attached to one of the one or more side walls 54 of the main chamber 52 or one of the one or more walls 64 of the neck 60 (e.g., by means of brackets, not shown). The lower vertical portion V4 engages near ground level on a support block 462. The support block 462 may fully or partially close or block the end of the second opening 442 of the vent pipe 400. As shown mentioned above, the second openings 448 may include holes 449 that are drilled or otherwise formed in the one or more walls 430 of the vent pipe 400 near its second open lower end 442. In the embodiment illustrated in the figure 9A, the second openings 448 implemented by the holes 449 have variable diameters that progressively decrease in size as the support block 462 increases, to provide inlet circuits for the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) and / or circuits outlet for the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3). As noted above, with this arrangement, gas escape is still possible even if the main chamber 52 of the vault 12 is partially flooded, as long as the second openings 448 remain above the high water mark. The fan 410 is attached vertically along one of the one or more side walls 54 of the main chamber 52, as close as possible to the manhole 62 and less than two feet from the ceiling 56, using coupling brackets. of commercially available pipes (not illustrated). An upper end 471 of the lower vertical part V4 has an upper flange 474 (substantially identical to the upper flange 404 illustrated in Figure 8B) that connects to the lower flange 532 of the aligned heater 500 or, alternatively, to a flange bottom 554 of the aligned fan 550 illustrated in Figures 14A-14C. Referring to Figure 9A, a first fiber mat ceramic gasket (not shown) can be placed between these flanges, where the air refresher 410 (e.g., the heater 500 illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B, 9A and 13A -13C or the aligned fan 550 (illustrated in Figures 14A-14C) connects with the vertical part V4. The horizontal portion H2 is suspended from the ceiling 56 by pipe hangers (not shown) which allow some movement to accommodate thermal expansion. The joint J4 is placed at a first end 476 of the horizontal part H2 and connects the horizontal part H2 with the vertical part V3. A lower end 478 of the vertical portion V3 has a lower flange (substantially identical to the lower flange 402 illustrated in Figure 8B) that connects to an upper flange 531 of the aligned heater 500 or, alternatively, to an upper flange 552 of the aligned fan 550 illustrated in Figures 14A-14C. Referring to Figure 9A, a second fiber mat ceramic gasket (not shown) can be placed between these flanges, where the air refresher 410 (e.g., the heater 500 illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B, 9A and 13A -13C or the aligned fan 550 illustrated in Figures 14A-14C) connects with the vertical part V3. In embodiments in which the air refresher 410 is implemented as the heater 500 (refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 9A and 13A-13C), the first and second gaskets thermally insulate the aligned contact heater 500. directly with the horizontal and vertical parts H2, V3 and V4, which could be damaged due to high temperatures. The aligned heater 500 is also wrapped with insulation (not shown) to isolate it from the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) within the dome 12 and concentrate the heat in the center of the heater 500, where it promotes gas flow in upward direction into the vent pipe 400. The joint J3 is located at a second end 477 of the horizontal part H2. The transverse profile of the joint J3 changes from circular, connected to the second end 477 of the horizontal part H2, to rectangular, connected to the short vertical part V2, with a rectangular (flattened) transverse shape. Referring to Figure 9B, the short vertical portion V2 supports and can be attached to one of the one or more walls 64 of the neck 60, thereby minimally obstructing this narrow passage. The upper part of the short vertical part V2 is removably inserted into a first end 480 of the Z-shaped channel 470. The first end 480 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape with slightly larger rectangular dimensions to fit the top of the short vertical part V2 in a male / female connection (e.g., a taper joint). A second end 482 of the Z-shaped channel 470 is located substantially in the center of the neck 60, aligned with the center of the manhole cover 230E and transitions from a rectangular (horizontal) transverse shape to a conical (vertical) opening. , which can mate (e.g., receive) a conical lower end 486 of the vertical coupling part V1, again in a male / female connection (conical union). The vertical coupling part V1 removably connects the manifold 246A (coupled to the lower surface 234E of the manhole cover 230E) with the Z-shaped channel 470, for locating the exhaust holes 253E in the manhole cover of inspection 230E in fluid communication with the series of components mentioned (i.e., the manifold 246A, the Z-shaped channel 470, the vertical part V2, the horizontal part H2, the vertical part V3, the air renewer 410, the joint J3, the joint J4 and the vertical part V4). Referring to Figure 9B, a flanged upper end 488 of the vertical coupling part V1 extends into the manifold 246A, through port 330A. The flanged upper end 488 has a flange 489 that prevents the vertical part V1 from falling into the port 330A of the collector 246A. The vertical coupling portion V1 may be provided with a cross handle (not shown) at or near its flanged upper end 488, to facilitate lifting the vertical portion V1 out of the port 330A. As an example of further implementation and referring to Figure 4B, when installing an entirely new manhole vault, the vent pipe 400 may optionally be integrated directly into one or more of the side walls 54 of the vault 12. and properly mounted on the manhole cover 230A (or one of the manhole covers 230B-230G illustrated in Figures 6A, 7, 8A, 9B, 10A and 22A, respectively) or the ventilation column 132 (refer to figures 3 and 18). OPTIONAL COLLECTOR Referring to Figure 7, when there are multiple exhaust ports (e.g., exhaust ports 253C), as in the exhaust port cover 230C, the optional manifold 246A (or the manifold 246D illustrated in Figures 8A , 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H or the manifold 460 illustrated in Figures 11A-11C) can be used to channel the flow from the first opening 446 of the vent pipe 400 towards the multiple exhaust ports. Alternatively and referring to Figure 3, when there are multiple vents 152, one of the optional manifolds 246A, 246D or 460 can be used to channel the flow from the multiple vents towards the first opening 446 of the ventilation pipe 400. Each of the manhole covers 230C-230E (refer to figures 7, 8A ΜΛ / a / ZUZ 1 / U1 or I oz and 9B, respectively) includes multiple exhaust ports. As mentioned above, each of the manhole covers 2300 and 230E is configured for use with the manifold 246A and the manhole cover 230D is configured for use with the manifold 246D. Although the manhole cover 230F includes multiple exhaust ports (the openings 295 illustrated in Figures 10B and 10E), as explained above, a collector such as the collector 246A is not required to channel the flow from the first opening 446 of the vent pipe 400 towards the exhaust port 253F and towards the outside of the openings 295. Referring to Figure 7, the manifold 246A can be placed between the first open end 440 of the vent pipe 400 and the manhole cover 230C (or the manhole cover 230E illustrated in Figures 9A and 9B ). The manifold 246A has a base portion 452 and one or more peripheral side walls 454 extending upward from the base portion 452. The base portion 452 and the one or more peripheral side walls 454 define an internal opening cavity. upstream 456. The manifold 246A may be located near the bottom surface 234C of the manhole cover 230C (or the bottom surface 234E of the manhole cover 230E). For example, the one or more top edges 458 of the one or more peripheral side walls 454 may be located against the bottom surface 234C of the manhole cover 230C (or the bottom surface 234E of the manhole cover 230E). and, optionally, sealed against it. The manifold 246A includes the port 330A, which is formed in the base portion 452. The port 330A is configured to receive flow from the first opening 446 of the vent pipe 400 in the internal cavity 456. The manifold 246A is configured to provide fluid communication (through internal cavity 456) between port 330A and all exhaust ports 253C (or exhaust ports 253E illustrated in Figure 9B). Alternatively, port 330A can be configured to receive air flow from internal cavity 456. In these implementations, manifold 246A is configured to provide fluid communication (via internal cavity 456) between port 330A and the 252C ventilation holes. Although in Figure 9A the vent pipe 400 is shown unsupported within the vault 12, as mentioned above, the vent pipe 400 can be held in place by a bracket, a mechanical arm, a chain, a cable or other suitable support means, particularly when the vent pipe 400 is not mechanically attached to the manifold 246A. Furthermore, referring to Figure 9B, the port 330A can be coupled to the vent pipe 400, either directly or with the help of the coupling flange 332. The coupling flange 332 can be a separate component or can form at the bottom of collector 246A. The 246A collector ΜΛ / a / ZUZ 1 / U1 or I oz may be hermetically attached to the lower surface 234C of the manhole cover 230C or at least be in contact with it, directly or by means of a gasket (not illustrated ). Similarly, the manifold 246A may be sealingly attached to or at least in contact with the bottom surface 234E of the manhole cover 230E, either directly or by means of a gasket (not shown). When the manhole cover 230C (or the manhole cover 230E), the collector 246A and the vent pipe 400 are coupled together, the worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) can lift this triad from manhole 62 (refer to Figure 1) as a unit prior to maintenance / entry into vault 12. This unit may be suspended from a tripod or similar portable structure (not shown) outside vault 12, up to complete the necessary work. If the vent pipe 400 is flexible or collapsible, it can be folded to a relatively short length (e.g., using a line attached to a hook) and raised toward the outside of the vault 12, along with the collector 246A and the 230C manhole cover (or 230E manhole cover). Alternatively, this triad of components may be removably attached to allow removal of only the manhole cover 230C (or manhole cover 230E) or the combination of the manifold 246A and the attached manhole cover. 230C (or manhole cover 230E), maintaining vent pipe 400 in vault 12. An example of this arrangement is shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment in which the coupling flange 332 is fastened (e.g., with bolts) or otherwise attached (e.g., by bottom formation) to the collector 246A, which in turn may be attached (e.g. by welding or brazing) to the manhole cover 230C. At least one fastener F1 (e.g., a flange pin) may be inserted into and through aligned holes 450 formed in one of the one or more walls 430 of the vent pipe 400 and the mating flange 332. , to hold the vent pipe 400 in place. Although Figure 7 illustrates only a single fastener F1, more than one fastener (or screw) can be used in this way. For example, three or four fasteners can be used. Before worker 61 (refer to figures 1 and 3) enters vault 12 (refer to figures 1,3-4B, 9A, 18, 19, 21 A, 21B, 26A and 32), worker 61 removes access cover 238 (e.g., by removing fasteners F2) to expose access hole 236. Worker 61 then removes one or more fasteners F1 to free vent pipe 400 from manhole 246A . This allows the worker 61 to raise the manhole cover 230C together with the manifold 246A and the coupling flange 332 out of the manhole 62 (refer to Figure 1), but keep the vent pipe 400 in its place within the vault 12. The ventilation pipe 400 can be suspended or hung by a bracket, a chain or a cable attached to at least one of the one or more side walls 54 of the ceiling 56 (refer to Figures 1, 4A, 4B, 9A, 18 and 19) of the vault 12. These suspension means may allow movement (e.g., by oscillation) to remove them from the path or for extraction by taking them from the surface 30 (refer to Figure 1, 3-6C, 9A, 9B, 18, 19, 21 A, 26A and 32), to facilitate entry into vault 12. The coupling flange 332 and the one or more fasteners F1 can be replaced with other coupling means known in the art for removable connection of the vent pipe 400 with the subassembly formed by the manifold 246A and the manhole cover 230C ( or manhole cover 230E). For example, these mating connections can be achieved using bolted flanges, clamped flanges, placement of a flange (bolted) in the air from a handle in or on the manhole cover 230C (or manhole cover 230E) , magnetic coupling, hangers or hooks that mate with holes or tabs in the vent pipe 400, spring clips, a twist locking mechanism similar to a window frame lock, a swing locking mechanism similar to a briefcase lock or rotating tabs under the lid with a key inserted from the top of the lid (a center latch or center latch). Other examples of suitable coupling means include a threaded connection that is rotatable at one end of the vent pipe 400 or on the manhole cover 230C (or manhole cover 230E) and has an internal closing means that can be manipulated manually or with a tool, a “bayonet” coupling with a half- or quarter-turn locking connection via an internal handle, a push-in connection incorporating protuberances and recesses (e.g., a disconnect quick release) and "zip" closures, ropes or cables that join elements of the ventilation pipe 400 to those of the manhole cover 230C (or the manhole cover 230E), among others. Obviously, any of these means can be configured so that worker 61 can relatively easily release and reconnect manhole cover 230C (or manhole cover 230E) and vent pipe 400 from surface 30 ( refer to figures 1 and 3), with the worker outside the vault 12 and with a maximum of one hand and / or a specialized tool placed in the vault 12 (through the collar 60). Manifold 246A may be molded or die-cut from a metal or plastic and attached to manhole cover 230C (or manhole cover 230E), e.g. e.g., by welding, brazing, bolting, strapping or riveting, as appropriate. Likewise, mating flange 332, which is typically formed from steel, cast iron or plastic, may be attached to the bottom surface of manifold 246A, concentrically with its port 330A. First alternative mode of an optional collector Referring to figures 8A, 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H, as mentioned MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz above, the manhole cover 230D is configured for use with the manifold 246D, which includes the radially overlapping ventilation and exhaust ports 252D and 253D (refer to Figure 8E) . Referring to Figure 8B, the manifold 246D can be placed between the manhole cover 230D and the first open upper end 440 of the vent pipe 400. The manifold 246D has a base portion 464 and a continuous peripheral side wall 466 extending upwardly from the base portion 464. The base portion 464 and the one or more peripheral side walls 466 define an upward opening internal cavity 468. Referring to Figure 8F, the peripheral side wall 466 is configured to extend around each of the exhaust ports 253D, so that each of the exhaust ports 253D is in fluid communication with the internal cavity 468 when the manifold 246D is adjacent the bottom surface 234D of the cover 230D manhole. For example, when an upper edge 467 of the peripheral side wall 466 is placed against the lower surface 234D of the manhole cover 230D and optionally sealed against it. Therefore, in the embodiment shown in Figure 8B, the manifold 246D has a radially outward extension portion 465 (refer to Figure 8D) for each of the exhaust ports 253D (refer to Figures 8E -8G) that extends between at least two adjacent ventilation holes 252D (refer to Figures 8D, 8E, 8H and 8I). As shown in Figure 8H, the outward radial extension portions 465 (refer to Figure 8D) are positioned such that the ventilation holes 252D are not in fluid communication with the internal cavity 468 when the manifold 246D is adjacent to the bottom surface 234D of the manhole cover 230D. Referring to Figure 8B, the manifold 246D includes a port 330D that is formed in the base portion 464 and that is substantially similar to the port 330A (refer to Figures 7 and 9B) of the collector 246A (refer to Figure 7, 9B and 19). Port 330D is configured to receive flow from the first opening 446 of vent pipe 400 into internal cavity 468. Manifold 246D is configured to provide fluid communication (through internal cavity 468) between port 330D and all exhaust ports 253D (refer to figures 8E-8G). Second alternative mode of an optional collector Referring to Figures 11A-11C, the air movement assembly 240 may include a second alternative embodiment of a manifold 460, in place of the manifold 246A (refer to Figures 7, 9B and 19) or the manifold 246D (refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H). The collector 460 may be characterized with a skeleton structure. By way of non-limiting examples, the manifold 460 may be manufactured from aluminum or steel. Referring to Figure 11 A, the collector 460 has a circular edge 610 and radial support projections 630. The circular edge 610 is configured to rest on the MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz handle 254A (refer to figures 5A, 5B and 9B) of the ring support 250A (refer to figures 5A, 5B, 9B and 19). The circular edge 610 is configured to be sandwiched between the handle 254A and the manhole cover 230C (refer to Figure 7) or the manhole cover 230E (refer to Figures 9A and 9B). The projections 630 are attached to the edge 610 and extend radially inward from it. The projections 630 define two central and concentric hexagonal structures 612 and 614. The structure 612 is positioned within the structure 614. Openings 616 are defined between adjacent projections 630, the structure 614 and the circular edge 610. The structure 614 is located along along an upper edge of a hexagonal-shaped central tray 640 and attaches thereto. By way of non-limiting example, the hexagonal center tray 640 may have a depth of about 4 inches. Tray 640 has a central port 620 substantially similar to port 330A (refer to Figures 7 and 9B) of manifold 246A (refer to Figures 7, 9B and 19). Port 620 may be positioned below the center of structure 612 and aligned with it. Port 620 may be aligned with the first open end 440 (refer to Figures 4A-5B, 7, 8B and 18) of the vent pipe 400 (refer to Figures 4A-5B, 7, 8A-9A, 12, 18 , 19, 21A and 21 B, 26A, 31 and 32) and optionally attach to it. For example, referring to Figure 9B, when using the manifold 460 (refer to Figures 11 A-11C) with the manhole cover 230E (instead of the manifold 264A) and the implementation of the vent pipe 400 Illustrated in Figure 9B, port 620 may optionally receive and engage the second end 482 (the conical opening) of the Z-shaped channel 470 and / or the upper flanged end 488 of the vertical mating portion V1. The projections 630 of the manifold 460 mate with the bottom of the manhole cover 230E to provide at least a partial seal between the manhole cover 230E and the hexagonal tray 640, such that the exhaust holes 253E are in fluid communication with the interior of the hexagonal tray 640. Obviously, only the exhaust ports 253E should be located within the perimeter of the tray 640 and, when present, the ventilation ports (e.g., the Ventilation holes 252C (illustrated in Figure 7) should be located outside this perimeter. In other words, the exhaust holes 253E and any of the ventilation holes formed in the manhole cover 230E are located so as not to be radially overlapping (e.g., all of the exhaust holes 253E are located closer to the center of the 230E manhole cover than the ventilation holes). Therefore, the manifold 460 can be used with the manhole cover 230C, since the exhaust holes 253C are located closer to the center of the manhole cover 230C than the ventilation holes 252C. This arrangement also places the vents 252C in fluid communication with the openings 616, to allow air flow. The manifold 460 (refer to Figures 11A-11C) is configured to provide easy access to the vault 12. First, the worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) can remove the manhole cover 230E, which rests on the manifold 460, connecting a tool (such as a pick, not shown) into a closed end hole (e.g., a closed end hole 928 shown in Figure 22A) in the manhole cover 230E, raising the manhole cover 230E toward the outside of the annular support 250A and sliding the manhole cover 230E out of the way and onto the adjacent surface 30. Second, worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) lifts the vertical coupling portion V1 outward from port 620 on manifold 460 (e.g., using the cross handle, not shown). Thirdly, the worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) raises the collector 460, which rests on the handle 254A of the annular support 250A, towards the outside of the vault 12, taking one or more of the projections 630 ( e.g., with hooks and cables) and places the collector 460 on the surface 30. Fourthly, the worker 61 (refer to figures 1 and 3) lifts the Z-shaped channel 470 towards the outside of the vault 12 and places the Z-shaped channel 470 on surface 30. At this time, vault 12 can be entered, provided that all confined space procedures have been complied with. After completing the necessary maintenance, Vault 12 is closed again in the reverse order, as indicated below. First, the worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) places the first (rectangular) end 641 of the Z-shaped channel 470 on the top of the vertical part V2. Second, worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) lowers the collector 460 onto the annular support 250A, ensuring that the center of the port 620 is aligned with the second (conical) end 642 of the channel-shaped Z 470. Thirdly, worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) inserts the vertical coupling part V1 into the port 620, so that the conical end 632 of the vertical coupling part V1 is paired with the second (conical) end 642 of the Z-shaped channel 470. In a final step, worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) places the manhole cover 230E on the collector 460. It should be noted that all the Previous activities can be performed from street level (e.g., from surface 30). It should also be noted that the manifold 460 can be configured to pair with existing vented manhole covers (e.g., the vented manhole cover 70 illustrated in Figure 2) to create exhaust hole areas and ventilation holes without modifying or minimally modifying the existing manhole cover. OPTIONAL FLOAT ASSEMBLY As mentioned above, water 80 (refer to Figure 3) can at least partially fill the main chamber 52 and block one or more of the second openings 448. One method of avoiding this problem is to place the second openings 448 in multiple locations along the vent pipe 400. In this way, the probability of all second openings 448 being blocked (e.g., being submerged in water 80) is greatly decreased. Referring to Figure 12, the flotation assembly 412 can be used to maintain ventilation (e.g., exhaust) during a flooding situation. Assembly 412 includes a flange 680, a flexible cylindrical bellows 682, a float subassembly 684, and a support block 686. The support block 686 may be substantially similar to the support block 462 illustrated in Figure 9A and be secured to the ground. 58. Referring to Figure 12, the flange 680 may be attached to the vent pipe 400, the air refresher 410 (refer to Figures 4A, 4B, 8A, 8B, 18, 21 A, 21B and 26) and / or the roof 56 (refer to figures 1, 4A, 4B, 9A, 18 and 19). The vent pipe 400 extends between the flange 680 and the support block 686. As shown in Figure 12, the vent pipe 400 passes through the bellows 682. The second open end 442 of the vent pipe 400 rests on support block 686 and is partially covered by bellows 682. Bellows 682 may be characterized as a longitudinal compression sleeve surrounding a portion of vent pipe 400 near second open end 442. One or more second Openings 448 (formed in the one or more walls 430) of the vent pipe 400 are located within the bellows 682. The bellows 682 extends between the flange 680 and the float subassembly 684. The bellows 682 has an attached upper end 688 to flange 680 and a lower end 689 attached to float subassembly 684. The internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) can flow into the bellows 682 through its lower end 689, but is prevented from entering the upper end 688 of the bellows 682. Therefore, the bellows 682 limits access to the one or more second openings 448 within the bellows. Specifically, only the parts of the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) that enter the bellows 682 through its lower end 689 can reach the one or more second openings 448 in the bellows 682. The float subassembly 684 includes multiple separate individual floats 690, positioned circumferentially around the vent pipe 400. Interstitial spaces or openings 692 are defined between adjacent floats 690. As the water level 80 in the vault 12 increases, the float subassembly 684 rises correspondingly and compresses the bellows 682. In this embodiment, the second open end 442 of the vent pipe 400 remains static as the flotation subassembly 684 is raised in the vent pipe 400. A portion of the internal atmosphere 104 (e.g., the gaseous composition 106 illustrated in Figure 3) can be removed from the vault 12 by the one or more seconds openings 448 located within the bellows 682. Portions of the internal atmosphere 104 may flow between the separate floats 690 (through the openings 692) and upward between the bellows 682 and the vent pipe 400. These portions of the internal atmosphere 104 can then enter the vent pipe 400 through second openings 448 located within the bellows 682. Variations of the above arrangement are also possible, in which the bellows 682 includes openings (not illustrated) which are formed in the upper part of the bellows 682 itself or in the structure that connects the upper end 688 of the bellows 682 with the vent pipe 400. In either case, the bellows 682 expands and contracts in its extension according to the water level present and the part of the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to figure 3) that enters the bellows 682 will be captured through the ventilation pipe 400 by the air renewal 410 (refer to figures 4A, 4B, 8A, 8B, 18, 21 A, 21B and 26), which may be aligned with the vent pipe 400. The float assembly 412 allows entry only of air flowing between the floats 690 (through openings 692) in the bellows 682 and the second openings 448 located within the bellows 682. Therefore, the level of the openings 692 is an effective inlet level determined based on the water level 80. In this way, the float assembly 412 can be used to automatically adjust the height of the effective inlet level to maintain it above the water level 80. Likewise , the openings 692 may be located so as to be at a predetermined distance above the water 80. This arrangement helps ensure that the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) enters the vent pipe 400 at or near the level of water surface 80 (refer to figures 3 and 19), when water is present. On the other hand, the internal atmosphere portion 104 (refer to Figure 3) enters the vent pipe 400 at or near the floor 58 when no water 80 is present within the vault 12. By way of non-limiting example, the flotation assembly 412 could be installed in the vertical part V4 shown in Figures 4B and 9A or the part P2 illustrated in Figures 4A, 8A and 21A. AIR RENEWER Referring to Figures 4A and 4B, the air refresher 410 can cause a part of the internal atmosphere 104 (e.g., the gas composition 106 illustrated in Figure 3) in the main chamber 52 of the dome 12 to flow in a generally upward direction through vent pipe 400 and eventually exiting to the external atmosphere 102 through exhaust port 253A in manhole cover 230A). Alternatively or additionally, the air refresher 410 may cause a portion of the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3) to flow in a generally downward direction into the main chamber 52 of the dome 12, through the vent pipe 400. Therefore, the air renewer 410 is a fluid transport means for transferring at least a part of the internal atmosphere 104 to the outside of the vault 12 and / or transferring at least a part of the external atmosphere 102 towards the interior of the vault 12. As shown ΙνΙΛ / α / ΖυΖΊ / U I or I OZ mentioned below, it was discovered that vapors and gases denser than air do not exit effectively from vault 12 without the benefit of this type of air freshener when there is no wind that prevails and sweeps the upper surface 232A (refer to Figures 5A and 5B) of the manhole cover 230A. As mentioned above, the air refresher 410 can be implemented as the aligned heater 500 (refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 9A and 13A-13C), the aligned blower or fan 550 (refer to Figures 14A-14C) or the 1100 air freshener assembly (refer to figures 27 and 30-32). By way of additional non-limiting examples, the air refresher 410 may be implemented as a forced convection device, a mechanical bellows, a compressor, a piston pump, a piston air refresher, an inline pump, a fan, a blower or a heat generating device, configured to provide passive heating, such as a transformer, generator, compressor and the like. It is also contemplated that a redundant system utilizing more than one type of air movement device (e.g., both the aligned fan 550 and the aligned heater 500) may be advantageous in particularly critical applications. Also, more than one air movement device of the same type can be used. The air refresher 410 shown in Figures 4A and 4B can be implemented as an aligned heat (e.g., the aligned heater 500 illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B, 9A and 13A-13C), configured to heat the entire the vent pipe 400 or a part thereof, to induce a "stack effect" (or column effect) in the vent pipe 400 that reduces the density of the gas found there and causes its rise. For example, all or a portion of the vent pipe 400 may be circumferentially wrapped with electrical heating elements (e.g., a heating tape, not shown). As noted by those skilled in the art, the aligned heater 500 is limited to use with no particular manhole cover. In Figures 8A and 8B, the aligned heater 500 is illustrated in use with the manhole cover 230D and the aligned heater 500 is illustrated in use with the manhole cover 230E in Figure 9A. Likewise, the aligned heater 500 is not limited to use with any particular implementation of the vent pipe 400. For the sake of brevity, referring to Figure 9A, the aligned heater 500 will below be described in use with the manhole cover. inspection 230E and the implementation of the vent pipe 400 illustrated in Figure 9A. Figure 13A is a left side view of the aligned heater 500. The aligned heater 500 includes a heated metal pipe portion 530 with the upper flange 531, which may be attached to the lower flange 402 (refer to Figure 8B) of the part P1, the collector 246A or the lower flange 472 (refer to Figure 9A) of the vertical part V3 (refer to ινΐΛ / a / zuz i / un or i oz figures 4B and 9A). The pipe portion 530 also has the lower flange 532 for union with the upper flange 404 (refer to Figure 8B) of the part P2 or an upper flange 474 (substantially identical to the upper flange 404 illustrated in Figure 8A) of the vertical part V4 (refer to figures 4B and 9A) of the ventilation pipe 400. A cutaway in Figure 13A exposes the internal configuration of the aligned heater 500. As shown in Figure 13A, the electric cartridge heaters 542 are inserted into thermal wells 546 that penetrate the walls of the flanged pipe portion 530. The 530 flanged pipe part can be constructed of metal to provide good heat transfer with corrosion resistivity in the humid environment. In practice, aluminum may be preferred based on cost and installation considerations. The thermal wells 546 are sealed to exclude water by pipe plugs 545 and hermetically paired submersible electrical junction boxes 547. Each of the electrical junction boxes 547 may be connected to a suitable electrical source (e.g., through a connection 1190 illustrated in Figures 21B and 31). For clarity, Figures 13B and 13C illustrate front and bottom views of heater 500, respectively. In these figures, each of the cartridge heaters 542 has an electrical connection in one of the corresponding electrical connection boxes 547. Multiple cartridge heaters 542 are used to create redundancy and ensure long life of the aligned heater 500. This redundancy can also improve reliability. The aligned heater 500 may be configured to provide a desired output product (e.g., greater than about 100 Watts or greater than about 400 Watts). Power for the aligned heater 500 may conveniently be derived from a secondary cable, a transformer or other electrical equipment typically present in the vault 12. If this is not available, a suitable low voltage cable may be run from a power access point close to vault 12. The 500 Aligned Heater can be thermally insulated to protect personnel from hot metal surfaces and maintain energy efficiency. Likewise, since the heating of the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) within the vault 12 can decrease a thermal gradient between the interior passage channel 432 (refer to Figures 5A and 5B) of the ventilation pipe 400 and the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) within the vault 12, the thermal insulation of the aligned heater 500 can increase (e.g., maximize) the flow rate in the vent pipe 400. Installation is preferred of the aligned heater 500 in a substantially vertical orientation to maximize gas flow since, as determined in various experiments, heated gases tend to pool in parts of the horizontal pipe (e.g., the horizontal parts H1 and H2! illustrated in Figures 4B and 9A). Any horizontal portion of the 400 vent pipe should be installed with a slight upward slope (at least about 1 / 8 inch or at least about 1 / 4 inch rise per foot can be used) to promote air flow. gas composition 106 (refer to Figure 3) towards the manhole cover 230A and prevent water accumulation in the vent pipe 400. Furthermore, referring to Figure 9A, the heated portion of the vent pipe 400 is preferably installed immediately above the highest water level provided in the vault 12 for better ventilation (e.g., a floating heater). For practical reasons, the aligned heater 500 is preferably installed near the roof 56 of the vault 12 to minimize the risk of becoming submerged in water near the floor 58 during periods of heavy street flooding. Safety considerations also dictate that the temperatures of exposed surfaces and exhaust gases do not exceed 60SC, to avoid exposing personnel entering vault 12, as well as pedestrians or their pets on surface 30 to possible burn hazards. . Additionally, the temperature of any heating elements used should be kept well below the autoignition point (e.g., around 200aC) of any organic vapors that may be encountered. The 500 aligned heater can be manufactured from steel, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, brass or bronze. Insulation is typically applied over heater 500, but again is not shown in these figures. As indicated above, the vent pipe 400 may be formed in parts. For example, the heated metal pipe portion 530 (refer to Figures 8B, 13A and 13B) of the aligned heater 500 may be joined to a plastic pipe or corrugated plastic hose (e.g., portion P2 or vertical part V4). In this arrangement, a thermal insulation gasket material, such as aluminum oxide, can be introduced between the plastic and metal parts, to protect the former. Other devices used to implement the air freshener 410 (e.g., inline fan 550) can be safely used with plastic or metal piping. Figures 14A-14C illustrate an example implementation of the aligned fan 550 that can be used to implement the air refresher 410 (refer to Figures 4A, 4B, 8A, 8B, 18, 21A, 21B and 26). The aligned fan 550 is illustrated in front, side and bottom views in Figures 14A, 14B and 14C, respectively. The aligned fan 550 or a similar air movement device may be inserted into a portion of the vent pipe 400 (or between adjacent portions of the vent pipe 400), preferably near the ceiling 56 (refer to Figures 1, 4A, 4B, 9A, 18 and 19) of vault 12 (refer to figures 1,3-4B, 9A, 18, 19, 21 A, 21 B, 26A and 32). However, this is not a requirement. The aligned fan 550 can be oriented so as to blow air from the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) towards the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3) and vice versa. Referring to Figures 14A and 14B, the aligned fan 550 has a protective cover 551 with the upper and lower flanges 552 and 554. The upper and lower flanges 552 and 554 are substantially identical to the upper and lower flanges 531 and 532 (refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 9A, 13B and 13C), respectively. Therefore, the upper and lower flanges 552 and 554 can be coupled to the upper and lower flanges 402 and 404 (refer to Figures 8A and 8B), respectively. Referring to Figures 14B and 14C, within the protective cover 551, the aligned fan 550 includes rotating fan blades 556. Figure 14B shows the internal configuration of the fan blades 556. By way of non-limiting examples, the aligned fan 550 may be implemented as a simple axial aligned fan or an aligned centrifugal fan capable of continuous and reliable operation. As with the previously described aligned heater 500 (refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 9A and 13A-13C), the aligned fan 550 may draw power from suitable equipment in the vault 12. The aligned fan 550 may be rated to meet with the electrical rating of the main chamber 52 (refer to Figures 1, 4A, 4B, 9A, 18, 19, 21 A, 21B and 26) and be suitably coated to make the aligned fan 550 relatively resistant to Corrosion and dirt resistant for long operating life. MANHOLE RING SUPPORT Referring to Figure 5A, as mentioned above, the manhole cover 230A can rest on the handle 254A of the annular manhole support 250A. Optionally, water ingress through a gap between the annular support 250A (refer to Figure 1A) and the periphery of the manhole cover 230A can be reduced by adding at least a partial dam 582 (refer to Figures 6A6C ) and / or partial slots or pits 586 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) in the annular support 250A to divert flow from this region. For example, referring to Figure 6A, the annular support 250B has an upper external part 580 located at or along the surface 30. The upper outer portion 580 includes two semicircular partial annular dams 582. Each of the partial dams 582 can delimit an angle of about 90 degrees to about 330 degrees. Depending on local regulations, the height of each of the partial annular dams 582 is typically no greater than about 1 / 8 inch to about 3 / 16 inch above the top surface 232B of the manhole cover 230B. . To properly divert water on the surface 30, the partial annular dam 582 is located such that the direction from its midpoint toward the center of the manhole cover 230B is aligned with the actual slope S1 of the surface 30 immediately adjacent to the annular dam. This direction is the result obtained from the vector sum of the degree (represented by arrow S2) of the surface 30 in a direction parallel to the street and a MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz slope (represented by an arrow S3) perpendicular to the street. One or more partial annular pits 586, located near the periphery of the manhole cover 230B, may be formed in the upper outer portion 580 of the annular support 250B. In the illustrated embodiment, pit 586 is located between partial annular dams 582. Pit 586 is believed to divert water from the manhole cover 230B and thereby further reduce the amount of water that can enter. in the space between the annular support 250B and the periphery of the manhole cover 230B. Like the annular dams 582, each of the partial annular ditches 586 is semicircular, but may delineate an angle from about 90 degrees to about 330 degrees. The previously mentioned partial dams 582 and annular pits 586 may have various cross-sectional profiles to address shedding, noise, and traction considerations (e.g., rectangular, beveled rectangular, fluted rectangular, trapezoidal, rounded or arched rectangular, among others). The term "partial" as applied to dams 582 and pits 586 indicates that these elements, which are concentric with the annular support 250B, extend only partially around the annular support 250B. In other words, the partial dams 582 and the pits 586 only partially surround the manhole cover 230B. PIT / S One or more partial roadway ditches 590, located near the periphery of the annular support 250B, may be formed in the surface 30. For example, partial roadway ditches 590 may be cut out in the surface 30. It is believed that the ditches Partial carriageways 590 divert water away from the manhole cover 230B and thereby further reduce the amount of water that can enter the space between the annular support 250B and the periphery of the manhole cover 230B. . Like the ring dams 582 and ditches 586, each of the partial ditches of causeway 590 is semicircular, but can delimit an angle from about 90 degrees to about 330 degrees. For the purposes herein, the partial roadway ditches 590 can be arched or linear and the latter version is easier to cut into the existing surface 30. The previously mentioned partial roadway ditches 590 can have various cross profiles to address disconnection, noise, and traction considerations (e.g., rectangular, beveled rectangular, grooved rectangular, trapezoidal, rounded or arched rectangular, among others). The term "partial" as applied to the roadway ditches 590 indicates that these elements, which are concentric with the annular support 250B, extend only partially around the perimeter of the annular support 250B. In other words, the roadway ditches 590 only partially surround the manhole cover 230B. One or more partial annular pits 582, partial annular pits may be used 586 or partial roadway ditches 590 or a combination of these elements (e.g., as illustrated in Figures 6A-6C and as described above). OPTIONAL EXHAUST HOLE PLUG As mentioned in the Background section, one of the main limitations of providing additional ventilation from a manhole cover is the inevitable ingress of unwanted liquids, primarily water, and solids, including snow and mud. Referring to Figure 8A, this detraction can be addressed at least in part by the exhaust port plug 653D. The 653D Manhole Plug can be configured for insertion into any suitably shaped hole formed in a manhole cover. For brevity, the exhaust port plug 653D is described below configured for insertion into one of the exhaust ports 253D (refer to Figures 8E-8G) of the manhole cover 230D. Referring to Figure 15, the exhaust port plug 653D includes an exhaust port cover 654 and a support member 656. The support member 656 is attached to a bottom surface 655 of the cover 654 and extends in the direction contrary to this. The support member 656 includes multiple spacer parts or steps 658 spaced apart and located along the periphery of the exhaust port cover 654. Referring to Figure 80, it should be noted that the part 8F-8F is taken slightly (about 1 / 16 inch off center), so support member 656 appears unsupported in this view, but later illustrations and description clarify the placement of this element. Referring to Figures 8G, steps 658 (refer to Figure 15) are configured to limit the depth of insertion of the support member 656 into the exhaust port 253D. The steps 658 (refer to Figure 15) of the support member 656 position the exhaust port cover 654 on the upper surface 232D of the manhole cover 230D. Therefore, a gap 659 (refer to Figure 8G) is defined between the lower surface 655 of the exhaust port cover 654 and the upper surface 232D of the manhole cover 230D. Separation 659 allows discharge of the hazardous gas composition 106 shown in Figure 3 (through exhaust port 253D). A different exhaust port plug 653D is placed in each of the exhaust ports 253D, with the exhaust port cover 654 located on the upper surface 232D of the manhole cover 230D, so as to maintain separation 659 , through which the gas can flow, while limiting the entry of rainwater and waste. The exhaust port plug 653D may be press (or interference) fitted into one of the exhaust ports 253D in the manhole cover 230D. In these embodiments, the dimensions of the support member 656 may be slightly increased with respect to the internal size of the exhaust ports 253D to hold the support member 656 in place by friction within the exhaust port 253. During pressing activity , the multiple steps 658 (best seen in Figure 15) of the support member 656 limit its movement towards the exhaust port 253D as the steps 658 sit or rest on the upper surface 232D of the manhole cover. 230D inspection. The 653D exhaust port plug is preferably manufactured from cast iron, but a material such as steel, fiberglass composite, or aluminum may be used as long as it meets structural requirements and does not result in galvanic corrosion. The exhaust port plug 653D may be cast as an integral unit, but alternatively may be assembled from individual components (e.g., by welding or brazing in the case of steel or aluminum). It is preferred that the exhaust port plug 653D be a monolithic structure in which the respective cap 654 forms part of the support member 656. OPTIONAL VENT HOLE PLUG Referring to Figure 8A, like the exhaust port plug 653D, the vent plug 652D is configured to limit or prevent at least in part the entry of unwanted liquids, primarily water, and solids, including snow. and mud, in vault 12 (refer to figures 1,3-4B, 9A, 18, 19, 21 A, 21B, 26A and 32). The 652D vent plug can be configured for insertion into any suitably shaped hole formed in a manhole cover. For brevity, the vent plug 652D is described below used with the manhole cover 230D and configured for insertion into one of the vent holes 252D (refer to Figures 8D, 8E, 8H and 8I). . In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 8H and 8I, the vent plug 652D is substantially similar to the exhaust port plug 653D (refer to Figures 8A-8C, 8F, 8G, 9A, 15 and 19), but It is configured for insertion into one of the ventilation holes 252D, instead of one of the exhaust holes 253D (refer to Figures 8E8G). Referring to Figure 16, the vent plug 652D includes a vent cover 664 and a support member 666. The support member 666 is attached to a bottom surface 665 of the cover 664 and extends in the direction contrary to this. The support member 666 may have multiple spacer portions or steps 668 spaced apart and located along the periphery of the vent cover 664. As mentioned above, referring to Figure 8C, portion 8F -8F is taken slightly (about 1 / 16 inch) off its center, so in Figure 8I the support member 666 appears to be unsupported, but later illustrations and the description clarify the location of this element. Referring to Figure 8I, the steps 658 (refer to Figure 16) are configured to limit the depth to which the support member 666 can be inserted into the ventilation hole 252D. The steps 668 (refer to Figure 16) of the support member 666 position the vent cover 664 on the upper surface 232D of the manhole cover 230D. Therefore, a gap 669 is defined between the bottom surface 665 of the exhaust port cover 654 and the top surface 232D of the manhole cover 230D. Gap 669 allows makeup air to enter vault 12 (through vent 252D). A different vent plug 652D is placed in each of the vent holes 252D, with the vent cover 664 located on the top surface 232D of the manhole cover 230D, so as to maintain separation 669. , through which air can flow into the interior of vault 12, while limiting the entry of rainwater and waste. Vent plug 652D may snap (or jam) fit into one of the vent holes 252D in manhole cover 230D. In these embodiments, the dimensions of the support member 666 may be slightly enlarged relative to the internal size of the vents 252D to hold the support member 666 in place by friction within the vent 252. During pressing activity , the multiple steps 668 (best seen in Figure 16) of the support member 666 limit its movement towards the vent 252D as the steps 668 sit or rest on the upper surface 232D of the manhole cover. 230D inspection. The 652D Vent Plug is preferably manufactured from cast iron, but a material such as steel, fiberglass composite, or aluminum may be used as long as it meets structural requirements and does not result in galvanic corrosion. The vent plug 652D may be cast as an integral unit, but alternatively may be assembled from individual components (e.g., by welding or brazing in the case of steel or aluminum). It is preferred that the vent plug 652D be a monolithic structure in which the cap 664 forms part of the support member 666. Alternative Vent Plug Mode Figure 10A illustrates the vent plug 652F for use with the manhole cover 230F. The vent hole plug 652F is configured for insertion into one of the vent holes 252F. The vent plug 652F can be constructed from any material suitable for construction of the vent plugs 652D (refer to Figures 8A-8D, 8H, 8I and 16). Referring to Figures 17A-17C, each of the vent plugs 652F includes a round vent cover 674 and a member of MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz support 676. Referring to Figure 17B, the support member 676 is attached to a lower surface 675 (refer to Figure 17B) of the cover 674 and extends in the opposite direction to this. It is preferred that the vent plug 652F be a monolithic structure in which the cover 674 forms part of the support member 676. Like the support member 666 (refer to Figures 8I and 16) of the vent plug vent 652D (refer to Figures 8A-8D, 8H, 8I and 16), the support member 676 includes multiple separating parts or steps 678, which are spaced apart and located along the periphery of the cover. ventilation hole 674. Referring to Figure 10F, steps 678 (refer to Figures 17B and 17C) are configured to limit the depth of insertion of the support member 676 into the ventilation hole 252F. The steps 678 (refer to Figures 17B and 17C) of the support member 676 locate the vent cover 664 on the annular handle 296. Therefore, a gap 679 is defined between the bottom surface 675 of the vent cover exhaust 654 and the annular handle 296. The separation 679 allows the discharge of the hazardous gas composition 106 shown in Figure 3 (through the vent 252F). Referring to Figure 10F, a different vent plug 652F is placed in each of the vent holes 252F, with the vent cover 664 located over the annular projection 296, so as to maintain the separation 679, through which gas can flow, while limiting the entry of rainwater and waste. The exhaust port plug 653D (refer to figures 8A-8C, 8F, 8G, 9A, 15 and 19), the ventilation port plug 652D (refer to figures 8A-8D, 8H, 8I and 16) and / or the 652F vent plug (refer to Figures 10A, 10B, 10D-10F and 17A-17C) can be adapted or retrofitted for use with existing manhole covers (e.g., manhole cover inspection 70 ¡illustrated in Figure 2) with ventilation holes (e.g., ventilation holes 72 ¡illustrated in Figure 2). In this manhole cover, some pre-existing holes can be selected for exhaust and others for ventilation. Optionally, a suitable collector may be used (e.g., one of the collectors 246A, 246D and 460 illustrated in Figures 7, 8A and 11A, respectively). SECOND MODE OF THE VENTILATION SYSTEM Figure 18 illustrates a second embodiment of a ventilation system 710 installed in the vault 12. Like the ventilation system 210 (refer to Figures 4A-5B, 6A, 7-8C, 9A and 9B), the ventilation system ventilation 710 is an example of implementation of the ventilation system 100 (refer to Figure 3). As mentioned above, referring to Figure 3, instead of performing the air exchange (represented by arrows A1 and A2), at the interface 92 formed by the manhole cover 130, at least part of the exchange air (represented by arrows A1' and A2j may occur within alternative channels or ducts (e.g., ventilation column 132) connected to the MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz main chamber 52. For example, referring to Figure 18, the vent pipe 400 may be in fluid connection directly with the vent column 132. In these embodiments, the assembly of Air movement 240 can move internal air towards the ventilation column 132, which leaves it (represented by arrow A2' in Figure 3) towards the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3). In these embodiments, external air can enter the vault 12 through other means, such as through one or more ventilation holes 752 that are formed in the manhole cover 730 (represented by arrow A1 in Figure 3 ). Figure 18 illustrates the vent column 132 offset from the manhole cover 730 (typically) by more than one foot and up to about three feet. In this case, the first open end 440 of the vent pipe 400 is tightly connected to the vent column 132 at a point where the latter penetrates one of the one or more side walls 54 of the main chamber 52 of the vault 12. Since the diameter of the channel associated with the vent column 132 is typically larger than that of the vent pipe 400, a transition connector or annular plug 732 can be used to couple these two elements together with known methods in the technique. The vent pipe 400 extends into the main chamber 52 of the vault 12 and may place at least a second opening 448 near the second open end 442 of the vent pipe 400 at a vertical level less than or equal to about 3 feet above floor 58 of main chamber 52. As mentioned above, the vent pipe 400 may include the one or more second openings 448. For example, the vent pipe 400 may include multiple second openings 448 (e.g., the holes 449 illustrated in Figure 9A). ) formed in the one or more walls 430 (refer to Figures 5A, 5B, 19 and 20). The second openings 448 can be configured to allow ventilation to occur, even as the water level in the vault 12 increases. The second openings 448 can be of a uniform size and shape or graduated (or varied) to capture air (or press air) from larger holes located lower in the dome 12. Likewise, one or more of the second openings 448 may be a slot or may include a flap portion (such as the flap portion 447 illustrated in Figure 20), configured to remain closed until the water level rises. The vent pipe 400 may be located away from the one or more side walls 54, as shown in Figure 18. An alternative configuration and placement of the vent pipe 400 is shown with cropped lines. In the alternative configuration, the vent pipe 400 supports at least one of the one or more side walls 54 of the main chamber 52 and may optionally be secured thereto. As mentioned above, the manhole cover 730 may include MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz at least one ventilation hole 752 (similar to the ventilation hole 252A illustrated in Figures 5A and 5B or the ventilation holes 72 illustrated in Figure 2) configured to allow the entry of makeup air in vault 12. Alternatively, makeup air can be captured from ducts 20A-20C (refer to Figures 1 and 32), as well as from unavoidable air leaks in vault 12. Optionally, when attempts to capture contaminated gases from ducts 20A-20C (refer to Figure 1) entering and / or leaving vault 12, the one or more ventilation holes 752 in the manhole cover 730 can be suitably plugged. Optionally, a second ventilation column (not shown) substantially identical to the ventilation column 132 may be connected to the main chamber 52 and configured to provide makeup air to the vault 12. In this case, the second ventilation column ( not shown) may be offset with respect to the (first) vent column 132. Likewise, the manhole cover 730 no longer requires the one or more vent holes 752. The second vent column (not shown) may be installed during the initial construction of vault 12 or added later. The vent system 710 can be easily converted to the vent system 210 (described above and illustrated in Figures 4A-5B, 6A, 7-8C, 9A and 9B) by fluid connection of the first open end 440 of the vent pipe. 400 with one or more exhaust holes or ventilation holes formed in the manhole cover 730 (or a different manhole cover), optionally with a collector (e.g., the collector 246A illustrated in the Figures 7, 9B and 19, the collector 246D illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H or the collector 460 illustrated in Figures 11A-11C). For example, referring to Figure 9B, the first open end 440 of the vent pipe 400 can be connected to the port 330A of the manifold 246A which connects to the exhaust ports 253E of the manhole cover 230E (refer to the Figures 9A and 9B, respectively). THIRD MODE OF THE VENTILATION SYSTEM Figure 19 illustrates a third embodiment of a ventilation system 810 installed in the vault 12. Like the ventilation system 210 (refer to Figures 4A-5B, 6A, 7-8C, 9A and 9B), the ventilation system ventilation 810 is an example of implementation of the ventilation system 100 (refer to Figure 3). However, the ventilation system 810 omits the air renewal 410 (refer to Figures 4A, 4B, 8A, 8B, 18, 21 A, 21B and 26). In contrast, the vent pipe 400 acts alone as a passive air freshener using the stack (column) effect (described above). Therefore, the 410 air refresher is not needed. In Figure 19, the ventilation pipe 400 extends into the interior of the vault 12, such that at least one of the second openings 448 is located at most about three feet above the floor 58. In the illustrated embodiment , ventilation pipe ΙνΙΛ / α / ΖυΖΊ / U I or I OZ 400 includes multiple second openings 448 (e.g., holes 449 illustrated in Figure 9A) that are formed in the one or more walls 430. The second openings 448 can be configured to allow ventilation to occur, even as the level increases. of water in the dome 12. The second openings 448 may be of a uniform size and shape or graduated (or varied) to capture air (or press air) from larger holes located lower in the dome 12. Likewise, one or more of the second openings 448 may be a slot or may include a flap portion (such as the flap portion 447 illustrated in Figure 20), configured to remain closed until the water level rises. As mentioned above, vault 12 may eventually be partially flooded due to heavy rainfall. In Figure 19, the vault 12 is illustrated partially filled with water 80. The highest water level 812 above the floor 58 is indicated herein as a "real floor", because the vent pipe 400 cannot extract none of the internal atmosphere 104 (e.g., the gaseous composition 106 illustrated in Figure 3) from a location below this vertical level. A line 814 illustrates a higher level of ignition (e.g., about 6 inches) than a non-submerged ignition source 816. It should be noted that a submerged ignition source would not result in fire or ignition. By way of non-limiting examples , there may be one or more of the following sources of inflammation in vault 12: 1. an exposed conductor at a front voltage termination of underground equipment (e.g., transformer and / or switch panel) located in vault 12, 2. a termination of underground equipment without front tension, 3. secondary cables, 4. unions and 5. T-shaped devices that connect together two pieces of medium voltage or low voltage secondary cables, which are usually attached to the one or more side walls 54 of the vault 12 above the floor 58. The actual floor concept can be used to determine how far the vent pipe 400 should extend into the vault 12, so that the vertical height of at least one of the second openings 448 is located between line 814 representing the flash level and the actual floor 812. Although the actual floor level 812 can be anticipated in part based on previous experiences in the environment immediately surrounding the vault 12, the actual floor level cannot be accurately known or guaranteed. 812. However, the flotation assembly 412 shown in Figure 12 follows the water level 80 and therefore the actual ground level 812. The flotation assembly 412 allows entry only of air flowing between the floats 690 in the bellows 682 and the second openings 448 located inside the bellows 682. Therefore, the level of the openings 692 between the ΙνΙΛ / α / ΖυΖΊ / U1 or I OZ floats 690 is an effective input level determined according to the water level 80 (refer to figures 3 and 19). In this way, the float assembly 412 can be used to automatically adjust the height of the effective water level to maintain it above the actual ground 812. This approach to determining the actual capture level can be applied to any other embodiment described, regardless of whether the exhaust is active (e.g., using air refresher 410) or passive (e.g., using use only vent pipe 400). FOURTH MODE OF THE VENTILATION SYSTEM Figure 21A illustrates a fourth embodiment of a ventilation system 910. Like the ventilation system 210 (refer to Figures 4A-5B, 6A, 7-8C, 9A and 9B), the ventilation system 910 is a example of implementation of the ventilation system 100 (refer to figure 3). The ventilation system 910 can be configured to move (or capture) at least a part of the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3) towards the main chamber 52, which causes a part of the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) exits (or escapes) the main chamber 52. Alternatively or additionally, the ventilation system 910 can be configured to press (or blow out) at least a portion of the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3 ) from the main chamber 52 towards the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3). In this embodiment, the interface 92 (refer to Figure 3) is implemented as a manhole cover 230G and the air movement assembly 90 (refer to Figure 3) is implemented as an air movement assembly 914. The ventilation system 910 may include the ventilation column 132 (refer to Figure 3). However, this is not a requirement and the ventilation column 132 is omitted from Figure 21A (refer to Figure 3). Optionally, referring to Figure 21 A, the ventilation system 910 may include the annular support 250G. In the illustrated implementation, the manhole cover 230G is supported by the annular support 250G configured to provide the same functionality as the annular supports 250A and 250B illustrated in Figures 5A and 6A, respectively. Referring to Figure 21 A, the annular support 250G may include a handle 254G (refer to Figure 26A) substantially identical to the handle 254A (refer to Figures 5A, 5B and 9B) and on which the lid rests. manhole 230G. Referring to Figure 26A, the annular support 250G also has an interior surface 256G located below the handle 254G facing the neck 60. The annular support 250G can be configured to include at least one grip 582 (refer to Figures 6A-6C ) and / or at least one pit 586 (refer to Figures 6A-6C). Likewise, at least one pit 590 (refer to Figures 6A-6C) may be formed on the surface 30 along the manhole cover 230G. Optionally, a waterproof closure (such as closure 251 illustrated in Figure 5C) may be placed between the manhole cover 230G and the annular support 250G. The closure (not shown) is configured to help prevent water penetration between the manhole cover 230G and the annular support 250G. The closure (not shown) can be implemented as a gasket, a ton gasket, a putty, a sealant, a combination of these and the like. MANHOLE COVER Referring to Figures 22A and 22B, the manhole cover 230G has an outwardly facing top 918 opposed to an inwardly facing bottom 919. Referring to Figure 22A, the manhole cover 230G has a central portion 920 surrounded by a peripheral edge 921. Although the manhole cover 230G was illustrated with a traditional round manhole cover shape, said manhole cover 230G may have an alternative shape, such as rectangular. Multiple exhaust ports or outlets 253G are placed next to the central portion 920 and multiple vents or inlets 252G are placed next to the peripheral edge 921. In the illustrated embodiment, the vents and exhaust ports 252G and 253G do not overlap in direction. radial. However, this is not a requirement. The vents 252G (which are implementations of the vents 152 illustrated in Figure 3) allow a portion (represented by arrow A1 in Figure 3) of the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3) to flow into the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3). On the other hand, the ventilation holes 253G (which are implementations of the exhaust holes 153 illustrated in Figure 3) allow a part (represented by arrow A2 in Figure 3) of the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) flows into the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3). However, as explained above, the exhaust ports 253G can be converted into ventilation ports and the ventilation ports 252G can be converted into exhaust ports by reversing the direction of flow through them. Referring to Figures 22A and 22B, it may be beneficial to maximize the overall size (area) of the ventilation and exhaust ports 252G and 253G to reduce the flow limitations presented by the manhole cover 230G. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the ventilation and exhaust ports 252G and 253G should be configured such that the structural integrity of the manhole cover 230G is adequate to withstand normal use (e.g. ., use indicated in OSHA 1926.502, AASHTO-M306, etc.). Like other previously mentioned manhole covers (e.g., manhole covers 230D and 230F illustrated in Figures 8A and 10A, respectively), manhole cover 230G may include inspection control elements. water. For example, referring to Figure 22A, the top side 918 may include channels 924 positioned to provide passageways through which precipitation and surface water can flow. Channels 924 direct surface water away from vents and exhaust holes 252G and 253G. Channels 924 may define a top portion of surface 922 on which information (e.g., brand name, logos, etc.) may be displayed. In the illustrated embodiment, the channels 924 are separated from each of the ventilation and exhaust holes 252G and 253G and define a dam-type portion 926 that partially or completely surrounds each of the ventilation and exhaust holes 252G and 253G. . These dam parts 926 help prevent water from entering the ventilation and exhaust holes 252G and 253G. Since the upper part 918 includes the channels 924 instead of lifting walls (such as the one or more lifting walls 235D illustrated in Figures 8C and 8E or the lifting walls 298 illustrated in Figures 10B, 10C and 10E) , less noise may be produced due to vehicles passing over the 230G manhole cover. Optionally, multiple vent plugs 652D (refer to Figures 8A-8D, 8H, 8I and 16) each may be inserted into some of the vent holes 252G and / or multiple vent plugs may be inserted. 652F (refer to figures 10A, 10B, 10D-10F and 17A-17C) each in some of the ventilation holes 252G. Similarly, multiple exhaust port plugs 653D (refer to Figures 8A-8C, 8F, 8G, 9A, 15 and 19) each can be inserted into the exhaust ports 253G. The top 918 of the manhole cover 230G may have a curved or generally domed shape that is higher near the central portion 920 and downwardly curved toward the peripheral edge 921. This domed shape helps direct water away from the manhole cover 230G. the central part 920 and towards the peripheral edge 921. The domed shape also places the ventilation and exhaust holes 252G and 253G on the surface 30 (refer to Figures 1, 3-6C, 9A, 9B, 18, 19, 21 A , 26A and 32) in a predetermined amount (e.g., about 1 / 8 inch, about 3 / 8 inch as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act, at least about 1 / 8 inch inch or about 3 / 8 of an inch. At the periphery, the manhole cover 230G includes one or more conventional closed end holes 928, configured to be used to raise the manhole cover 230G from the manhole 62. Each of the holes 928 extends radially inward from the peripheral edge 921, towards the central portion 920, and passes under a transverse bridge portion 929. The worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) can insert a tool (e.g., a spout, not shown) into one of the holes 928, engage the bridge portion 929 and lift the manhole cover 230G upward and outward from the manhole 62. Optionally, referring to Figure 22B, the lower side 919 includes a downwardly extending annular-shaped wall 940 and surrounding the exhaust ports 253G. Implementations that include the annular-shaped wall 940 may omit one or more of the collectors 246A (refer to Figures 7, 9B and 19), 246D (refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H) and 460 ( refer to figures 11A-11C). The bottom side 919 may include a downward extension structure 944 located within the wall 940. In the illustrated embodiment, the structure 944 has a generally hexagonal shape and is located at or near the central portion 920 of the cover. manhole 230G. Multiple support walls 948 extend radially outward from the structure 944 and pass through rounded beads 949 that are formed in the wall 940. Each of the walls 948 has a conical distal terminal portion 952 that ends before reach the peripheral edge 921. The exhaust holes 253G are located between the structure 944 and the wall 940. The ventilation holes 252G are located between the wall 940 and the peripheral edge 921. The 230G manhole cover can be used in place of the 230A-230F manhole covers in the first three embodiments described above. In these implementations, the vents 252G may optionally be used as exhaust ports and the exhaust ports 253G may optionally be used as vents. However, this is not a requirement. Although the ventilation system 910 was described with the manhole cover 230G, the ventilation system 910 may alternatively include one of the manhole covers 230A-230F illustrated in Figures 5A, 6A, 7, 8A , 9B and 10A, respectively. Additionally, the manhole cover 230G can be implemented by retrofitting a conventional manhole cover (e.g., the vented manhole cover 70 illustrated in Figure 2), by creating ventilation holes 252G and / or exhaust holes 253G in an otherwise solid cover, plugging some existing holes (e.g., the ventilation holes 72 illustrated in Figure 2) and / or adding the annular-shaped wall 940 in the bottom of the manhole cover. AIR MOVEMENT ASSEMBLY Referring to Figure 21B, the air movement assembly 914 includes the vent pipe 400 and the air refresher 410. Optionally, the air movement assembly 914 may include the optional flotation assembly 412 (refer to Figure 12 ). The air movement assembly 914 may include a support bracket assembly 960 and / or one of the optional manifolds 246A (refer to Figures 7, 9B and 19), 246D (refer to Figures 8A, 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H) and 460 (refer to Figures 11A-11C). However, as mentioned above, when using the 230G manhole cover, the manifold is not necessary. As will be described in more detail later, the MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz air freshener 410 can be implemented as an air freshener assembly 1100 (refer to Figures 27 and 30-32). SUPPORT BRACKET ASSEMBLY Referring to Figure 23, the support bracket assembly 960 has multiple coupling assemblies 961-964 coupled to a support frame 965. Referring to Figure 24, the support frame 965 includes an annular-shaped wall 966 with an upper limit portion 967 configured to engage the annular-shaped wall 940 (refer to Figures 21B and 22B) of the manhole cover 230G (refer to Figures 21A-22B, 31 and 32). Optionally, a closure (not shown) may be placed between the walls 940 and 966. The annular-shaped wall 966 includes slots or cutouts 971-974, which extend downward from the upper boundary portion 967. The support frame 965 includes multiple elongated frame members 981-984 that extend outwardly from a central portion 985. The frame members 981-984 are substantially identical to each other. The frame members 981-984 extend from the central portion 985, through cutouts 971-974, respectively, and are attached to the annular-shaped wall 966 at cutouts 971-974, respectively. Frame members 981 and 983 align with each other longitudinally and are therefore collinear with each other. Similarly, frame members 982 and 984 align with each other longitudinally and are therefore collinear with each other. In the illustrated embodiment, internal angles of approximately 90 degrees are defined between adjacent members of the frame members 981-984. However, this is not a requirement. Each of the frame members 981-984 has a free distal end 986 with an opening 987 into a longitudinal extension channel 988. Additionally, each of the frame members 981-984 has one or more passage holes transversals 989 that provide lateral access towards the channel 988 of the frame member. Referring to Figure 23, each of the through holes 989 (refer to Figure 24) is configured to receive a fastener F4 (e.g., a set screw). In the illustrated embodiment, an outward extension threaded portion 980 surrounds each of the passage holes 989 (refer to Figure 24). Each of the threaded portions 980 has internal threads aligned with the through hole 989 (refer to Figure 24) and configured to mate with external threads that are formed in each of the fasteners F4. Therefore, the fasteners F4 can be screwed and unscrewed into the through holes 989 (refer to Figure 24). Referring to Figure 23, coupling assemblies 961-964 are substantially identical to each other. For the sake of brevity, only coupling assembly 961 will be described in detail below. However, the same reference numerals have been used to identify substantially identical components of coupling assemblies 961-964. Referring to Figure 25, the coupling assembly 961 has an elongated support member 990, configured to receive within the channel 988 (refer to Figure 24) of the frame member 981 (refer to Figure 24) and to slide from longitudinal (horizontal) shape there. Therefore, the support members 990 of the coupling assemblies 961-964 (refer to Figure 23) can be characterized as telescopic (in a horizontal direction) with respect to the frame members 981-984 (refer to Figure 23). , respectively. Referring to Figure 23, the fasteners F4 can be threaded into the through holes 989 (refer to Figure 24) and located there to connect laterally with the support members 990 and prevent said support members 990 from sliding into of channels 988 (refer to figure 24). Thus, referring to Figure 23, fasteners F4 lock the (horizontal) position of the support members 990 of the coupling assemblies 961-964, with respect to the frame members 981-984, respectively. Referring to Figure 25, the support member 990 has a distal end 992 configured to be positioned outside the channel 988 (refer to Figure 24), beyond the free distal end 986 (refer to Figure 24) of the frame member 981. A vertical support member 994 is coupled to the distal end 992 of the support member 990. The vertical support member 994 has one or more side walls 995 that define a passage channel 996. At least one transverse passage hole is formed 998 in one of the side walls 995 and is configured to provide lateral access to the passage channel 996. The passage hole 998 is configured to receive a fastener F5 (e.g., a fixing screw). In the illustrated embodiment, an outwardly extending threaded portion 999 surrounds the through hole 998. The threaded portion 999 has internal threads aligned with the through hole 998 and configured to mate with external threads that are formed in the fastener F5. . Therefore, the fastener F5 can be screwed and unscrewed into the through hole 998. The passage channel 996 is configured to receive a vertical sliding member 1000, configured to slide within the passage channel 996 of the vertical support member 994. Therefore, the sliding member 1000 can be characterized as telescopic (in the vertical direction). with respect to the vertical support member 994. The fastener F5 can be inserted into the passage hole 998 and located there to make a lateral connection with the sliding member 1000 and prevent said sliding member 1000 from sliding within the passage channel 996 In this way, the fastener F5 can be used to lock the (vertical) position of the sliding member 1000 with respect to the vertical support member 994. The sliding member 1000 has an upper end portion 1002 with the transverse tubular shaped member 1006 coupled thereto. The tubular-shaped member 1006 has a passage channel 1008 formed therein and configured to slideably receive ΜΛ / a / ZUZ 1 / U1 or I oz a pin 1010. In the illustrated embodiment, the pipe-shaped member 1006 passes through a through hole 1012 formed in the upper terminal part 1002 and is welded to the sliding member 1000. The pipe-shaped member 1006 has an end surface 1007 oriented away from the sliding member 1000. The pipe-shaped member 1006 has a passage hole 1020 that passes through the passage channel 1008 between the sliding member 1000. and the end surface 1007. The through hole 1020 provides lateral access to the through channel 1008 and is configured to receive a fastener F6 (e.g., a cotter pin). The pin 1010 has a body portion 1028 configured to slide within the passage channel 1008 and a head portion 1030 too large to enter and pass through the passage channel 1008. A series of spaced passage holes 1034 are formed in the body portion 1028. The pin 1010 may be characterized as telescoping (in a horizontal direction) with respect to the pipe-shaped member 1006 and the sliding member 1000. As the body portion 1028 of the pin 1010 slides within the channel of the passage hole 1008 of the pipe-shaped member 1006, another of the passage holes 1034 can be selectively aligned with the cross passage hole 1020. Then, the fastener F6 can be inserted through the cross passage hole 1020 and into the selected passage hole 1034 which is formed in the pin 1010. In this way, the fastener F6 can be used to lock the position of the pin 1010 with respect to the pipe-shaped member 1006 and the sliding member 1000. The body part 1028 of pin 1010 has a free distal end 1038 configured to be inserted into a hole 1040 (refer to Figure 26B) that is drilled to a sufficient depth (e.g. e.g., % inch) on the inner surface 256G (refer to Figures 26A and 26B) of the annular support 250G (refer to Figures 21 A, 21B and 26). Referring to Figure 26B, the support bracket assembly 960 is coupled to the annular support 250G by placing the free distal ends 1038 (refer to Figure 25) of the pins 1010 of the coupling assemblies 961-964 into the holes 1040 which are drilled into the inner surface 256G of the annular support 250G. Referring to Figure 25, fasteners F4-F6 can be released and / or removed and the positions of the support members 990, the sliding members 1000 and the pins 1010, respectively, can be adjusted so that the distal ends 1038 of The pins 1010 mate with the holes 1040 (refer to Figure 26B) that are drilled in the inner surface 256G of the annular support 250G. In this way, the pins 1010 keep the annular wall 966 centered within a diameter of the handle 254G and locate the support bracket assembly 960 at a specific height within the annular support 250G. By adjusting the placement of the support members 990, the sliding members 1000 and the pins 1010 with respect to the support frame 965 (refer to Figures 23, 24 and 26), the support bracket assembly 960 can be configured for use with ring supports (such as the 250G ring support) with different internal shapes and sizes, as well as to accommodate 1040 holes (refer to Figure 26B) that can be drilled by hand and are not precisely located. This adjustment possibility also allows centering, leveling and / or adjusting the height of the annular wall 966, such that, when installing the manhole cover 230G, the upper terminal part 967 of the annular wall 966 is in contact with or very close to the annular wall 940. The support bracket assembly 960 can be easily installed, operated and removed. When first installed, installation experts use telescopic elements (e.g., worker 61 illustrated in Figures 1 and 3) to correctly position the ring-shaped wall 996 for mating with the ring-shaped wall 940. For example, worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) can hold one of the frame members 981-984 and insert the support bracket assembly 960 into the annular support 250G through the manhole 62. Then, the Worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) can adjust the support member 990 and the sliding members 1000 to position the terminal surface 1007 of the pipe-shaped members 1006 in contact with the internal surface 256G in each of the four holes 1040 (refer to Figure 26B) that are drilled there. Fasteners F4 and F5 (e.g. set screws) are then tightened. Pins 1010 slide into holes 1040 (refer to Figure 26B) as far as possible and are secured to fasteners F6 (e.g., cotter pins). To remove the support bracket assembly 960, all fasteners F4 and F5 (e.g., set screws) may remain fully tightened, such that the support bracket assembly 960 remains essentially rigid and fixed in its configuration. . The fasteners F6 (e.g., cotter pins) and pins 1010 can then be removed, thereby releasing the support bracket assembly 960. It may be beneficial to identify the pivotal position of the support bracket assembly 960 in the annular support 250G (e.g., by spray painting one of the frame members 981-984 and its immediate surroundings) before removing the support bracket assembly. support 960. This allows installation of the support bracket assembly 960 without performing a system alignment. The support bracket assembly 960 can be configured for long life. By way of non-limiting examples, the support bracket assembly 960 may be constructed from aluminum alloys, plated steel, stainless steel, fiberglass, etc. VENTILATION PIPE As mentioned above and referring to Figure 21B, the air movement assembly 914 includes the vent pipe 400. In the illustrated implementation, the vent pipe 400 includes parts P1 and P2. However, alternative arrangements can be used, such as those described above. In the illustrated implementation, the air refresher 410 is placed between parts P1 and P2. The part P1 may have a conical shape and may be constructed from a rigid material (e.g., metal, fiberglass, PVC and the like). The part P2 may have a generally cylindrical shape. In the illustrated implementation, part P2 is flexible and optionally configured to compress (or function as a bellows) to compact (or compress) during installation, transportation and / or removal. For example, referring to Figure 21 A, part P2 can be compressed to a relatively short extension by hooking on the second open end 442 (e.g., using a hook attached to a line or pulley) and lifting the second open end 442 upstream. Part P2 may be constructed from a durable fabric (e.g., neoprene-coated polyester) with chemical resistance, L)V resistance, vapor resistance, non-conduction, and / or impermeability. The part P2 may be durable enough to resist being dragged onto and deposited on the surface 30. In this embodiment, referring to Figure 26A, the first open end 440 (which is located on an open end of the part P1) is coupled to the support bracket assembly 960 (which is attached to the annular support 250G). In the illustrated embodiment, the first open end 440 is secured (e.g., by a pipe or band clamp 1050) to the support bracket assembly 960. In this embodiment, part P1 omits the lower flange 402 (refer to Figures 8A and 8B). Similarly, part P2 omits the upper flange 404 (refer to Figures 8A and 8B). On the contrary, the lower end 401 of part P1 and the upper end 403 of part P2 are coupled to the air renewal 410. Referring to Figure 21B, in the illustrated embodiment, the lower end 401 of part P1 can be attached (e.g., by a pipe or band clip 1052) to the air refresher 410 and the upper end 403 of part P2 may be attached (e.g., by a pipe or band clip 1054) to the air refresher air 410. Referring to Figure 21 A, the second open end 442 can be located close to (e.g., at a predetermined distance) from the floor 58. In this way, the air refresher 410 can exhaust air and / or remove air from the vault 12 near the floor 58, which circulates a part of the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) near the floor 58. As mentioned above, the vent pipe 400 may include the one or more second openings 448. For example, the portion P2 may include multiple second openings 448 (e.g., the holes 449 illustrated in Figure 9A) formed in the one or more walls 430 (refer to figures 5A, 5B, 19 and 20). The second openings 448 may be configured to allow ventilation to occur, even as the water level / ui or i in the vault 12 increases. The second openings 448 may be of a uniform size and shape or graduated (or varied) to capture air (or press air) from larger holes located lower in the dome 12. Likewise, one or more of the second openings 448 may be a slot or may include a flap portion (such as the flap portion 447 illustrated in FIG. 20), configured to remain closed until the water level rises. Optionally, vent pipe 400 may include flotation assembly 412 (refer to Figure 12). For example, the flange 680 (refer to Figure 12) of the optional flotation assembly 412 (refer to Figure 12) may be attached at or near the upper end 403 of part P2 and the bellows 682 (refer to Figure 12) can extend downwards through part P2. The second open end 442 may be located in the support block 686 (refer to Figure 12). In these embodiments, one or more second openings 448 may be formed in the one or more walls 430 (refer to Figures 5A, 5B, 19 and 20) of the part P2 in the bellows 682. Referring to Figure 20, each one of the second openings 448 may include the flap portion 447. Alternatively, referring to Figure 21 A, the float subassembly 684 (refer to Figure 12) without the other components of the float assembly 412 (refer to Figure 12) can be attached to the second open end 442. In these embodiments, the second open end 442 is not located in the support block 686 (refer to Figure 12). In contrast, the flotation subassembly 684 (refer to Figure 12) raises and lowers the second open end 442 as the flood water level in the dome 12 changes. In this way, the flotation subassembly 684 maintains the at least a second opening 448 above the water and in fluid communication with the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) within the dome 12. Referring to Figure 20, each of the second openings 448 may include the part of flap 447. Referring to Figure 30, the passage channel 432 of the vent pipe 400 is large enough to move the desired amount of air. As in other embodiments and referring to Figure 21 A, the vent pipe 400 may be configured to supply air and / or remove air from any location in the vault 12. For example, multiple second openings 448 may be formed in the vent pipe. 400 ventilation in desired locations. AIR RENEWER ASSEMBLY Referring to Figure 21 A, as mentioned above, in the ventilation system 910, the air refresher 410 can be implemented as the air refresher assembly 1100 illustrated in Figure 27. Referring to Figure 27, The air freshener assembly 1100 may be oriented to blow air from the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3) towards the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) or vice versa. As shown in Figure 27, the air freshener assembly 1100 has an outer shell 1110 that is formed by a substantially hollow outer shell body 1112 and a cover cap 1114. The outer shell body 1112 has a first end open 1120 opposite a second open end 1122. Referring to Figure 30, each of the first and second open ends 1120 and 1122 (refer to Figures 27 and 30) connect with the vent pipe 400 and are located in fluid communication with the inner passage channel 432 of the vent pipe 400. The first open end 1120 can be inserted into the lower end 401 of the part P1 and coupled thereto by the pipe clamp 1052. Similarly, the second Open end 1122 can be inserted into the upper end 403 of part P2 and coupled thereto by pipe clamp 1054. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer cover body 1112 has a generally cylindrical external shape, with a generally circular transverse shape. . Referring to Figure 27, in the illustrated embodiment, the cover cap 1114 is generally flat and has an annular shape. The cover cap 1114 engages the first open end 1120 of the outer cover body 1112 and partially closes it. A seal may be formed at a peripheral edge 1126 of the cover cap 1114 between the cover cap 1114 and the first open end 1120 of the outer cover body 1112. The cover cap 1114 has a central opening 1128. An inner cover body 1130 extends into the outer cover body 1112 from the cover cap 1114. Referring to Figure 30, the inner cover body 1130 has a first open end 1132 located within the central opening 1128. of the cover cap 1114 and a second open end 1134 opposite the first open end 1132 located within the outer cover body 1112. A seal may be formed between the first open end 1132 of the inner cover body 1130 and the cover cap 1114 in the central opening 1128. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner cover body 1130 has a generally cylindrical external shape, with a generally circular transverse shape. The first open end 1132 is in fluid communication with the internal passage channel 432 of the vent pipe 400. The air freshener assembly 1100 has a fan assembly 1140 that is located within the outer casing 1110. The fan assembly 1140 can be configured to generate sufficient airflow to completely replace the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3 ) with a part of the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3) in a predetermined amount of time (e.g., one day or one hour). Referring to Figure 28, the fan assembly 1140 includes a fan shroud 1142, a cap 1144, and one or more fans 1150. MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz Referring to Figure 30, the fan shroud 1142 is located within the outer shroud body 1112 with one or more vertical air channels 1154 defined therebetween. Referring to Figure 29, in the illustrated embodiment, the fan shroud 1142 has a generally triangular transverse shape which is defined by substantially flat panels 1146, 1147 and 1148 (refer to Figure 28), coupled together at their edges. through brackets 1156, 1157 and 1158. Referring to Figure 30, as mentioned above, the external cover body 1112 may have a circular transverse shape. Therefore, in the illustrated embodiment, the fan shroud 1142 has a different transverse shape than the outer shroud body 1112. However, this is not a requirement. The fan shroud 1142 has a first open end 1160 opposite a second open end 1162. The first open end 1160 may be immediately adjacent to the shroud 1114. The shroud 1114 protects or shields the one or more fans 1150 from debris and water falling through vent pipe 400 from the top of air freshener assembly 1100. The inner shroud body 1130 extends downwardly through the first open end 1160 partially through the fan shroud 1142. The lid 1144 engages and closes the second open end 1162 of the fan shroud 1142. Therefore, an internal chamber 1170 is defined within the fan shroud 1142. The outer shroud body 1112 extends beyond the inner shroud body 1130 to locate the second open end 1122 of the outer shroud body 1112 away from the cover 1144. Referring to Figure 29, in the illustrated embodiment, the rods 1172-1174 extend downward from the cover cap 1114 and through the internal chamber 1170. The distal ends 1176 of the rods 1172-1174 pass through the cap 1144. F7 fasteners (e.g., wing nuts) are attached (e.g., by threading) to the distal ends 1176 and removably secure the cap 1144 in place. One or more through holes 1180 are formed in the fan shroud 1142 between its first and second open ends 1160 and 1162. In the illustrated embodiment, a different through hole 1180 is provided for each fan 1150. Referring to the figure 30, each fan 1150 is mounted on the fan shroud 1142 and is positioned to blow air into (or out of) the internal chamber 1170, through the one or more passage holes 1180. In other words, making Referring to Figure 30, the one or more fans 1150 perform an air exchange between the air channels 1154 and the internal chamber 1170. The air exchange causes air to flow towards (or from) the second open end 1134 of the body of inner cover 1130, which causes an air exchange between the inner cover body 1130 and the inner passage channel 432 of the ventilation pipe 400 (by MA / a / ZUZl / U I or I oz the first open end 1132 of the inner cover body 1130). When the fan assembly 1140 blows air into the dome 12 (refer to Figures 1,3-4B 9A, 18, 19, 21A, 21B, 26A and 32), that air is displaced from the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3), through the manhole cover 230G (refer to Figures 21A-22B, 31 and 32) and into the ventilation pipe 400 (e.g., part P1 ). Air then enters the first open end 1132 of the inner cover body 1130, flows through the inner cover body 1130 and exits therefrom into the inner chamber 1170. The one or more fans 1150 blow air through the one or more passage holes 1180 from the internal chamber 1170, through the air channels 1154 and towards the outside of the second open end 1122 of the outer cover body 1112. The air exiting the second open end 1122 (refer to Figures 27 and 30) enters the vent pipe 400 (e.g., at the upper end 403 of part P2). Referring to Figure 21B, the vent pipe 400 directs the air flow towards the second opening 448 and the air flow enters the dome 12 through the second opening 448. On the other hand, referring to Figure 21 A, when the fan assembly 1140 (refer to Figures 28 and 30) blows air (as exhaust) from the main chamber 52 of the dome 12, a portion ("exhaust air ») of the internal atmosphere 104 (refer to Figure 3) within the main chamber 52 is carried towards the second opening 448 of the ventilation pipe 400. Referring to Figure 30, the exhaust air flows towards the second end opened 1122 of the outer cover body 1112 from the ventilation pipe 400 (e.g., through the upper end 403 of the P2 part), moves through the air channels 1154 and is blown by the one or more fans 1150 through the passage holes 1180 towards the internal chamber 1170. The exhaust air then enters the second open end 1134 of the internal cover body 1130, flows through it and exits through its first open end 1132 towards the pipe ventilation 400 (e.g., towards the lower end 401 of part P1). From that moment and referring to Figure 21 A, the exhaust air moves through the manhole cover 230G and towards the external atmosphere 102 (refer to Figure 3). Referring to Figure 30, the illustrated air freshener assembly 1100 can be characterized with the implementation of a diving bell that helps protect the fan(s) 1150 when the vault 12 (refer to Figures 1,3-4B, 9A , 18, 19, 21 A, 21B, 26A and 32) is partially filled with water. The air inside the outer cover body 1112 can exit through the inner cover body 1130 or the second open end 1122 of the outer cover body 1112. Therefore, when the second open end 1122 of the outer cover body 1112 and the second open end 1134 of the inner cover body 1130 are immersed in water, none of the air trapped between the cover cap 1114, the inner cover body 1130 and the outer cover body 1112 MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz may exit from the interior of the air freshener assembly 1100. Because the second open end 1134 of the inner shroud body 1130 is located below the one or more fans 1150, the one or more More 1150 fans are located within the trapped air and are protected from complete submergence in the event of flooding. Therefore, expensive submersible fans are not required to implement the air freshener assembly 1100. Likewise, a complex control system is not required to turn off the one or more fans 1150 during a flooding situation in which water reaches the 1100 air refresher assembly. Although the 1100 fan assembly was illustrated with multiple 1150 fans, some implementations may include a single fan. Likewise, while each fan 1150 was illustrated as an axial fan that uses blades (or impellers) to move air, other types of fans could be used (e.g., centrifugal fans, radial fans, aligned radial fans, etc. .). The one or more fans 1150 may be selected based on compatibility with the operating environment (which may include water, salt, steam, freezing temperatures, petrochemical exposure, life expectancy, spark-free motor, explosion resistance, etc.) within vault 12 (refer to figures 1,34B, 9A, 18, 19, 21A, 21B, 26A and 32). The one or more fans 1150 may have an IP55 rating, dust protection and / or water jet protection. It may be desirable to implement the one or more fans 1150 with fans configured to have a useful life of at least a predetermined period (e.g., about 50,000 hours) and / or to operate within a predetermined temperature spectrum (e.g., about 50,000 hours). e.g., around -30aC to around 80QC). The one or more fans 1150 may be powered by alternating current ("AC"). 240 VAC or 440 VAC to 480 VAC. Where the fan assembly 1140 includes multiple fans 1150, the fans may be implemented as redundant alternating current ("AC") driven fans in parallel. Alternatively, direct current ("DC") or three-phase AC power may be used to drive the one or more fans 1150. Referring to Figure 31, power can be supplied to the air freshener assembly 1100 through a connection 1190 with a power source. The power source may be cable 110 (refer to Figures 3, 21A and 32), which can be configured to supply 120 VAC, 240 VAC or 480 VAC. In these implementations, the connection 1190 may include a splice 1194 on the cable 110 (refer to Figures 3, 21A and 32) or an inductor coil located next to the cable 110. Alternatively and with reference to Figure 21 A, if dome 12 includes wall receptacle / plug 1192, connection 1190 MA / a / 2U21 or 102 (refer to Figures 21B and 31) may simply include a conventional power cable with a plug configured to pair with and receive power from the receptacle / plug 1192. As an additional non-exhaustive example, referring to Figure 21B, connection 1190 can take parasitic power in the event of no service voltage available in vault 12. Optionally and referring to Figure 32, a inductor load plate 1193 in the vault 12 (e.g., on the floor 58) and connection 1190 (refer to Figures 21B and 31) may include an antenna 1195 configured to receive power from the inductor load plate 1193. The antenna 1195 may extend (e.g., through the vent pipe 400) from the air freshener assembly 1100 toward the inductor load plate 1193. The outer cover body 1112 (refer to Figures 27, 30 and 31 ) may provide connection points for connection 1190 (refer to Figures 21B and 31). In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 31, the one or more fans 1150 (refer to Figures 28-30 and 33) are connected and powered by a cable or wire 1196 that extends outwardly from the outer cover body 1112 and terminates in a plug or power receptacle 1197. Alternatively, the cable 1196 may be placed within the outer casing body 1112 and the power receptacle 1197 may be attached to the external casing body 1112. The connection 1190 has a plug 1198 configured to mate with and supply power to the 1197 power receptacle. Connection 1190 receives power from junction 1194 connected to cable 110, as shown in Figure 21 A. Referring to Figure 31, worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) can manually connect plug 1198 of connection 1190 to power receptacle 1197. Optionally, one or both of plug 1198 and power receptacle 1197 can be magnetic, to help maintain the intermediate connection and facilitate the connection of the two components to each other. Figure 32 illustrates the ventilation system 910 installed in vault 12. As shown in this figure, the ventilation system 910 can be used to capture air from neighboring vaults 14 and 16 (via ducts 20A-20C) and / or press air into neighboring vaults 14 and 16 (via ducts 20A-20C). Therefore, it is not necessary for the ventilation system 910 to be installed in each vault of a system (e.g., system 10 illustrated in Figure 1), to reduce manhole situations. One or more second openings 448 may be placed near conduits 20A-20C. For example, each of the conduits 20A-20C may have one or more openings 1199 in the dome 12 and one or more second openings 448 may be placed near the one or more openings 1199 of one or more of the conduits 20A-20C. . Referring to Figure 21 A, although the air freshener 410 of the ventilation system 910 was illustrated implemented by the air freshener assembly 1100 ΙνΙΛ / α / ΖυΖΊ / U1 or I OZ (refer to figures 27 and 30-32), the air renewal 410 can alternatively be implemented by the aligned heater 500 (refer to figures 8A, 8B, 9A and 13A- 13C) or the aligned fan 550 (refer to Figures 14A-14C). By way of additional non-limiting examples, the air refresher 410 may be implemented as a forced convection device, a mechanical bellows, a compressor, a piston pump, a piston air refresher, an inline pump, a fan, a blower, a cartridge heater, a coil heater or a heat generating device, configured to provide passive heating, such as a transformer, generator, compressor and the like. It is also contemplated that a redundant system utilizing more than one type of air movement device (e.g., both the aligned fan 550 and the aligned heater 500) may be advantageous in particularly critical applications. Also, more than one air movement device of the same type can be used. Although the air freshener assembly 1100 (refer to Figures 27 and 30-32) was illustrated as a component of the ventilation system 910, the air freshener assembly 1100 can alternatively be used to implement the air freshener 410 of the ventilation system 210 illustrated in Figure 4A or the ventilation system 710 illustrated in Figure 18. OPTIONAL WASTE COLLECTOR Referring to Figure 33, an optional debris collector 1200 may be attached to the inner cover body 1130 and positioned to collect debris falling from the second open end 1134 of the inner cover body 1130. The debris collector 1200 is configured to collect and store dirt, trash and other debris entering the ventilation system 910 (refer to figures 21 A, 21B and 32) from the surface 30 (refer to figures 1, 3-6C, 9A, 9B, 18 , 19, 21 A, 26A and 32). In the illustrated embodiment, the waste collector 1200 is generally bucket-shaped and has a first open end 1204 opposite a second closed end 1206. The first open end 1204 is positioned to receive waste falling from the second end. open 1134 of the inner cover body 1130. The waste collector 1200 may include through holes 1210, configured to receive the fasteners F8 (fasteners) that removably couple the waste collector 1200 to the inner cover body 1130. The worker 61 (refer to Figures 1 and 3) you can empty the waste collector 1200 by removing the air freshener assembly 1100 from the vault 12 (refer to Figures 1,3-4B, 9A, 18, 19, 21 A, 21B , 26A and 32). EXPERIMENTAL In a first series of experiments, various vented manhole cover configurations were evaluated for their ability to purge a contaminated gas composition from a simulated manhole dome, as follows. Test apparatus A test apparatus simulating a typical manhole vault was first fabricated and is illustrated schematically in Figure 34. This figure illustrates the case where a superheated exhaust pipe and manifold are used, as in assembly 4, which is described later. A wind tunnel 118 was connected, comprising a first channel 119 with a diameter of 20 inches and multiple cardboard tubes with a diameter of 2 inches 123 located there in a compacted configuration with all axes in parallel, at the entrance side of a manhole test chamber with a height of 2 feet 122. Air was forced through the first channel 119 by a variable speed fan 121, as indicated by the large arrow pointing to the left. A second similar channel 120, also with small tubes 123, was connected to the outlet side of the test chamber 122. In each case, the tubes 123 ensured essentially laminar air flow in the chamber 122. The test chamber 122 was placed over a 200 plywood manhole vault with dimensions of 4 feet wide, 4 feet long, and 8 feet high, in which the joints were covered with caulk and tape to prevent uncontrolled gas escape. The air flow from the fan 121 provided a simulated wind, which passed over the surface of a 32-inch diameter test manhole cover 201, in which the latter rested on a handle in an opening in the bottom of the test chamber 122. In some of the experiments, a first end 140' of a schedule 10 steel exhaust pipe of 4 140 was connected to a corresponding port on the test manhole cover 201 (i.e., directly or with the help of a collector, as illustrated). In use, the exhaust pipe 140 was wrapped with electrical heating tape, substantially along its entire length (with a fiberglass insulation jacket, not shown), to provide an aligned heater 150. The second end (inlet ) 140 of pipe 140 was located approximately 9 inches above the floor 208 of vault 200. A 4-inch diameter gas inlet pipe 124 was used near the bottom of vault 200, to introduce a denser gas composition than the air in the vault. The concentration of this simulated contaminant was quantitatively monitored with the aid of a neon-helium laser source 126 coupled at ground level and a light meter 128 coupled near the ceiling of the vault 200 and aligned with the laser source 126. . Procedure To evaluate the ventilation effectiveness of various manhole cover designs described above, the manhole dome 200 described above was filled with a denser than air gas composition and the time required to purge essentially all of the manhole cover was determined. composition of the vault in different ΙνΙΛ / α / ΖυΖΊ / U I or I OZ wind conditions, with preference for the shortest purification time. In these tests, the gas composition consisted of a commercial "Halloween haze", made with a solution of a glycol and water, which was supplied through gas inlet line 124 with a commercial home fog machine, following the instructions of the maker. During a typical test, the voltage signal produced from the light meter 128 was recorded continuously by a data acquisition unit, with this value inversely proportional to the density of the fog or directly proportional to the atmospheric clarity. As the haze was cleared, this signal gradually decreased until it stabilized for about 10 minutes at a maximum reading, indicated as a cleared canopy state, which was also corroborated visually. Using the apparatus described above, four different manhole cover assembly configurations were evaluated with respect to vault clearance time, in which each manhole cover was a wood imitation of the particular design being tested: Assembly 1 (control) was the conventional vented manhole cover 70, used by ConEd of NY (refer to Background of the Invention). As shown in Figure 2, this lid 70 had twelve vent holes 72 placed circumferentially every 30 degrees near its periphery and twelve such holes 72 placed closer to the center of the lid, also every 30 degrees. Each hole 72 had a diameter of 1 1 / 8 inches. This check did not include manifold, exhaust pipe 140 or heater 150. Assembly 2 was the same as Assembly 1, but included the heated exhaust pipe (i.e., pipe 140 and heater 150) connected to a manifold attached to the bottom of the manhole cover 70 and the manifold with the internal holes 72 shown in Figure 2. Assembly 3 was essentially the design illustrated in Figures 10A-10F (i.e., with manhole cover 230F, round vent covers 652F, and exhaust passage cover 280), which also included the exhaust pipe 140 with heater 150. Assembly 4 was essentially the design illustrated in Figures 8A-8I (i.e., with manhole cover 230D, round vent covers 652D, and exhaust port covers 653D), which also included the heated exhaust pipe. In the experiments in which the exhaust pipe 140 had a fluid connection with the manhole cover analyzed, it was heated by passing an electrical current of 110 V through a heating cable (heater 150) wrapped around the pipe. exhaust 140, which was covered with fiberglass thermal insulation, as described above. The pipe temperature was controlled at 30°C above ambient temperature before starting each test. MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz The results of the haze removal efficiency evaluations of the above assemblies at various wind speeds are shown in Figure 35, using the following symbols: x = assembly 1, ♦ = assembly 2, = assembly 3 and · = assembly 4. From this figure it can be seen that although assembly 1 (the manhole cover with control ventilation without the heated pipe) can sometimes clear the vault in less time than the others systems evaluated by increasing wind speed, all assemblies that also used the heated tubing in accordance with the present invention provided significantly shorter clearance times with static air (i.e., wind speed = 0). It should be particularly noted that assembly 4 according to the first preferred embodiment of the manhole cover had a clearance time "in static air" of about half of the control. As evidence that the above laser source 126 and light meter 128 produced reliable measurements of the concentration of a gas denser than air, separate evaluations were performed using argon as the test gas, in which the oxygen concentration was detected with electronic oxygen sensors located at various points in the vault. In these analyses, the exhaust pipe 140 was not heated and the openings in the cap assembly 2 were first covered with tape. Argon was supplied into vault 200 through gas inlet pipe 124 until the oxygen concentration was found below two volume percent at a sensor placed on a wall approximately 1 inch above the floor. At test time zero, the closure of the test manhole cover was removed (i.e., the tape was removed from all holes in the manhole cover) and the ventilation system was connected. The test ended when the oxygen concentration reached 20.9%, which is consistent with the atmosphere outside the chamber. Figure 36 compares the clearance times for the argon gas (A) and the aforementioned haze (), with the assembly cover 2. It can be seen that the trend of the two tests is similar, but the argon clearance time without external wind is sometimes higher than that of the haze test, again demonstrating the difficulty of removing gases denser than air in a windless environment. These evaluations confirm that artificial haze is a good substitute for argon and other gases denser than air. In a second series of experiments, the plywood manhole vault 200 described above featured a wooden test manhole cover similar to the vented manhole cover 70 shown in Figure 2, but with a 4-inch diameter center hole in addition to the twenty-four 1 1 / 8-inch holes already present. The lid was cut into two semicircular halves, to allow for fastening a portion of heated aluminum tubing (and ΜΛ / a / ZUZ 1 or I oz insulated) 2 feet in length with a flange at each end, as shown in Figures 13A-13C (i.e., heater aligned 500), into the center hole by joining the two lid halves. The 500 aligned heater was then held from the cover by its top flange. Four centimeter diameter PVC exhaust pipe portions of various lengths were connected to the lower flange of the aligned heater 500 and centered on the vault 200 to provide assemblies in which an exhaust pipe inlet height was configured above the floor 208 of the vault 200 in the values ​​indicated in the left column of table 1 below. In this table, a height of "zero" above the ground indicates that the entry end 140 rested on the ground 208 and that a clearance of approximately 1 / 16 inch was maintained between this end and the ground, due to the cut in gross exhaust pipe 140. Precautions were taken to introduce argon gas into the vault through a pipe that distributed the gas to diffusers located on the floor of the vault at various locations. A fuel cell oxygen sensor (class R-17s, Teledyne Analytical Instruments) was placed in a corner of the vault, approximately one inch above ground level, and a signal was directed from it to an oxygen meter. (MiniOx® I, MSA Medical Products), which directly showed the oxygen concentration. A webcam recorded the oxygen meter reading every second and saved the resulting video to a computer. In a typical procedure, a particular extension of exhaust pipe was attached to the aligned heater and analyzed as follows. The vault was closed, the heater temperature was set aligned 500 and held at 60SC and the webcam was turned on. All of these tests were performed without the simulated wind described above (i.e., with static air over the test manhole cover). Argon was supplied into the vault until the oxygen sensor indicated <1.5% oxygen, after which the gas flow was stopped and a ventilation test began (time = 0). Ventilation of vault 200 was continued using the aligned heater / exhaust pipe combination until the oxygen concentration indicated by the sensor reached at least 20.5%, after which the webcam video was manually analyzed, with the data transcribed every 15 minutes. In addition to these ventilation tests with various exhaust pipe lengths, two control tests were also performed in which only the heater was suspended aligned from the manhole cover, but no heating was performed. In the first control (CO), the central hole of the manhole cover was blocked, while the 24 smaller holes remained open. This configuration is similar to the vented manhole cover above used by ConEd. In the second control (CC), both the central hole and all smaller holes were covered with a rubber cover. The oxygen concentration was plotted against time for each extension of Μλ / a / zuzi / un or i oz pipe analyzed, as well as for the two controls. The end point of the test was the time at which the oxygen concentration exceeded 20.5% and the derivative of the concentration-time curve was essentially zero. The ventilation results obtained in this way were then classified according to the calculated area under the concentration-time curve for each analyzed state and the result of the open control (CO) served as a basis for comparison. Therefore, the ratio of the area under the control curve (CO) to the area under the curve for a specific exhaust pipe extension was calculated and reported as the “clearance ratio.” This relationship is indicated in the right column of Table 1, with larger values ​​indicating more effective removal of denser-than-air argon from the lower regions of the vault. It should be noted that the clearance ratio for open control (CO) is 1.00 by definition. Based on Table 1, it is observed that the preferred pipe inlet height for most effective argon purification was 6 inches from the ground and the preferred range is 0 to 36 inches from the ground, with the ratio of debugging greater than 1 (i.e. open control). Surprisingly, ventilation systems with the exhaust pipe inlet 48 to 72 inches above ground level were less effective than the open control, indicating that some ventilation systems may actually make it difficult to vent gases. denser than air. Table 1 Exhaust Pipe Inlet Height Above Ground (inches) Clearance Ratio “0” 2.00 3 2.01 6 3.16 9 2.42 12 2.11 24 2.13 36 1.32 48 0.58 60 0.65 72 0.68 Control Closed 0.74 Control Open 1.00 The previously described embodiments illustrate different components included in or connected to different additional components. It should be understood that the illustrated architectures are merely illustrative and that in fact many others can be implemented that achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any configuration of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” to achieve the desired functionality. Therefore, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be taken as "associated" with each other, so as to achieve the desired functionality, regardless of intermediate architectures or components. Likewise, any two components associated in this way can also be taken to be “operationally connected” or “operationally coupled” to each other, to achieve the desired functionality. While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that, based on the information herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the present invention and its more general aspects. and, therefore, the appended claims include in their scope all changes and modifications that are within the spirit and actual scope of the present invention. Likewise, it must be understood that the invention is only defined by the attached claims. Those skilled in the art should generally understand that the terms used herein and especially in the accompanying claims (e.g., the body of the accompanying claims) are generally presented as "open" terms ( e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including, but not limited to”, the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least”, the term “includes” should be interpreted such as "includes, but is not limited to", etc.). Those skilled in the art should also understand that, if a specific amount of a mention is intended in the entered claim, that intention will be made explicit in the claim and that, in the absence of such mention, there is no such intention. For example, to aid understanding, the following accompanying claims may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce statements of claims. However, the use of these phrases should not be interpreted to imply that the introduction of a mention in the claim with the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing this introductory formulation to inventions that only contain only one of these mentions, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "one" should typically be interpreted as "at least one" or "one or more"). This also applies to the use of definite articles to introduce statements of claims. Likewise, even if a specific quantity of an entered claim statement is indeed explicitly indicated, those skilled in the art will note that such wiA / ai¿v¿i iv i or i o¿ statement should typically be interpreted as at least the amount indicated (e.g., the basic mention of “two mentions”, without other modifiers, typically means at least two mentions or two or more mentions). Accordingly, the invention is not limited except by the attached claims 5.

Claims

1. A system for use with a manhole vault, a manhole cover, and an external atmosphere outside the manhole vault, the manhole vault having an interior and a manhole opening providing access to the interior, the manhole cover being configured to be located within the manhole opening, the manhole cover having upper and lower surfaces with one or more passage holes extending between them, each of the one or more passage holes being in fluid communication with the external atmosphere at the upper surface when the manhole cover is split within the manhole opening, the interior containing an internal atmosphere, at least one unwanted gas, and an electrical cable carrying alternating current (AC), the system being characterized in that it comprises: a vent tube having a first opening,a second opening and an internal passageway extending between the first and second openings, the first opening being located close to at least one selected passageway in the lower surface of the manhole cover, the second opening being located inside the manhole vault, the internal passageway being configured to provide fluid communication between the internal atmosphere and the at least one selected passageway in the manhole cover; and an air movement device comprising a connection configured to receive AC power from a splice that is connected to the electrical cable inside the manhole vault,The air movement device is configured to operate in a manhole environment when the air movement device is located entirely inside the manhole vault and is powered by AC energy drawn from the electrical cable. The operation of the air movement device inside the manhole vault creates a flow comprising a portion of a first atmosphere from the internal and external atmospheres. The flow passes through the internal passage channel of the vent pipe into a second atmosphere, different from the internal and external atmospheres. This flow causes a portion of at least one unwanted gas to leave the interior and enter the external atmosphere.

2. A system for use with a manhole vault, a manhole cover, and an external atmosphere outside the manhole vault, the manhole vault having an interior and a manhole opening providing access to the interior, the manhole cover configured to be located within the opening of the MA / a / ZUZl / U1 or I oz manhole, the manhole cover having upper and lower surfaces with one or more passage holes extending between them, each of the one or more passage holes being in fluid communication with the external atmosphere at the upper surface when the manhole cover is split within the manhole opening, the interior containing an internal atmosphere, at least one unwanted gas, and an electrical cable carrying alternating current (AC), the system being characterized in that it comprises: a vent pipe having a first opening,a second opening and an internal passage channel extending between the first and second openings, the first opening being located near at least one selected passage hole in the lower surface of the manhole cover, the second opening being located inside the manhole vault, the internal passage channel being configured to provide fluid communication between the internal atmosphere and the at least one selected passage hole in the manhole cover; an induction coil configured to be placed inside the manhole vault and adjacent to the electrical cable; and an air movement device that can be connected to the induction coil inside the manhole vault,The air movement device is configured to operate in a manhole environment when the air movement device is located completely inside the manhole vault and is powered by AC energy drawn from the inductor coil. The operation of the air movement device inside the manhole vault creates a flow comprising a portion of a first atmosphere from the internal and external atmospheres. The flow passes through the internal passage channel of the vent pipe into a second atmosphere, different from the internal and external atmospheres. The flow causes a portion of at least one unwanted gas to leave the interior and enter the external atmosphere.

3. A system for use with a manhole vault, a manhole cover, and an external atmosphere outside the manhole vault, the manhole vault having an interior and a manhole opening providing access to the interior, the manhole cover configured to be located within the manhole opening, the manhole cover having upper and lower surfaces with one or more passage holes extending between them, each of the one or more passage holes being in fluid communication with the external atmosphere at the upper surface when the manhole cover is split within the manhole opening, the interior containing an internal atmosphere, at least one unwanted gas, and an electrical cable carrying alternating current (AC), the system being characterized in that it comprises: a vent pipe having a first opening,a second opening and an internal passage channel extending between the first and second openings, the first opening being located near at least one selected passage hole in the lower surface of the manhole cover, the second opening being located inside the manhole vault, the internal passage channel being configured to provide fluid communication between the internal atmosphere and the at least one selected passage hole in the manhole cover; an inducing charge device configured to be installed inside the manhole vault; and an air movement device comprising an antenna configured to receive power from the inducing charge device when the inducing charge device is installed inside the manhole vault.The air movement device is configured to be located entirely within the interior of the manhole vault and to be powered by energy received from the inducing charge device. The operation of the air movement device within the interior of the manhole vault creates a flow comprising a portion of a first atmosphere from the internal and external atmospheres. The flow passes through the internal passage channel of the vent pipe into a second atmosphere, different from the internal and external atmospheres. This flow causes a portion of at least one unwanted gas to leave the interior and enter the external atmosphere.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the inductive charging device is an inductive charging plate configured to be installed on a floor of the inspection chamber vault.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the antenna is configured to extend along the ventilation pipe towards the inductive loading plate when the inductive loading plate is installed in the floor of the inspection chamber vault.

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