RECEIVING DEVICE, TRANSMITTING DEVICE, RECEIVING METHOD, AND TRANSMISSION METHOD

Abstract

A suitable MAC control element (CE) operation start timing control process is performed in an NTN system. A terminal 100 comprises: a wireless receiving unit 106 that receives a MAC CE and a deviation value (KMAC_ACTION, etc.); and a control unit 110 that, based on the first deviation value, sets an interval to start an operation based on a MAC CE control instruction.

Description

RECEPTION DEVICE, TRANSMISSION DEVICE, METHOD ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ RECEPTION AND TRANSMISSION METHOD Field of Invention This description relates to a receiving apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving method, and a transmitting method. Background of the Invention In the 5G standardization, new radio access (NR) technology has been showcased in 3GPP and Publication 15 (Rei. 15) for NR has been published. For NR 5G, in Rei. 15, a timing interval at which an action in accordance with a control instruction transmitted on a MAC control element (MAC CE) has been initiated (this action will be referred to hereafter as a MAC CE action) (this timing interval will be referred to hereafter as the MAC CE action start timing) is specified in the standard. The MAC CE is information / a signal that is processed (transmitted) at the media access control layer. Furthermore, in NR, the extension to non-terrestrial networks (NTN) such as communications using a satellite and / or high-altitude pseudolith (high-altitude platform station (HAPS) Ref. 335601 - 2 English)) has been considered (for example, see Non-Patent Literature (hereafter referred to as NPL) 1). The communication distance between a base station and a terminal is greater in the NTN system than in a terrestrial cellular system, and therefore presents the problem of a larger propagation delay. List of Appointments Literature that is not patented NPL 1 3GPP, TR38.821 V16.0.0 Solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN) (Release 16). Summary of the Invention Technical problem The MAC CE start time in NTNs has not yet been specified in the standard. Note that, since NTNs suffer from a large propagation delay, it is not always optimal to configure the same MAC CE start time in NTNs as in NRs. One aspect of the present description facilitates providing a transmitting apparatus, a receiving apparatus, a transmitting method, and a receiving method capable of performing the appropriate MAC CE action start timing control processing in a zaoooi / zazyza / E / gila - 3 NTN system. Solution to the Problem A receiving apparatus according to one aspect of the present description includes: receiving circuitry which, in operation, receives a MAC control element (MAC CE) and a deviation value; and control circuitry which, in operation, configures, based on the deviation value, an interval in which an action based on a MAC CE control instruction is initiated. A transmission apparatus according to one aspect of the present description includes: control circuitry which, in operation, configures, based on a deviation value, an interval in which an action is initiated based on a control instruction from a MAC control element (MAC CE); and transmission circuitry which, in operation, transmits the deviation value and the MAC CE. A receiving method according to one aspect of the present description includes steps performed by a receiving apparatus of: receiving a MAC control element (MAC CE) and a deviation value; and setting up, based on the deviation value, an interval in which an action is initiated based on a control instruction from the MAC CE. A transmission method according to one aspect of the present description includes steps performed by a transmission apparatus of: configuring, based on a value zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 4 deviation, an interval in which an action is initiated based on a control instruction from a MAC control element (MAC CE); and transmit the deviation value and the MAC CE. Note that these specific generic aspects can be obtained by a system, an apparatus, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, or a recording medium, and also by a combination of the system, the apparatus, the method, the integrated circuit, the computer program, and the recording medium. Advantageous Effects of the Invention According to one aspect of the present description, it is possible to materialize an appropriate MAC CE action start timing control processing in an NTN system. The additional benefits and advantages of one aspect of the described modalities will become apparent from the specification and figures. These benefits and / or advantages can be obtained individually from the various modalities and features of the specification and figures; not all of these need to be provided for one or more of these benefits and / or advantages to be realized. Brief Description of the Figures Figure 1 illustrates an example of a timing adjustment based on location information of ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / E / γίΛΐ - 5 terminal and satellite orbital information; Figure 2 illustrates an example of a transmission interval timing; Figure 3 illustrates a study on a MAC CE action onset timing; Figure 4 illustrates a study on the timing of the onset of action of MAC CE; Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a part of a terminal according to mode 1; Figure 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a part of a base station according to mode 1; Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a terminal configuration according to mode 1; Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station configuration according to mode 1; Figure 9 illustrates a 1-1 configuration method for setting up a MAC CE action interval according to mode 1; Figure 10 illustrates configuration method 1-2 for setting the MAC CE action interval according to mode 1; zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 6 Figure 11 illustrates configuration method 2-1 for setting the MAC CE action interval according to mode 2; Figure 12 illustrates the 2-2 configuration method for setting the MAC CE action interval according to mode 2; Figure 13 schematically illustrates a functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC; Figure 14 is a sequence diagram of an RRC connection establishment / reconfiguration procedure; Figure 15 schematically illustrates usage scenarios for augmented mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC); and Figure 16 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary 5G system architecture for a non-roaming scenario. Detailed Description of the Invention The modalities described herein will now be described in detail, with reference to the attached figures. Findings that Led to the Present Description The findings that ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ will be described below - 7 led to the present description. MAC CE action start timing in NR In radio communication systems, such as a NR, a terminal (also called a user equipment (UE)) performs timing advance control to align with a downlink timing for a base station (also called a gNB). For example, the terminal adjusts the transmission timing of an uplink signal based on a TA value included in a TA instruction received from the base station. Note that the uplink channels include a shared uplink physical channel (PUSCH) used for data transmission, an uplink physical control channel (PUCCH) used for transmitting control information, and a random access physical channel (PRACH) used for initial access transmission.In addition, the uplink signals include a resonant reference signal (SRS). Note also that the downlink channels include a shared downlink physical channel (PDSCH) used for data transmission and a downlink physical control channel (PDCCH) used for information transmission. - 8 control. For NR 5G, in Rei. 15, a transmission interval timing is specified. Furthermore, for NR 5G, in Rei. 15, the control instructions transmitted in the MAC CE are specified. Examples of control instructions include enabling / disabling TCI (beam) states, enabling / disabling CSI-RS resources, enabling / disabling SRS, and similar instructions, as described in TS38.321V15.8.0. After confirming that the MAC CE has been received by the terminal, the base station initiates a MAC CE action; that is, it begins to implement the control instruction transmitted in the MAC CE. In a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process, the terminal transmits a reply signal (hereafter referred to as HARQ-ACK) to the base station in response to a PDSCH. The reply signal includes either a positive acknowledgment (ACK) or a negative acknowledgment (NACK). For NR 5G in Rei. 15, for example, TS38 213 V15.8.0 specifies, according to the MAC CE action start timing, i.e., as a timing to apply the content of the MAC CE control instruction ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 9 reported, a 3 ms timing interval after the timing interval in which the base station receives a HARQACK for the PDSCH that includes the MAC CE. Since the length of the secondary frame is 1 ms, the MAC CE action start timing interval is 3 Nsecondary frame intervals after the HARQ-ACK interval. Note that Nsecondary frame interval indicates the number of intervals per secondary frame and varies based on subcarrier spacing and the like. Consequently, the base station can initiate the MAC CE action after receiving the HARQ-ACK (positive acknowledgment), i.e., after confirming that the MAC CE is correctly received by the terminal. Extension to NTN In NR, the extension to NTN such as communications using a satellite and / or a HAPS is considered (e.g., see Non-Patent Literature (hereafter referred to as NPL) 1). In an NTN environment, a satellite coverage area (e.g., one or more cells) for a ground terminal or an aircraft terminal is formed by satellite beams. Furthermore, the round-trip radio wave propagation time between the terminal and the satellite is determined by the satellite's altitude (e.g., up to 36,000 km) and / or the angle observed from the terminal—that is, the positional relationship between the satellite and the terminal. Additionally, - 10 When the base station is placed in the ground gateway (GW), the radio wave propagation round trip time between the base station and the terminal is obtained by adding the radio wave propagation round trip time between the satellite and the ground gateway to the round trip time between the base station and the terminal. For example, the satellite forms a cell with a diameter of several hundred kilometers. The cell formed by the satellite is larger than a cell with a diameter of several kilometers formed by a ground-based ground-based ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level ground-level grounding station or similar. Consequently, the difference in propagation delay between the terminal and the satellite is greater, depending on the terminal's position within the cell formed by the satellite. For example, NPL 1 describes that in an NTN, the round-trip time (RTT) of radio wave propagation between a base station and a terminal is approximately 540 ms. Furthermore, NPL 1 describes that the maximum delay difference of approximately 10 ms is caused by the terminal's position within the beams (within a cell). The maximum delay difference indicates, for example, a difference between the round-trip time of a terminal at its furthest position from the... - 11 satellite and the satellite and, on the other hand, the round trip time between a terminal at the nearest position from the satellite and the satellite within the beams (within the cell). For example, in NTNs, the terminal is considered to calculate the propagation delay based on the distance between the terminal and the satellite calculated using the terminal's location information obtained by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), such as the global positioning system (GPS), and the satellite's location information obtained from the satellite's orbital information (satellite ephemeris), and where the terminal autonomously performs timing adjustment. Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary timing adjustment based on terminal location information (UE location information) and satellite orbital information (satellite ephemeris). Figure 1 illustrates the downlink (DL) transmit intervals and uplink (UL) receive intervals of the base station (gNB), and the DL receive intervals and UL transmit intervals for the terminal (UE). Note that the horizontal axis of the ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - Figure 12 represents the time axis. Figure 1 illustrates that the propagation delay between the transmission timing of a signal at the base station and the reception timing of the signal at the terminal is represented by a propagation delay in a feeder link (feeder link delay) and a propagation delay in a service link (service link delay). Figure 1 also illustrates that the terminal adjusts the signal transmission timing using the time delay (TA) determined based on the terminal's location information and the satellite's orbital information. In Figure 1, the TA corresponds to twice the propagation delay in the service link, for example. However, when adjusting the terminal's timing based on the distance between the satellite and the terminal, the delay between the terminal and the satellite (i.e., the service link) is corrected, but the delay between the base station located at the ground gateway and the satellite (i.e., the feeder link) is not. Furthermore, if the satellite and the terminal are in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment, the propagation delay calculated using location information may differ from the actual propagation delay, including applications and / or diffractions. - 13 that occur in the NLOS environment. Therefore, there is a possibility of a downlink-uplink timing difference, as illustrated in Figure 1. Studies on the Timing of MAC CE Action Onset in NTN Figure 2 illustrates an example of transmission interval timings. Figure 2 illustrates an example of a transmission interval timing for a terrestrial cellular specified in Rei. 15 (left diagram in Figure 2) and an example of a transmission interval timing considered for NTNs (right diagram in Figure 2). Figure 2 illustrates DL transmit intervals and UL receive intervals for the base station (gNB) and DL receive intervals and UL transmit intervals for the terminal (UE). Note that the horizontal axis in Figure 2 represents the time axis. In Rei. 15, a HARQ-ACK for a PDSCH transmitted at interval (n) is transmitted by the terminal at interval (n + Ki) and is received by the base station. Note that Ki is an interval correction value for the HARQ-ACK. The interval number is configured based on the interval timing for the base station. - 14 In contrast, for NTNs, a deviation value (Kdeviation) is added to correct for a large propagation delay, and the HARQ-ACK for the PDSCH is transmitted in interval (n) by the terminal, so that the HARQ-ACK is received in interval (n + Ki + Kdeviation) by the base station. Note that Kdeviation is reported for each cell. Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams used to explain the study on the MAC CE action start timing. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the DL transmit intervals and UL receive intervals for the base station (gNB), and the DL receive intervals and UL transmit intervals for the terminal (UE). The horizontal axis in Figures 3 and 4 represents the time axis. In Figures 3 and 4, X indicates the secondary frame interval. Considering Kdeviation, an interval (hereafter referred to as a MAC CE action interval) to initiate MAC CE action with respect to the interval (n) transmitting the PDSCH including the MAC CE (hereafter referred to as the PDSCH interval) is the interval (n + K1 + Kdeviation + 3NintervalframeCOsecondary) (an interval marked with a star in Figure 3). Since η' = n + Ki + Kdeviation, the MAC CE action interval with respect to the interval (hereafter referred to as ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / E / γίΛΐ - 15 HARQ-ACK interval) (n') in which HARQ-ACK is transmitted by the terminal and received by the base station is an interval (n' + 3Ninterval secondary frame) . In the event of a downlink-uplink timing difference and the MAC CE action interval is set to the interval (n + Ki + Kdeviation + 3Nintervalsecondaryframe) (interval (A) with a star mark in Figure 4) on both the downlink and uplink, the MAC CE action is initiated for the downlink before HARQ-ACK is received. Furthermore, in the event that the downlink MAC CE action interval is an interval immediately following the HARQ-ACK interval (interval (B) with a star mark in Figure 4)), the terminal is unaware of the downlink-uplink timing difference and is therefore unable to recognize an accurate MAC CE action start timing. The present inventors have focused on this problem and have arrived at the present description. One aspect of the present description is described in relation to a technique for implementing a suitable MAC CE action start timing control processing in an NTN system. zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 16 Modality 1 General information about the communication system A communication system according to one modality of the present description includes a terminal 100 and a base station 200. In the following description, base station 200 (which corresponds to the transmitting apparatus) transmits a PDSCH containing a MAC CE, and terminal 100 (which corresponds to the receiving apparatus) receives the PDSCH. Terminal 100 transmits a HARQ-ACK for the PDSCH, and base station 200 receives the HARQ-ACK. Terminal 100 initiates an uplink MAC CE action after transmitting the HARQ-ACK (positive acknowledgment). Base station 200 initiates a downlink MAC CE action after receiving the HARQ-ACK (positive acknowledgment). Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a portion of terminal 100 according to one modality of the present description. In the terminal 100 illustrated in Figure 5, a radio receiver 106 receives the MAC CE and a deviation value (Kmac_action or similar) from base station 200. Controller 110 configures, based on the deviation value, an interval within which an action is initiated based on a MAC CE control instruction. ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ Figure 6 is a block diagram that illustrates - 17 A configuration of a portion of base station 200 according to a modality of the present description. In the base station 200 illustrated in Figure 6, the controller 209 configures, based on the deviation value (Kmac_action or similar), an interval in which an action based on a MAC CE control instruction is initiated. The radio transmitter 208 transmits the MAC CE and the deviation value to terminal 100. Terminal Configuration Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of terminal 100 according to the present modality 1. Terminal 100 includes a HARQ-ACK generator 101, a data generator 102, a data transmission processor 103, a radio transmitter 104, an antenna 105, a radio receiver 106, a data reception processor 107, a location information acquisition system 108, and a timing controller 109. The HARQ-ACK generator 101, the data generator 102, the data transmission processor 103, the data reception processor 107, the location information acquisition system 108, and the timing controller 109 may be included in the controller 110. The HARQ-ACK 101 generator generates a response signal (e.g., an ACK / NACK signal sequence) for a received PDSCH based on a detection result of zRoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 18 Error introduced from data receiving processor 107. The HARQ-ACK generator 101 transmits the answer signal to the data transmission processor 103. Data generator 102 generates an uplink data signal for transmission using time / frequency resources allocated by base station 200, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS). There is one instance where the time / frequency resources and MCS are communicated via downlink control information (DCI or PDCCH) and another instance where they are communicated via RRC (configured allocation) signaling. Data generator 102 transmits the uplink data signal to a data transmission processor 103. The data transmission processor 103 performs encoding and modulation processing on each of the response signal transmitted by the HARQ-ACK generator 101 and the uplink data signal transmitted by the data generator 102, and transmits the modulated baseband uplink signal to the radio transmitter 104. The 104 radio transmitter performs transmission processing such as digital-to-analog (D / A) conversion and boost conversion on the zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi signal - The radio transmitter 104 sets a transmission timing for the uplink signal of a radio frequency obtained by the transmission processing to the base station 200 by means of the timing controller 109. The radio receiver 106 performs receive processing such as downconversion and analog-to-digital (A / D) conversion on a downlink signal of a radio frequency as received from the base station 200 by means of the antenna 105, and transmits the baseband downlink signal obtained by the receive processing to the data receiver processor 107.In addition, radio receiver 106 adjusts the downlink signal reception timing according to an indication from timing controller 109. The data receiver processor 107 performs demodulation and decoding on the downlink signal transmitted by the radio receiver 106 to obtain downlink data and downlink control information. The data receiver processor 107 can perform channel calculation and zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 20 Timing calculation based on a received reference signal. In addition, the data receive processor 107 transmits timing information (e.g., common TA, specific TA, and deviation value) to the timing controller 109. This information is contained within the demodulated and decoded downlink control information, or MAC CE control information. The downlink signal's PDCCH includes PDDCH assignment information, PUSCH assignment information, and the like. The downlink signal's PDSCH may include RRC control information, MAC CE control information, a RACH response (msg2), TA instruction, and the like, in addition to user data. The location information acquisition system 108 obtains location information (information such as latitude, longitude, and altitude) about the location of terminal 100 and location information about the location of the satellite, which is a communication partner, by a GNSS function such as GPS. It calculates the distance between terminal 100 and the satellite and transmits distance information indicating the calculated distance to the timing controller 109. Note that the location information acquisition system 108 can obtain location information about the satellite by obtaining orbital information called satellite ephemeris and time information by forward timing. - 21 Timing controller 109 calculates a propagation delay time based on the distance information transmitted by the location information acquisition system 108 and based on a radio wave propagation speed (approximately 3 x 10⁸ m / s). Then, based on the propagation delay time, a cell-common timing setting value broadcast by the base station, the TA value for terminal 100 reported by the base station, and similar factors, timing controller 109 indicates the transmission timing of the uplink signal to radio transmitter 104 and the reception timing of the downlink signal to radio receiver 106. The timing setting value may differ depending on the channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, and SRS). Timing controller 109 controls each section to initiate the MAC CE action at a predetermined time based on the deviation value when MAC CE control information is input from data receiver processor 107. The configuration method for setting the MAC CE action start time will be described in detail later. Base Station Configuration Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the 200 base station configuration of ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / E / γίΛΐ - 22 in accordance with the present modality. The base station 200 includes an antenna 201, a radio receiver 202, a data receiving processor 203, a timing control information generator 204, a MAC CE controller 205, a data generator 206, a data transmission processor 207 and a radio transmitter 208. The data receiving processor 203, the timing control information generator 204, the MAC CE controller 205, the data generator 206 and the data transmission processor 207 may be included in the controller 209. Radio receiver 202 performs receive processing such as downconversion, A / D conversion and / or the like on a downlink signal of a radio frequency as received from terminal 100 by means of antenna 201, and transmits a baseband uplink signal obtained by the receive processing to the data receive processor 203. The data receiver processor 203 performs demodulation and decoding on an uplink signal transmitted by radio receiver 202 to obtain downlink data and downlink control information. Additionally, the data receiver processor 203 performs channel and timing calculations based on the data signal ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 23 received, and transmits timing information indicating the estimated timing to the timing control information generator 204. The data receive processor 203 also transmits the received HARQ-ACK to the MAC CE controller 205. The timing control information generator 204 generates a TA instruction for terminal 100 based on the timing calculated by the data receive processor 203. Additionally, the timing control information generator 204 generates a timing adjustment value and a cell-common deviation value (Kdeviation, Kmac_action, or similar). The timing adjustment value and the cell-common deviation value are generated based, for example, on the cell sizes formed by satellite beams and on the length and amount of delay of the feeder link. The timing control information generator 204 transmits the timing control information to the data transmit processor 207. The MAC CE controller 205 generates a MAC CE and transmits it to the data transmission processor 207. The MAC CE controller 205 controls each section to initiate the MAC CE action at a predetermined time based on the deviated value, for example, when a HARQ-ACK (positive acknowledgment) for a PDSCH that includes the MAC CE zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 24 is introduced from the data receive processor 203. The configuration method for setting the MAC CE action start timing will be described in detail later. Data generator 206 generates a downlink data signal that includes user data, system information, specific control information, and the like. Data generator 206 transmits the generated downlink data signal to a data transmission processor 207. The data transmission processor 207 performs encoding processing and modulation processing on each of the timing control information transmitted by the timing control information generator 204, the MAC CE transmitted by the controller 205 and the downlink data signal transmitted by the data generator 206, characterizes the modulated baseband downlink signal to the radio resource and transmits the signal to the radio transmitter 208. Radio transmitter 208 performs transmission processing such as D / A conversion and boost conversion on the baseband downlink signal transmitted by data transmission processor 207 and transmits the downlink signal at the radio frequency obtained by transmission processing to zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 25 terminal 100 by means of antenna 201. MAC CE Action Start Timing Configuration Method A detailed description of a configuration method for setting the MAC CE action start timing in accordance with this modality will be provided below. Configuration Method 1-1 Figure 9 illustrates the 1-1 configuration method for setting the MAC CE action interval. Figure 9 illustrates the DL transmit intervals and UL receive intervals for the base station (gNE>) and the DL receive intervals and UL transmit intervals for the terminal (UE). Note that the horizontal axis in Figure 9 represents the time axis. In the present method, a downlink MAC CE action interval is set to reference an uplink MAC CE action interval based on a deviation value (Kmac_actioni) reported by base station 200 to terminal 100. Base station 200 reports the deviation value (Kmac_actioni) taking into account the downlink-uplink timing difference, for example, at a time point to transmit the MAC CE. Note that Kmac_actioni has a granularity in units of zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 26 interval, and the downlink-uplink timing difference is rounded up in interval length units. Base station 200 can transmit Kmac_actioni on a subject MAC CE, or it can transmit it on another MAC CE, RRC signaling, DCI, or similar. Terminal 100 and base station 200 configure the uplink MAC CE action interval (interval (A) with a star mark in Figure 9) with reference to the HARQ-ACK interval. The uplink MAC CE action interval for the HARQ-ACK interval (n') in the interval (n' + 3NintervalSeconda-io frame). (In the case of X = 3). Furthermore, terminal 100 and base station 200 configure, as the downlink MAC CE action interval (interval (B) with a star mark in Figure 9), an interval that is offset by the offset value (Kmac_actioni) from the uplink MAC CE action interval. Therefore, the downlink MAC CE action interval for the HARQ-ACK interval (n') is the interval (n' + 3Nintervaioparaco subco + Kmac_actioni). The relationship between the PDSCH interval (n) and the HARQ-ACK interval (n') is η' = n + Ki + Kdeviation. Therefore, the uplink MAC CE action interval for the PDSCH interval (n) is the interval (n' + 3Nsecondaryframeinterval° + Ki + Kdeviation). Furthermore, the downlink MAC CE action interval for the ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / E / γίΛΐ - 27 PDSCH interval (n) is the interval (ll + 3Nintervalomarco secundari° + Κι q Kdesviación + Kmac_actioni ) . In other words, the reported deviation, Kmac_actioni, is used only for specifying the timing of the downlink MAC CE action interval and not for specifying the timing of the uplink MAC CE action interval. According to this method, terminal 100 can accurately set the timing (interval) for the downlink MAC CE action even when there is a difference in the downlink-uplink timing. This prevents discrepancies in transmit / receive parameters and similar data between base station 200 and terminal 100. Furthermore, the appropriate configuration of Kmac_actioni allows base station 200 sufficient time before initiating the MAC CE action after receiving the HARQ-ACK (positive acknowledgment). This enables terminal 100 to initiate the MAC CE action only after confirming that it has successfully received the MAC CE.Furthermore, the 200 base station can configure the same timing or separate timings between the downlink MAC CE action start time and the uplink MAC CE action start time. This way, it is ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ. - 28 possible to simplify the control at base station 200. In this method, Kmac_actioni does not necessarily have to be set to a value corresponding to the downlink-uplink timing difference. For example, Kmac_actioni can be set to a value that takes into account the processing time at base station 200. Configuration Method 1-2 Figure 10 illustrates the 1-2 configuration method for setting the MAC CE action interval. Figure 10 illustrates the DL transmit intervals and UL receive intervals for the base station (gNB), and the DL receive intervals and UL transmit intervals for the terminal (UE). Note that the horizontal axis in Figure 10 represents the time axis. In the present method, the downlink MAC CE action interval is set with reference to the PDSCH interval based on the deviation value (Kmac_action2) reported by base station 200 to terminal 100. Base station 200 reports, as Kmac_action2, a deviation value that corresponds to the downlink-uplink timing difference at the MAC CE transmission time point plus the correction value (Ki). Terminal 100 and base station 200 ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 29 configure the uplink MAC CE action interval (interval (A) with a star mark in Figure 10) with reference to the PDSCH interval. The uplink MAC CE action interval for the HARQ-ACK interval (n') in response to the PDSCH that includes the MAC CE in the interval (n' + 3Nsecondaryframeinterval), and the uplink MAC CE action interval for the PDSCH interval (n) is the interval (n + 3Nsecondaryframeinterval + ^deviation + Ki) (In the case of X = 3). Terminal 100 and base station 200 configure the downlink MAC CE action interval (the interval (B) marked with a star in Figure 10) with reference to the PDSCH interval. The downlink MAC CE action interval for the PDSCH interval (n) is the interval (n + 3Nsecondaryframeinterval+Kdeviation + Kmac_action2). Therefore, terminal 100 can configure the downlink MAC CE action interval without considering the HARQ-ACK timing correction value (Ki). According to this method, terminal 100 can precisely control the start timing (interval) for the downlink MAC CE action. This prevents discrepancies in transmit / receive parameters and similar settings between base station 200 and terminal 100. ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 30 Furthermore, the appropriate configuration of Kmac_action2 allows base station 200 sufficient time before initiating the MAC CE action after receiving the HARQ-ACK (positive acknowledgment). This enables terminal 100 to initiate the MAC CE action after confirming successful MAC CE reception. Additionally, base station 200 can configure the same or closely spaced timings for the downlink MAC CE action initiation and the uplink MAC CE action initiation. This simplifies control at base station 200. Furthermore, the MAC CE action interval is specified with reference to the PDSCH interval on each of the uplink and downlink. This allows terminal 100 to identify each MAC CE action interval independently, thus simplifying processing. In this method, Kmac_action2 does not necessarily need to be set to a value corresponding to the downlink-uplink timing difference and the added correction (Ki) value. For example, Kmac_action2 can be set to a value that takes into account the processing time at base station 200. ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 31 Effects In the current Mode 1 described above, it is possible to avoid discrepancies in transmission-reception parameters and similar factors between base station 200 and terminal 100. Furthermore, base station 200 can initiate the MAC CE action after confirming that terminal 100 correctly receives the MAC CE signal. Thus, according to Mode 1, it is possible to implement the appropriate MAC CE action initiation timing control processing in the NTN system. Mode 2 In this second mode, we will describe a case in which the base station initiates the downlink MAC CE action without waiting for the reception of a HARQ-ACK interval. Note that the terminal and base station configurations in this mode are the same as those of terminal 100 and base station 200 described in mode 1, and therefore their description is omitted. MAC CE Action Start Timing Configuration Method A detailed description of a configuration method for setting the MAC CE action start timing in accordance with this modality will be provided below. zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 32 Configuration Method 2-1 Figure 11 illustrates the 2-1 configuration method for setting the MAC CE action interval. Figure 11 illustrates the DL transmit intervals and UL receive intervals for the base station (gNB) and the DL receive intervals and UL transmit intervals for the terminal (UE). Note that the horizontal axis in Figure 11 represents the time axis. In the present method, the MAC action interval The downlink CE is configured with reference to a PDSCH interval over a deviation value (Kmac_action_dl), and the uplink CE MAC action interval is configured with reference to a HARQ-ACK interval based on a deviation value (Kmac_action_ul). Base station 200 reports the uplink deviation value (Kmac_action_ul) and the downlink deviation value (Kmac_action_dl). Note that the Kmac_action_ul and / or Kmac_action_dl values ​​to be used can be fixed values ​​defined in the specifications, or values ​​reported by the base station using a SIB or via terminal-specific signaling. Base station 200 can transmit Kmac_action_dl in the subject MAC CE, using SIB and / or RRC signaling, or in the DCI. Note that, although the same applies to Kmac_action_ul, it is desirable to report Kmac_action_ul. - 33 using SIB or RRC signaling because the values ​​are dependent on the performance of the terminal or base station on the uplink and therefore do not need to be changed frequently. Terminal 100 and base station 200 configure the uplink MAC CE action interval (interval (A) marked with a star in Figure 11) with reference to the HARQ-ACK interval. The uplink MAC CE action interval for the HARQ-ACK interval (n') in the interval (n1+ Kmac_action_ul) · Terminal 100 and base station 200 configure the downlink MAC CE action interval (interval (B) marked with a star in Figure 11) with reference to the PDSCH interval. The downlink MAC CE action interval for the PDSCH interval (n) is the interval (n + Kmac_action_dl) · According to this method, terminal 100 can precisely control the start timing (interval) for the downlink MAC CE action. This prevents discrepancies in transmit / receive parameters and similar issues between base station 200 and terminal 100. Furthermore, the downlink MAC CE action can be initiated without waiting for the HARQ-ACK interval. This shortens the time before the zRoonn / zznz / E / YiAi action begins. - 34 MAC CE. Furthermore, Terminal 100 can configure the same or similar timings for the downlink and uplink MAC CE action start times. This simplifies timing adjustments on the terminal. In this method, since the range of the deviation value to be reported consists of at most several intervals, it is possible to report the deviation value using multiple bits. Therefore, in this method, the number of bits required for reporting can be reduced compared to the 1-1 and 1-2 configuration methods in mode 1 described above. In the current method, it is possible for base station 200 to initiate the MAC CE action without confirming that terminal 100 is receiving the MAC CE correctly. However, as will be described later, this does not result in a significant problem depending on the NTN's operating mode. Generally, propagation delay is extremely large in NTN. Consequently, if transmission is based on HARQ retransmission, the delay until packet transmission is complete becomes extremely large. Therefore, the - The initial transmission can be performed with a robust MCS (i.e., an MCS with a low modulation order and / or a low coding rate) so that it is received with a high probability (e.g., 99.99%). Consequently, even when base station 200 initiates the downlink MAC CE action without waiting for the HARQ-ACK, terminal 100 is unlikely to mistakenly receive the MAC CE. Thus, a discrepancy between base station 200 and terminal 100 is extremely unlikely. Even if a discrepancy does occur (i.e., an ACK is not received), base station 200 can recognize the discrepancy when the ACK is not received. Therefore, it is possible to resolve the discrepancy by retransmitting signals transmitted after the MAC CE transmission and before the HARQ-ACK reception. Furthermore, by setting Kmac_action_dl to a large value, it is also possible to initiate the downlink MAC CE action at a later time than the HARQ-ACK reception timing at base station 200. For example, when the PDSCH transmitting the MAC CE is transmitting with a robust MCS (e.g., transmitted along with data with strict delay requirements), the PDSCH is unlikely to be faulty. Therefore, Kmac_action_dl is set to a small value, and the MAC CE action is initiated without waiting for the reception of zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi. - 36 HARQ-ACK. Furthermore, when the PDSCH for transmitting the MAC CE is transmitted with a normal MCS (for example, transmitted along with data that allows for a delay), the PDSCH is likely faulty. In this case, Kmac_action_dl is set to a large value, and the MAC CE action is initiated after the HARQ-ACK is received. This allows for flexible operation by adjusting Kmac_action_dl according to the situation. Additionally, the base station can also set Kmac_action_dl to a large value when it waits for the HARQ-ACK before initiating the MAC CE action, or to a small value otherwise. Furthermore, for example, when a MAC CE is transmitted in a HARQ process configured so that HARQ-ACK feedback is not performed, Kmac_action_dl can be set to a small value, and the MAC CE action can be initiated before the HARQ-ACK reception timeout. When a MAC CE is transmitted in a HARQ process configured so that HARQ-ACK feedback is performed, the MAC CE action can be initiated after the HARQ-ACK feedback. In this case, for these two types of HARQ processing, both Kmac_action_dl values ​​can be notified to the terminal in advance. Additionally, multiple values ​​can be notified to the terminal in advance, and the base station can designate zaooni / zzi / E / gila - 37 (notify) a value to be used in the terminal each time the MAC CE is transmitted. In addition, for Kmac_action_ul, two values ​​can be notified to the terminal in advance in the same way as for Kmac_action_dl. Configuration Method 2-2 Figure 12 illustrates the 2-1 configuration method for setting the MAC CE action interval. Figure 12 illustrates the DL transmit intervals and UL receive intervals for the base station (gNB), and the DL receive intervals and UL transmit intervals for the terminal (UE). Note that the horizontal axis in Figure 12 represents the time axis. In the present method, the uplink and downlink MAC CE action intervals are configured with reference to a terminal HARQ-ACK transmission interval based on a deviation value (Kmac_ACTIOn) · Base station 200 reports the deviation value (Kmac_action). Base station 200 can transmit Kmac_action on the subject MAC CE or on another MAC CE. Alternatively, Kmac_action can be a fixed value determined according to specifications, or it can be a value broadcast using the SIB from base station 200 to terminal 100, or a value reported by terminal-specific signaling or DCI. ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 38 Terminal 100 and base station 200 configure, as the uplink and downlink MAC CE action intervals (intervals (A) and (B) with a star mark in Figure 12), intervals delayed by Kmac_action from the HARQ-ACK interval. Both of the uplink and downlink MAC CE action intervals for the terminal's HARQ-ACK transmission interval (n') are intervals (n' + Kmac_action). The downlink MAC CE action interval can be specified as the same interval as the uplink MAC CE action interval (n' + Kmac_action) or the first interval after the uplink MAC CE action interval. Base station 200 calculates the downlink MAC CE action start timing taking into account a managed uplink-downlink timing difference, and so on. For example, base station 200 calculates the MAC CE action start timing as n + Tdl-ul + Ki + Kmac_action. Note that TDl-ul denotes the uplink-downlink timing difference rounded to interval units. The symbol n denotes the MAC CE transmission interval. According to the present method, terminal 100 can accurately hold the start timing - 39 (interval) for the downlink MAC CE action. Therefore, it is possible to avoid discrepancies in transmit / receive parameters and the like between base station 200 and terminal 100. Furthermore, it is possible to initiate the downlink MAC CE action without waiting for the HARQ-ACK interval to be received. This shortens the time before the MAC CE action is initiated. Additionally, since only one parameter is used, excessive information in the notification can be reduced. Similar to the configuration method 2-1 above, the downlink MAC CE action can be initiated at a later time than the HARQ-ACK reception time at base station 200.Furthermore, the time before the MAC CE action begins can be shortened by starting the downlink MAC CE action earlier than the HARQ-ACK receive time. Additionally, Terminal 100 can be configured to use the same or similar timings for the downlink and uplink MAC CE action start times. This simplifies timing adjustments on Terminal 100. Effects In the current modality 2 described above, it is possible to avoid the presentation of a discrepancy in the zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 40 transmit / receive parameters and similar data between base station 200 and terminal 100. Furthermore, base station 200 can initiate the downlink MAC CE action without waiting for the HARQ-ACK interval. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the time before the MAC CE action is initiated. In this way, according to modality 2, it is possible to implement the appropriate MAC CE action start timing control processing in the NTN system. The modalities of the present description have been described above. Note that, in the modalities described above, the cell can be an area defined by a receive power of a PBCH (SSB) synchronization / block signal or a channel-reference status information (CSI-RS) signal transmitted by the base station (satellite) or it can be an area defined by the geographical position. Note that the modes described above have been described using the NTN environment (e.g., a satellite communication environment) as an example, but this description is not limited to it. This description can be applied to other communication environments (e.g., a terrestrial cellular environment using LTE and / or NR). ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 41 Note that, although the above methods have been described in relation to the example in which GNSS such as GPS (i.e., position detection using a satellite signal) is used, position detection by a terrestrial cellular base station, position detection using a WiFi and / or Bluetooth signal (registered trademark), detection using an accelerometer or similar device, or a combination thereof, can be carried out. In addition, altitude information can be obtained from a barometric pressure sensor or similar device. Note that the cell can be an area defined by the SSB and / or CSI-RS receive power transmitted by the base station (satellite) or it can be an area defined by geographic position. Furthermore, the cell in the above modes can be replaced by a beam defined by the SSB. Satellite ephemeris information, which is information regarding the positions of satellites, can be reported using system information or similar means, or it can be stored in advance by a terminal (or a base station). Furthermore, the terminal (or base station) can update the satellite ephemeris information when communication is enabled. Additionally, the terminal (or base station) can also use another zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 42 information to identify the satellite's position. Note that the above methods have been described in relation to the case where location information can be used, but for a terminal that does not have a GNSS function and / or a terminal that cannot obtain satellite location information, timing control can be performed according to the common timing control information for the cell being broadcast by a base station instead of timing control based on location information. In this case, the base station can transmit timing control information corresponding to a propagation delay amount in the vicinity of the cell center. The base station can be referred to as a gNodeB or gNB. Additionally, the terminal can be referred to as a UE. The interval can be replaced by time interval, miniinterval, secondary frame or similar. The response signal can be described not only as HARQ-ACK but also as ACK / NACK. In the modalities described above, the MAC CE action interval is 3 ms, that is, the 3 ms interval following the HARQ-ACK interval. However, the MAC CE can be applied after a longer or shorter time, and this time can be zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 43 generalized as after the intervals γκτ. η secondary frame” LIN interval In the above modalities, the MAC CE action start timing has been described as a timing in which an action in accordance with the control instruction transmitted in the MAC CE is initiated, but it can be a timing in which a state is applied in accordance with the control instruction transmitted in the MAC CE. The uplink MAC CE in the modes described above is a transmission- or status-relevant instruction on the uplink and is, for example, any of a MAC CE timing advance instruction, MAC CE SCell enable / disable, MAC CE PUCCH spatial relation enable / disable, SP CSI report on MAC CE PUCCH enable / disable, MAC CE SP SRS enable / disable, MAC CE SP SRS enable / disable, MAC CE SRS path loss reference RS update, MAC CE PUSCH path loss reference RS update, and MAC CE SRS spatial relation indication service cell sets. It may also include an uplink MAC CE SCell enable / disable zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi relevant to an uplink SCell. - 44 The downlink MAC CE in the modes described above is a transmission and status relevant instruction on the downlink and is, for example, any of an SCell enable / disable MAC CE, SP ZP CSI-RS resource set enable / disable MAC CE, TCI state enable / disable for UE-specific PDSCH MAC CE, aperiodic CSI trigger state sub-select MAC CE, SP CSI-RS / CSI-IM resource set enable / disable MAC CE, and DRX instruction MAC CE. Furthermore, depending on the instructions, the MAC CE action timing can be changed, for example, by changing the value of X or the value of Kmac_action. It is possible to perform an action at an appropriate timing according to the contents and priority of the instruction. In mode 1, if the uplink MAC CE action start timing is referenced to the HARQ-ACK timing for a PDSCH that includes the MAC CE (i.e., the MAC CE action start timing is an interval (n' + 3Nsecondary frame interval) with respect to the HARQ-ACK interval n'), the uplink MAC CE action start timing is the same timing as in NR Rei. 15. For this reason, Kmac_action can be reported as a deviation to control the uplink MAC CE action start timing zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 45 downlink. In addition, on the same PDSCH as the downlink MAC CE, Kmac_action can be notified as the same MAC CE or as a different MAC CE. In the modes described above, although the deviation value Kmac_action indicating a MAC CE application timing (which includes Kmac_actioni, Kmac_action2, and similar values) is reported, only a difference from a separately reported value, for example, a deviation value broadcast within a cell to correct a round-trip delay, can be reported. The deviation value to correct the round-trip delay can be a deviation value used for timing advance or it can be Kdesviacícn, as described above. The Kmac_action deviation value indicating the MAC CE application timing can be disseminated using the SIB or similar as a common value for the cell and / or beam, or it can be reported by specific RRC signaling. This deviation value can also be reported as a MAC CE or to the DCI (or PDCCH). In the case of a geostationary satellite (GEO), the downlink-uplink timing difference is a constant value (or a value that hardly changes), whereas in the case of LEO (non-geostationary satellite), the difference of zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 4.6 The downlink-uplink timing changes with the satellite's movement. For this reason, the deviation value is used using SIB or RRC signaling in the case of GEO, while the Kmac_action calculated by the base station is reported in the MAC CE at the time of the MAC CE transmission in the case of LEO. Thus, SIB, RRC, and MAC CE signaling can be used in combination. The value reported using the MAC CE may differ from the value reported using SIB or RRC signaling. In this case, the number of notification bits in the MAC CE can be reduced. In the modes described above, the MAC CE action start timing can be switched between terminals or operating scenarios, or the MAC CE action start timing to be used can be designated using the SIB. Furthermore, the MAC CE action timing can differ between a HARQ process in which HARQ-ACK feedback is enabled (HARQ-enabled HARQ feedback process) and a HARQ process in which HARQ-ACK feedback is disabled (HARQ-disabling HARQ feedback process). For example, when the MAC CE is transmitted with a HARQ process in which HARQ-ACK feedback has not been performed, the MAC CE application timing setting of zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 47 Method 3 or 4 (Mode 2) can be used to apply the MAC CE before the HARQ-ACK timing, and when the MAC CE is transmitted with the HARQ process in which the HARQ-ACK feedback is performed, the MAC CE can be applied after the HARQ-ACK feedback using the MAC CE application timing configuration method 1 or 2 (Mode 1). The HARQ-ACK can include an ACK, NACK, and a Loss of Transmission (DTX). When an ACK is transmitted, the terminal applies the MAC CE at a predetermined time. However, when a NACK is applied to a PDSCH that includes the MAC CE, or in the case of DTX (i.e., when the PDSCH that includes the MAC CE cannot be correctly decoded or the PDSCH assignment is not reported—no PDCCH is received), the terminal does not apply the MAC CE. Furthermore, when the base station receives the NACK, or receives neither an ACK nor a NACK, the MAC CE is not applied. In the modes described above, for example, the terminal applies the MAC CE three (or X) intervals after the HARQ-ACK transmission timing with respect to the PDSCH in which the MAC CE is included. On the other hand, when the HARQ feedback process is used by disabling HARQ, no HARQ-ACK transmission occurs. In this case, the MAC CE can be applied in 3 timing intervals after a timing assumed to be - 48 HARQ-ACK transmission (e.g., a hypothetical HARQ-ACK timing) which is not actually transmitted. Furthermore, the HARQ-ACK transmission timing is determined using the Ki value (deviation value from the PDSCH interval) reported to the DCI at the time of PDSCH scheduling. Although HARQ-ACK is not actually transmitted, the hypothetical HARQ-ACK timing can be determined using the reported Ki value. Additionally, when HARQ feedback is disabled, the Ki value is essentially not required. Therefore, the Ki value may not be reported to the DCI, may be used for another purpose, or may be treated as a disabled field. In this case, the minimum or maximum value from among the values ​​configured as candidates for the Ki value can be used.Furthermore, you can configure which value to use as the Ki value when HARQ feedback is disabled, or you can specify a default value. This way, since the MAC CE action timing is uniquely specified, recognition can be consistent between the base station and the terminal. In the previous modes, if there is no difference in downlink-uplink timing, Kmac_action can be set to zero and the terminal can be notified. Additionally, ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 49 or alternatively, Kmac_action can be notified to the terminal only when a downlink-uplink timing difference occurs. In this case, when there is no downlink-uplink timing difference, Kmac_action is not notified to the terminal. Additionally, the terminal can be notified of cell- or beam-common timing deviation information so that the terminal can perform timing control (e.g., timing advance) to prevent a downlink-uplink timing difference. Kmac_action can be notified even when no cell- or beam-common timing deviation is reported. The expression section used in the modalities described above can be replaced with another expression such as circuit, device, unit or module. 5G NR System Architecture and Protocol Stacking 3GPP has been working on the next release for fifth-generation cellular technology, commonly known as 5G, which includes the development of a new radio access (NR) technology operating at frequencies up to 100 GHz. The first version of the 5G standard was completed in late 2017, allowing for progress toward compliance trials. - 50 NR 5G and commercial deployments of terminals (e.g., smartphones). For example, the overall system architecture assumes a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) that includes gNBs. The gNB provides the NG-radio access user plane (SDAP / PDCP / RLC / MAC / PHY) and control plane protocol (RRC) terminations to the UE. The gNBs are interconnected by an Xn interconnect. The gNBs are also connected by a Next Generation (NG) interconnect to the Next Generation Core (NGC), more specifically to the Mobility Management (AME) function (e.g., a particular core entity performing the AME) via the NG-C interconnect and to the User Plane (UPE) function (e.g., a particular core entity performing the UPE) via the NG-U interconnect. The NG-RAN architecture is illustrated in Figure 13 (see, for example, 3GPP TS 38.300 V15.6.0, Section 4). The user plane protocol stack for NR (see, for example, 3GPP TS 38.300, section 4.4.1) includes the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP, see section 6.4 of TS 38.300), Radio Link Control (RLC, see section 6.3 of TS 38.300), and Media Access Control (MAC, see section 6.2 of TS 38.300) as zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 51 sublayers, which are terminated in the network-side gNB. Additionally, an access layer (AS) sublayer, the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), is introduced above PDCP (see, for example, sub-clause 6.5 of 3GPP TS 38.300). A control plane protocol stack is also defined for NR (see, for example, TS 38.300, section 4.4.2). A general overview of the Layer 2 functions is provided in sub-clause 6 of TS 38.300. The functions of the PDCP, RLC, and MAC sub-layers are listed in sections 6.4, 6.3, and 6.2 of TS 38.300, respectively. The functions of the RRC layer are listed in sub-clause 7 of TS 38.300. For example, the media access control layer handles logical channel multiplexing and scheduling and planning-related functions that include handling different numerologies. The physical layer (PHY) is responsible, for example, for encoding, PHY HARQ processing, modulation, multi-antenna processing, and signal characterization to the appropriate physical time-frequency resources. The physical layer also handles the characterization of transport channels to physical channels. The physical layer provides services to the MAC layer. - 52 in the form of transport channels. A physical channel corresponds to the set of time-frequency resources used for transmission of a particular transport channel, and each transport channel is characterized by a corresponding physical channel. Examples of physical channels include a physical random access channel (PRACH), a shared uplink physical channel (PUSCH), and a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) as uplink physical channels, and a shared downlink physical channel (PDSCH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) as downlink physical channels. Use case / deployment scenarios for NR can include enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC), each with varying requirements in terms of data rates and coverage latency. For example, eMBB is expected to support peak data rates (20 Gbps downlink and 10 Gbps uplink) and user-experienced data rates on the order of three times that offered by IMT-advanced. On the other hand, for URLLC, the most stringent requirements are for ultra-low latency (0.5 ms for both downlink and uplink, for each user plane latency) and high reliability (10⁻⁵ within 1 zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi). - 53 ms). Finally, mMTC may preferably require a high concentration density (1,000,000 devices / km2 in an urban environment), large coverage in difficult environments and an extremely long battery life for low-cost devices (15 years). Therefore, OFDM numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing, OFDM symbol length, cyclic prefix (CP) length, and number of symbols per scheduling interval) that is suitable for one use case may not work well for another. For example, low-latency services may preferentially require a shorter symbol length (and therefore a larger subcarrier spacing) and / or fewer symbols per scheduling interval (also known as TTI) compared to an mMTC service. Furthermore, deployment scenarios with large channel delay spreads preferentially require a longer CP length than scenarios with short delay spreads. The subcarrier spacing can be optimized accordingly to retain similar excess CP information. NR can support more than one subcarrier spacing value.Accordingly, subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz... are currently being considered. The symbol duration Tu and subcarrier spacing Af are related ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ. - 54 directly through the formula Af = 1 / Tu. In a similar way to LTE systems, the term resource element can be used to indicate a minimum resource unit that is made up of a subcarrier by the length of an OFDM / SC-FDMA symbol. In the new 5G-NR radio system, for each numerology and carrier, a subcarrier resource network and OFDM symbols are defined for the uplink and downlink, respectively. Each element in the resource network is called a resource element and is identified based on the frequency index in the frequency domain and the symbol position in the time domain (see 3GPP TS 38.211 V15.6.0). Functional Division between NG-RAN and 5GC in NR 5G Figure 13 illustrates the functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC. An NG-RAN logical node is either gNB or ng-eNB. 5GC includes local AMF, UPF, and SMF nodes. For example, gNB and ng-eNB host the following main functions: radio resource management functions such as radio carrier control, radio admission control, connection mobility control and dynamic allocation (scheduling) of both uplink and downlink resources to a UE; IP header compression, encryption and ζΛοοηη / ζζηζ / E / γίΛΐ - 55 data integrity protection; selection of an AMF during the UE union in such a case when a route to an AMF cannot be determined from the information provided by the UE; user plane data routing to the UPF; routing of control plane information to the AMF; Installation and connection release; planning and transmission of location messages; planning and transmission of system broadcast information (originating from the AMF or an action management maintenance (OAM: Operation Admission Maintenance) function); measurement and measurement report configuration for mobility and planning; uplink marking level packet transport; session management; network division support; QoS flow management and characterization for data radio carriers; UE support in RRC_INACTIVE state; distribution function for ÑAS messages; ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 56 share radio access network; dual connectivity; and narrow network interconnection between NR and EUTRA. The Access and Mobility Management (AMF) function encompasses the following main functions: Non-accessible stratum signal termination function (NAS); ÑAS signaling safety; access layer (AS) security control; inter-core network node (CN) signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks; UE localization capability in free mode (which includes control and execution of localization relay); - registration area administration; intra-system and inter-system mobility support; access authentication; access authorization that includes verification of roaming rights; mobility management control (subscriptions and policies); network slicing support; and ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ - 57 Session Management Function (SMF) selection. In addition, the user plane function (UPF) houses the following main functions: anchor point for intra- / inter-RAT mobility (where applicable); external protocol data unit (PDU) session point for interconnection to a data network; packet routing and addressing; package inspection and a user plan part of the policy rule's entry into force; traffic usage report; uplink classifier to support routing traffic flows to a data network; branching point to support PDU sessions with multiple houses; QoS handling for user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gateway generation, UL / DL rate activation); Uplink traffic verification (SDF flow characterization to QoS); and downlink packet buffering function and activation uplink data notification. zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 58 Finally, the Session Management Function (SMF) houses the following main functions: session management; - allocation and management of UE IP address; UPF selection and control; configuration function for traffic routing in the user plane function (UPF) to route traffic to a suitable destination; control part of the policy's entry into force and QoS; and downlink data notification. RRC Connection Installation and Reconfiguration Procedure Figure 14 illustrates some interactions between a UE, gNB and AME (5GC entity) carried out in the context of a UE transition from RRC IDLE to RRC CONNECTED for the ÑAS part (see TS 38 300 V15.6.0). The RRC is the upper-layer signaling (protocol) used to configure the UE and the gNB. With this transition, the AME prepares the UE context data (which includes, for example, a session context PDU, security key, UE radio capability, UE security capabilities, and the like) and sends it to the gNB with an INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST. - 59 initial). Next, the gNB activates AS security with the UE. This activation is performed by the gNB transmitting a SecurityModeCommand message to the UE, which responds to the gNB with the SecurityModeComplete message. Subsequently, the gNB performs reconfiguration to establish radio signaling carrier 2, SRB2, and one or more of the data radio carriers (DRBs) by transmitting the RRCReconfiguration message to the UE and, in response, receiving the RRCReconfigurationComplete message from the UE. For a signaling-only connection, the learning steps for RRCReconfiguration are skipped since SRB2 and the DRBs are not installed. Finally, the gNB informs the AME that the setup procedure is complete with INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE. Thus, the present description provides a fifth-generation core entity (5GC) (e.g., AMF, SMF, or similar) that includes control circuitry which, in operation, establishes a next-generation (NG) connection with a gNodeB, and a transmitter which, in operation, transmits an initial context installation message to the gNodeB via the NG connection, thereby establishing a signaling radio carrier between the gNodeB and the user equipment (UE). Specifically, the gNodeB transmits control signaling. - 60 Radio Resource Components (RRCs) that include an Information Element (IE) of the Resource Allocation Configuration to the UE via the signaling radio carrier. The UE then performs an uplink transmission or a downlink reception based on the Resource Allocation Configuration. IMT use cases for 2020 and beyond Figure 15 illustrates some of the use cases for 5G NR. In the new third-generation radio partnership (3GPP NR) project, three use cases have been included to support a wide variety of services and applications by IMT-2020. The specification for Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) Phase 1 has been finalized. In addition to further extending eMBB support, current and future research will involve the standardization of Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) and Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC). Figure 15 illustrates some examples of use scenarios considered for IMT-2020 and beyond (see, for example, ITU-R M.2083, Figure 21). The URLLC use case has stringent requirements for capabilities such as throughput, latency, and availability. The URLLC use case has been identified as one of the enablers for future vertical applications such as wireless control of industrial processes. - 61 Manufacturing or production, remote medical surgery, distribution automation in a smart grid, transportation security, etc. Ultra-reliability for URLLC will be supported by identifying techniques to meet the requirements set forth by TR 38.913. For URLLC NR in version 15, the key requirements include a target user plane latency of 0.5 ms for UL (uplink) and 0.5 ms for DL ​​(downlink). The overall URLLC requirement for a single-packet transmission is a BLER (block error rate) of 1E-5 for a 32-byte packet size with a user plane latency of 1 ms. From a physical layer perspective, reliability can be improved in several ways. The current scope for reliability enhancement involves defining separate CQI tables for URLLC, more compact DCI formats, PDCCH repetition, and so on. However, the scope can be expanded to achieve ultra-reliability as NR becomes more stable and developed (for key URLLC NR requirements). Specific URLLC NR use cases in REI. 15 include augmented reality / virtual reality (AR / VR), eHealth, eSecurity, and mission-critical applications. Furthermore, the technology enhancements led by URLLC NR aim to improve latency and - 62 Reliability Improvement. Technology improvements for latency reduction include configurable numerology, non-interval-based scheduling with flexible characterization, uplink free-granting (configured granting), interval-level repetition for data channels, and downlink pre-acquisition. Pre-acquisition means that a transmission for which resources have been pre-allocated is stopped, and the pre-allocated resources are used for another transmission that has requested them later but has lower latency / higher priority requirements. Consequently, the pre-allocated transmission is pre-acquired by a later transmission. Pre-acquisition is applicable regardless of the specific service type.For example, a transmission for a Type A service (URLLC) may be pre-acquired by a transmission for a Type B service (such as eMBB). Technology increments related to reliability improvement include dedicated CQI / MCS tables for the target BLER of 1E-5. The mMTC (massive machine-type communication) use case is characterized by a very large number of connected devices that typically transmit a relatively low volume of data that is not sensitive to - 63 latency. The devices are required to be low-cost and have very long battery life. From an NR perspective, using very narrow bandwidth portions is a possible solution to achieve energy savings from the UE perspective and enable extended battery life. As mentioned above, the scope of reliability in NR is expected to broaden. A key requirement in all cases, for example for URLLC and mMTC, is high reliability or ultra-reliability. Several mechanisms can improve reliability from both a radio and a network perspective. In general, there are some key potential areas that can help improve reliability. These include compact control channel information, data / control channel repetition, and diversity with respect to frequency, time, and / or space domains. These areas are applicable to improving reliability in general, regardless of specific communication scenarios. For URLLC NR, additional use cases with more stringent requirements have been identified, such as factory automation, the transportation industry, and electric power distribution. The more stringent requirements include higher reliability (up to level 10⁻⁶), - 64 greater availability, packet sizes up to 256 octets, downtime synchronization to the order of some μ3 where the value can be one or some με, depending on the frequency range and short latency on the order of 0.5 to 1 ms in particular a target user plane latency of 0.5 ms, depending on the use cases. Furthermore, for URLLC NR, several technology enhancements have been identified from a physical layer perspective. These include PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) improvements related to compact DCI, PDCCH repeat, and enhanced PDCCH monitoring. Additionally, UCI (Uplink Control Information) enhancements relate to improved HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) and CSI feedback. Furthermore, PUSCH enhancements related to mini-interval level hopping and retransmission / repeat improvements are also possible. The term mini-interval refers to a transmission time interval (TTI) that includes a smaller number of symbols than an interval (an interval comprises fourteen symbols). QoS Control The 5G Quality of Service (QoS) model is based on QoS flows and supports zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 65 both QoS flows that require a guaranteed flow bit rate (QoS GBR flows) as well as QoS flows that do not require a guaranteed flow bit rate (non-QoS GBR flows). At the NAS level, the QoS flow is therefore the finest granularity of QoS differentiation in a PDU session. A QoS flow is identified within a PDU session by a QoS Flow ID (QFI) carried in an encapsulation header over the NG-U interconnect. For each UE, 5GC establishes one or more PDU sessions. For each UE, NG-RAN establishes at least one Data Radio Carrier (DRB) along with the PDU session, for example, as illustrated above with reference to Figure 14. In addition, one or more additional DRBs for one or more QoS streams of that PDU session can subsequently be configured (i.e., until NG-RAN does so). NG-RAN map packets belong to different PDU sessions for different DRBs. NAS-level packet filters in the UE and 5GC associate UL and DL packets with QoS streams, while AS-level characterization rules in the UE and NG-RAN associate the UL and DL of the QoS streams with the DRBs. Figure 16 illustrates a reference architecture without 5G NR roaming (see TS 23.501 v!6.1.0, section ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ 4.23) An application function (AF), for example, an external application server hosting 5G services, as described in Figure 15, interacts with the 3GPP core network to provide services, for example, to support application influence on traffic routing, access to the Network Exposure Function (NEF), or interaction with the policy infrastructure for policy control (see Policy Control Function, PCF), for example, QoS control. Based on the operator's deployment, application functions deemed reliable by the operator may be permitted to interact directly with the relevant network functions.Application functions not permitted by the operator to directly access network functions use the external exposure infrastructure via the NEF to interact with the relevant network functions. Figure 16 illustrates additional functional units of the 5G architecture, specifically the Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), the Network Resource Function (NRF), Unified Data Management (UDM), the Authentication Server Function (AUSF), and the function ζΑοοηη / ζζηζ / E / γίΛΐ - 67 Access and Mobility Management (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), and Data Networking (DN), for example, carrier services, Internet access, or third-party services. All or part of the core network functions and application services can be deployed and run on cloud computing environments. In the present description, an application server (e.g., AF of the 5G architecture) is thus provided that includes: a transmitter, which, in operation, transmits a request containing a QoS requirement for at least URLLC, eMMB and mMTC services to at least one of the functions (e.g., NEF, AMF, SMF, PCF, UPF, etc.) of the 5GC to establish a PDU session that includes a radio carrier between a gNodeB and a UE in accordance with the QoS requirement; and control circuitry which, in operation, performs the services using the established PDU session. The present description can be implemented by programs, physical elements, or a program in comparison to physical elements. Each functional block used in the description of each modality described above can be implemented individually or completely by an LSI such as an integrated circuit, and each process described in each The 68 mode can be controlled partially or completely by the same LSI or a combination of LSIs. The LSI can be individually formed as chips, or a chip can be formed to include some or all of the functional blocks. The LSI may include data input and output coupled to it. The LSI herein may be referred to as an IC, a system LSI, a super LSI, or an ultra LSI, depending on the degree of integration. However, the technique of implementing an integrated circuit is not limited to LSIs and can be achieved using a dedicated circuit, a general-purpose processor, or a special-purpose processor. Furthermore, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which can be programmed after the LSI is manufactured, or a reconfigurable processor, in which the connections and settings of the circuit cells within the LSI can be reconfigured, can be used. This description can be implemented as either digital or analog processing. If a future integrated circuit technology replaces LSIs as a result of advances in semiconductor or other derivative technologies, the functional blocks can be integrated using the future integrated circuit technology. It can also be... - 69 Apply biotechnology. The present description may be embodied by any type of apparatus, device, or system that has a communication function, which is referred to as a communication apparatus. The communication apparatus may comprise a transceiver and processing / control circuitry. The transceiver may comprise and / or function as both a receiver and a transmitter. The transceiver, as well as the transmitter and receiver, may include a radio frequency (RF) module and one or more antennas. The RF module may include an amplifier, an RF modulator / demodulator, or similar components.Some non-limiting examples of these communication devices include a telephone (e.g., a cell phone, smartphone), a tablet computer, a personal computer (PC) (e.g., a laptop, desktop, or netbook), a camera (e.g., a digital still / video camera), a digital player (a digital audio / video player), a wearable device (e.g., a handheld camera, a wristwatch, a tracking device), a game console, a digital book reader, a remote health / medicine device, and a vehicle providing communication functionality (by zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi). - 70 example, a car, an airplane, a boat) and various combinations thereof. The communication apparatus is not limited to being portable or mobile, and may also include any kind of apparatus, device or system that is not portable or that is stationary, such as a smart home device (e.g., an electronic component, lighting, smart meter, control panel), a vending machine or anything else on an Internet of Things (IoT) network. Communication can include data exchange through, for example, a cellular system, a wireless LAN system, a satellite system, etc., and various combinations thereof. The communication apparatus may comprise a device such as a controller or sensor coupled to a communication device that performs a communication function described herein. For example, the communication apparatus may comprise a controller or sensor that generates control signals or data signals, which are used by a communication device that performs a communication function of the communication apparatus. The communication apparatus also includes an infrastructure installation such as, for example, a zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 71 base station, an access point and any other apparatus, device or system that communicates with or controls apparatus such as those in the non-limiting examples above. A receiving apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present description includes: receiving circuitry which, in operation, receives a MAC control element (MAC CE) and a deviation value; and control circuitry which, in operation, configures, based on the deviation value, an interval in which an action is initiated based on a MAC CE control instruction. In an exemplary form of the present description, based on an interval in which action on an uplink is initiated and the deviation value, the control circuitry configures an interval in which action is initiated on a downlink. In an exemplary modality of the present description, based on the timing of the transmission of response information in response to a shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH) that includes the MAC CE, the control circuitry configures the interval in which an action is initiated on the uplink. In an exemplary form of the present description, based on a timing of the reception of a zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 72 shared downlink physical channel (PDSCH) including MAC CE and deviation value, the control circuitry configures an interval in which action on a downlink is initiated. In an exemplary modality of the present description, based on a timing of response information transmission in response to a shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH) that includes the MAC CE, the control circuitry configures intervals in which action is initiated on an uplink and a downlink. A transmission apparatus according to a modality of the present description includes: control circuitry which, in operation, is configured on the basis of a deviation value, an interval in which an action based on a control instruction of a MAC control element (MAC CE) is initiated; and transmission circuitry which, in operation, transmits the deviation value and the MAC CE. A receiving method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present description includes steps performed by a receiving apparatus of: receiving a MAC control element (MAC CE) and a deviation value; and configuring, based on the deviation value, an interval in which an action based on an instruction is initiated. - 73 MAC CE control. A transmission method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present description includes steps performed by a transmission apparatus of: setting, based on a deviation value, an interval in which an action is initiated based on a control instruction of a MAC control element (MAC CE); and transmitting the deviation value and the MAC CE. This patent application claims the benefit of priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-022830 filed with the Japanese Patent Office on February 13, 2020. The contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-022830 are incorporated herein by reference. Industrial Applicability One aspect of this description is useful for radio communication systems. List of Reference Numbers zAoonn / zznz / E / YiAi 100 terminal 101 HARQ-ACK generator 102, 206 data generator 103 data transmission processor 104, 208 radio transmitter 105, 201 antenna 106, 202 radio receiver 107, 203 data receiving processor 5 108 location 109 110, 209 200 204 timing 205 information gathering system timing controller base station controller control information generator MAC CE controller 10 207 Data transmission processor. Note that with regard to this date, the The best method known to the applicant for putting the aforementioned invention into practice is the one that is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims

1. A receiving apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: receiving circuitry which, in operation, receives a MAC control element (MAC CE) and a deviation value; and control circuitry which, in operation, configures, based on the deviation value, an interval in which an action is initiated based on a MAC CE control instruction.

2. The receiving apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: based on an interval in which the action on an uplink is initiated and the deviation value, the control circuitry configures an interval in which an action is initiated on a downlink.

3. The receiving apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, based on a response information transmission timing in response to a shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH) that includes the MAC zRoonn / zznz / E / YiAi - 76 CE, the control circuitry configures the interval in which the action has been initiated in the uplink.

4. The receiving apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, based on a downlink shared physical channel (PDSCH) receiving timing which includes the MAC CE and the deviation value, the control circuitry configures an interval in which an action is initiated on a downlink.

5. The receiving apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, based on a timing of response information transmission in response to a shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH) that includes the MAC CE, the control circuitry configures intervals in which action is initiated in an uplink and a downlink.

6. A transmission apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: control circuitry which, in operation, configures, based on a deviation value, an interval in which an action is initiated based on a control instruction of a MAC control element (MAC CE); and transmission circuitry which, in operation, transmits the deviation value and the MAC CE.

7. A receiving method, characterized in that it comprises steps performed by a receiving apparatus of: receiving a MAC control element (MAC CE) and a deviation value; and 5 configuring, based on the deviation value, an interval in which an action is initiated based on a control instruction from the MAC CE.

8. A transmission method, characterized in that it comprises steps performed by a transmission apparatus of: 10 configuring, based on a deviation value, an interval in which an action is initiated based on a control instruction of a MAC control element (MAC CE); and transmitting the deviation value and the MAC CE.

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