COMPOSITION FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS

Abstract

The invention relates to compositions of natural origin useful in the treatment of cognitive disorders, containing D-pinitol and ursolic acid or extracts from natural sources enriched with these components, and which may also contain DHA and / or a Ginkgo biloba extract. The invention also relates to the use of these compositions for the treatment of cognitive disorders.

Description

COMPOSITION FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS FIELD OF INVENTION The invention relates to a composition comprising plant extracts for use in the treatment of a cognitive disorder, such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, or Parkinson's disease. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Dementia is the loss of cognitive functioning (thinking, remembering, and reasoning) and behavioral skills to such an extent that it interferes with a person's daily life and activities. Dementia varies in severity from the mildest stage, when it is just beginning to affect a person's functioning, to the most severe stage, when the person must depend entirely on others for basic activities of daily living. Common types of dementia include Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and early-onset dementia. Approximately 60-70% of patients with dementia have Alzheimer's disease (AD), and about 6% of individuals aged 65 and older are diagnosed with AD. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a progressive pattern of cognitive and functional decline. In the early stages, patients may experience brief memory loss and subtle problems with executive functions such as attention, planning, flexibility, and abstract thinking, or impairments in semantic memory (the recall of meanings and relationships between concepts). As the disease progresses, memory problems worsen, along with a decline in language, reading, and writing skills, as well as in the coordination of motor sequences. In advanced stages, patients become completely dependent on caregivers, as they may lose the ability to speak entirely and experience muscle atrophy and reduced mobility that prevents them from feeding themselves. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease. MCI affects approximately 15-20% of people aged 65 and older. It can be classified as amnestic MCI and non-amnestic MCI. Amnestic MCI is characterized by memory loss, such that the person forgets important information they previously would have easily recalled, such as appointments, conversations, or recent events. Non-amnestic MCI is characterized by the loss of cognitive abilities other than memory, such as the ability to make sound decisions, judge time or the sequence of steps needed to complete a complex task, or visual perception. Although MCI can regress to normal stages or remain stable, amnestic MCI is often considered a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease.Patients with non-amnestic MCI are more likely to suffer from other dementias. There is no conclusive evidence to support any particular measure for preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, no medication has been shown to slow or stop the progression of AD. Available treatments offer relatively little symptomatic benefit. No medication has been shown to be effective in curing mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and no high-quality evidence has been provided regarding drugs or dietary supplements that may improve cognitive symptoms in patients with MCI. Therefore, there is a need in the field for effective treatments to stop, or even reverse, the cognitive decline of patients with dementia, particularly with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The inventors have demonstrated that a plant extract rich in ursolic acid (sage extract) and a plant extract rich in D-pinitol have a neuroprotective effect in zebrafish models of neurodegenerative diseases (pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-treated AB zebrafish strain), as well as an effect on acetylcholinesterase activity. Studies of CNS development in zebrafish (Kimmel et al., 1995, Developmental Dynamics 203:255-310) show that brain segmentation is already noticeable at 24 hours, and structures such as the neural tube, notochord, and somites (precursors of muscle and skeleton) have formed. By day five of development, some sensory organs, such as the eyes and ears, have formed. The heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas have also appeared, while the circulatory, digestive, and nervous systems are functioning properly.At this stage, the fish is able to respond to visual, olfactory, and mechanical stimuli and begin to swim in search of food. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and an acetate group. It is found primarily at neuromuscular junctions and in the cholinergic nervous system, where its activity serves to terminate synaptic transmission. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter involved in the control of movement and an important modulator of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory (Hasselmo et al., 2011, Neuropsychopharmacology, 1:52-73). Therefore, adequate levels of acetylcholinesterase reflect a healthy neuronal condition. PTZ is a competitive stimulant of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. Its activity on the receptor blocks chloride anion conductance and the formation of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, thereby increasing glutamatergic excitability (McDonald et al., 1978, Science, 200:775-777). The zebrafish model exerts proconvulsant effects, probably by blocking inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission (Huang et al., 2001, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 298:986-995). Additionally, the inventors analyzed the effect of administering a plant extract rich in ursolic acid, along with a plant extract rich in D-pinitol, a Ginkgo biloba extract, and a fatty acid composition rich in DHA, to a group of SAMP 8 mice (semi-advanced senescence-prone mice 8), which exhibit pathological similarities to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Pallas M. 2012, ISRN Cell Biology, vol. 12, article id. 917167). They observed that, following this treatment, the ability of this group of mice to perform cognitive functions impaired in AD patients was comparable to that of the reference mice (semi-advanced senescence-resistant mice 1, SAMR1).Therefore, they have shown that administering a composition comprising a plant extract rich in ursolic acid, a plant extract rich in D-pinitol, a Ginkgo biloba extract, and a fatty acid composition rich in DHA can restore severely impaired cognitive functions in patients with AD. The inventors have also demonstrated that administering a composition comprising a DHA-enriched fatty acid composition, a flavonoid-enriched Ginkgo extract, a D-pinitol-enriched plant extract, and an ursolic acid-enriched plant extract to C. elegans results in improved oxidative tolerance, increased lifespan, increased chemotactic activity, and reduced AB accumulation compared to reference animals. Therefore, in a first aspect, the invention relates to a composition or kit of parts comprising D-pinitol, ursolic acid and one or more additional components selected from the following group: (i) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), (i) ginkgo flavonoids and (i) a mixture of these. In a second aspect, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition according to the first aspect and a pharmaceutically active vehicle. In a third aspect, the invention relates to a food or dietary supplement comprising the composition according to the first aspect and a nutritionally acceptable vehicle. The composition or kit of parts according to the first aspect of the invention, or the pharmaceutical product according to the second aspect of the invention, or the food or dietary supplement according to the third aspect of the invention, for medicinal use. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1. SAMR1 / SAMP8 preclinical study timeline. Figure 2. Open field test (OFL) scheme. Figure 3. Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) Scheme Figure 4. Object Location Test (OLT) scheme. Figure 5. A, Weight gain / loss of the animal during treatment. B, Average body weight at the beginning and end of the study. Figure 6. Evaluation of the behavior of mouse groups in an open field (n=10-12). A) Locomotor activity B) Vertical activity C) Defecation Figure 7. Summary of short-term NORT results for groups (n=10-12) Figure 8. Summary of long-term NORT results for groups (n=10-12) Figure 9. Summary of three-chamber habituation (OLT) results for groups (n=1 or 2) Figure 10. A) Example of the physical appearance of mice in the reference SAMP 8 group. B) Example of the appearance of mice in the treated SAMP 8 group. Figure 11: Bar chart showing the mean ± SEM of AChE activity in larvae treated with PTZ, PHYS, and the different compounds combined with PTZ, compared to the reference group, which is considered 100% (red dashed line). The statistical method used was Dunnett's multiple comparison test (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01 compared to the reference group) and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test (# p < 0.01; ## p < 0.001 compared to PTZ). Figure 12. Summary of the oxidative stress response of different groups of C. elegans after treatment with each extract, mixture, or vitamin C (58 μM). There is a significant difference between these groups when the symbols are different (P<0.05). Data are the average of three replicates with approximately 120–150 worms in each group. Figure 13. Schematic diagram of the behavior of the chemotaxis assay in the CL2355 strain expressing neuronal Aβ. Figure 14. The chemotaxis assay resulted in the identification of neuronal strain CL2355. There was a significant difference between these groups when the symbols were different (P<0.05). The data are the average of three replicates with approximately 120–150 worms in each group. Figure 15. Quantification of particles with the presence of ThS in the head region of strain CL2006 (A). Representative images of each evaluated group (B). There is a significant difference between these groups when the symbols are different (P<0.05). The data are the average of three replicates with approximately 50–60 worms in each group. Figure 16. Kaplan-Meier curve for the survival of C. elegans in different extracts (A). Life expectancy of the groups treated with C. elegans and the reference group with 1% DMSO (B). There is a significant difference between these groups when the symbols are different (P<0.05). The data are the average of three replicates with approximately 60–70 worms in each group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The inventors have observed that a plant extract rich in ursolic acid, as well as a plant extract rich in D-pinitol, have neuroprotective effects in a zebrafish model of a neurodegenerative disease. They have also observed that administering a composition obtained by combining a DHA-rich fatty acid composition, a plant extract rich in ursolic acid, a plant extract rich in D-pinitol, and a Ginkgo biloba extract to a mouse model of accelerated senescence can restore some of the impaired cognitive functions in the animals of that model. 1. Composition or kit of parts of the invention. In a first aspect, the invention relates to a composition or kit of parts comprising D-pinitol, ursolic acid and one or more additional components selected from the following group: (i) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), (ii) ginkgo flavonoids and (iii) a mixture of these. The term “composition,” as used herein, refers to a combination of compounds or ingredients. The ingredients of the composition may be supplied separately or in a unit dosage. Therefore, if the composition is administered to a subject, the compounds of the composition may be mixed in that unit dosage, mixed before administration but supplied separately, or supplied and administered separately but mixed once taken by the subject, i.e., within the subject’s body. Furthermore, some ingredients of the composition may be administered together and others separately, but all are mixed once taken by the subject, i.e., within the subject’s body. The term "parts kit," as used herein, refers to a product comprising different ingredients, components, or compounds, where such ingredients, components, or compounds are physically separated, preferably by separate packaging of each ingredient, component, or compound within the kit, in such a way as to permit its transport and storage. As will be understood, in the "parts kit" according to the present invention, the individual active ingredients, components, or compounds represent therapeutic agents, and provided that the use of such compounds, whether simultaneously, separately, or sequentially, produces the joint novel and unexpected therapeutic effect as described herein, which is not achieved with the compounds separately.In fact, as the results below demonstrate, the claimed combination of active ingredients did not represent a mere accumulation of known agents, but rather a novel combination with the remarkable and valuable property that the combined effect is far greater than the simple sum of the effects observed when those active ingredients are used separately. The kit typically comprises its components in suitable containers. Suitable materials for packaging the kit components include glass, plastic (polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and the like), bottles, vials, paper, sachets, and the like. For example, each container may be in the form of vials, bottles, squeezable bottles, jars, sealed sleeves, sachets or bags, tubes or blisters, or any other suitable shape, provided the container is configured to prevent premature mixing of components.Each of the different components may be supplied separately, or some of the different components may be supplied together (i.e., in the same container). Furthermore, the kits of the invention may contain instructions for the simultaneous, sequential, or separate use of the different components contained in the kit. Such instructions may be in the form of printed material or in the form of an electronic medium capable of storing instructions so that they can be read by a user, such as electronic storage media (magnetic disks, tapes, and the like), optical media (CD-ROM, DVD), and the like. The media may additionally or alternatively contain internet addresses that provide such instructions. It shall be understood that the compositions and kits of parts of the invention may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the ingredients mentioned above. In this specification, the expression "comprising" is used to indicate that the composition described must contain the listed ingredient(s), but may optionally contain additional ingredients. The expression "consisting essentially of" is used to indicate that the composition described must contain the listed ingredient(s) and may also contain a small amount (for example, up to 5 percent by weight, or up to 1 percent or 0.1 percent by weight) of other ingredients, provided that no additional ingredient affects the essential properties of the extract or composition. The expression "consisting of" is used to indicate that the composition described must contain only the listed ingredient(s). In one particular embodiment, the composition or kit of parts according to the first aspect of the invention further comprises ingredients other than D-pinitol and ursolic acid. In one particular embodiment, it comprises at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 15, or at least 20 ingredients in addition to D-pinitol and ursolic acid. In another particular form, D-pinitol and ursolic acid comprise at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 66%, at least 66.6%, at least 66.66%, at least 66.666%, at least 67%, at least 70%, or at least 100% of the total amount of ingredients that make up the kit. The terms “D-pinitol”, “pinitol”, “3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol”, and “methylinositol”, as used herein, refer to the compound with the IUPAC name (1S,2S,4S,5R)-6-methoxycyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol. This compound can be obtained from various natural sources, such as the pods of Ceratonia silique, the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens, or Pinus lambertiana. The term "ursolic acid," as used herein, refers to a triterpenoid with the IUPAC name (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-pycene-4acarboxylic acid. It is present in many plants, such as fruits and herbs used in daily life. In particular, it can be found in plants of the Lamiaceae family, such as Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, microalgae, or in the skin of fruits such as Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Vaccinium, Prunos. In a particular embodiment of the composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention, ursolic acid is provided as a ursolic acid-rich plant extract and / or D-pinitol is provided as a D-pinitol-rich plant extract. The term "plant extract," as used herein, refers to the term commonly known to those skilled in the art. This term refers to a composition comprising compounds, ingredients, or substances that have been extracted from a product or tissue of a plant organism, or a plant, usually by treating the tissue with a solvent. Non-exhaustive examples of solvents include water, ethanol, hydroalcohol, ethyl acetate, CO2, methanol, acetone, acetic acid, or hexane. Methods for obtaining a plant extract from a product or tissue of a plant or plant organism are well known to those skilled in the art and include any of the methods for obtaining plant or natural extracts described in the examples of the invention. As understood by the technical expert, a "plant extract rich in ursolic acid" or "plant extract containing ursolic acid" is a plant extract obtained from a product or tissue of a plant organism rich in ursolic acid; that is, it comprises a high quantity of ursolic acid, so the final concentration of ursolic acid in the extract is high. Examples not Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi Explicit descriptions of products or tissues of plant organisms rich in ursolic acid include leaves of plant organisms of the Lamiaceae family, seaweed, or fruit peels. In particular, they include products or tissues of Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, microalgae, or the fruit peel of Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Vaccinium, and Prunas. Such a plant extract may be obtained by any method well known to a person skilled in the art, such as that provided herein in the embodiments of the method for obtaining an extract rich in ursolic acid or in the examples of the invention in "Method for obtaining a natural extract rich in ursolic acid." In one particular embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich product from which the ursolic acid-rich plant extract is obtained is a product derived from a plant organism selected from the group consisting of leaves of a plant of the Lamiaceae family, a seaweed, or fruit peels. In another particular embodiment, the plant product is a product obtained from a plant organism selected from the group consisting of Salvia officinalis, Thymas valgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, seaweed, Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Vaccinium, Prunus, and combinations thereof. The term “product of a plant organism” or “plant product,” as used herein, refers to any part of a plant organism, including tissue of the plant organism, tissue of the reproductive organs of the plant organism, tissue of the non-reproductive organs of the plant organism, leaves, stem, roots, fruit, fruit tissue, the exocarp of the fruit, the mesocarp of the fruit, the endocarp of the fruit, the peel of the fruit, the pod of the fruit, the seed of the fruit, or the pod of the plant organism. In one particular embodiment, the product refers to the whole of any of the parts of a plant organism just indicated. In another particular embodiment, it refers to a part of any of the parts of a plant organism just indicated. In a preferred embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich product from which the ursolic acid-rich plant extract is obtained consists of the leaves of a plant organism selected from the group consisting of Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Origanum vulgare, preferably the leaves of Salvia officinalis. In another preferred embodiment, it is a product of a marine alga, preferably an alga selected from the group consisting of Cladophora sp., preferably Cladophora vagabunda. In yet another preferred embodiment, it consists of the fruit peels of Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Vaccinium, and Prunus. In another specific embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich extract is obtained from more than one ursolic acid-rich product selected from any of the group of ursolic acid-rich products listed above. In another specific embodiment, it is obtained from at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, or at least Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi 10, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, or at least 15 products selected from any of the ursolic acid-rich product groups listed above. In another specific formulation, it is obtained from all the products listed in any of the ursolic acid-rich product groups listed above. In one embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich extract is obtained by extraction from a ursolic acid-rich plant product using a solvent selected from the group consisting of a hydroalcohol, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, or a mixture thereof. This product is selected from any of the ursolic acid-rich product groups listed above. In another specific embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich plant extract is a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from more than one of the ursolic acid-rich products selected from any of the ursolic acid-rich product groups listed above. In another specific embodiment, it is obtained from at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, or at least 15 products selected from any of the ursolic acid-rich product groups listed above. In yet another specific embodiment, it is obtained from all the products listed in any of the ursolic acid-rich product groups listed above.In another form, the ursolic acid-rich plant extract is a hydroalcoholic extract of a plant product rich in ursolic acid. As those skilled in the art will understand, a hydroalcoholic extract of a plant product rich in ursolic acid is an extract obtained from a plant product rich in ursolic acid by using a hydroalcohol as a solvent. As those skilled in the art know, a hydroalcohol is a solvent comprising water and an alcohol. Non-exhaustive examples of alcohols contained in hydroalcohols include ethanol and methanol. In one particular formulation, the percentage of alcohol (v / v) in the hydroalcohol is approximately 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, or 9%. 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%.In one particular formulation, hydroalcohol contains between 2% (v / v) and 99% (v / v) alcohol, between 5% (v / v) and 96% (v / v) alcohol, between 10% (v / v) and 90% (v / v) alcohol, between 20% (v / v) and 80% (v / v) alcohol, between 30% (v / v) and 70% (v / v), between 50% (v / v) and 70% (v / v) alcohol, preferably between 5% (v / v) and 96% (v / v) alcohol. As those skilled in the technique will understand, when hydroalcohol is defined by the percentage of alcohol present, the percentage of water present is the percentage needed to reach 100%. Therefore, when the hydroalcohol contains 5% (v / v) alcohol, it contains 95% (v / v) water, and when the hydroalcohol contains 96% (v / v) alcohol, it contains 4% (v / v) water. The methods for obtaining a hydroalcoholic extract from a plant product rich in ursolic acid are well known to those skilled in the art.A non-exhaustive example of such methods are those provided herein in the modalities for obtaining an extract rich in ursolic acid and in the examples herein in "Method for obtaining a natural extract rich in ursolic acid". In one particular method, the plant extract is obtained using an alcohol as a solvent, such as ethanol or methanol. In another particular method, the plant extract is obtained using water as a solvent. In a particular embodiment, a plant extract rich in ursolic acid comprises a % (w / w) of ursolic acid of at least 0.1%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 7%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 17.5%, at least 20%, at least 22.5%, at least 25%, at least 27.5%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 100%, preferably at least 15%. In one embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich extract is obtained from the leaves of Lamiaceae plants, such as Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinas officinalis, Origanum vulgare, and the like, from seaweed, from the fruit skin of Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Vaccinium, Prunus, and the like, or from a mixture of these. In one method, the selected fresh or dried raw material is extracted with a hydroalcoholic mixture having an alcohol content of between 10 and 96% at a temperature of approximately 40 to 100 °C for 1–10 hours. The process may also include several extraction stages of leaves with the same or different alcohol content, by combining the resulting hydroalcoholic extracts to continue the process. In another modality, the hydroalcoholic extract and the raw material are separated using any separation methodology that results in an extract free of particles larger than 50-100 micrometers. In one method, the hydroalcoholic extract is treated with activated carbon at 40–100 °C for 1–4 hours. The activated carbon dosage is between 1–20% of the dry matter present in the extract. The hydroalcoholic extract and raw material are then separated from the activated carbon using any separation method that results in an extract free of activated carbon particles and raw material particles larger than 0.45–10 micrometers. In another modality, the aqueous extract is treated by microfiltration or heat treatment to control any possible microbial load. Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi In another method, the resulting product is concentrated until the solids content is between 5 and 50% (w / w). During this phase, an insoluble precipitate forms in the concentrated extract. The precipitate is separated from the supernatant using any method known to the art. In another modality, the wet precipitate is dried using any drying method that results in a solid product with a moisture content of less than 10-15%. In one embodiment, the extract has a triterpene content of 5-95%, of which 5-90% is composed of ursolic acid. In a particular embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich plant extract contains between 0.25% (w / w) and 100% (w / w) of ursolic acid, preferably between 2% (w / w) and 100% (w / w) of ursolic acid, and more preferably between 5% (w / w) and 90% (w / w) of ursolic acid. The methods for determining the percentage of ursolic acid in an extract are well known to anyone skilled in the art. These methods include any method that allows the determination of the amount of a compound in a composition, such as mass spectrometry methods. Preferably, mass spectrometry is used, in particular gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), direct infusion mass spectrometry or Fourier transform cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).ultra-high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (SFC-MS), flow injection analysis with mass spectrometry (FIA-MS), including quadrupole mass spectrometry, any sequentially coupled mass spectrometry such as MS-MS or MS-MS-MS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS), ion mobility mass spectrometry or time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS), ESI-MS / MS, ESI-(MS), <n>, array-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), surface-enhanced laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOFMS), silicon desorption / ionization (DIOS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS), APCI-MS / MS and APCI-(MS) <n>atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry (APPI-MS), APPI-MS / MS and APPI-(MS) <n>Quadrupole mass spectrometry, Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), and ion trap mass spectrometry, where n is a non-zero integer. These techniques are described, e.g., in Nissen, Journal of Chromatography A, 703, 1995: 37-57, US 4,540,884 or US 5,397,894. Preferably, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is used as described in (García A. and Barbas C. 2011, Methods Mol. BioL (Clifton NJ) 708:191-204). Even more preferably, quadrupole time-of-flight gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-qTOF / MS) is used as described in (Riera-Borrull M. et al. 2016, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 27(1):168-177, Kind T. et al., 2009, Anal. Chem. 81(24): 10038-48). In one particular embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich plant extract comprises additional triterpenes. In one particular embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich plant extract contains between 5% (w / w) and 95% (w / w) triterpenes. In another particular embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich plant extract contains between 5% (w / w) and 95% (w / w) triterpenes, within which between 5% (w / w) and 90% (w / w) is ursolic acid. The methods for determining the triterpene concentration in an ursolic acid-rich plant extract are well known to those skilled in the art and include any of the methods provided above for determining the concentration of a compound in a composition. In one particular embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich extract is obtained by a method comprising: (i) the extraction of a ursolic acid-rich product with a hydroalcohol and (ii) the treatment of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained in step (i) with activated carbon and the subsequent removal of the activated carbon. In one particular embodiment, the extraction in step (i) of the method for obtaining an ursolic acid-rich extract, the ursolic acid-rich product is selected from any of the groups of ursolic acid-rich products mentioned above. In another particular embodiment, the extraction in step (i) is performed on more than one of the ursolic acid-rich products selected from any of the groups of ursolic acid-rich products mentioned above. In yet another particular embodiment, it is an extraction from at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, or at least 15 products selected from any of the groups of ursolic acid-rich products mentioned above.In another particular modality, it is an extraction from all the products indicated in any of the groups of products rich in ursolic acid indicated above. In one particular embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich extract is obtained by a method comprising: Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi (i) extraction from the leaves of a plant of the Lamiaceae family, from a marine algae or from fruit peels, with a hydroalcohol and (ii) treatment of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained in step (i) with activated carbon and subsequent removal of the activated carbon. In another particular embodiment, the extraction step (i) of the method for obtaining an ursolic acid-rich extract is carried out with a hydroalcohol as defined in the definition of hydroalcohol, preferably with a hydroalcohol containing between 5% (v / v) and 96% (v / v) alcohol. In another particular embodiment, the extraction step (i) of the method for obtaining an ursolic acid-rich extract is carried out at a temperature of more than 30°C, more than 40°C, more than 45°C, more than 50°C, more than 60°C, more than 70°C, more than 80°C, more than 90°C, more than 95°C, more than 96°C, more than 97°C, more than 98°C, more than 99°C, more than 100°C, more than 105°C, or more than 110°C. In a preferred mode, it is performed at around 30sC-110sC, preferably at around 40-1002C. In another particular embodiment, the extraction step (i) of the method for obtaining an ursolic acid rich extract is carried out for at least 0.5 hours, at least 1 hour, at least 1.5 hours, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 3.5 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 4.5 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 5.5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 6.5 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 7.5 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 8.5 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 9.5 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 10.5 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 24 hours. In one particular modality, the methods are carried out for 0.5-24 hours, 1-12 hours, 1-10 hours, preferably for 1-10 hours. In another particular embodiment, step (i) of the method for obtaining an ursolic acid-rich extract is repeated at least once, at least twice, at least three times, at least four times, or at least five times, wherein the hydroalcoholic extract used in step (i) of the method is a combination of the hydroalcoholic extracts obtained in each repetition of step (i). In another particular embodiment, the hydroalcoholic extract used in each repetition of step (i) of the method is the same in each repetition. In another particular embodiment, the hydroalcoholic extract used in each repetition is not the same in each repetition. In another particular embodiment, the hydroalcoholic extract used in each repetition has a different alcohol concentration in each repetition. In one particular embodiment, each of the hydroalcohols used in each of these repetitions is selected from among the hydroalcohols specified in the preceding definition of hydroalcohol. In another particular embodiment, the ursolic acid-rich product used in step (i) of the method is the same in each repetition of step (i) of the method. As those skilled in the technique will understand, in this case the same ursolic acid-rich product is subjected to several rounds of extraction with a hydroalcoholic solution. In one particular embodiment, the hydroalcoholic extracts used in step (i) are free from particles larger than 0.01 µm, 0.05 µm, 0.1 µm, 0.5 µm, 1 µm, 2 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm, 50 µm, 60 µm, 70 µm, 80 µm, 90 µm, 100 µm, 150 µm, 200 µm, 250 µm, 500 µm, 1 mm, 2 mm, and 5 mm. In one particular embodiment, they are free from particles larger than 50 µm. Methods for removing particles larger than any of these sizes are well known to those skilled in the art and include centrifugation or the use of a sieve with a pore size equal to that of the smallest particle to be removed. The term "activated carbon," as used herein, refers to a form of carbon well known to experts in the field. It is a type of carbon that is processed to enhance its adsorption properties.It is primarily processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reaction. In one particular embodiment, step (ii) of the method for obtaining an ursolic acid-rich extract is carried out at a temperature of more than 30°C, more than 40°C, more than 45°C, more than 50°C, more than 60°C, more than 70°C, more than 80°C, more than 90°C, more than 95°C, more than 96°C, more than 97°C, more than 98°C, more than 99°C, more than 100°C, more than 105°C, more than 110°C. In a preferred embodiment, it is carried out at around 30°C–110°C, preferably at around 40–100°C. In a particular embodiment, step (ii) of the method for obtaining an ursolic acid-rich extract is carried out for at least 0.5 hours, at least 1 hour, at least 1.5 hours, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 3.5 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 4.5 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 5.5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 6.5 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 7.5 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 8.5 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 9.5 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 10.5 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 24 hours. In one particular modality, stage (i) of the method is carried out for 0.5-10 hours, 1-5 hours, preferably for 1-4 hours. In one particular embodiment, the amount of activated carbon used in step (i) of the method to obtain an ursolic acid-rich extract is between 0.5-40% (w / w), preferably between 1-20% (w / w) of the dry matter present in the extract. In one particular modality, the removal of activated carbon results in an extract free of activated carbon particles and unprocessed particles with a size greater than at least 0.01 µm, 0.05 µm, 0.15 µm, 0.2 µm, 0.25 µm, 0.3 µm, 0.35 µm, 0.4 µm, 0.45 µm, 0.5 µm, 0.55 µm, 0.6 µm, 0.65 µm, 0.7 µm, 0.75 µm, 0.8 µm, 0.85 µm, 0.9 µm, 0.95 µm, 1 µm, 2 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm, 50 µm, 60 µm, 70 µm, 80 µm, 90 µm, 100 µm, 150 µm, 200 µm, 250 µm, 500 µm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm. In a particular form, they are free of carbon and raw material particles larger than 0.45 µm, larger than 1 µm, larger than 5 µm, larger than 10 µm. Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi preferably larger than 0.45 pm. Methods for removing particles larger than any of these sizes are well known to the expert in the field and include centrifugation or the use of a sieve having as its pore size that of the smallest particle to be removed. In one particular embodiment, the method for obtaining an extract rich in ursolic acid comprises an additional step (i¡¡) where the hydroalcoholic extract obtained in step (i) is concentrated. In one particular embodiment, the concentration comprises separating the solid content of the extract from the solvent and drying the solid content. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the solid content is any content of the extract other than the solvent of the extract. In one particular embodiment, the extract obtained in step (ii) comprises a water content (w / w) of less than 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, preferably less than 15%; and even more preferably less than 10% water. In one particular modality, the extract obtained from step (i) of the method and used in step (iii) is treated to eliminate any bacteria. Such treatments are well known to those skilled in the art. Non-exhaustive examples of such treatments include heat treatment or microfiltration. As used herein, a “D-pinitol-rich plant extract” or “plant extract containing D-pinitol” is a plant extract obtained from a product or tissue of a plant organism rich in D-pinitol, i.e., comprising a high amount of D-pinitol, so that the final concentration of D-pinitol in the extract is high. Non-exhaustive examples of D-pinitol-rich products or tissues of plant organisms include products of a plant organism selected from Ceratonia, Ceratonia siliqua, Sutherlandia frutescens, or Pinus lambertiana. In one particular embodiment, the plant products of such plants are any of those indicated in the definition of “plant product.”In a preferred embodiment, the D-pinitol-rich product is selected from the group consisting of Ceratonia fruits, Ceratonia pods, Ceratonia siliqua fruits, Ceratonia siliqua pods, Sutherlandia frutescens leaves, or Pinus lambertiana plant products. Such plant extracts can be obtained by any method well known to those skilled in the art, such as the method provided herein for obtaining a D-pinitol-rich extract, or as exemplified in the invention under "Method for obtaining a natural D-pinitol-rich extract." Methods for obtaining D-pinitol-rich extracts include the method described in European patent EP1241155-A1 using carob pods as the starting material, or the method described by GonzalezMauraza et al. (Natural Product Communications, 2015, 11:405-406) by using the aerial parts of Retama monospema as starting material. In another specific embodiment, the D-pinitol-rich extract is obtained from more than one D-pinitol-rich product selected from any of the groups of D-pinitol-rich products listed above. In another specific embodiment, it is obtained from at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 12, at least 13, at least 14, or at least 15 products selected from any of the groups of D-pinitol-rich products listed above. In yet another specific embodiment, it is obtained from all the products listed in any of the groups of D-pinitol-rich products listed above. In a particular embodiment, a plant extract rich in D-pinitol comprises a % (w / w) of D-pinitol of at least 0.1%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 7%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 17.5%, at least 20%, at least 22.5%, at least 25%, at least 27.5%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95% %, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 100%, preferably at least 95%. In one particular embodiment, the weight ratio of D-pinitol and ursolic acid in the composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention is ate, where a represents the amount of D-pinitol in the composition or kit of parts, and b represents the amount of ursolic acid in the composition or kit of parts, and: - the value of a is between 100 and 30, between 90 and 40, between 80 and 50, between 70 and 60, between 65 and 60, preferably between 70 and 60, - the value of b is between 1 and 20, between 2 and 18, between 4 and 15, between 5 and 10, between 6 and 8, preferably between 4 and 15. In a preferred embodiment, the value of a is selected from the group consisting of 45, 50, 55, 58, 60, 61, 61.5, 62, 62.5, 63, 63.1, 63.2, 63.3, 63.4, 63.5, 63.6, 63.7, 63.8, 63.9, 70, 71, 72, 75, 80, 85, and 90. In a preferred embodiment, the value of a is 63.3. In a preferred embodiment, the value of b is selected from the group consisting of 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 12, 15, 18 and 20. In a preferred embodiment, the value of b is 7.5. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of D-pinitol and ursolic acid in the composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention is about 63.3:7.5. The composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention further comprises an additional component selected from the group of: (i) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), (ii) Ginkgo flavonoids and (iii) a mixture of these. As used herein, the expression "docosahexaenoic acid" or "DHA" refers to an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component with the IUPAC name (4Z,7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z,19Z)-docose-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid. In one particular embodiment, the DHA of the composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention is provided as a fatty acid composition containing or comprising DHA. In a particular embodiment, the composition comprising DHA comprises at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 18%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, at least 29%, at least 30%, at least 32%, at least 33%, at least 35%, at least 23%, at least 40%, at least 42%, at least 45%, at least 47%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at least 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%, at least 100% of DHA, preferably at least 25% of DHA. In a particular form, the fatty acid composition containing DHA contains at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 18%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, at least 29%, at least 30%, at least 32%, at least 33%, at least 35%, at least 23%, at least 40%, at least 42%, at least 45%, at least 47%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, at less than 99.7%, at least 99.8%, at least 99.9%, at least 100% of DHA, preferably at least 25% of DHA. In another particular modality, the fatty acid composition has been obtained from microalgae or fish. In a particular modality, it has been obtained from microalgae selected within the group consisting of Schizochytrium sp., Schizochytrium, aggregatum, Schizochytrium limacinum, Schizochytrium minutum, Thraustochytrium sp. Nannochloropsis gaditana, Nannochloropsis granulata, Nannochloropsis limnetica, Nannochloropsis oceanic, Nannochloropsis oculata, Nannochloropsis salina, Pinguiococcus sp., Pinguiococcus pyrenoidosus, Pavlova sp., Pavlova calceolate, Pavlova granifera, Pavlova gyrans, Pavlova hommersandii, Pavlova pinguis, Pavlova ennorea, Pavlova lutheri, Pavlova mesolychnon, Pavlova salina, Pavlova virescens, Pavlova viridis, Isocrysis sp. Isochrysis galvan, Isochrysis litoralis and Isochrysis maritime. In another particular modality, the DHA-rich fatty acid composition has been obtained from selected fish within the groups consisting of salmon, herring, mackerel, tuna, halibut, sardine, shark, swordfish, tilefish, and albacore tuna. The term “ginkgo flavonoids,” as used herein, refers to the flavonoid glycosides present in an extract of Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba), preferably an extract from the leaves of G. biloba. Flavonoid glycosides are compounds resulting from the conjugation of a flavone or flavonol with a sugar via a glycosidic bond. These include O-glycosides, thioglycosides, glycosylamines, and C-glycosides, depending on whether the bond between the sugar and the other compounds is formed through an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, or a carbon atom. The flavonols found in G. biloba extracts...Biloba glycosides include quercetin (which forms quercitrin by conjugation with rhamnose), kaempferol, and isorhamnetin (which may appear as isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside4'-O-glucoside, or isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, which is also known as narcisin). As used herein, the expression “a Ginkgo biloba extract” or “Ginkgo biloba extract” refers to a plant extract obtained from the plant products of G. biloba. In one particular embodiment, these plant products are any of the plant products specified in the definition of “plant product” above. In a preferred embodiment, the G. biloba extract is obtained from the leaves of G. biloba. As is well known to those skilled in the art, this extract comprises flavonoids and terpene lactones. This extract can be obtained by any method well known to those skilled in the art, such as that provided herein in the embodiments of the method for obtaining G. biloba extract or in the examples of the invention in “Method for obtaining a natural extract rich in ursolic acid.” The term "terpene lactone" refers to a family of compounds with particular chemical structures, first identified in an extract of G. biloba. The main terpene lactone compounds in G. biloba include bilobalide and ginkgolides. In one particular embodiment, the Ginkgo flavonoids of the composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention are provided as an extract of G. biloba. In another particular embodiment, the G. biloba extract of the composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention comprises a percentage (w / w) of ginkgo flavonoids of at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.6%, at least 0.7%, at least 0.75%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 7.5%, at least 10%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, at least 18%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 50%, preferably at least 0.6%. In another particular embodiment, the G.The composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention contains a percentage (w / w) of ginkgo flavonoids of at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.6%, at least 0.7%, at least 0.75%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 5%, at least 7.5%, at least 10%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, at least 18%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 50%, preferably at least 0.6%. In another particular formulation, the G. biloba extract comprises between 0.01% (w / w) and 20% (w / w) of ginkgo flavonoids, and between 0.5% (w / w) and 15% (w / w). In another particular embodiment, the G. biloba extract comprises a percentage (w / w) of terpene lactones of less than 10%, 7%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, preferably less than 1%. In a preferred embodiment, the G. biloba extract comprises a percentage (w / w) of ginkgo flavonoids as any of those listed above, and a percentage (w / w) of terpene lactones as any of those listed above. In a further preferred embodiment, the G. biloba extract comprises between 0.5% (w / w) and 15% (w / w) of ginkgo flavonoids and less than 1% (w / w) of terpene lactones. In a preferred embodiment, the G. biloba extract contains a percentage (w / w) of ginkgo flavonoids as any of those listed above, and a percentage (w / w) of terpene lactones as any of those listed above. In an additional preferred embodiment, the G. biloba extract contains between 0.5% (w / w) and 15% (w / w) of ginkgo flavonoids and less than 1% (w / w) of terpene lactones. In another particular embodiment, the G. biloba extract has been obtained by a method comprising: (i) aqueous extraction from a plant product of G. biloba and (ii) treatment of the aqueous extract obtained in step (i) with activated carbon and subsequent removal of the activated carbon. In one particular modality, the plant product of G. biloba is any of those indicated in the definition of "plant product", preferably consisting of the leaves of G. biloba. In another particular embodiment, the extraction step (i) of the method for obtaining G. biloba extract is carried out with water at a temperature of more than 30°C, more than 40°C, more than 45°C, more than 50°C, more than 60°C, more than 70°C, more than 80°C, more than 90°C, more than 95°C, more than 96°C, more than 97°C, more than 98°C, more than 99°C, more than 100°C, more than 105°C, more than 110°C. In a preferred embodiment, it is carried out with water at around 30°C–110°C, preferably at around 40–100°C. In another particular modality, the extraction step (i) of the method for obtaining G. biloba extract is carried out for at least 0.5 hours, at least 1 hour, at least 1.5 hours, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 3.5 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 4.5 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 5.5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 6.5 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 7.5 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 8.5 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 9.5 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 10.5 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 24 hours, at least 30 hours, at least 36 hours, at least 40 hours, at least 42 hours, at least 48 hours. In one particular modality, the method is performed for 0.5-48 hours, 1-30 hours, 1-20 hours, preferably for 1-20 hours. In another particular embodiment, step (i) of the method for obtaining G. biloba extract is repeated at least once, at least twice, at least three times, at least four times, or at least five times. In this particular embodiment, the G. biloba plant material used in step (i) of the method is the same in each repetition of step (i). As those skilled in the art will understand, in this case, the same G. biloba plant material is subjected to several rounds of aqueous extraction. In one particular embodiment, the aqueous extracts used in step (i) are free of particles with a size greater than 0.01 µm, 0.05 µm, 0.1 µm, 0.5 µm, 1 µm, 2 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm, 50 µm, 60 µm, 70 µm, 80 µm, 90 µm, 100 µm, 150 µm, 200 µm, 250 µm, 500 µm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm. In one particular embodiment, they are free of particles with a size greater than 50 µm.Methods for removing particles larger than any of these sizes are well known to the expert in the field and include centrifugation or the use of a sieve with a pore size equal to that of the smallest particle to be removed. In one particular embodiment, step (i) of the method for obtaining an extract of G. biloba is carried out at a temperature of more than 302C, more than 402C, more than 452C, more than 502C, more than 602C, more than 70°C, more than 80°C, more than 90°C, more than 952C, more than 96°C, more than 97°C, more than 982C, more than 992C, more than 1002C, more than 1052C, more than 1102C. In a preferred embodiment, it is carried out at around 302C-1102C, preferably at around 40-1002C. In a particular modality, step (i) of the method for obtaining an extract of G. biloba is carried out for at least 0.5 hours, at least 1 hour, at least 1.5 hours, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 3.5 hours, at least 4 hours, at least 4.5 hours, at least 5 hours, at least 5.5 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 6.5 hours, at least 7 hours, at least 7.5 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 8.5 hours, at least 9 hours, at least 9.5 hours, at least 10 hours, at least 105 hours, at least 11 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 15 hours, at least 18 hours, at least 20 hours, at least 24 hours. In one particular modality, stage (i) of the method is carried out for 0.5-10 hours, 1-5 hours, preferably for 1-3 hours. In one particular embodiment, the amount of activated carbon used in step (i) of the method to obtain an extract of G. biloba is between 0.5-40% (w / w), preferably between 1-20% (w / w) of the dry matter present in the extract. In one particular modality, the removal of activated carbon results in an extract free of activated carbon particles and unprocessed particles with a size greater than at least 0.01 µm, 0.05 µm, 0.15 µm, 0.2 µm, 0.25 µm, 0.3 µm, 0.35 µm, 0.4 µm, 0.45 µm, 0.5 µm, 0.55 µm, 0.6 µm, 0.65 µm, 0.7 µm, 0.75 µm, 0.8 µm, 0.85 µm, 0.9 µm, 0.95 µm, 1 µm, 2 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm, 50 µm, 60 µm, 70 µm, 80 µm, 90 µm, 100 µm, 150 µm, 200 µm, 250 µm, 500 µm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm. In a particular form, they are free of carbon and raw material particles larger than 0.45 µm, 1 µm, 5 µm, or 10 µm, preferably larger than 0.45 µm. Methods for removing particles larger than any of these sizes are well known to those skilled in the art and include centrifugation or the use of a sieve with a pore size matching the smallest particle to be removed. In one particular embodiment, the method for obtaining an extract of G. biloba comprises an additional step (i¡¡) where the aqueous extract obtained in step (i) is concentrated. In one particular embodiment, the extract obtained from step (i) is concentrated until the solid content of the extract is between 1% (w / w) and 90% (w / w), preferably between 5% (w / w) and 8% (w / w), more preferably between 10% (w / w) and 70% (w / w). The term "solid content" is as defined above in the embodiments of the method for obtaining an ursolic acid-rich extract. In one particular embodiment, the extract obtained from step (II) is a liquid extract. In another particular embodiment, the extract obtained in step (II) of the method is dried, such that the extract obtained in step (iii) comprises a water content (w / w) of less than 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, preferably less than 15%, and even more preferably less than 10%. In one particular modality, the extract obtained from step (i) of the method and used in step (iii) is treated to eliminate any bacteria. Such treatments are well known to those skilled in the art. Non-exhaustive examples of such treatments include heat treatment or microfiltration. In one particular embodiment, the G. biloba extract obtained by the method for obtaining a G. biloba extract is as defined in any of the above embodiments. In a particular embodiment, if the composition or kit of parts according to the first aspect of the invention contains or comprises D-pinitol, ursolic acid, and DHA, the weight ratio of the components is a:b:c, where a and b are the weight ratios of D-pinitol and ursolic acid indicated above, and c represents the amount of DHA in the composition or kit of parts and is between 10 and 80, between 20 and 70, between 30 and 60, between 35 and 50, preferably between 35 and 45. In a preferred embodiment, the value of c is selected from the group consisting of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37, 40, 42, 45, 50, 55, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100. In a preferred embodiment, the value c is 40. In a preferred embodiment, if the composition or kit of parts according to the first aspect of the invention contains or comprises D-pinitol, ursolic acid and DHA, the weight ratio of D-pinitol, ursolic acid and DHA in the composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention is about 63.3:7.5:40. If the composition contains D-pinitol, ursolic acid and ginkgo flavonoids, the weight ratio of the components is a:b:d, where a and b are as a and b of the weight ratio of D-pinitol and ursolic acid stated above, and d represents the amount of ginkgo flavonoids in the composition or kit of parts and is between 0.01 and 10, between 0.5 and 5, between 0.7 and 2, between 0.8 and 1.5, preferably between 0.9 and 1.1. In a preferred embodiment, the value of d is selected from the group consisting of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. In a preferred embodiment, the value ó is 1. In a preferred embodiment, if the composition or kit of parts according to the first aspect of the invention contains or comprises D-pinitol, ursolic acid and ginkgo flavonoids, the weight ratio of D-pinitol, ursolic acid and ginkgo flavonoids in the composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention is about 63.3:7.5:1. In one particular embodiment, if the composition or kit of parts according to the first aspect of the invention contains or comprises D-pinitol, ursolic acid, DHA, and ginkgo flavonoids, the weight ratio of the components is a:b:c:d, where a and b are as indicated for the weight ratio of D-pinitol and ursolic acid indicated above, c is as indicated for the weight ratio of D-pinitol, ursolic acid, and DHA indicated above, and d is as indicated for the weight ratio of D-pinitol, ursolic acid, and ginkgo flavonoids indicated immediately before. In a preferred embodiment, if the composition or kit of parts contains D-pinitol, ursolic acid, DHA, and ginkgo flavonoids, the weight ratio of the components is approximately 63.3:7.5:40:1. In one particular embodiment, the composition or kit of parts of the first aspect of the invention further comprises a vehicle. The term "vehicle," as used herein, refers to an excipient, diluent, and / or adjuvant that is useful in preparing a composition, for example, by reducing viscosity, improving solubility, or contributing to the stability of the composition's ingredients, for example, by preventing their denaturation or accumulation during their expected shelf life. The vehicle may comprise or consist of agents such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, or adjuvants that enhance the formulation's efficacy. If the composition is to be administered to a subject, such vehicles must be physiologically tolerable and do not normally produce an allergic or similar adverse reaction, such as gastric disturbances, dizziness, and the like, when administered to a human or animal.Non-exhaustive examples of vehicles include water, saline solutions, alcohol, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, surfactants, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, perfume oil, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, petroetral acid esters, hydroxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin, and the like. It shall be understood that a single vehicle is used in the compositions of the invention, but if the different components are formulated as a kit of parts, each element or part of the kit may be formulated with a vehicle, which may be the same as or different from the vehicles used for the other parts of the kit. The concentration of the vehicle in the composition does not particularly limit the scope of the invention. In one embodiment, the concentration of the vehicle is between 20% and 90% (w / w) of the total weight of the composition. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the vehicle is between 30% and 80% (w / w), between 35% and 75%, between 40% and 70% (w / w), between 45% and 65% (w / w), or between 50% and 60% (w / w). 2. Pharmaceutical compositions In another aspect, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical product comprising the composition according to the invention and a pharmaceutically active vehicle. The term “pharmaceutical composition,” as used herein, refers to any physiologically tolerable composition that does not normally produce an allergic or similar adverse reaction, such as gastric disturbances, dizziness, and the like, when administered to a human or animal. Such a composition comprises at least one pharmaceutically active ingredient and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles. The terms “pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle,” “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient,” “pharmaceutically acceptable diluent,” or “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” are used interchangeably herein and refer to a filler, diluent, encapsulating material, or formulation aid in a solid, semi-solid, or liquid state that is free from any conventional toxicity.A pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle is essentially non-toxic to the recipients at the doses and concentrations used and is compatible with other ingredients in the formulation. Suitable vehicles include, but are not limited to, water, dextrose, glycerol, saline solution, ethanol, and combinations thereof. The vehicle may contain additional agents such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, or adjuvants that enhance the efficacy of the formulation. Adjuvants may be selected from the group consisting of sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, and the like. Water or aqueous saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions are preferably used as vehicles, particularly for injectable solutions.Suitable pharmaceutical vehicles are described in "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences" by EW Martin, 21st edition, 2005. Except to the extent that any conventional vehicle is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in therapeutic or pharmaceutical compositions is contemplated. The pharmaceutical or veterinary product comprises an extract of the invention in a therapeutically effective amount. As used herein, the term "effective amount" is synonymous with "therapeutically effective amount," "effective dose," or "dose with therapeutic efficacy" and, when used in the present invention, refers to the minimum dose of the extract of the invention necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and includes a dose sufficient to reduce at least one symptom of the cognitive disorder. Efficacy in treating the diseases or conditions described herein may be determined by observing an improvement in an individual based on one or more clinical symptoms and / or physiological indicators associated with the condition. An improvement in the diseases or conditions described herein may also be indicated by a reduced need for concurrent therapy. A person skilled in the art can determine a therapeutically effective amount of the compositions of the invention by determining the unit dose. As used herein, a "unit dose" refers to the amount of the composition of the invention or the kit of parts required to produce a response of 50 percent of the maximum effect (i.e., ED50). The unit dose can be evaluated by extrapolating from dose-response curves derived from animal model or in vitro evaluation systems. The amount of compounds in the compositions of the present invention that will be effective in treating a particular disorder or condition will depend on the nature of the disorder or condition and can be determined by conventional clinical techniques. (See, for example, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics by Goodman and Gilman, Joel G. Harman, and Lee E. Limbird, Eds.); McGraw Hill, New York, 2001; The Physician's Desk Reference, Medical Economics Company, Inc., Oradell,. NJ, 1995 and Drug Facts and Comparisons, Facts and Comparisons, Inc., St. Louis, MO, 1993). The precise dosage to be used in the formulation will also depend on the route of administration and the severity of the disease or disorder, and should be decided according to the physician's judgment and the individual patient's circumstances. Various patterns of administration will be evident to those skilled in the technique. Furthermore, when using repeated administration of the extract of the invention, an effective amount of the extract of the invention will also depend on factors, including, but not limited to, the frequency of administration, the half-life of the extract of the invention, or any combination thereof. The dosage intervals for administering the compositions of the present invention are sufficiently wide to produce the desired therapeutic effect. Preferably, the compositions according to the present invention are administered once or more times daily on a regular basis. A typical dose administered to a human is between approximately 1 mg and approximately 10 g of the composition, preferably between 1 mg and 1 g of the composition. The compositions provided herein may be administered to a subject by several suitable methods known in the art. Examples of suitable methods include: (1) intramuscular, intradermal, intraepidermal, or subcutaneous administration, (2) oral administration, and (3) topical application (such as ocular, intranasal, and intravaginal application). However, in a preferred embodiment, the compositions are formulated for oral administration. In some formulations, the preferred route of administration for the compositions provided herein is oral. In such cases, the oral composition is formulated, for example, as tablets, pills, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, syrups or elixirs, pastes, gels, or the like. Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any known method, and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweeteners, flavoring agents, coloring agents, and preservatives in order to provide pharmaceutically appealing and palatable compositions. Tablets may contain the active ingredient(s) mixed with pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic excipients suitable for tablet manufacture.These excipients may be, for example, inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate, or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch or alginic acid; binding agents, such as starch, gelatin, or gum arabic; and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, or talc. The tablets may be uncoated or coated using techniques known to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and, therefore, Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi provide sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time-delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate can be used. They can also be coated for controlled delivery. For example, a "delayed-release" dosage form releases a product or substance at a time other than immediately after administration. Examples of delayed-release systems include repeat-action tablets and capsules, and enteric-coated tablets where programmed release is achieved by means of a barrier coating. The compositions of the present invention can also be formulated for oral use as hard gelatin capsules, where the active ingredient(s) are mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or soft gelatin capsules where the active ingredient(s) are mixed with water or an oily medium, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil. The compositions of the present invention can be formulated as aqueous suspensions where the active ingredient(s) are mixed with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.These excipients are suspending agents, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tragacanth gum, and gum arabic; the dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally occurring phosphatide such as lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example, polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long-chain aliphatic alcohols, for example, heptadecaethyleneoxyethanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylsorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example, polyethylene sorbitan monooleate.Aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin. The compositions of the present invention can be formulated as oil suspensions by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example, peanut oil, olive oil, sesame oil, or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil, such as liquid paraffin. The oil suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example, beeswax, hard paraffin, or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents, such as those mentioned above, and flavoring agents can be added to provide a palatable oral composition. These compositions can be preserved by the addition of an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid. The compositions of the present invention can be formulated as dispersible powders and granules suitable for forming an aqueous suspension by adding water. The active ingredient in these powders and granules is provided mixed with a dispersing or wetting agent, a suspending agent, and one or more preservatives. Examples of suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents include those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, such as sweeteners, flavorings, and colorings, may also be present. The compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oil phase may be a vegetable oil, for example, olive oil or peanut oil, or a mineral oil, for example, liquid paraffin, or a mixture thereof. Suitable emulsifying agents may be gums of natural origin, for example, gum arabic or tragacanth gum, phosphatides of natural origin, for example, soybean oil, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example, sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example, polyoxyethylsorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents. The compositions of the invention can also be formulated as syrups and elixirs. The syrups and elixirs can be formulated with sweetening agents, for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, or sucrose. These formulations can also contain a demulcent, a preservative, and flavoring and coloring agents. Demulcents are protective agents used primarily to relieve irritation, particularly in mucous membranes or worn tissues. Several chemical substances possess demulcent properties. These substances include alginates, mucilages, gums, dextrins, starches, certain sugars, and polymeric polyhydric glycols. Others include gum arabic, agar, benzoin, carbomer, gelatin, glycerin, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, propylene glycol, sodium alginate, tragacanth, hydrogels, and the like. Liquid-based oral dosage forms, like their solid counterparts, may, in certain formulations, contain at least 0.1 mg of a provided extract. A person skilled in the art may appropriately formulate a liquid formulation containing an adequate amount of a provided extract per fluid ounce, depending on the additive or vehicle selected. Suitable formulations for oral administration include tablets and lozenges comprising an extract in a flavored base, such as sucrose, acacia, or tragacanth; and lozenges comprising the extract in an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia. 3. Food and dietary supplements In another aspect, the invention relates to a food or dietary supplement comprising the composition of the invention and a nutritionally acceptable vehicle. As used herein, the term "food supplement" or "dietary supplement" refers to concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances derived from edible products, intended to supplement the normal diet. Food supplements or dietary supplements according to the present invention include functional food compositions (i.e., foods, beverages, animal feed, or pet food, or a food, beverage, animal feed, or pet food supplement), nutritional supplements, fragrances or flavorings, oenological formulations, or cosmetic formulations. In general, the terms "food supplement" or "dietary supplement" may also mean: (i) A product intended to supplement the diet that carries or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: [A] a vitamin, [B] a mineral, [C] an herb or other botanical, [D] an amino acid, [E] a dietary substance for use by a person to supplement the diet by increasing total dietary intake; or (F) a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or a combination of any ingredient described in clause (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E); or (ii) A product that (A) is intended for ingestion; (B) is not represented for use as a conventional food or as the sole element of a meal or diet; and (C) is labelled as a dietary supplement. The "food supplement" or "dietary supplement" according to the present invention is normally administered orally and provided in conjunction with a subject's diet. It can take many different forms, including tablets, capsules, liquid suspensions, dry powder, wet composition, dry tube feeding, or wet tube feeding. It can be provided as a nutritional formulation, e.g., medical food, e.g., in the form of a tube feed, or as an oral nutritional supplement as a complete meal, as part of a meal, as a food additive, as a powder for dissolution, e.g., health drinks, as a solution, as a prepared beverage, including juices, smoothies, drinkable yogurts, shakes, or soy-based drinks, in bar form, or dispersed in foods of any kind, such as baked goods, cereal bars, milk bars, snacks, soups, breakfast cereals, muesli, sweets, cookies, or cakes. The term “nutritionally acceptable vehicle,” as used herein, refers to a vehicle, as defined above, that is edible and intended for the preparation of solutions for oral administration. Typical nutritionally acceptable vehicles, diluents, and excipients will be familiar to those skilled in the art. Non-exhaustive examples of such vehicles are provided in U.S. patents 6,258,846, 6,576,666, and 7,112,609. The amount of the composition present in nutraceutical compositions, dietary or food products for humans or animals (such as functional food compositions, i.e., food, beverages, feed, or pet food, or pet food, beverages, feed, or dietary supplements), nutritional supplements, fragrances or flavorings, pharmaceutical products (pharmaceutical compositions or formulations), veterinary compositions, oenological or cosmetic formulations will vary depending on the application. Typically, the amount of composition present in the food supplement or dietary supplement will be from approximately 0.001 to approximately 50 percent by weight of the nutraceutical composition, dietary or food product, nutritional supplement, fragrance or flavoring, or oenological product, such as from approximately 0.01 to approximately 10 percent, or from approximately 0.1 to 1 percent. 4. Medical uses In another aspect, the invention relates to the composition or kit of parts according to the invention, to the pharmaceutical product of the invention, or to the food or dietary supplement according to the invention, for medicinal use. In another aspect, the invention relates to the composition or kit of parts according to the invention, to the pharmaceutical product of the invention, or to the food or dietary supplement according to the invention, for use in the prevention and / or treatment of a cognitive disorder. As used herein, the term “cognitive disorder” or “neurocognitive disorder” refers to a disorder or illness characterized by impairment in at least one cognitive function, resulting in a reduced capacity to perform that function. The term “cognitive function” refers to the capabilities developed through cognition, or mental abilities. The DSM-5 defines six key domains of cognitive function: executive function, learning and memory, perceptual-motor function, language, complex attention, and social cognition. Therefore, cognitive disorders refer to a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities, including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving.Neurocognitive disorders include delirium and mild and major neurocognitive disorder (formerly known as "dementia"). Non-exhaustive examples of cognitive disorders include Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal degeneration, Huntington's disease, Lewy body dementia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), prion disease, and dementia / neurocognitive problems caused by HIV infection. In a preferred modality, the cognitive disorder is selected from the group consisting of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. The term "mild cognitive impairment (MCI)," as used herein, refers to a term well-known to experts in the field. It describes a neurological disorder that occurs in older adults (approximately 15-20% of people aged 65 and over) involving cognitive impairment with minimal impairment in instrumental activities of daily living. MCI involves the onset and progression of cognitive decline beyond what is expected based on an individual's age and education, but which is not significant enough to interfere with their daily activities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), MCI is diagnosed by the presence of impairment in one or more cognitive domains without meeting the diagnostic criteria for dementia. It can be classified as amnestic MCI and non-amnestic MCI.Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a decline in memory function, such that the person forgets important information that they would previously have easily recalled, for example, appointments, conversations, or recent events. Non-amnestic MCI is characterized by the loss of cognitive abilities other than memory, such as the ability to make sound decisions, determine the timing or sequence of steps needed to complete a complex task, or visual perception. As used herein, the expression "Alzheimer's disease," "Alzheimer's," or "AD" refers to a disease well known to experts in the field. AD is characterized by a progressive pattern of cognitive and functional decline. In the early stages of the disease, the patient may simply exhibit brief memory loss and subtle problems with executive functions such as attention, planning, flexibility, and abstract thinking, or impairments in semantic memory (the recall of meanings and relationships between concepts). As the disease progresses, memory problems worsen, along with a decline in language, reading, and writing skills, as well as in the coordination of motor sequences. In advanced stages, patients become completely dependent on caregivers, as they may lose the ability to speak entirely and experience muscle wasting and reduced mobility that prevents them from feeding themselves. The term "dementia," as used herein, refers to the term commonly known to those skilled in the art. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dementia is a syndrome, usually chronic or progressive in nature, in which there is a decline in cognitive function beyond what would be expected with normal aging. It affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning ability, language, and reasoning. Consciousness is not affected. The decline in cognitive function is often accompanied by, and sometimes preceded by, a decline in emotional control and social behavior. Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi or motivation. Dementia results from a variety of diseases and injuries that primarily or secondarily affect the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form and may contribute to 60-70% of cases. Other important forms include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia (abnormal protein buildup within nerve cells), and a group of diseases that contribute to frontotemporal dementia (degeneration of the brain's frontal lobe). The term “Parkinson’s disease” or “PD,” as used herein, refers to the term commonly known to those skilled in the art. It is a long-term, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that primarily affects the motor system. The earliest and most obvious symptoms of the disease are tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty walking. Problems with reasoning and behavior may also occur. Dementia becomes common in the later stages of the disease. Depression and anxiety are also common, occurring in more than one-third of people with PD. Other symptoms include sensory, sleep, and emotional problems. Depending on the disorder and the individual being treated, as well as the route of administration, the compositions of the invention can be administered in varying doses (i.e., therapeutically effective doses administered to a patient in need). In this regard, the person skilled in this art will realize that the dose administered to a mammal, particularly a human, in the context of the present invention should be sufficient to generate a therapeutic response in the mammal for a reasonable period of time.The expert in the technique will realize that the selection of the exact dose and composition and the most appropriate delivery regimen will also be influenced by, among other things, the pharmacological properties of the formulation, the nature and severity of the condition being treated and the physical condition and mental acuity of the recipient, as well as the age, status, body weight, sex and response of the patient to be treated, and the stage / severity of the disease. The subject to be treated is a mammal, preferably a human being. The subject to be treated according to the invention can be selected based on various criteria associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as imaging methods or behavioral tests. In one embodiment, the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product, or food or dietary supplement for use according to the present invention comprises the administration of multiple doses of the composition. In yet another embodiment, the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product, or food or dietary supplement is administered for at least 2 days, at least 4 days, at least 6 days, at least one week, at least two weeks, at least three weeks, or at least one month. In some embodiments, the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product, or food or dietary supplement for use according to the present invention is administered for a period of time followed by a period of time during which the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product, or food or dietary supplement is not administered.In one modality, the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product, or food or dietary supplement follows a 5+2 supply pattern; that is, the product is supplied for five days, followed by two days without supply. Those skilled in the art will recognize that initial indications of the appropriate therapeutic dose of the compositions of the invention can be determined in in vitro and in vivo animal model systems and in human clinical trials. A person skilled in the art would know how to use animal studies and human experience to identify a dosage that can be safely administered without causing toxicity or other adverse effects. For acute treatment where substantial restoration of cognitive function is desirable, it is preferable that the therapeutic dose be close to the maximum tolerated dose. For chronic preventive use, lower doses may be appropriate due to concerns about long-term effects. Alternatively, the composition of the present invention may be administered at least once daily in combination with a drug prescribed for the indication to be treated. For example, when the composition or kit of parts according to the present invention is for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the composition or kit of parts is administered together with a drug for Alzheimer's disease. Suitable drugs for Alzheimer's disease include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g.,, tacrine, also known as tetrahydroaminoacridine (THAj; rivastigmine; donepezil; galantamine; carbamates; physostigmine; neostigmine; pyridostigmine; ambenonium; demecarium; phenanthrene derivatives; caffeine: non-competitive (also an adenosine receptor antagonist); rosmarinic acid: ester of caffeic acid found in plant species of the Lamiaceae family; alpha-pinene: reversible non-competitive; piperidines; edrophonium; huperzine A; ladostigyl; ungeremin; lactucopicrin), NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine), gamma-secretase inhibitors (e.g., semagacestat, ELND006, avagacestat, begacestat, NIC5-15 and CHF-5074, MK8931, LY2886721, AZD3293, LY3314814, E2609), antibodies directed against Abeta (bapineuzumab, solanezumab, gantenerumab, crenezumab, aducanumab, crenezumab, ponezumab, GSK933776 and BAN-2401, a human polyclonal Abeta antibody or immunoglobulin treatments (such as, e.g.Gammagard(R), Flebogamma(R)), agents directed against the tau protein (e.g., a tau hyperphosphorylation inhibitor (such as LMTX), epothilone D, TPI-287, a tau vaccine (such as AADvacI or ACI-35), and a GSK-3beta inhibitor (such as tideglusib, intranasal humulin R, or intranasal glulizine). For example, when the composition or kit of parts according to the present invention is for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the composition or kit of parts is administered together with a medicament for Parkinson's disease. Suitable medicaments for Parkinson's disease include therapeutic agents for synucleinopathy such as glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors (e.g., GZ667161), iron chelating agents, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), myeloperodixase inhibitors (e.g., AZD3241), aphytopes (e.g., AFFITOPE PD01A, AFFITOPE PD03A), and antibodies against synuclein (e.g., PRX002, BIIB054). Other medications suitable for Parkinson's disease include levodopa, carbidopa, entacapone, ropinirole, rotigotine, pramipexole, bromocriptine, rasagiline, selegiline, amantadine, and trihexphenidyl. For example, when the composition or kit of parts according to the present invention is for use in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the composition or kit of parts is administered together with a medicament for MCI, with a non-pharmacological treatment, or with a therapy suitable for a condition known to affect mental functioning. Medications suitable for MCI include cholinesterase inhibitors. Non-pharmacological treatments suitable for MCI include regular exercise and cognitive training. Therapies suitable for conditions known to affect mental functioning include therapies for high blood pressure, therapies for depression, and / or therapies for sleep apnea. While the compositions of the invention can be administered in this manner, the invention also contemplates the possibility that at least one of the components of the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical composition, or food or dietary supplement may be administered separately from the other components of the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product, or food or dietary supplement. In one embodiment, D-pinitol or the plant extract enriched with D-pinitol is administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In another embodiment, ursolic acid from the hydroalcoholic extract of a plant product rich in ursolic acid is administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In another embodiment, the DHA or fatty acid composition comprising DHA is administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts.In another modality, ginkgo flavonoids or Ginkgo biloba extract are administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In another form, D-pinitol or the plant extract enriched in D-pinitol and ursolic acid or the hydroalcoholic extract of a plant product rich in ursolic acid are administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In another embodiment, D-pinitol or the plant extract enriched in D-pinitol and the composition of DHA or fatty acids comprising DHA are administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In another form, D-pinitol or the plant extract enriched in D-pinitol and ginkgo flavonoids or Ginkgo biloba extract are administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In another embodiment, ursolic acid or the hydroalcoholic extract of a plant product rich in ursolic acid and the composition of DHA or fatty acids comprising DHA are administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In another modality, the DHA or fatty acid composition comprising DHA and ginkgo flavonoids or Ginkgo biloba extract is administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In another embodiment, D-pinitol or the plant extract enriched in D-pinitol, ursolic acid or the hydroalcoholic extract of a plant product rich in ursolic acid and the composition of DHA or fatty acids comprising DHA are administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In another embodiment, ursolic acid or the hydroalcoholic extract of a plant product rich in ursolic acid, the DHA or fatty acid composition comprising DHA and ginkgo flavonoids or Ginkgo biloba extract are administered separately from the other components of the composition or kit of parts. In the event that the composition of the invention is provided as a kit of parts, the different parts of the kit can be administered separately or, alternatively, can be combined prior to administration. In another embodiment, the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product, or food or dietary supplement for use according to the present invention is administered in the following daily doses: (i) about 150 mg / day of ursolic acid-rich plant extract (ii) about 480 mg / day of DHA-rich fatty acids; (iii) about 500 mg / day of Ginkgo Biloba extract, and / or (iv) about 200 mg / day of D-pinitol. In another embodiment, the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product, or food or dietary supplement for use according to the present invention is administered in the following doses per kg of the patient: (i) about 2.5 mg / kg of ursolic acid-rich plant extract, (ii) about 8 mg / kg of DHA-rich fatty acid composition, (iii) about 8.33 mg / kg of Ginkgo Biloba extract; and / or (iv) about 3.33 mg / kg of D-pinitol. The invention is shown in the following examples, which are merely illustrative and not exhaustive of the scope of the invention. EXAMPLES Preparation of biological extracts Preparation of a natural extract rich in ursolic acid A natural extract with a high ursolic acid content is produced through a process comprising: (i) Provide the source material, which consists of leaves from plants of the Lamiaceae family (e.g., Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, etc.). In addition, other sources with a high ursolic acid content can also be used, such as seaweed or the fruit peels of Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Vaccinium, Prunus, etc. (i) Extraction of the fresh or dried raw material with a hydroalcoholic mixture having an alcohol content of between 10 and 96% at a temperature of approximately between 40 and 100 °C for 1-10 hours. The process may also include several stages of leaf extraction with an equal or different alcohol content, by combining the hydroalcoholic extracts obtained to continue the process. (iii) Separation of the hydroalcoholic extract from the raw material using any separation methodology that results in an extract free of particles larger than 50-100 micrometers. (iv) Treatment of the hydroalcoholic extract with activated carbon at 40-100 °C for 1-4 hours. The dose of activated carbon is between 1-20% (w / w) of the dry matter present in the extract. (v) Separation of the hydroalcoholic extract from the activated carbon by using any separation methodology that results in an extract free of activated carbon particles and raw material particles with a size of more than 0.45-10 micrometers. (vi) Treatment of the aqueous extract by microfiltration or heat treatment to control any possible microbial load. (vii) Concentration of the aqueous extract obtained until the solids content is between 5 and 50% (w / v). During this phase, an insoluble precipitate is generated in the concentrated extract. (viii) Separation of the precipitate by means of a separation method that separates the oczonn / zznz / E / YiAi precipitate generated from the supernatant. (x) The wet precipitate is dried using any drying method that results in a solid product with a moisture content of less than 10-15% (w / w). (x) The extract obtained by the methodology has a triterpene content of 5-95% (w / w), of which 5-90% (w / w) is composed of ursolic acid. This methodology stands out for being simple, affordable, and for obtaining the desired product with a high ursolic acid content and a ratio of between 5 and 40 with respect to the raw material. Preparation of a Ginkgo Biloba extract Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts are prepared through a process comprising the following steps: (a) Extraction of fresh or dried green Ginkgo biloba leaves with water at a temperature of approximately 40-100 °C for 1-20 hours. The process may also include several stages of leaf extraction, by combining the aqueous extracts obtained to continue the process. (b) Separation of the aqueous extract and glngko leaves by any separation methodology that results in an aqueous extract free of leaf particles larger than 50-100 micrometers. (c) Treatment of the aqueous extract with activated carbon at 40-100 °C for 1-3 hours. The dose of activated carbon is between 1-20% (w / w) of the dry matter present in the extract. (d) Separation of the aqueous extract and the activated carbon raw material by using any separation methodology that results in an aqueous extract free of activated carbon particles and leaf particles larger than 0.45-10 micrometers. (e) Treatment of the aqueous extract with microfiltration or heat treatment to control any possible microbial load. (f) Concentration of the extract obtained until the solids content is between 10 and 70%. (g) Optional drying of the concentrated aqueous extract by using any drying method that results in a solid product with a moisture content of less than 10-15% (w / w). The method described above yields an extract containing 0.5–15% (w / w) ginkgo flavonoids and less than 0.01–1% (w / w) terpene lactone. This method is notable for using water as the sole extraction solvent. It is inexpensive and produces the desired product at a ratio of 2 to 8 relative to the raw material. Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi Preparation of a D-pinitol rich extract A natural extract with a high content of D-pinitol can be prepared by a process essentially as described in European patent application EP1241155-A1. The process comprises: (i) Provide the source material consisting of dried carob pods (ii) Grind the carob pods to obtain a pulp (iii) Extract the carob pulp with water between 10°C and 70°C with a slightly acidic pH to obtain an extract between 30 and 50 µS Brix (iv) Press the pulp to remove the retained water (v) Filter the raw juice and pass the filtrate through a strong cation resin to remove most of the calcium and magnesium ions (vi) Treat the aqueous extract by microfiltration or ultrafiltration to control any possible microbial load (vii) Concentrate the syrup to around 60 µS Brix (viii) Invert the sucrose in the syrup either by an enzymatic method or by an acid method using a cation resinsuch as the RPI resin (ix) The syrup at a concentration of 20-302Brix is ​​demineralized and decolorized by passing it successively through strong cationic resins (H) and then through strong anionic resins (OH), until a composition with a conductivity of less than 10 μΩ and a color of less than 25 Icumsa at 420 nm is obtained (x) Fractionation of the demineralized and decolorized syrup by means of a strong cation exchange resin, preferably by using the ISMB technique (continuous chromatographic separation). The separation is normally carried out from a carob syrup of approximately 60eBrix using 4 m3 of UBK 530 resin at a feed rate of 0.038 L / h with a W / F of 3,750 v / v and a P / R of 2,166 v / v, a temperature of 65°C, and with a feed capacity of 2.07 T / D and a pinitol fraction capacity of 0.36 T / D. (x¡) Demineralization and decolorization of the pinitol fraction thus obtained which contains 44.2% salts. The resulting composition contains 90% pinitol, 5% glucose and 5% fructose, and is concentrated and crystallized by the addition of ethanol. The extract obtained using the methodology has a pinitol content of 85% (w / w) with a specific rotational power of (+) 64 and a moisture content of 2%. Alternatively, pinitol can be extracted from inverted, demineralized, and bleached carob syrup using a strong anionic resin. In this case, the method requires the Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi stages (i) to (ix) as described above, followed by: ( x) Fractionation of the demineralized and bleached syrup of approximately 25eBrix and a composition of 35% pinitol, 27% glucose, 37% fructose and 0.4% non-sugars through 250 mL or SA 11 A resin, contained in a column 2 cm in diameter and 100 cm high at a rate of 10 mL / min and with elution with demineralized water at a temperature of 6°C. (x¡) Mix the positive Brix fractions and concentrate the mixture ( xii) Crystallization of the concentrated mixture with ethanol. The extract obtained using the methodology has a pinitol content of 91% (w / w) with a specific rotational power of (+) 63 and a moisture content of 2.5%. Methods related to the zebrafish model Subjects and composition of the test The species chosen for the trial was the AB strain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in its natural state. The fish were exposed to 5 compositions (C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5), each at a single dose, where these compositions are: • Compound C1 • Compound C2 • Compound C3: D-pinitol; RS=98.58; pinitol=93.29% w / w • Compound C4: sage extract • Compound C5: The following table summarizes the conditions of the experiment: Compound Weight (mg) DMSO (solvent, PL) Stock solution (mg / L) Solubility Working solution (mg / L) C1 5.6 56 100,000 soluble 100 C2 4.8 48 100,000 soluble 100 C3 4.8 48 100,000 soluble 100 C4 4.6 46 100,000 soluble 100 C4 1.7 170 10,000 soluble 10 C5 4.7 47 100,000 soluble 100 Table 1. Table showing the compound code, compound weight and DMSO volume required to prepare the stock solution, the solution condition and the final concentration evaluated. All compounds were initially evaluated at a concentration of 100 mg / L. However, in the first test, at this concentration, compound C4 induced a 100% mortality rate in the larvae. Therefore, two further tests were conducted in which all compounds were evaluated at 100 mg / L, except for C4, which was evaluated at a concentration of 10 mg / L. Once obtained, the embryos were placed in a Petri dish with 50 mL of dilution solution (DS) and reared for 5 days post-fertilization (DPF), which is considered the larval stage. Only larvae without any external abnormalities were used for the assay. Then, using a Pasteur pipette, the larvae were transferred to a 24-well microplate, with each well containing five larvae, making ten replicates per condition. First, the pre-treatment of the 5 DPF larvae was carried out.For this purpose, the larvae were incubated in a volume of 2 mL of physostigmine (PHYS, a commercial AChE inhibitor) and the test compounds at 26 ± 1 °C for 1 hour. The larval medium was then changed, and the larvae were incubated with PHYS, PTZ, and the other compounds combined with PTZ for 6 hours at 26 ± 1 °C. After this incubation period, all larvae were examined, and their overall condition was found to be completely normal, with no visible abnormalities or abnormal behavior. Finally, the larvae were processed to analyze AChE activity. Reference groups were used in parallel, which were placed in untreated embryos. Determination of AChE levels: Once the experimental period was over, the larvae were processed to determine AChE levels. The larvae were mechanically homogenized and the samples were centrifuged to obtain the supernatant, which was used to determine AChE enzyme levels according to the administered treatments. In addition, the total protein of each experimental group was determined according to the normalization process. Finally, the AChE levels determined in the reference group were taken as a reference measure, considering them to be 100%. Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi Type of samples used in the COMPOUND study group Reference Dilution solution (DS) with DMSO (0.1%) PTZ PTZ 5 mm in DS with DMSO (0.1%) PHYS physostigmine 20 pm with DMSO (0.1%) PTZ + C1 PTZ 5 mm + C1 in DS with DMSO (0.1%) PTZ + C2 PTZ 5 mm + C2 on DS with DMSO (0.1%) PTZ + C3 PTZ 5 mm + C3 on DS with DMSO (0.1%) PTZ + C4 PTZ 5 mm + C4 on DS with DMSO (0.1%) PTZ + C5 PTZ 5 mm + C5 on DS with DMSO (0.1%) Methods related to the SAMP8 mouse model Subjects of the experiment The experimental procedure described here was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of the University of Barcelona and the Generalitat (n.s222 / 18). Female mice of the SAMR1 and SAMP8 strains were used, born between December 2018 and January 2019 at the facilities of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Barcelona. The animals were divided into 3 experimental groups, where treatment began at 5 months of age; behavioral assessment was conducted using an Open Field Test (OFT), an Object Recognition Test (NORT), and an Object Location Test (OLT) after 8 weeks of treatment. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized for sample collection. SAMR1 reference group (n=10). SAMP8 reference group (n=10). Group of SAMP8 treated (n=12). Treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract, ursolic acid-rich plant extract (such as Ursolia®), D-pinitol and a fatty acid composition with 25% DHA According to the protocol, female mice were treated orally via a gastric tube with a combination of extracts and DHA (product) from Biosearch SA. The extracts were dissolved in 40% hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin. The extract concentration was calculated according to the animals' weight to achieve the specified dose, shown in Table 1. Dose Concentration mg / kg mg / day mg / mL DHA 98.4 1.97 4 Gingko 102.5 2.05 4 Ursolia- 30.75 0.62 2 D-pinitol 41 0.82 2 Table 1. Concentration and dose relationship for each extract The treatment with the product lasted 8 weeks with a 5+2 administration pattern; that is, the product was administered for five days, followed by two days without administration. The product was administered during the days of the behavioral test, and the animals were sacrificed three days after the last behavioral test. They received two daily administrations via a feeding tube, one of DHA and the second of Ginkgo biloba extract, Ursolia®, and pinitol (Fig. 1). Open field test (OFT) The open field test (Fig. 2) is a classic behavioral pattern test in which the animal is exposed to a novel, open, and brightly lit environment (Seibenhener ML and Wooten MC, 2015 J Vis Exp.;96:e52434). Its behavior in this space is determined by the balance between the animal's natural interest in the new space (exploratory behavior) and its fear of unfamiliar, open, and brightly lit spaces (fear / anxiety). The apparatus consisted of a white wooden box (50 x 50 x 25 cm high). The light intensity at the center of the field was 30 ix. The mouse was placed in the center of the apparatus, and its behavior was assessed for 5 minutes.The variables measured were total horizontal locomotor activity (total distance, number of line crossings) and vertical locomotor activity (backing up or number of times the rodent stood on its hind legs), and variables associated with emotionality: time spent in the center, time spent on the edge, distance in the central area, distance in the peripheral area, time spent in the center (%), time spent on the edge (%), number of defecations, and number of urinations. The objective of the tasks was to obtain a video for subsequent analysis, recorded with SMARTOver 3.0 (PanLab, SLU, Spain). Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) The NORT paradigm (Fig. 3) is a widely used explicit memory test. This behavioral test takes advantage of two characteristics of rodents: their natural tendency to explore a novel object, which has no particular significance for the animal and has never been associated with reinforcement, and their innate preference for investigating a novel object over a familiar one (Ennaceur A et al., 1988, Behav Brain Res. 31:47-59). In the NORT test, mice were placed in a black maze consisting of two L-shaped branches, 25 cm long, 20 cm high, and 5 cm wide. The brightness of the light in the center of the field was 30 ix. Various plastic objects were used. For the first three days, the mice were familiarized with the maze for 10 minutes. On the fourth day, the mice were subjected to the investigation of a duplicate object located at each end of one branch of the maze.Two hours later for the short-term memory test or 24 hours later for the long-term memory test, a 10-minute retention test was conducted. During the second test, a novel object was placed at one end of the maze branch that the mice had not previously explored, and the number of times the animal investigated the novel object (TN) and the previous object (TA) was recorded. This was done to calculate the discrimination index (DI), which was defined as (TN-TA) / (TN+TA). To avoid object preference, objects A and B were balanced so that half of the mice in each experimental group were exposed first to object A and then to object B, while the other half were exposed first to object B and then to object A. The maze and objects were cleaned with 70% ethanol after each test to remove olfactory cues.The NORT trial began on the first Friday after completing the first week of treatment at 9:30-15:30. Object Location Test (OLT). The Object Location Test (OLT) assesses cognitive deficits, specifically spatial memory and discrimination (Hattiangady B et al., 2014, Front Behav Neurosci. 8:78). This task exploits the ability of rodents to recognize when an object has been relocated and is inherently stress-free. The test was conducted over four days in a wooden box (50 x 50 x 25 cm) with four white walls and one marked with a black and white square pattern. On the first day, the box was empty, and the animals were habituated to the OFT cage for 10 minutes. On the second day, two objects were placed on the patterned wall, equidistant from each other and from the wall. The objects were 10 cm tall and identical in size. The animals were placed in the center of the cage and allowed to investigate the objects and their surroundings for 10 minutes.The mice were then returned to their cages, and the OLT apparatus was cleaned with 70% ethanol. On the third day, an object was moved across the opposite white wall to assess spatial memory (Fig. 4). The tests were recorded with a camera mounted in the work area, and the total investigation time was determined by recording the amount of time (in seconds) spent sniffing the object in the new location (new) and the object in the previous location (previous). To analyze cognitive performance, a location index (%) was calculated using the following method: (Tnew x 100) / (Tnew + Tanprevious), where Tnew is the time spent sniffing the object in the new position and Tanprevious is the time spent investigating the object in the previous location. Sample collection procedure Three days after the final behavioral test, the animals were euthanized by dislocation of the cervical vertebrae. The brain was dissected and immediately frozen in dry ice and stored at -80 °C, becoming available to Biosearch SA. Analysis of the results of the open field test, the object recognition test, and the object location test To analyze the tests performed, all familiarization, retention, and memory tests, as well as the mice's activity during the open field test, were recorded. These were then manually analyzed according to the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for each procedure, which are included as an appendix to this report. Statistical analysis To assess potential significant differences between the study groups, a one-way ANOVA was performed with Tukey's post-hoc multiple comparison test to compare the three treatment groups. Additionally, the Student's t-test was used to compare the SAMP8 control group with the treated SAMP8 group when a clear trend was observed but not statistically significant according to Dunnett's test. Prior to statistical analysis, Grubbs' test was performed to identify outliers with a 90% confidence level. For graphical representation, data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (mean ± SEM). Differences identified by the Student's t-test were considered significant with a p-value <0.05 and are indicated with an asterisk (*), followed by one, two, or three additional stars depending on the p-value (* p <0.01, ** p <0.001, and *** p <0.0001).The statistical analysis program GraphPad 8.0 was used for the statistical analysis and graphs. Methods related to the C. elegans mouse model 1.1. Compounds The evaluated doses were established according to the previous study of Biosearch SA extracts in mice with a tendency toward accelerated senescence 8 (SAMP8), a mouse model of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LAAD), maintaining and organizing the evaluated dose range found in the literature review (1-10). A lower concentration than the demonstrated effective concentration was chosen for each compound. In the case of the drug response study in the oxidative tolerance assay, a higher concentration, close to the published effective dose, was also evaluated. Regarding the mixture composition, the proportions of each compound were established in light of previous work that reported the synergistic effect in mice. Stock concentrations of Biosearch SA extracts were prepared in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DIVISO). The stock solutions were then diluted in MiliQ ddH2O, obtaining the evaluated dilutions at a maximum DMSO concentration of 1%, and stored at -20°C. Qczonn / zznz / E / YiAi Extract Doses evaluated (mg / L) Assay DHA 65.7 OS 49.3 OS, shelf life, Aβ accumulation, chemotaxis Gingko 59.4 OS 50.9 OS, shelf life, Aβ accumulation, chemotaxis Pinitol 24.3 OS 20.4 OS, shelf life, Aβ accumulation, chemotaxis Ursolia® 22.8 OS 16.0 OS, shelf life, Aβ accumulation, chemotaxis Mixture Comp. Ratio Final Doses (mg / L) OS, shelf life, Aβ accumulation, chemotaxis DHA 36.1 49.3 Gingko 37.3 50.9 Pinitol 14.9 20.4 Ursolia® 11.7 16.0 1.2. Maintenance and treatment of C. elegans The natural N2 strain of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), the transgenic strain CL2006, the transgenic strain CL2355, and the reference strain CL2122 were used. Conventional methods were used to culture and observe C. elegans. N2 was propagated at 20°C, while CL2006, CL2355, and CL2122 were maintained at 16°C in a temperature-controlled incubator in solid nematode growth medium (NGM) containing the OP50 strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a food source. To obtain an age-synchronized egg population, gravid adults were treated with alkaline hypochlorite solution (0.5 M NaOH, ~2.6% NaClO) for 5–7 min. The fertilized eggs were suspended in medium S for 12 hours and the L1 larvae were allowed to hatch overnight in the absence of food. In most cases, drug assays were performed in a 96-well plate format, in liquid culture, and treated for 4 days at 20°C. Each well contained a final volume of 60 pL, comprising 25–30 L1-stage animals, Biosearch SA extracts at appropriate doses, and OP50 that were inactivated by lyophilization cycles and suspended in complete S medium to a final OD595 of 0.9–0.8 measured by microplate reader. For the chemotaxis assay, CL2355 with synchronization and its reference CL2122 were treated with Biosearch SA products in fresh NGM plates onto which inactivated E. coli was placed, starting at the L1 stage. They were cultured at 162°C for 36 hours and then at 23°C for another 36 hours. 1.3. Oxidative tolerance test To investigate sensitivity to oxidative stress after treatment with Biosearch SA products, N2-treated adults were transferred to plates containing 6.2 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide (Sigma) on NGM agar. The worms were incubated on these plates at 20 °C for 2 h. The worms were then transferred to fresh NGM plates containing OP50 and no t-butyl hydroperoxide. The worms were observed 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h post-intervention and were classified as dead when they did not respond to repeated pricking with a spike. 1.4. Chemotaxis assay The nematodes were collected after their respective treatments and washed with M9. In summary, the assay was performed on plates with NGM at 100 mm. Ten percent of an odorant (0.5% benzaldehyde in 96% ethanol) was added along with 1 M sodium azide to the "attractant" spot. On the opposite side, ten percent of a reference odorant (96% ethanol) was added along with 1 M sodium azide. Immediately afterward, 50–60 worms were placed in the center of the plate. The assay plates were incubated at 23°C for 1 hour, and the chemotaxis index (IQ) was calculated as follows: IQ = (number of worms in the attractant - number of worms in the reference) / total number of worms. In each experiment, at least 60 worms from each group were tested. 1.5. Aβ accumulation with thioflavin-S staining Age-synchronized CL2006 worms were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde / PBS, pH 7.5, for 24 hours at 4 °C, and permeabilized in 5% fresh β-mercaptoethanol, 1% Triton X-100, Tris at 125 mm, pH 7.5, at 37 °C for another 24 hours. The nematodes were stained with 0.125% thioflavin S (Sigma) in 50% ethanol for 2 min, destained with 50% EtOH for 2 min, washed 3 times with PBS, and transferred in a volume of approximately 10 pL into a drop of Fluoromount G onto a glass microscope slide. Fluorescence images were acquired using a 20 Å objective of a fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX51, Germany). Amyloidosis in the head region of the worms was quantified by counting the number of thioflavin S (ThS) positive spots using ImageJ, and this was expressed as Aβ deposits / anterior area. 1.6. Lifespan test The worms were treated as described above in liquid culture for 4 days, starting at the L1 stage. However, to prevent offspring production, [a specific substance / method] was added. QC7Qnn / 7ZnZ / E / YIAI pL of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), to a final concentration of 120 μM, was applied to 4-day-old worms. After treatment, approximately 30 young adult worms were placed on 3 different NGM plates per condition and transferred to fresh plates every 3 days, noting any dead animals. An animal was considered dead if no mechanical response was elicited by 3 light taps to the head with a platinum wire. 1.7. Statistics Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 9 statistical software. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of at least three experiments. Means were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Comparisons between groups were also performed using a two-tailed Student's t-test for independent replicates when necessary. Statistical significance was considered when p-values ​​were <0.05. Statistical outliers were identified using Grubs' test and excluded from the analysis. EXAMPLE 1 Effects of different compositions on the SAMP8 mouse model 1. Weight control of the treatment with plant extract and lipids Each animal in each treatment group was weighed. Weighings were performed on the Monday before the start of treatment and every Monday throughout the treatment period until slaughter. Table 2 shows the weight of each group at the beginning and end of treatment. An improvement in physical appearance was observed as a result of the treatment with the plant extract and lipids. Treatment groups Initial weight Treatment Final weight Treatment SAMR1 reference 26.13 ± 0.50 26.66 ± 0.43 SAMP8 reference 23.02 ± 0.43 24.32 ± 0.52 SAMP8 treated 24.05 ± 0.64 25.93 ± 0.79 Table 2. Weights of the animals during treatment Figure 5A shows the weight gain or loss during treatment for the mouse groups. The results show that at the end of treatment, all groups showed weight gain, with the increase being 2% in the SAMR1 reference group and 4% in both SAMP8 groups. Figure 5B shows a significant difference in mouse weight at the end of treatment for both the SAMR1 and SAMP8 reference groups, as well as at baseline. However, the treatment had no effect on weight gain for the SAMP8 groups compared to the reference group. 2. Behavioral Results The results of the cognitive profile, emotional alterations and behavioral characterization induced by the treatment with the product after 8 weeks of treatment are summarized below. 2.1. Summary of the results of the open field test (OFT) Figures 6A-6C show the behavioral results in the open field test for the groups after 8 weeks of treatment. SAMR1 reference to SAMP8 reference to SAMP8 treated: The ANOVA test showed significant differences in the variables of vertical activity (p<0.001) and defecation (p<0.0001), but not in the variable of locomotor activity (p>0.05). The post-hoc analysis showed significant and similar changes in the variable of vertical activity for the SAMP8 reference group and the treated animals (p<0.05) and between the SAMR1 reference group and the SAMP8-treated animals (p<0.01). Similarly, post-hoc analysis also showed significant and similar changes in the defecation variable for the reference animals (p<0.01) and between the SAMR1 reference group and the SMAP8-treated animals (p<0.001). A clear trend toward reverting to the SAMR1 reference group was observed in the SMAP8-treated group for the locomotor activity variable. 2.2. Summary of the results of the object location test (NORT) The results of characterizing the cognitive profile of short-term and long-term working memory using the object recognition test for treatment with the product after 8 weeks of treatment will be summarized below. 2.2.1. Short-term memory Figure 7 shows the results of the object recognition test after 8 weeks of treatment to assess the short-term working memory cognitive function of the mouse groups. SAMR1 reference group compared to SAMP8 reference group compared to treated SAMP8 groups. ANOVA showed significant differences in the discrimination index variable (p<0.0001). Post-hoc analysis showed significant and similar changes in the discrimination index variable for the SAMP8 and SAMR1 reference animals (p<0.0001). Furthermore, post-hoc analysis also showed significant and similar changes in the discrimination index variable between the reference and treated SAMP8 groups (p<0.0001). 2.2.2. Long-term memory Figure 8 shows the results of the object recognition test after 8 weeks of treatment to assess the long-term working memory cognitive function of the mouse groups. SAMR1 reference group compared to SAMP8 reference group compared to treated SAMP8 groups. ANOVA showed significant differences in the discrimination index variable (p<0.01). Post-hoc analysis showed significant and similar changes in the discrimination index variable for the SAMP8 and SAMR1 reference animals (p<0.001). Furthermore, post-hoc analysis also showed significant and similar changes in the discrimination index variable between the reference and treated SAMP8 groups (p<0.01). 2.3. Summary of the object location test (OLT) results The results of the characterization of the cognitive profile of spatial memory using the object location test for the treatment with the plant extract and lipids performed in females 8 weeks after the start of treatment will be summarized below. 2.3.1. 2.3.1.- Spatial memory Figure 9 shows the results of the object location test after 8 weeks of treatment to assess the cognitive function of spatial memory in the mouse groups. SAMR1 reference group compared to SAMP8 reference group compared to treated SAMP8 groups: The ANOVA test showed significant differences in the discrimination index variable (p<0.001). Post-hoc analysis showed significant and similar changes in the discrimination index variable for the SAMP8 and SAMR1 reference animals (p<0.0001). Furthermore, post-hoc analysis also showed significant and similar changes in the discrimination index variable between the reference and treated SAMP8 groups (p<0.01). 3. Incidents and observations One SMAP8 mouse from the reference group died during treatment. No internal damage was observed, leading to the conclusion that death was due to natural causes. An improvement in the physical appearance of the mice treated with the product was observed (Fig. 10). EXAMPLE 2 Effects of different compositions on zebrafish treated with PTZ Neuroprotective effect of compounds C1 to C5 in the zebrafish model of PTZ-induced neurotoxicity AChE Activity (%) with respect to reference Replicates Reference PTZ PHYS PTZ+C1 PTZ+C2 PTZ+C3 PTZ+C4 PTZ+C5 Pocilio 1 101.2 69.1 39.1 65.6 102.6 138.7 132.6 69.2 Pocilio 2 110.4 89.3 40.6 69.7 112.5 132.2 134.0 102.3 Pocilio 3 102.7 66.6 43.9 83.4 112.5 136.5 139.7 72.1 Pocilio 4 107.7 54.8 42.5 81.5 94.5 142.4 97.5 77.6 Pocilio 5 94.4 63.6 44.0 80.6 82.8 165.9 135.1 73.0 Well 6 101.3 57.8 39.9 77.2 82.2 131.1 131.9 75.4 Well 7 88.4 77.2 44.4 87.1 76.9 123.5 72.2 92.0 Well 8 95.0 67.3 38.7 89.5 97.0 122.1 64.4 73.1 Well 9 121.0 87.7 42.2 85.8 89.1 135.5 88.7 70.3 Well 10 76.7 91.3 40.3 94.7 81.0 137.8 93.7 73.2 Well 11 108.5 96.9 6.2 103.3 72.6 66.9 103.2 77.2 Well 12 110.5 75.1 8.2 101.4 66.9 72.3 119.6 111.8 Well 13 102.6 84.8 3.0 99.4 76.7 62.3 90.5 99.8 Well 14 122.8 83.8 3.5 57.5 101.9 100.9 100.4 82.1 Well 15 102.5 72.2 3.1 89.8 104.8 95.2 102.0 107.6 Well 16 82.2 76.8 6.3 75.9 70.6 91.5 93.1 112.6 Well 17 87.4 90.5 4.7 74.7 86.0 79.7 78,1 97.8 Well 18 86.6 109.0 5.1 99.1 62.5 90.9 99.8 118.2 Well 19 87.0 99.6 10.3 75.3 67.6 67.4 81.8 95.8 Well 20 110.0 67.9 14.0 73.4 81.1 74.7 107.3 89.8 Average 100.0 79.1 24.0 83.3 86.1 108.4 103.3 88.6 DE 12.57 14.54 18.23 12.51 15.22 31.52 22.9 16.2 SEM 2.81 3.25 4.08 2.8 3.4 7.05 4.98 3.62 P<0.01 P<0.01 P<0.05 P>0.05 P>0.05 P>0.05 P>0.05 test Table 3: Percentage of AChE enzyme activity (mu) per total protein (pg) with respect to the reference group (considered 100%) in 5 DPF larvae treated with PTZ, PHYS, and with the different compounds (C1-C5) combined with PTZ for 6 hours. The table shows the mean, standard deviation (SD), standard error of the mean (SEM), and statistical analysis using Dunnett's multiple comparison test (with respect to the reference group). As shown in Table 3, treatment of larvae with PTZ at 5 mm induced a pronounced decrease in AChE activity, approximately 21% compared to the reference group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, physostigmine, a potent inhibitor of AChE activity, reduced AChE activity by 76% compared to the reference group, validating the test (p < 0.01). Of all the problematic groups, only the treatment with PTZ combined with C1 at 100 mg / L showed significantly lower activity than the reference group, but not less than the decrease caused by PTZ alone. Once it was determined that PTZ decreased AChE activity in 5 DPF zebrafish larvae, the neuroprotective effect of the compounds against neurotoxin-induced toxicity was analyzed. As shown in Fig. 11, two of the compounds studied induced a significant increase in AChE activity compared to larvae treated with PTZ. Treatment of larvae with C4 at 10 mg / L prevented the PTZ-induced effect on AChE activity, reaching an activity of 103% (p < 0.01). Finally, C3 at 100 mg / L not only significantly prevented a PTZ-induced decrease in AChE activity but also slightly increased it compared to the reference group (108%), where this increase was not statistically significant. This study demonstrates that PTZ, a convulsive antagonist of GABA receptors in the CNS, induces a strong toxic effect by drastically reducing AChE activity in zebrafish larvae. It has shown that the zebrafish genome does not encode the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE), an enzyme that also degrades acetylcholine in humans. However, the AChE enzyme is encoded by a single gene in zebrafish and has been functionally detected in the brain. Therefore, variations in AChE activity observed in zebrafish larvae simply reflect the functioning of the CNS cholinergic system. The objective of the trial was to analyze the possible neuroprotective effect of treatment with five client-supplied compounds coded as C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5. First, it is important to note that none of the groups treated with the compounds studied in combination with PTZ had lower AChE activity than that induced by PTZ alone, indicating the absence of an additive neurotoxic effect induced by the compounds. Analysis of AChE activity demonstrated that treatments with compounds C3 (D-pinitol) and C4 (sage extract) prevented the neurotoxic effect induced by PTZ in 5-day-old zebrafish larvae, restoring AChE activity by 29% and 23%, respectively, compared to larvae treated with the convulsant. These results show that both compounds have neuroprotective capacity against the neurotoxic effect induced by PTZ. Therefore, it has been shown that D-pinitol compounds at 100 mg / L and sage extract at 10 mg / L significantly prevent a reduction in AChE activity in PTZ-induced 5DPF larvae, which shows a neuroprotective effect. EXAMPLES Effects of different compositions on the C.eleaans model 1. The mixture attenuates oxidative stress in C. elegans To investigate whether the extracts and the mixture had any beneficial effect on oxidative stress, we evaluated them after tert-butyl (6.2 mM) administration. The treatment began when the synchronized worms reached the L4 stage and was maintained at 20°C until the end of the experiment. First, we found that each extract group did not achieve protection against oxidative stress compared to the untreated control, and we observed a significant reduction in the percentage of worm survival compared to the vitamin C group (Fig. 12). On the other hand, the worms pre-incubated in the mixture extract (dose) were significantly protected against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl (6.2 mM) compared to the untreated group, and the percentage of worm survival was close to that of the vitamin C group (58 μM), demonstrating the synergistic effect of administering the combined extract (Fig. 12). 2. Extracts from the mixture suppress the neuronal Aβ expression-induced defect in chemotaxis behavior in transgenic C. elegans (CL2355) To investigate the synergistic effects of the mixture extract on chemotaxis behavior, we applied benzaldehyde as an attractant and ethanol as a reference, both containing sodium azide, which paralyzes the worms on contact (Fig. 13). The chemotaxis index was scored for all groups on day 5 of age. Figure 14 shows that strain CL2355 exhibits a significant reduction in IQ compared to the reference strain CL2122. Furthermore, each extract individually shows a slight tendency to increase IQ compared to strain CL2355, but not significantly (Fig. 14). Interestingly, a significant increase in IQ in the extract of the Mixture compared to group CL2355, demonstrating the synergistic effect and restoring chemotaxis behavior in the reference strain CL2122 (Fig. 14). 3. Extracts from the mixture improved the β-amyloid load in transgenic C. elegans (CL2006) To explore whether the mixture affects β-amyloid accumulation, the CL2006 worm strain, which constitutively overexpresses human ABi-42 in muscle cells, was used. We found that the mixture group had a notable effect on ABi-42 peptide deposits, suggesting that the mixture could significantly decrease the accumulation of Aβ species in a synergistic manner (Fig. 15). As expected, the different extract groups (DHA, Ginkgo, Pinitol, and Ursolia®) did not achieve any effect on ABi-42 deposits, showing that the synergistic effect obtained in the mixture group is not evident (Fig. 15). 4. Average Lifespan Extension by the Blend Extract in C. elegans To investigate the effect on aging, we examined changes in the lifespan of C. elegans after different treatments with extracts and the blend. First, we found no significant changes between groups according to the Kaplan-Meier curve (Fig. 16A). However, the average lifespan was extended by up to 15% with the blend extract treatment compared to the DHA, Pinitol, and Ursolia® groups, demonstrating a synergistic effect (Fig. 16B), while there were no changes between the blend group and Ginkgo due to the well-described effects of Ginkgo on lifespan (REF). 5. Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrated greater neuroprotective effects of the blended extract compared to each extract separately on behavior, Aβ pathology, oxidative stress tolerance, and half-life. This clearly shows that the synergistic effect of the blended extract was not evident.< / n> < / n> < / n>

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A composition or kit of parts comprising D-pinitol, ursolic acid and one or more additional components selected from the following group: (i) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), (ii) ginkgo flavonoids and (iii) a mixture thereof.

2. The composition or kit of parts according to claim 1, wherein ursolic acid is provided as a ursolic acid-rich plant extract and / or wherein D-pinitol is provided as a D-pinitol-rich plant extract.

3. The composition or kit of parts according to claim 2, wherein the ursolic acid-rich plant extract is a hydroalcoholic extract of a plant product rich in ursolic acid.

4. The composition or kit of parts according to claim 3, wherein the ursolic acid-rich plant product is selected from the leaves of a plant of the Lamiaceae family, a seaweed, or fruit peels.

5. The composition or kit of parts according to claims 2 to 4, wherein the ursolic acid-rich plant extract contains between 5 and 90% ursolic acid.

6. The composition or kit of parts according to any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the ursolic acid-rich plant extract has been obtained by a process comprising: (i) extraction from the leaves of a plant of the Lamiaceae family, from a marine algae or from fruit peels, with a hydroalcoholic and (ii) treatment of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained in step (i) with activated carbon and subsequent removal of the activated carbon.

7. The composition or kit of parts according to any of claims 2 to 6, wherein the extract containing D-pinitol is an extract of the fruit of a plant of the genus Ceratonia.

8. The composition or kit of parts according to claims 1 to 7, wherein the weight ratio of D-pinitol and ursolic acid is about 63.3:7.

5.

9. The composition or kit of parts according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the DHA is provided as a fatty acid composition containing at least 25% DHA.

10. The composition or kit of parts according to claim 9, wherein the fatty acid composition has been obtained from fish or microalgae.

11. The composition or kit of parts according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the ginkgo flavonoids are provided as an extract of Ginkgo biloba.

12. The composition or kit of parts, according to claim 11, wherein the Ginkgo biloba extract contains between 0.5% (w / w) and 15% (w / w) of ginkgo flavonoids and less than 1% (w / w) of terpene lactones.

13. The composition or kit of parts according to any of claim 11 or 12, wherein the Ginkgo biloba extract has been obtained by a process comprising: (i) aqueous extraction of Ginkgo biloba leaves and (ii) treatment of the aqueous extract obtained in step (i) with activated carbon and subsequent removal of the activated carbon.

14. The composition or kit of parts according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: (i) if the composition or kit of parts contains D-pinitol, ursolic acid and a DHA, the weight ratio of the components is about 63.3:7.5:40, (ii) if the composition or kit of parts contains D-pinitol, ursolic acid and ginkgo flavonoids, the weight ratio of the components is about 63.3:7.5:1, (iii) if the composition or kit of parts contains D-pinitol, ursolic acid, DHA and ginkgo flavonoids, the weight ratio of the components is about 63.3:7.5:40:

1.

15. The composition or kit of parts according to any of claims 1 to 14, further comprising a vehicle.

16. The composition according to claim 15, wherein the concentration of the vehicle is between 20% and 90% (w / w).

17. A pharmaceutical product comprising the composition according to any of claims 1 to 16 and a pharmaceutically active vehicle.

18. A food or dietary supplement comprising the composition according to any of claims 1 to 16 and a nutritionally acceptable carrier.

19. The composition or kit of parts according to any of claims 1-16, the pharmaceutical product according to claim 17, or the food or dietary supplement according to claim 18 for medicinal use.

20. The composition or kit of parts according to any of claims 1-16, the pharmaceutical product according to claim 17, or the food or dietary supplement according to claim 18 for use in the prevention and / or treatment of a cognitive disorder.

21. The composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product or food or dietary supplement for use according to claim 20, wherein the cognitive disorder is selected from the list consisting of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

22. The composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product or food or dietary supplement for use according to claim 20 or 21, wherein at least one of the components of the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical composition or food or dietary supplement is administered separately from the other components of the composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product or food or dietary supplement.

23. The composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product or food or dietary supplement for use according to any of claims 20-22, wherein the administration of the composition, of the components included in the kit of parts, of the pharmaceutical product or of the food or dietary supplement comprises administering: (i) about 150 mg / day of the ursolic acid-rich plant extract; (ii) about 480 mg / day of DHA-rich fatty acids; (iii) about 500 mg / day of Ginkgo Biloba extract; and / or (iv) about 200 mg / day of D-pinitol.

24. The composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product or food or dietary supplement for use according to any of claims 20-22, wherein the administration of the composition, of the components included in the kit of parts, of the pharmaceutical product or of the food or dietary supplement comprises administering (i) about 2.5 mg / kg of the ursolic acid-rich plant extract, (ii) about 8 mg / kg of the DHA-rich fatty acid composition, (iii) about 8.33 mg / kg of the Ginkgo Biloba extract, and / or (iv) about 3.33 mg / kg of D-pinitol.

25. The composition, kit of parts, pharmaceutical product or food or dietary supplement for use according to any of claims 20-24, wherein the treatment comprises the administration of multiple doses of the composition, the components included in the kit of parts, pharmaceutical product or food or dietary supplement for at least 1 month.

26. The parts kit for use in accordance with any of claims 20-25, wherein the parts of the parts kit are combined prior to administration.