RECONFIGURABLE HYBRID OVEN.

Abstract

The invention relates to a kiln for ceramics, glass, enamel, jewelry, and metals. This reconfigurable kiln allows for the processing of multiple pieces and techniques, providing added value to its users. It is a high-quality piece of equipment adaptable to a wide variety of known technical needs.

Description

Reconfigurable Hybrid Oven TECHNICAL FIELD The invention is in the field of kiln manufacturing, specifically relating to a reconfigurable kiln that allows processing multiple parts and techniques: ceramics, glass, jewelry, and metals. It provides added value to its purchasers, as it is a high-quality piece of equipment adaptable to a wide variety of needs known in the art. BACKGROUND For the processing of various materials that allow the manufacture of ceramic, glass, jewelry, and metal pieces, kilns with various configurations have been designed over time, focusing on the development of a particular technique, thus creating kilns for ceramics, kilns for glass, kilns for jewelry, and kilns for metals. The kiln is the instrument that makes this process possible. It is believed that kiln manufacturing began in Egypt more than 7,000 years ago. Humans realized that the earth and walls of a pit could retain heat, and a kiln could then be built with stones, pottery pieces, and clay. The first direct-draw kiln was oval, like an inverted U, with an opening at the bottom to use as a fire pit. The roof was a semicircle, completely sealed for firing, but it had to be broken to remove the pieces. This method became widespread throughout the Mediterranean countries, Greece, Rome, Crete, and the Middle East. For many centuries, wood was the fuel for kilns, but now there are different types of kilns, brands, sizes, designs, and firing methods. The heat energy can be electricity, gas, wood, coal, and oil.Over the years, various types of kilns have been proposed to optimize their performance when performing ceramic, glass, jewelry, and cutlery techniques, among which we can mention those described in the following patent documents: CN104374192B describes a multifunctional ceramic firing kiln that can fire both ceramics and porcelain, has a good firing effect on ceramic products and is easy to implement, and has a good firing effect and a method for manufacturing porcelain. Like CN105571316A, which describes an energy-saving ceramic kiln with rotary vacuum heat insulation. Furthermore, CN205209241U describes a corresponding utility model with an electric heat sintered ceramic kiln with a restoration function, which includes: kiln body, kiln chamber, open hole, among others.Continuing, document CN204268882U describes a utility model that reveals a multifunctional ceramic sintering furnace that is simple and reasonable in structure, capable of synthesizing ceramics and porcelain, good sintering effect of ceramic products and high quality of ceramic products. On the other hand, document CN114166027A describes the use of a ceramic kiln that uses a box body, a plurality of upper layer heating wires, a plurality of lower layer heating wires and a separator, in which, the dividing plate is arranged inside the box body and divides the box body into an upper heating layer and a lower heating layer, which modifies the distribution and function in the present invention the kiln has different factors for the distribution. According to the ceramic product heating device, different ceramic products can be heated to different temperatures at the same time and therefore, the working efficiency is improved.In this regard, document CN114166025A describes a kiln comprising a plurality of support plates and a plurality of placement platforms arranged on the upper surface of the support plates, and a plurality of support plates are installed in the kiln via side channels i yzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi arranged on the inner side walls of the kiln; a driving portion on the support plate and a heating device installed on the driving portion. Our kiln uses a gas-fired pipeline, which makes the clay heating process simpler and faster to achieve.Additionally, CN215810236U describes a double-layer ceramic firing kiln comprising a kiln body, a kiln cover disposed on the upper surface of the kiln body, an object placement piece disposed on the kiln body, and a plurality of rows of positioning holes formed on the inner wall of the kiln body at equal intervals. CN102175079A describes a kiln temperature saving control method that results in savings in ceramics based on heat balance.In patent CN104567340A they use a water cooling device for a ceramic drying oven. The water cooling device for the ceramic drying oven comprises a high pressure air pipe and a water supply pipe, where a driving section, an intermediate section and a driven section of a drying oven are respectively provided with a temperature controller. In our case, the technique implemented is different as it has external valves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the problems known in the art, the inventors of the present invention propose a reconfigurable heating furnace for various ceramic, glass, jewelry and metal techniques characterized in that it comprises: • a body, • a door, • a handle, i yzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi • a safety locking system, • a temperature regulating system, • a heat flow system, • a resistor, • a base. The kiln, which is fully described in this document, allows for the implementation of various ceramic, glass, jewelry, and metalworking techniques at a low cost and offers the following advantages: One aspect of the invention is that the reconfigurable kiln is focused on multiple materials and techniques of ceramics, glass, jewelry, and metals firing at low and high temperatures. It can produce pieces of cups by screen printing, lost wax casting, even ceramics and porcelain. Another aspect of the invention of the reconfigurable kiln lies in the way its body is assembled, which, together with its temperature regulation system, allows it to operate in small spaces. This is advantageous in the development of ceramic techniques that are usually carried out in open spaces, as it prevents excessive heat radiation to the outside, allowing for easy handling. It also conserves heat in a controlled manner inside, allowing for the development of techniques such as raku without the need for pyrometric cones. Another aspect of the reconfigurable oven invention is that it features a heat flow system that can be adapted to the technique being performed; for example, in the processing of organic materials where toxic gases are released, the heat can be safely extracted through a hatch that, together with the body, is made of insulators that can act as a filter, reducing the release of contaminants. i yzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 describes the front perspective view of the oven (A) on its support (H) with the door closed (F1). Figure 2 describes the two-dimensional front view of the oven (A) on its support (H) with the door closed (F1). Figure 3 describes the two-dimensional left side view (B2) of the oven (A) on its support (H) with the door closed (F1). Figure 4 describes the two-dimensional top view (E) of the oven (A) with the door closed (F1). Figure 5 describes the exploded perspective front view of the oven (A) on its support (H) without door (F1). Figure 6 describes the exploded front perspective view of the oven (A) on its support (H) without some elements. Figure 7 describes the exploded perspective front view of the interior of the oven (J) showing some internal elements. Figure 8 describes the front perspective view of the interior of the oven (J) showing some internal and external elements of the oven (A). i yzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi Figure 9 describes the front perspective view of the oven (A) on its support (H) with the door open (F1), showing some internal and external elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention describes a reconfigurable kiln for ceramics, glass, jewelry and metals, various techniques, said kiln comprises a kiln body (A) of cubic or rectangular shape, which can be made of different materials, including aluminum alloy sheets. The sheets (B1, B2, C, D and E) constitute the exterior part of the kiln body, said sheets are moldable, and in one aspect of the invention are sheets folded and joined with fastening means that in a preferred embodiment are hydraulic rivets to prevent heat leaks, allowing the expansion and contraction of the kiln body. The rivets are calibrated to the expansion that the material will have. Depending on the size, resistances, assembly and riveting are calibrated. In another aspect of the invention, the reconfigurable oven comprises a heat outlet (G2 and G3) by means of a perforation through one of the walls (E) of the oven body covered on its internal part with a partition and quilt that comes into contact with the gate (G and G2) to allow or prevent the exit of air by opening it with a mechanical means, which for example can be a lever (G). The furnace body is mounted on a support (H) which, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, is made of rectangular resistant pipe (RTP) that can be of various gauges. In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, 14 gauge is used, which can, however, be of different gauges, as long as it is a heat- and corrosion-resistant material. The support is also finished by treatment with a base fixative (primer) and high-temperature-resistant paint. i vzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi The kiln body comprises an internal part (J) lined with bricks (J3) and a quilt (J2). A preferred aspect of the invention is that it is formed with 3 containment quilts on the sides and 4 on the top, at least one inch thick. In another embodiment of the invention, 4 containment quilts and a refractory one are used to provide greater resistance. The bricks (J3) are previously cut and joined with refractory cement (J5). Additionally, fastening locks (J8) are used to join the quilt and the bricks to the kiln body (A). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an arrangement of 3 X 6 bricks is used inside the kiln body to support the resistance. The ceramic bricks are high resistance and light, and the ceramic quilts have dense, long fibers. By using both, the quilt forms a system that contains the heat, preventing leaks.That is to say, surprisingly, the inventors of this invention discovered that by applying this configuration inside (J) of the oven body (A) an atmosphere is created that contains a lot of heat and outside the heat is not perceived, since external radiation is avoided and they become functional for small spaces and can be used by practically anyone. In one embodiment of the invention, the oven body contains fastening locks (J8) that support the ceramic fiber, and have a screwing system depending on the needs, in the art there are ovens with other technologies in which the quilt falls off over time, in the case of our invention the fastening means (J8) allow a readjustment of the quilt to extend the useful life of the oven. The furnace body includes a rear hole (J9) in which a thermocouple connected to the control box is placed to monitor the temperature. The furnace body also includes a gas burner hole, covered with ceramic to prevent heat loss (J6). Used for oxygen-free glass. i jzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi The door (F1) is secured to the kiln body (A) by means of securing means (F3), which in a preferred embodiment consist of two hinges at the top and one at the bottom of the door for better support. Optionally, the door (F1) of the kiln body (A) comprises a plate and a viewing window for monitoring the manufacturing process of the ceramic pieces contained within the kiln body when it is in operation. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the resistors (J4) vary depending on the energy and the connection sequence, whether linear or parallel, placing these slightly low to avoid heat accumulation on the ceiling and fastening these to the bricks with fastening means that can be staples. The resistors are made of a special wire that withstands high temperatures, it is an alloy that melts at 1500 ° C, which allows working at 1300 ° C. In turn, the type of connection can be three-phase or two-phase. The ovens of the present invention are low energy consumption, by generating a resistance of great thrust it achieves that the oven reaches a high temperature without much energy, with 110V with household light.Given its internal configuration and controller, this oven allows for different types of techniques. The temperature controller allows for generating stepped ramps, experimenting with specific materials or recipes, and even programming. It is advantageous that the operating parameters are already established. In one embodiment of the invention, the digital temperature controller is stepped, with low, medium, and high firing modes. The reconfigurable hybrid kiln of the present invention can process various materials and perform various glass, ceramic, jewelry, and metalworking techniques. Some of the techniques that can be performed in the kiln of the present invention include raku, parboiling, crystallization, engobes, and reductions. i yzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat outlets (G2 and G3) are closed during the development of ceramic reduction techniques where the oven atmosphere must have an oxygen deficiency and the reaction that occurs is a transfer of electrons between the ceramic product and the gases in the oven atmosphere, optionally the lower hole (J6) of the base (D) is the inlet duct of an external heat source such as gas causing the formation of a flame inside the oven which causes the temperature to increase, with the lack of air the reducing atmosphere is produced (without presenting any breakdown in the resistances). In another preferred embodiment of the invention, it is useful as a drying kiln, where the heat vents (G2 and G3) are open, allowing moisture to escape and maintaining a constant temperature for a day, allowing the ceramic pastes to dry. In other techniques, opening the hatch (G3) is often useful for releasing gases and for faster cooling. In one embodiment of our invention, extractors are used to cool the kiln more quickly. One of the advantages of the oven of the present invention is that it is environmentally friendly, as it does not require multiple ovens to perform many techniques, which increases the capabilities of even small producers. EXAMPLE 1.- Raku technique. The raku technique involves firing at temperatures between 900°C and 1000°C for three hours. The still-incandescent piece is then removed and placed in a container filled with combustible material such as sawdust or wood shavings. The material is then ignited upon contact with the piece. Finally, the piece is immersed in a bucket of water, and the combustion residue is cleaned away, resulting in a metallic, crackled finish. Design objects range from vases, bowls, statues, panels, jewelry, and necklaces. i jzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi EXAMPLE 2.- Drying. Drying oven, the heat flow system serves to maintain a constant temperature (30°C) for a day and dry the ceramic pastes, in some techniques the opening of the chimney is useful in the release of gases and for faster cooling. EXAMPLE 4 .- Casting Technique In the casting technique, the glass is melted and, during cooling, consolidated within a mold to reproduce its shape. Models made of clay, pellets, or wax are used. They are gradually heated initially at a rate of 2°C per minute until reaching 600°C, maintaining this temperature for half an hour. They are then heated rapidly until fully melted. Once the maximum temperature is reached, the casting requires a maturation time (soak) determined by the total mass of the molten glass. EXAMPLE 5 .- Tempering Technique. Tempering is a low-temperature treatment typically performed after neutral quenching, double quenching, or atmospheric carburizing processes, with the goal of achieving the desired hardness ratio. Tempering reduces the material's hardness and increases its strength. The coating temperature can vary depending on the requirements and steel grade. It can be divided into three groups: low-temperature tempering (160°C-300°C), spring steel tempering (300°C-500°C), and high-temperature tempering (500°C or higher). Tempering is typically performed in gas-filled tempering furnaces, which prevent the surface from oxidizing during the process. This is useful at temperatures above 500°C. EXAMPLE 6 Porcelain. In the kiln of the present invention, porcelain is fired at a temperature between 1000°C and 1300°C. The sintering process, or firing in the kiln of the present invention, is carried out in one stage; the glaze is reached at a temperature plateau of 1300°C. Optionally, the porcelain can be decorated in an additional firing with pigments obtained from calcined metal oxides.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Reconfigurable heating furnace for various ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and metals; characterized in that it comprises: a) a body, b) a door, c) a handle, d) a safety locking system, e) a temperature regulating system, f) a heat flow system, g) a resistor, h) a base.

2. Heating furnace for various ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and metals according to claim 1, characterized in that the body comprises an internal part and an external part.

3. Heating oven for various ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and metals according to claim 2, characterized in that the internal part is composed of walls covered with ceramic quilt and ceramic brick.

4. Heating furnace for various ceramic, glass, enamel, jewelry, and metal techniques according to claim 3, characterized in that the ceramic brick has a heat exchanger system assembled. i yzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi 5. Heating furnace for ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and metals according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat exchanger system is selected from one or more electric resistors and / or gas heaters.

6. Heating oven for various ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and cutlery according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature regulation system is chosen from a manual or electronic system.

7. Heating oven for ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and cutlery according to claim 6, characterized in that the electronic system handles a voltage of 110v or 220v.

8. Heating furnace for various ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and metals according to claim 1, wherein the body has a cubic or rectangular prism configuration.

9. Heating furnace for various ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and metals according to claim 1, wherein a heat flow regulating system is located on the sides and / or on the top and / or on the bottom or on the door.

10. Heating furnace for various ceramic, glass, enamel, jewelry, and metal techniques according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat flow system can be a damper and / or a sight glass and / or a chimney, depending on the technique. i yzcnn / cznz / E / YiAi 11. Heating furnace for various ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and metals according to claim 10, characterized in that the chimney has a manual system.

12. Heating furnace for various ceramic techniques, glass techniques, enameling, jewelry and metals according to claim 2, characterized in that the internal part comprises ceramic fiber and ceramic brick and refractory mortar.

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