Method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes using zoanthamine

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for controlling a harmful arthropod or a harmful nematode. A compound represented by formula (I) [wherein: R¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R² and R³ each represent a hydrogen atom, or R² and R³ are combined with each other to represent an oxo group] or an N-oxide thereof or a salt thereof can be used for controlling a harmful arthropod or a harmful nematode.

Description

Method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes using zoanthamines

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-031870, filed on March 1, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The present invention relates to a method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes using zoanthamines.

[0002] Various compounds have been investigated for the purpose of controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). Meanwhile, Non-Patent Document 2 describes that norzoanthamine inhibits the growth of P388 murine leukemia cells. Non-Patent Document 3 describes that zoanthamines and their salts suppress IL-6 production by osteoblasts and also suppress the loss of bone mass and bone strength due to osteoporosis.

[0003] The Pesticide Manual - 17th edition (BCPC) ISBN 978-1-901396-88-1Heterocyclic Communications, 1995, 1(2-3), 207-214.Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1998, 71, 771-779.

[0004] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes.

[0005] The present invention is as follows: [1] A compound represented by formula (I) [In the formula, R １ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R ２ and R ３ each represents a hydrogen atom, or R ２ and R ３and R together represent an oxo group.], or an N-oxide or a salt thereof (hereinafter, the compound represented by formula (I), or the N-oxide or the salt thereof will be referred to as the present compound) to a harmful arthropod or a harmful nematode, or to a habitat of the harmful arthropod or the harmful nematode. [2] A method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, comprising applying an effective amount of a compound represented by formula (I), or an N-oxide or a salt thereof (hereinafter, the compound represented by formula (I), or the N-oxide or the salt thereof will be referred to as the present compound). ２ and R ３ [3] The method according to [1], wherein each of the formula (I) is a hydrogen atom. [In the formula, R １ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R ２ and R ３ each represents a hydrogen atom, or R ２ and R ３ and together represent an oxo group.] or an N-oxide or a salt thereof. [4] The composition according to [3], further containing one or more components selected from the group consisting of group (a), group (b), group (c), group (d), and group (e): Group (a): the group consisting of insecticidal active components, acaricidal active components, and nematocidal active components; Group (b): fungicidal active components; Group (c): plant growth regulator components; Group (d): repellent components; Group (e): biological control material. [5] A method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, comprising applying an effective amount of the composition according to [4] to harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes or to a habitat of harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes. [6] A compound represented by formula (I) [In the formula, R １ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R ２ and R ３ each represents a hydrogen atom, or R ２ and R ３ [7] A seed or a vegetative reproductive organ carrying an effective amount of a compound represented by formula (I), or an N-oxide or a salt thereof, or an effective amount of the composition according to [4]. [In the formula, R １ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R ２ and R ３ each represents a hydrogen atom, or R２ and R ３ and R , ...

[0006] According to the present invention, harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes can be controlled.

[0007] In this specification, Me represents a methyl group.

[0008] The present compound has stereoisomers, and includes each stereoisomer and a mixture of stereoisomers in any ratio.

[0009] The salt of the compound represented by formula (I) means an acid addition salt. Examples of acids that form acid addition salts include inorganic acids such as hydrogen chloride, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. Examples of salts of the compound represented by formula (I) include compounds represented by the following formula: [In the formula, X － represents an anion formed by loss of a proton from an acid, and the other symbols have the same meanings as above.

[0010] The following compounds are examples of the present compound.

[0011] [Aspect 1] A compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof. [Aspect 2] In this compound, R ２ and R ３ and R are each a hydrogen atom. ２ and R ３ and each represent a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof. [wherein the symbols have the same meanings as defined above], or an N-oxide or a salt thereof. [Aspect 5] A compound represented by formula (II) or a salt thereof. [Aspect 6] A compound represented by formula (II) or a salt thereof in Aspect 4, wherein R ２ and R ３ and R are each a hydrogen atom. [Embodiment 7] A compound represented by formula (II), ２ and R ３ and each represent a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof.

[0012] Examples of the present compound include the following compounds: In the compound represented by formula (II), R １ , R ２ and R ３ and R are each a hydrogen atom (hereinafter referred to as Compound 1 or norzoanthamine). １ is a methyl group, and R ２ and R ３ and R are each a hydrogen atom (hereinafter referred to as Compound 2 or zoanthamin). １ is a hydrogen atom, and R ２ and R ３ In the compound represented by formula (II), R １ is a methyl group, and R ２ and R ３ A compound in which these taken together represent an oxo group (hereinafter referred to as Compound 4 or Zoanthamon). The hydrochloride of Compound 1 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 5). The hydrochloride of Compound 2 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 6). The hydrochloride of Compound 3 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 7). The hydrochloride of Compound 4 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 8). The acetate of Compound 1 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 9). The acetate of Compound 2 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 10). The acetate of Compound 3 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 11). The acetate of Compound 4 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 12). The sulfate of Compound 1 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 13). The sulfate of Compound 2 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 14). The sulfate of Compound 3 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 15). The sulfate of Compound 4 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 16). The N-oxide of Compound 1 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 17). N-oxide of Compound 2 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 18), N-oxide of Compound 3 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 19), N-oxide of Compound 4 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 20).

[0013] In the compound represented by formula (I), R １ , R ２ and R ３and R are each a hydrogen atom (hereinafter referred to as the present compound 21). １ is a methyl group, and R ２ and R ３ and R are each a hydrogen atom (hereinafter referred to as the present compound 22). １ is a hydrogen atom, and R ２ and R ３ In the compound represented by formula (I), R １ is a methyl group, and R ２ and R ３ A compound in which these taken together represent an oxo group (hereinafter referred to as Compound 24). The hydrochloride of Compound 21 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 25). The hydrochloride of Compound 22 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 26). The hydrochloride of Compound 23 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 27). The hydrochloride of Compound 24 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 28). The acetate of Compound 21 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 29). The acetate of Compound 22 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 30). The acetate of Compound 23 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 31). The acetate of Compound 24 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 32). The sulfate of Compound 21 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 33). The sulfate of Compound 22 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 34). The sulfate of Compound 23 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 35). The sulfate of Compound 24 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 36). N-oxide of Compound 21 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 37). N-oxide of Compound 22 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 38). N-oxide of Compound 23 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 39). N-oxide of Compound 24 (hereinafter referred to as Compound 40).

[0014] Next, the method for producing the present compound will be explained.

[0015] Production Method 1 A compound represented by formula (IV) (hereinafter referred to as compound (IV)) can be produced by reacting a compound represented by formula (III) (hereinafter referred to as compound (III)) with an oxidizing agent. [In the formula, the symbols have the same meanings as defined above.] The reaction is usually carried out in a solvent. Examples of the solvent include halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform; nitriles such as acetonitrile; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; acetic acid; water; and mixtures of two or more of these. Examples of the oxidizing agent include m-chloroperbenzoic acid. In the reaction, the oxidizing agent is usually used in a ratio of 1 to 3 moles per mole of compound (III). The reaction temperature is usually in the range of -10 to 50°C. The reaction time is usually in the range of 0.1 to 12 hours. After completion of the reaction, water is added to the reaction mixture, which is then extracted with an organic solvent. The organic layer is washed, if necessary, with an aqueous solution of a reducing agent (e.g., sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate) and an aqueous solution of a base (e.g., sodium bicarbonate). Compound (IV) can be obtained by drying and concentrating the organic layer. Compound (III) can be produced, for example, according to the methods described in JP-A-10-53589 and Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2007, 79, 651-665. Norzoanthamin, zoanthamin, norzoantaminone, and zoantaminone can also be produced, for example, according to the methods described in JP-A-10-53589 and Heterocyclic Communications, 1995, 1(2-3), 207-214.

[0016] Production Method 2 A salt of the present compound can be produced, for example, according to the methods described in JP-A-10-53589, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1998, 71, 771, Chemistry - An Asian Journal, 2011, 6, 922-931, and Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2007, 79, 651-665.

[0017] The present compound can be mixed or used in combination with one or more components selected from the group consisting of Group (a), Group (b), Group (c), Group (d), and Group (e) below (hereinafter referred to as the present component). The term "mixed or used in combination" means that the present compound and the present component are used simultaneously, separately, or with a time interval. When the present compound and the present component are used simultaneously, the present compound and the present component may be contained in separate preparations or in a single preparation. One aspect of the present invention is a composition (hereinafter referred to as Composition A) containing one or more components selected from the group consisting of Group (a), Group (b), Group (c), Group (d), and Group (e), and the present compound.

[0018] Group (a) includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., carbamate insecticides, organophosphate insecticides), GABAergic chloride channel blockers (e.g., phenylpyrazole insecticides), sodium channel modulators (e.g., pyrethroid insecticides), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators (e.g., neonicotinoid insecticides), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators, glutamate-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators (e.g., macrolide insecticides), juvenile hormone mimics, multisite inhibitors, chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, mite growth inhibitors, microbial insect midgut membrane disruptors, mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (e.g., nereistoxin insecticides), chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, molting inhibitors, ecdysone receptor agonists, octopamine receptor agonists, mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I and II, The group consisting of inhibitors of classes III and IV, voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, ryanodine receptor modulators (e.g., diamide insecticides), chordotonal organ modulators, and other insecticidal, acaricidal, and nematocidal active ingredients, which are described in the IRAC mechanism-based classification.

[0019] Group (b) consists of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (e.g., phenylamide fungicides, acylamino acid fungicides), cell division and cytoskeleton inhibitors (e.g., MBC fungicides), respiratory inhibitors (e.g., QoI fungicides, QiI fungicides), amino acid synthesis and protein synthesis inhibitors (e.g., anilinopyrimidine fungicides), signal transduction inhibitors, lipid synthesis and membrane synthesis inhibitors, sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (e.g., DMI fungicides such as triazoles), cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors, melanin synthesis inhibitors, plant defense inducers, multisite contact-active fungicides, and other fungicidal active ingredients. These are listed in the FRAC classification based on the mechanism of action.

[0020] Group (c) is a group of plant growth regulators.

[0021] Group (d) is a group of repellent ingredients.

[0022] Group (e) is a group of biological control agents consisting of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, protists, viruses, products produced by organisms, plants and plant extracts.

[0023] Examples of combinations of the present component and the present compound are listed below. For example, alanycarb + SX refers to a combination of alanycarb and SX. The abbreviation SX refers to any one of the present compounds selected from the present compounds 1 to 40. The present components listed below are all known components and can be obtained from commercially available preparations or produced by known methods. When the present component is a microorganism, it can also be obtained from a bacterial depository. The number in parentheses indicates the CAS RN (registered trademark).

[0024] Combinations of the present ingredients and the present compound in group (a) above: abamectin + SX, acephate + SX, acequinocyl + SX, acetamiprid + SX, acetoprole + SX, acrinathrin + SX, acinonapyr + SX, afidopyropen + SX, afoxolaner + SX, alanycarb + SX, aldicarb + SX, allethrin + SX, alpha-cypermethrin + SX, alpha-endosulfan + SX, aluminum phosphide + SX, Amitraz + SX, azadirachtin + SX, azamethiphos + SX, azinphos-ethyl + SX, azinphos-methyl + SX, azocyclotin + SX, bendiocarb + SX, benfluthrin + SX, benfuracarb + SX, bensultap + SX, benzoximate + SX, benzpyrimoxan + SX, beta-cyfluthrin + SX, beta-cypermethrin + SX, bifenazate + SX, Bifenthrin + SX, bioallethrin + SX, bioresmethrin + SX, bistrifluron + SX, borax + SX,Boric acid + SX, broflanilide + SX, bromopropylate + SX, buprofezin + SX, butocarboxim + SX, butoxycarboxim + SX, cadusafos + SX, calcium phosphide + SX, carbaryl + SX, carbofuran + SX, carbosulfan + SX, cartap hydrochloride + SX, cartap + SX, chinomethionate + SX, chlorantraniliprole + SX, chlordane + SX, Chlorethoxyfos + SX, chlorfenapyr + SX, chlorfenvinphos + SX, chlorfluazuron + SX, chlormephos + SX, chloropicrin + SX, chlorpyrifos + SX, chlorpyrifos-methyl + SX, chromafenozide + SX, clofentezine + SX, clothianidin + SX, coumaphos + SX, cryolite + SX, cyanophos + SX, cyantraniliprole + SX, Cyclaniliprole + SX, cyclobutrifluram + SX, cycloprothrin + SX,Cycloxaprid + SX, cyenopyrafen + SX, cyetpyrafen + SX, cyflumetofen + SX, cyfluthrin + SX, cyhalodiamide + SX, cyhalothrin + SX, cyhexatin + SX, cypermethrin + SX, cyphenothrin + SX, cyproflanilide + SX, cyromazine + SX, dazomet + SX, deltamethrin + SX, demeton-S-methyl + SX Diafenthiuron + SX, diazinon + SX, dichlorvos + SX, dichloromezotiaz + SX, dicofol + SX, dicrotophos + SX, diflovidazin + SX, diflubenzuron + SX, dimefluthrin + SX, dimethoate + SX, dimethylvinphos + SX, dimpropyridaz + SX, dinotefuran + SX, disodium octaborate + SX, disulfoton + SX, DNOC (2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) + SX, doramectin + SX, emamectin benzoate + SX, empenthrin + SX, endosulfan + SX,EPN (O-ethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate) + SX, epsilon-metofluthrin + SX, epsilon-momfluorothrin + SX, esfenvalerate + SX, ethifencarb + SX, ethion + SX, ethiprole + SX, ethoprophos + SX, etofenprox + SX, etoxazole + SX, famphur + SX, fenamiphos + SX, fenazaquin + SX, fenbutatin oxide + SX, Fenitrothion + SX, fenmezoditiaz + SX, fenobucarb + SX, fenoxycarb + SX, fenpropathrin + SX, fenpyroximate + SX, fenthion + SX, fenvalerate + SX, fipronil + SX, flometoquin + SX, flonicamid + SX, fluacrypyrim + SX, fluazaindolizine + SX, fluazuron + SX, flubendiamide + SX, Fluchlordiniliprole + SX, flucycloxuron + SX, flucythrinate + SX, fluensulfone + SX,Flufenprox + SX, flufenoxuron + SX, flufiprole + SX, flumethrin + SX, flupentiofenox + SX, flupyradifurone + SX, flupyrimin + SX, fluralaner + SX, fluvalinate + SX, fluxametamide + SX, formetanate + SX, fosthiazate + SX, furamethrin + SX, furathiocarb + SX, gamma-cyhalothrin + SX GS-omega / kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide + SX, halfenprox + SX, halofenozide + SX, heptafluthrin + SX, heptenophos + SX, hexaflumuron + SX, hexythiazox + SX, potassium salt of hop beta acid + SX, hydramethylnon + SX, hydroprene + SX, imicyafos + SX, imidacloprid + SX, imidaclothiz + SX, Imiprothrin + SX, indazapyroxamet + SX, indoxacarb + SX, isocycloseram + SX, isofenphos + SX,Isoprocarb + SX, isopropyl-O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate + SX, isoxathion + SX, ivermectin + SX, kadethrin + SX, kappa-tefluthrin + SX, kappa-bifenthrin + SX, kinoprene + SX, lambda-cyhalothrin + SX, lenoremycin + SX, lepimectin + SX, lime sulfur + SX, lotilaner + SX, lufenuron + SX SX, machine oil + SX, malathion + SX, mecarbam + SX, meperfluthrin + SX, metaflumizone + SX, metam + SX, methamidophos + SX, methidathion + SX, methiocarb + SX, methomyl + SX, methoprene + SX, methoxychlor + SX, methoxyfenozide + SX, methyl bromide + SX, metofluthrin + SX, metolcarb + SX Methoxadiazone + SX, mevinphos + SX, milbemectin + SX, milbemycin oxime + SX,Momfluorothrin + SX, monocrotophos + SX, moxidectin + SX, naled + SX, nicofluprole + SX, nicotine + SX, nicotine sulfate + SX, nitenpyram + SX, novaluron + SX, noviflumuron + SX, omethoate + SX, oxamyl + SX, oxazosulfyl + SX, oxydemeton-methyl + SX, parathion + SX, parathion-methyl + SX Permethrin + SX, phenothrin + SX, phenthoate + SX, phorate + SX, phosalone + SX, phosmet + SX, phosphamidon + SX, phosphine + SX, phoxim + SX, pirimicarb + SX, pirimiphos-methyl + SX, prallethrin + SX, profenofos + SX, profluthrin + SX, propargite + SX, propetamphos + SX, propoxur + SX, Propylene glycol alginate + SX, prothiofos + SX, pyflubumide + SX, pymetrozine + SX,Pyraclofos + SX, pyrethrins + SX, pyridaben + SX, pyridalyl + SX, pyridaphenthion + SX, pyrifluquinazone + SX, pyrimidifen + SX, pyriminostrobin + SX, pyriprole + SX, pyriproxyfen + SX, quinalphos + SX, resmethrin + SX, rotenone + SX, sarolaner + SX, selamectin + SX, sigma-cypermethrin + SX SX, silafluofen + SX, sodium borate + SX, sodium metaborate + SX, spidoxamat + SX, spinetoram + SX, spinosad + SX, spirodiclofen + SX, spiromesifen + SX, spiropidione + SX, spirotetramat + SX, sulfluramid + SX, sulfotep + SX, sulfoxaflor + SX, sulfur + SX, sulfuryl fluoride + SX Tartar emetic + SX, tau-fluvalinate + SX, tebufenozide + SX, tebufenpyrad + SX, tebupirimfos + SX,Teflubenzuron + SX, Tefluthrin + SX, Temephos + SX, Terbufos + SX, Tetrachlorantraniliprole + SX, Tetrachlorvinphos + SX, Tetradifon + SX, Tetramethrin + SX, Tetramethylfluthrin + SX, Tetraniliprole + SX, Theta-Cypermethrin + SX, Thiacloprid + SX, Thiamethoxam + SX, Thiocyclam + SX, Thiodicarb + SX, Thiofanox + SX, thiometon + SX, thiosultap disodium + SX, thiosultap monosodium + SX, tioxazafen + SX, tolfenpyrad + SX, tralomethrin + SX, transfluthrin + SX, triazamate + SX, triazophos + SX, trichlorfon + SX, trifluenfuronate + SX, triflumezopyrim + SX, triflumuron + SX, trimethacarb + SX, Tyclopyrazoflor + SX, vamidothion + SX, XMC (3,5-dimethylphenyl N-methylcarbamate) + SX, xylylcarb + SX, zeta-cypermethrin + SX, zinc phosphide + SX, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide (1241050-20-3) + SX, 3-methoxy-N-(5-{5-(trifluoromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}indan-1-yl)propanamide (1118626-57-5) + SX, 2-({2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}imino)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (1445683-71-5) + SX, (2Z)-2-({2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(R)-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}imino)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (2377084-09-6) + SX, N-{4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-methyl-4-(methanesulfonyl)-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (1400768-21-9) + SX, 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (1031385-91-7) + SX,N-[3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(methanesulfonyl)propanamide (2396747-83-2) + SX, 1,4-dimethyl-2-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione (2171099-09-3) + SX, 2-isopropyl-5-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2058052-95-0) + SX, N-({2-fluoro-4-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl}methyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide + SX, 7-fluoro-N-[1-(methylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide + SX, 7-fluoro-N-[1-(methanesulfinyl)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide + SX, 7-fluoro-N-[1-(methanesulfonyl)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide + SX, N-[1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide + SX, 2,9-dihydro-9-(methoxymethyl)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-10H-pyrazolo[3,4-f]pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazepin-10-one (2607927-97-7) + SX。,

[0025] Combinations of the present ingredient and the present compound in the above group (b): acibenzolar-S-methyl + SX, aldimorph + SX, ametoctradin + SX, aminopyrifen + SX, amisulbrom + SX, anilazine + SX, azaconazole + SX, azoxystrobin + SX, basic copper sulfate + SX, benalaxyl + SX, benalaxyl-M + SX, benodanil + SX, benomyl + SX, benthiavalicarb + SX, Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl + SX, benzovindiflupyr + SX, binapacryl + SX, biphenyl + SX, bitertanol + SX, bixafen + SX, blasticidin S + SX, Bordeaux mixture + SX, boscalid + SX, bromothalonil + SX, bromuconazole + SX, bupirimate + SX, captafol + SX, captan + SX, carbendazim + SX, carboxin + SX, carpropamid + SX, chinomethionate + SX, chloroinconazide + SX, chloroneb + ​​SX, chlorothalonil + SX,Chlozolinate + SX, copper(II) acetate + SX, copper(II) hydroxide + SX, copper oxychloride + SX, copper(II) sulfate + SX, coumoxystrobin + SX, cyazofamid + SX, cyflufenamid + SX, cymoxanil + SX, cyproconazole + SX, cyprodinil + SX, dichlobentiazox + SX, dichlofluanid + SX, diclocymet + SX, Diclomezine + SX, dicloran + SX, diethofencarb + SX, difenoconazole + SX, diflumetorim + SX, dimethachlone + SX, dimethirimol + SX, dimethomorph + SX, dimoxystrobin + SX, diniconazole + SX, diniconazole-M + SX, dinocap + SX, dipotassium hydrogenphosphite + SX, dipymetitrone + SX, dithianon + SX Dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid bisethylenediamine copper(II) salt + SX, dodemorph + SX,Dodine + SX, edifenphos + SX, enoxastrobin + SX, epoxiconazole + SX, etaconazole + SX, ethaboxam + SX, ethirimol + SX, etridiazole + SX, famoxadone + SX, fenamidone + SX, fenaminstrobin + SX, fenarimol + SX, fenbuconazole + SX, fenfuram + SX, fenhexamid + SX, fenoxanil + SX, Fenpiclonil + SX, fenpicoxamid + SX, fenpropidin + SX, fenpropimorph + SX, fenpyrazamine + SX, triphenyltin acetate + SX, triphenyltin chloride + SX, fentin hydroxide + SX, ferbam + SX, ferimzone + SX, florylpicoxamid + SX, fluazinam + SX, flubeneteram + SX, fludioxonil + SX, Flufenoxadiazam + SX, Flufenoxystrobin + SX, Fluindapyr + SX, Flumetylsulforim + SX, Flumorph + SX,Fluopicolide + SX, fluopyram + SX, fluopimomide + SX, fluoroimide + SX, fluoxapiprolin + SX, fluoxastrobin + SX, fluoxytioconazole + SX, fluquinconazole + SX, flusilazole + SX, flusulfamide + SX, flutianil + SX, flutolanil + SX, flutriafol + SX, fluxapyroxad + SX, folpet + SX, fosetyl + SX, fosetylaluminium + SX, fuberidazole + SX, furalaxyl + SX, furametpyr + SX, guazatine + SX, hexaconazole + SX, hymexazole + SX, imazalil + SX, imibenconazole + SX, iminoctadine + SX, iminoctadine triacetate + SX, inpyrfluxam + SX, iodocarb + SX, ipconazole + SX, ipfentrifluconazole + SX SX, ipflufenoquin + SX, iprobenfos + SX, iprodione + SX, iprovalicarb + SX,Isofetamide + SX, isoflucipram + SX, isoprothiolane + SX, isopyrazam + SX, isotianil + SX, kasugamycin + SX, kresoxim-methyl + SX, laminarin + SX, mancozeb + SX, mandestrobin + SX, mandipropamid + SX, maneb + ​​SX, mefentrifluconazole + SX, mepanipyrim + SX, mepronil + SX, Meptyldinocap + SX, metalaxyl + SX, metalaxyl-M + SX, metarylpicoxamid + SX, metconazole + SX, methasulfocarb + SX, metiram + SX, metominostrobin + SX, metrafenone + SX, metyltetraprole + SX, myclobutanil + SX, naftifine + SX, nuarimol + SX, octhilinone + SX, ofurace + SX Orysastrobin + SX, oxadixyl + SX, oxathiapiprolin + SX, oxine-copper + SX, oxolinic acid + SX, oxpoconazole + SX,Oxpoconazole fumarate + SX, oxycarboxin + SX, oxytetracycline + SX, pefurazoate + SX, penconazole + SX, pencycuron + SX, penflufen + SX, penthiopyrad + SX, phenamacril + SX, phosphorous acid + SX, phthalide + SX, picarbutrazox + SX, picoxystrobin + SX, piperalin + SX, polyoxins + SX, potassium hydrogencarbonate + SX, Potassium dihydrogenphosphite + SX, probenazole + SX, prochloraz + SX, procymidone + SX, propamidine + SX, propamocarb + SX, propiconazole + SX, propineb + ​​SX, proquinazid + SX, prothiocarb + SX, prothioconazole + SX, pydiflumetofen + SX, pyraclostrobin + SX, pyrametostrobin + SX, pyraoxystrobin + SX, pyrapropoyne + SX, pyraziflumid + SX, pyrazophos + SX,Pyribencarb + SX, pyributicarb + SX, pyridaclomethyl + SX, pyrifenox + SX, pyrimethanil + SX, pyrimorph + SX, pyriophenone + SX, pyrisoxazole + SX, pyroquilon + SX, quinconazole + SX, quinofumelin + SX, quinoxyfen + SX, quintozene + SX, quinoa saponins + SX, seboctylamine + SX, Sedaxane + SX, silthiofam + SX, simeconazole + SX, sodium hydrogencarbonate + SX, spiroxamine + SX, streptomycin + SX, sulfur + SX, tebuconazole + SX, tebufloquin + SX, teclofthalam + SX, tecnazene + SX, terbinafine + SX, tetraconazole + SX, thiabendazole + SX, thifluzamide + SX, thiophanate + SX, Thiophanate-methyl + SX, thiram + SX, thymol + SX, tiadinil + SX, tolclofos-methyl + SX,Tolfenpyrad + SX, tolprocarb + SX, tolylfluanid + SX, triadimefon + SX, triadimenol + SX, triazoxide + SX, triclopyricarb + SX, tricyclazole + SX, tridemorph + SX, trifloxystrobin + SX, triflumizole + SX, triforine + SX, triticonazole + SX, validamycin + SX, valifenalate + SX, vinclozolin + SX, zinc thiazole + SX, zineb + ​​SX, ziram + SX, zoxamide + SX, N'-[4-({3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl}oxy)-2,5-dimethylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (1202781-91-6) + SX, N'-{4-[(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (929908-57-6) + SX, N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (1052688-31-9) + SX, N'-[5-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-2-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (2055589-28-9) + SX,N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (2055756-21-1) + SX, N'-(2-chloro-4-phenoxy-5-methylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (2062599-39-5) + SX, N'-[4-(1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-methyl-5-methoxyphenyl]-N-isopropyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (2101814-55-3) + SX, N'-[5-bromo-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxyethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide (1817828-69-5) + SX, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro- 6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (1362477-26-6) + SX, 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline (1257056-97-5) + SX, ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate (39491-78-6) + SX, N-[(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methyl]-N-ethyl-6-methoxy-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (1446247-98-8) + SX, 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1394057-11-4) + SX, (1R, 2S, 5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1801930-06-2) + SX, (1S, 2R, 5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1801930-07-3) + SX, 2-(chloromethyl)-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1394057-13-6) + SX, (1R, 2S, 5S)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1801930-08-4) + SX, (1S, 2R, 5R)-2-(chloromethyl)-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-ol (1801930-09-5) + SX, methyl 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentan-1-carboxylate (1791398-02-1) + SX, 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-[1-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenoxy)cyclopropyl]ethanol (2019215-86-0) + SX, 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-[1-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenoxy)cyclopropyl]ethanol (2019215-84-8) + SX,1-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carbonitrile (2018316-13-5) + SX, 1-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carbonitrile (2018317-25-2) + SX, 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (2082661-43-4) + SX, 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (2082660-27-1) + SX, methyl ({2-methyl-5-[1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)carbamate (1605879-98-8) + SX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (1616239-21-4) + SX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (1847460-02-9) + SX, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[3-propyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (1847460-05-2) + SX, (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide (1445331-27-0) + SX, (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide (1445331-54-3) + SX, 5-chloro-4-({2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}amino)-6-methylpyrimidine (1605340-92-8) + SX, N-(1-benzyl-1,3-dimethylbutyl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide (2132414-04-9) + SX, N-(1-benzyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-methylpropyl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide (2132414-00-5) + SX, 4,4-dimethyl-2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)isoxazolidin-3-one (2098918-25-1) + SX, 5,5-dimethyl-2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)isoxazolidin-3-one (2098918-26-2) + SX, N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propanamide + SX, N,2-dimethoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propanamide + SX, N-methoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide + SX,N-methoxy-N'-methyl-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea + SX, N'-ethyl-N-methoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea + SX, N,N'-dimethoxy-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea + SX, N-acetyl-2-(ethanesulfonyl)-N-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (2043675-28-9) + SX, 3-(4-bromo-7-fluoroindol-1-yl)butan-2-yl N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alaninate + SX, 3-(7-bromoindol-1-yl)butan-2-yl N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alaninate + SX, 3-(7-bromo-4-fluoroindol-1-yl)butan-2-yl N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alaninate + SX, 3-(3,5-dichloropyridin-2-yl)butan-2-yl N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alaninate + SX, 3-(3,5-dichloropyridin-2-yl)butan-2-yl N-{[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-alaninate + SX,(1S)-1-[1-(naphthalen-1-yl)cyclopropyl]ethyl N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alaninate + SX, (1S)-1-[1-(naphthalen-1-yl)cyclopropyl]ethyl N-[(3-acetoxy-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]-L-alaninate + SX, (1S)-1-[1-(naphthalen-1-yl)cyclopropyl]ethyl N-{[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-alaninate + SX, N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide + SX, N-allyl-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)acetamide + SX, N-allyl-N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propanamide + SX, N-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propanamide + SX, 3,3,3-trifluoro-N-({2-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propanamide + SX, 3,3,3-trifluoro-N-({3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propanamide + SX, 3,3,3-trifluoro-N-({2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)propanamide + SX,N-({2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)butanamide + SX, N-methoxy-N-methyl-N'-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea + SX, N,N-diethyl-N'-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea + SX, N-methyl-N'-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)urea + SX, 1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one + SX, 1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)piperidin-2-one + SX, 4-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)morpholin-3-one + SX, 2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)isoxazolidin-3-one + SX, 3,3-dimethyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)piperidin-2-one + SX, 2-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1,2-oxazinan-3-one + SX, 1-({3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)azepan-2-one + SX, 4,4-dimethyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one + SX, 5-methyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one + SX, ethyl 1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate + SX, N-methyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + SX, N-propyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + SX, N-methoxy-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + SX, N-methoxy-N-methyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide + SX, N,N-dimethyl-1-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine + SX, N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide + SX, methyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate + SX,ethyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate + SX, methyl 2-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate + SX, 1-(2,3-dimethylpyridin-5-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline + SX, 1-[2-(difluoromethyl)-3-methylpyridin-5-yl]-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline + SX, 2,2-difluoro-N-[6-({[1-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzimidazol-2-yl]oxy}methyl)pyridin-2-yl]-2-phenoxyacetamide + SX, 1-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carbonitrile + SX, ethyl 1-[(4-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phenyl)methyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate + SX, ethyl 1-[(4-{[(1Z)-2-ethoxy-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]oxy}phenyl)methyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate + SX。,

[0026] Combinations of the present ingredient and the present compound in group (c) above: 1-methylcyclopropene + SX, 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trithione + SX, 1,3-diphenylurea + SX, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid + SX, IAA ((1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid) + SX, IBA (4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butyric acid) + SX, MCPA (2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid) + SX, MCPB (4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butyric acid) + SX, 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) + SX, 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride + SX, 6-benzylaminopurine + SX, abscisic acid + SX, AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) + SX, anisiflupurin + SX, ancymidol + SX, butralin + SX, calcium carbonate + SX, calcium chloride + SX, calcium formate + SX, calcium peroxide + SX, calcium polysulfide + SX, calcium sulfate + SX, chlormequat chloride + SX, chlorpropham + SX, choline chloride + SX, cloprop + SX, cyanamide + SX,Cyclanilide + SX, daminozide + SX, decan-1-ol + SX, dichlorprop + SX, dikegulac + SX, dimethipin + SX, diquat + SX, ethephon + SX, ethychlozate + SX, flumetralin + SX, flurprimidol + SX, forchlorfenuron + SX, formononetin + SX, gibberellin A + SX, gibberellin A3 + SX, Inabenfide + SX, Kinetin + SX, Lipochitooligosaccharide SP104 + SX, Maleic hydrazide + SX, Mefluidide + SX, Mepiquat chloride + SX, Oxidized glutathione + SX, Paclobutrazol + SX, Pendimethalin + SX, Prohexadione calcium + SX, Prohydrojasmon + SX, Pyraflufen-ethyl + SX, Pyroglutamic acid + SX, Sintofen + SX, Sodium 1-naphthaleneacetate + SX, sodium cyanate + SX, thidiazuron + SX, titanium apatite + SX,Triapenthenol + SX, tribufos + SX, trinexapac-ethyl + SX, uniconazole-P + SX, 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)acetamide + SX, [4-oxo-4-(2-phenylethyl)amino]butyric acid + SX, methyl 5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate + SX, 3-[(6-chloro-4-phenylquinazolin-2-yl)amino]propan-1-ol + SX.

[0027] Combinations of the present ingredient and the present compound in the above group (d): anthraquinone + SX, deet + SX, icaridin + SX.

[0028] Note: Abbreviata caucasica + SX, Acuaria spp. + SX, Agamermys decaudata + SX, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 + SX, Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 + SX, Agrobacterium vitis strain VAR03-1 + SX, Allantonema spp. + SX, Alternaria destroys strain 59 + SX, Alternaria detruens + SX, Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10 + SX, Amphimermis spp. + SX, Arthrobotrys dactyloides + SX, Arthrobotrys superba + SX, Aschersonia aleyrodis + SX, Aspergillus flavus strain AF36 + SX, Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL21882 + SX, Aureobasidium pullulans strain DSM14940 + SX, Aureobasidium pullulans strain DSM14941 + SX, Azorhizobium caulinodans strain ZB-SK-5 + SX, Azotobacter chroococcum strain H23 + SX, Azotobacter chroocuccum + SX, Azotobacter vinelandii strain ATCC12837 + SX, Azotobacter + SX, Bacillus acidocaldarius + SX, Bacillus acidoearth + SX, Bacillus albolactis + SX, Bacillus alkalophilus + SX, Bacillus alvei + SX, Bacillus aminoglucosidicus + SX,Bacillus aminovorans + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PTA-4838 (Aveo (trademark) EZ Nematicide) + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain AT332 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain B3 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain DB101 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain DB102 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GB03 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IN937a + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MBI600 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST713 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate strain B246 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 + SX, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. Plantarum strain D747 +SX, Bacillus amylolyticus + SX, Bacillus aneurinolyticus + SX, Bacillus agri + SX, Bacillus atrophaeus + SX, Bacillus atrophaeus strain Abi05 + SX, Bacillus azotoformans + SX, Bacillus badius + SX, Bacillus cereus strain BP01 + SX,Bacillus cereus CNCM strain I-1562 + SX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain AQ746 + SX, Bacillus chitinosporus strain CM-1 + SX, Bacillus circulans + SX, Bacillus coagulans strain TQ33 + SX, Bacillus fastidiosus + SX, Bacillus firmus strain GB-126 + SX, Bacillus firmus strain I-1582 + SX, Bacillus firmus strain NCIM2637 + SX, Bacillus lacticola + SX, Bacillus lactimorbus + SX, Bacillus lactis + SX, Bacillus lautus + SX, Bacillus Lentimorbus + SX, Bacillus lentus + SX, Bacillus licheniformis strain FMCH001 + SX, Bacillus licheniformis strain HB-2 + SX, Bacillus licheniformis strain SB3086 + SX, Bacillus maroccanus + SX, Bacillus medusa + SX, Bacillus megaterium strain YFM3.25 + SX, Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 + SX, Bacillus metiens + SX, Bacillus mojavensis strain SR11 + SX, Bacillus mycoides strain AQ726 + SX, Bacillus mycoides isolate J + SX, Bacillus nematocida + SX, Bacillus nigrificans + SX, Bacillus nigrum + SX, Bacillus popilliae + SX,Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus + SX, Bacillus pumilus strain AQ717 + SX, Bacillus pumilus strain BUF-33 + SX, Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 + SX, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808 + SX, Bacillus siamensis + SX, Bacillus simplex strain CGF2856 + SX, Bacillus smithii + SX, Bacillus sp. strain AQ175 + SX, Bacillus sp. strain AQ177 + SX, Bacillus sp. strain AQ178 + SX, Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 serotype H5a5b + SX, Bacillus sphaericus strain ABTS1743 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain AFS032321 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ153 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain AQ743 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain B246 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain C-3102 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain D747 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain DB101 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain DB102 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain FMCH002 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain FZB24 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain HAI0404 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain IAB / BS03 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain MBI600 + SX,Bacillus subtilis strain QST30002 / AQ30002 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST30004 / AQ30004 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain QST714 + SX, Bacillus subtilis var. Amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 + SX, Bacillus subtillis subsp. natto + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain RTI477 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain N5 NRRL B-50391 + SX, Bacillus subtilis strain DSM17231 + SX, Bacillus tequilensis strain NII-0943 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain AQ52 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain BD#32 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain CR-371 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis strain EX297512 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai strain ABTS-1857 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai strain GC-91 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai strain NB200 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Aizawai Serotype H-7 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain ABTS351 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain BMP123 + SX,Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain CCT1306 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EG2348 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EG2371 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EG7673 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EG7841 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain EVB113-19 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain F810 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain HD-1 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain M-200 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain NCIM2514 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain PB54 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain SA-11 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain SA-12 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain VBTS-2546 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki strain Z-52, serotype H-3a,3b + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni + SX,Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Tenebriosis strain NB 176 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebriosis strain SA-10 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Thuringiensis strain MPPL002 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. colmeri + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. darmstadiensis strain 24-91 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. dendrolimus + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. galleriae + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain BMP144 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain AM65-52 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain EG2215 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain SA3A + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain SUM-6218 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain VCRC B17 serotype 11-14 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. japonensis strain buibui + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. var. aegypti + SX,Bacillus thuringiensis var. 7216 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. Sandiego strain M-7 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis var. T36 + SX, Bacillus velezensis + SX, Bacillus velezensis strain RTI301 + SX, Bacillus velezensis strain FZB42 + SX, bacteriophage of Clavibacter michiganesis + SX, Beauveria bassiana strain ANT-03 + SX, Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC74040 + SX, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA + SX, Beauveria bassiana strain PPRI 5339 + SX, Beauveria bassiana strain IMI389521 + SX, Beauveria brongniartii + SX, Deladenus siridicola + SX, Bovienema spp. + SX, Brevibacillus brevis strain 2904 + SX, Brevibacillus brevis strain SS86-3 + SX, Brevibacillus brevis strain SS86-4 + SX, Brevibacillus brevis strain SS86-5 + SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain ATCC64 + SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain BPM3 + SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain G4 + SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain NCIMB 41419 + SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain NRS1111 + SX,Brevibacillus laterosporus strain NRS1645 + SX, Brevibacillus laterosporus strain NRS1647 + SX, Burkholderia cepacia type Wisconsin strain J82 + SX, Burkholderia cepacia type Wisconsin strain M54 + SX, Burkholderia cepacia type BA-7 + SX, Burkholderia rhinogensis strain A396 + SX, Cameronia spp. + SX, Candida oleophila strain O + SX, Candida saitoana + SX, Candida spp. + SX, Chaetomium cupreum + SX, Chitwoodiella ovofilamenta + SX, Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1T + SX, Cladosporium cladosporioides strain H39 + SX, Conidiobolus obscurus + SX, Coniothyrium minitans strain CGMCC8325 + SX, Coniothyrium minitans strain CGMCC8325 + SX, Coniothyrium minitans strain CON / M / 91-08 + SX, Contortylenchus spp. + SX, Cryptococcus albidus + SX, Culicimermis spp. + SX, Dactyllela ellipsospora + SX, Dactylaria thaumasia + SX, Delftia acidovorans strain RAY209 + SX, Dilophosphora alopecuri + SX, Diplotriaena spp. + SX, Empidomermis spp. + SX, Entomophthora virulenta + SX,Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain CGE234M403 + SX, Filipjevimermis leipsandra + SX, Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47 + SX, Fusarium oxysporum strain RS-21 + SX, Fusarium oxysporum strain RS-25 + SX, Fusariumproliferatum + SX, Gastromermis spp. + SX, Gliocladium catenulatum strain J1446 + SX, gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus + SX, Gongylonema spp. + SX, Gynopoecilia pseudovipara + SX, Harpin protein + SX, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora + SX, Heterorhabditis baujardi + SX, Heterorhabditis heliothidis + SX, Heterorhabditis indica + SX, Heterorhabditis marelatus + SX, Heterorhabditis megidis + SX, Heterorhabditis zealandica + SX, Hexamermis spp. + SX, Hirsutella minnesotensis + SX, Hirsutella rhossiliensis + SX, Hirsutella thompsonii + SX, Hydromermis spp. + SX, Isaria fumosorosea + SX, Isomermis spp. + SX, Lactobacillus acidophilus + SX, Lactobacillus brevis + SX, Lactobacillus plantarum + SX, Lactobacillus spp. + SX, Lagenidium giganteum + SX, Lecanicillium lecanii KV01 + SX,Conidia of Lecanicillium lecanii strain DAOM198499 + SX, Lecanicillium lecanii conidia of strain DAOM216596 + SX, Lecanicillium muscarium strain Ve6 + SX, Limnomermis spp. + SX, Lysobacter antibioticus strain 13-1 + SX, Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3 + SX, Maupasina weissi + SX, Mermis nigrescens + SX, Mesomermis spp. + SX, Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 + SX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum + SX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae BIPESCO 5 / F52 + SX, Metarhizi um flavoviride + SX, Metschnikowia fructicola strain NRRLY-30752 + SX, Microsphaeropsis ochracea + SX, Monacrosporium phymatopagum + SX, Mucor hiemalis + SX, Muscodor albus strain 620 + SX, Muscodor albus strain QST 20799 + SX, Muscodor albus strain SA13 + SX, Muscodor roseus strain A3-5 + SX, Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 + SX, Neomesomermis spp. + SX, Neoparasitylenchus rugulosi + SX, Nomuraea strain CG128 + SX, Nomuraea strain GU87401 + SX, Nomuraea strain SA86101 + SX,Nomuraea relay strain SR86151 + SX, Nomuraea relay strain VA9101 + SX, Nosema locustae + SX, Octomyomermis spp. + SX, Ophiostoma piliferum strain D97 + SX, Isaria fumosorosea Apopka strain 97 + SX, Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 + SX, Paecilomyces tenuipes strain T1 + SX, Paecilomyces variotii strain Q-09 + SX, Paenibacillus alvei strain 2771 + SX, Paenibacillus alvei strain 46C3 + SX, Paenibacillus alvei strain III2E + SX, Paenibacillus alvei strain III3DT-1A + SX, Paenibacillus alvei strain T36 + SX, Paenibacillus macerans + SX, Paenibacillus polymyxa strain AC-1 + SX, Paenibacillus polymyxa strain BS-0105 + SX, Paenibacillus popilliae + SX, Pandora delphacis + SX, Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 + SX, Pantoea vagans strain C9-1 + SX, Parasitaphelenchus spp. + SX, Parasitorhabditis spp. + SX, Parasitelenchus spp. + SX, Pasteuria nishizawae strain Pn1 + SX, Pasteuria penetrans + SX, Pasteuria ramose + SX, Pasteuria usgae + SX, Pectobacterium carotovorum + SX,Penicillium bilaiae strain ATCC22348 + SX, Penicillium citrinum strain VFI-51 + SX, Penicillium vermiculatum + SX, Perutilimermis culicis + SX, Pasteuria thornei + SX, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita + SX, phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA1992 + SX, Physaloptera spp. + SX, phytophthora palmivora + SX, Pichia anomala strain WRL-076 + SX, pichia guilliermondii strain Z1 + SX, pichia guilliermondii strain Z8 + SX, Pochonia chlamydosporia isolate strain PC10 + SX, Pochonia chlamydosporia + SX, Protrellatus spp. + SX, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PN1 + SX, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain WS-1 + SX, Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain TX-1 + SX, Pseudomonas cepacia type Wisconsin strain J82 + SX, Pseudomonas cepacia type Wisconsin strain M54 + SX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain 63-28 + SX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009 + SX, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain MA342 + SX, pseudomonas fluorescens strain 1629RS + SX, pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 + SX,pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL145A + SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain G7090 + SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens biover B strain XJ3 + SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens biover B strain XS18 + SX, Pseudomonas fluorescens biover A strain LRS12 + SX, Pseudomonas proradix + SX, Pseudomonas putida + SX, Pseudomonas reactans + SX, Pseudomonas resinovorans + SX, Pseudomonas rhodesiae strain HAI-0804 + SX, Pseudomonas sp. strain CAB-02 + SX, Pseudomonas syringae strain 742RS + SX, Pseudomonas syringae strain MA-4 + SX, Pseudozyma flocculosa strain PF-A22UL + SX, Pterygodermatites spp. + SX, puccinia thlaspeos strain woad + SX, Purpureocillium lilacinum + SX, Pythium oligandrum strain DV74 + SX, Pythium oligandrum strain M1 + SX, Rhodococcus globerulus strain AQ719 + SX, Romanomermis spp. + SX, saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS02 + SX, saccharomyces cerevisiae strain DDSF623 + SX, sclerotinia minor strain IMI34414 + SX, Serratia entomophila + SX, Serratia marcescens strain 35 + SX,Serratia marcescens strain SRM + SX, Seuratum cadarachense + SX, Sphaerulariopsis spp. + SX, Spirura guianensis + SX, Sporothrix insectorum + SX, Steinernema bibionis + SX, Steinernema carpocapsae + SX, Steinernema feltiae + SX, Steinernema glaseri + SX, Steinernema kraussei + SX, Steinernema riobrave + SX, Steinernema scapterisci + SX, Steinernema scarabaei + SX, Steinernema siamkayai + SX, Steinernema thailandse + SX, Steinernema spp. + SX, Strelkovimermis peterseni + SX, Streptomyces acidiscabies strain RL-110T + SX, Streptomyces candidus strain Y21007-2 + SX, Streptomyces colombiensis + SX, Streptomyces galbus strain QST6047 + SX, Streptomyces goshikiensis + SX, Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 + SX, Streptomyces lavendulae + SX, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US + SX, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 + SX, Streptomyces microflavus strain AQ6121 + SX, Streptomyces prasinus + SX, Streptomyces rimosus + SX, Streptomyces saraceticus + SX,Streptomyces sp. strain NRRL No.B-30145 + SX, Streptomyces sp. strain WYE20 + SX, Streptomyces sp. strain WYE 324 + SX, Streptomyces venezuelae + SX, Subulura spp. + SX, Sulphuretylenchus elongatus + SX, Talaromyces flavus strain SAY-Y-94-01 + SX, Talaromyces flavus strain V117b + SX, Tetrameres spp. + SX, Thelohania solenopsis + SX, Thiobacillus spp. + SX, Trichoderma album + SX, Trichoderma asperelloides strain JM41R + SX, Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC012 + SX, Trichoderma asperellum T25 + SX, Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 + SX, Trichoderma asperellum strain SKT-1 + SX, Trichoderma asperellum strain TV1 + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain IMI 206040 + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain SKT-1 + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain T11 + SX, Trichoderma gamsii strain ICC080 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain 21 + SX,Trichoderma harzianum strain DB 104 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain DSM 14944 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ESALQ-1303 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ESALQ-1306 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain IIHR-Th-2 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM908 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain kd + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain MO1 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain SF + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T39 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain T78 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain TH35 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum rifai + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain K2 + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain F11Bab + SX, Trichoderma harzianum strain RR17Bc + SX, Trichoderma koningii + SX, Trichoderma lignorum + SX, Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI206039 + SX, Trichoderma spp. + SX, trichoderma stromaticum + SX, Trichoderma virens strain G-41 + SX, Trichoderma virens strain GL-21, formaly Gliocladium virens GL-21 + SX, Trichoderma viride + SX,Trichoderma viride strain K5 + SX, Trichoderma viride strain NRRL B-S0S20 + SX, Tsukamurella paurometabola + SX, Typhula phacorrhiza strain 94671 + SX, Ulocladium oudemansii strain HRU3 + SX, Vairimorpha spp. strain Q-09 + SX, Variovorax paradoxus strain GF4526 + SX, Verticillium alboatrum strain WCS850 + SX, Verticillium chlamydosporium + SX, Verticillium dahliae + SX, Verticillium lecani strain NCIM1312 + SX, Virgibacillus pantothenticus strain ATCC14576 + SX, Virgibacillus pantothenticus strain DSM491 + SX, Wolbachia pipientis + SX, Xanthomonas campestris pv poae + SX, Xanthomonas campestris + SX, Xenorhabdus luminescens + SX, Xenorhabdus nematophila + SX, Zoophtora radicans + SX, Acaulospora spp. + SX, Ambispora spp. + SX, Archaeospora spp. + SX, Claroideoglomus spp. + SX, Claroideoglomus etunicatum + SX, Claroideoglomus claroideum + SX, Diversispora spp. + SX, Entrophospora spp. + SX, Funneliformis spp. + SX, Funneliformis mosseae + SX, Geosiphon spp. + SX, Gigaspora spp. + SX,Gigaspora margarita + SX, Gigaspora rosea + SX, Glomus spp. + SX, Glomus aggregatum + SX, Glomus deserticola + SX, Glomus monosporum + SX, Pacispora spp. + SX, Paraglomus spp. + SX, Paraglomus brasilianum + SX, Racocetra spp. + SX, Rhizophagus spp. + SX, Rhizophagus clarus + SX, Rhizophagus intraradices + SX, Rhizophagus irregularis + SX, Rhizophagus irregularis strain DAOM 197198 + SX, Scutellospora spp. + SX, Azorhizobium spp. + SX, Azorhizobium caulinodans + SX, Azospirillum amazonense + SX, Azospirillum brasilense + SX, Azospirillum brasilense strain XOH + SX, Azospirillum brasilense strain Ab-V5 + SX, Azospirillum brasilense strain Ab-V6 + SX, Azospirillum caulinodans + SX, Azospirillum halopraeferens + SX, Azospirillum irakense + SX, Azospirillum lipoferum + SX, Bradyrhizobium spp. + SX, Bradyrhizobium elkanii + SX, Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain SEMIA 587 + SX, Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain SEMIA 5019 + SX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum + SX,Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain TA-11 + SX, Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 110 + SX, Bradyrhizobium liaoningense + SX, Bradyrhizobium lupini + SX, Bradyrhizobium spp. (Arachis) + SX, Bradyrhizobium spp. (Vigna) + SX, Delftia acidovorans + SX, Delftia acidovorans strain RAY209 + SX, Metylobacterium spp. + SX, Mesorhizobium ciceri + SX, Mesorhizobium huakii + SX, Mesorhizobium loti + SX, Mesorhizobium spp. + SX, Rhizobium etli + SX, Rhizobium galegae + SX, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Phaseoli + SX, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii + SX, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae + SX, Rhizobium trifolii + SX, Rhizobium tropici + SX, Sinorhizobium fredii + SX, Sinorhizobium meliloti + SX, Arkansas Fungus 18 + SX, Beauveria bassiana strain ATP02 + SX, Beauveria bassiana strain CG716 + SX, Candida oleophila isolate I-182 + SX, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides + SX, Cryptococcus flavescens + SX, Gliocladium roseum + SX, Glomus etunicatum + SX, Glomus iranicum + SX, Laccaria bicolor + SX,Laccaria laccata + SX, Lecanicillium muscarium strain 1 / 1 + SX, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum isolate IMI 330189 + SX, Isaria fumosorosea strain FE9901 + SX, Phlebiopsis + SX, Phoma macrostroma strain94-44B + SX, Acaulospora longula + SX, Ambispora leptoticha + SX, cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117 + SX, Claroideoglomus claroideum + SX, Claroideoglomus luteum + SX, Pisolithus tinctorius + SX, Rhizopogon amylopogon + SX, Rhizopogon fulvigleba + SX, Rhizopogon luteolus + SX, Rhizopogon villosullus + SX, Scleroderma cepa + SX, Scleroderma citrinum + SX, Suillus granulatus + SX, Suillus punctatapies + SX, Trichoderma asperellum strain kd + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132 + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain 77B + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain K4 + SX, Trichoderma atroviride strain WW10TC4 + SX, Trichoderma harmatum strain TH382 + SX, Trichoderma lignorum strain TL-0601 + SX, Trichoderma saturnisporiu m strain PBP-TH-001 + SX,Tsukamurella paurometabola strain C-924 + SX, Gluconactobacter diazotrophicus strain IMI504853 + SX, Clonostachys rosea strain IDAC 040913-01 + SX, Bacillus cereus Bromelia strain NRRL B-50766 + SX, Bacillus cereus Peumo strain NRRL B-50767 + SX, Bacillus thuringiensis Anemophyla strain NRRL B-50765 + SX, Trichoderma harzianuna strain Gomorteka NRRL 67322 + SX, Bacillus licheniformis strain DSM17236 + SX, Bacillus licheniformis strain copihue NRRL B-67023 + SX, Trichoderma reesei + SX, Corynebacterium flavescens strain B2575 + SX, Chlorella + SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO01 + SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO02 (NRRL B-50930) + SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO03 (NRRL B-50931) + SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO04 (NRRL B-50932) + SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO07 + SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO09 (NRRL B-50937) + SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO10 (NRRL B-50938) + SX, Methylobacterium isolate ISO11 (NRRL B- 50939) + SX, Klebsiella variicola 137 + SX,Adoxophyes orana granulosis virus strain BV-0001 + SX, Anticarsia gemmatalis mNPV + SX, Autographa californica mNPV + SX, Cydia pomonella GV strain V15 + SX, Cydia pomonella GV strain V22 + SX, Cryptophlebia leucotreta GV + SX, Cydia pomonella GV strain CP4 + SX Cydia pomonella granulosis virus R5 (GV strain R5) + SX, Dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus (Dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus) + SX, Helicoverpa armigera NPV strain BV-0003 (Helicoverpa armigera NPV strain BV-0003) + SX, Helicoverpa zea NPV (Helicoverpa zea NPV) + SX, Lymantria dispar NPV (Lymantria dispar NPV) + SX, Mamestra brassicae NPV (Mamestra brassicae NPV) + SX, Mamestra configurata NPV (Mamestra configurata NPV) + SX Neodiprion abietis NPV + SX, Neodiprion lecontei NPV + SX, Neodiprion sertifer NPV + SX,Nosema locustae + SX, Orgyia pseudotsugata NPV + SX, Pieris rapae GV + SX, Plodia interpunctella GV + SX, Spodoptera exigua mNPV + SX, Spodoptera littoralis mNPV + SX, Spodoptera litura NPV + SX, BT crop protein Cry1Ab + SX, BT crop protein Cry1Ac + SX SX, BT crop protein Cry1Fa (BT crop protein Cry1Fa) + SX, BT crop protein Cry1A.105 (BT crop protein Cry1A.105) + SX, BT crop protein Cry2Ab (BT crop protein Cry2Ab) + SX, BT crop protein Vip3A (BT crop protein Vip3A) + SX, BT crop protein mCry3A (BT crop protein mCry3A) + SX, BT crop protein Cry3Ab (BT crop protein Cry3Ab) + SX, BT crop protein Cry3Bb (BT crop protein Cry3Bb) + SX, BT crop protein Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1 (BT crop protein Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1) + SX, chitin + SX, colletochlorin B + SX, concanamycin A + SX, ryanodine + SX, cevadine + SX, veratridine + SX,Pyrethrin I + SX, pyrethrin II + SX, cinerin I + SX, cinerin II + SX, jasmolin I + SX, jasmolin II + SX, oak leaves and bark of Quercus + SX, dried leaves of Dryopteris filix-mas + SX, Artemisia absinthium extract + SX, Cassia nigricans extract + SX, Clitoria ternatea extract + SX, Symphytum officinale extract + SX, Chenopodium ambrosioides extract + SX, Tansy extract (Tanacetum vulgare extract) + SX, Stinging nettle extract (Urtica dioica extract) + SX, Mistletoe extract (Viscum album extract) + SX, Chenopodium anthelminticum seed oil (oil of the seeds of Chenopodium anthelminticum) + SX, Quassia amara wood extract + SX, Tea tree extract (Melaleuca alternifolia extract) + SX, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract + SX, Lupine seedling cotyledon extract (BLAD) + SX, Garlic extract (Allium sativum extract) + SXHorsetail extract (Equisetum arvense) + SX, nasturtium extract (Tropaeolus majus) + SX, neem extract (Azadirachta indica) + SX, Quillaja extract + SX, yellow mustard powder + SX, Schoenocaulon spp. seed extract + SX, Pyrethrum extract + SX, Gougerotin + SX, matrine + SX, ascaridole + SX, capsaicin + SX, deguelin + SX, nootkatone + SX, pellitorine + SX, piperine + SX Tabog extract (extract from Swinglea glutinosa) + SX, cytokinin + SX, N,N'-diformylurea + SX, salicylic acid + SX.

[0029] The ratio of the present compound to the present component is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a weight ratio (present compound:present component) of 1000:1 to 1:1000, 500:1 to 1:500, 100:1 to 1:100, 50:1, 20:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, and the like.

[0030] The present compound is effective against harmful arthropods such as harmful insects and harmful mites, and harmful nematodes. Examples of harmful arthropods and harmful nematodes include the following:

[0031] Hemiptera: Small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), White-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), Corn planthopper (Peregrinus maidis), Yellow leafhopper (Javesella pellucida), Black horned planthopper (Perkinsiella saccharicida), Tagosodes orizicolus and other Delphacidae; Green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps), Taiwan green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens), Black-striped green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix nigropictus), Lightning leafhopper (Recilia dorsalis), Tea green leafhopper (Empoasca onukii), Potato leafhopper (Empoasca Cicadellidae, such as Dalbulus fabae, Dalbulus maidis, Cofana spectra, and Amrasca biguttula biguttula; Aphrophoridae, such as Philaenus spumarius; Cercopidae, such as Mahanarva posticata and Mahanarva fimbriolata;Black bean aphid (Aphis fabae), soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), European apple aphid (Aphis pomi), willow aphid (Aphis spiraecola), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), strawberry aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi), radish aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea), false radish aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), tulip aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), potato aphid (Aulacorthum solani), lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri), wheat collar aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi), corn aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis), citrus black aphid (Toxoptera citricida), peach butterbur aphid (Hyalopterus pruni), barnyard millet aphid (Melanaphis sacchari), Japanese black aphid (Tetraneura nigriabdominalis), cotton aphid (Ceratovacuna lanigera), apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum), English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae), etc. Aphididae; grape aphid (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae), pecan phylloxera (Phylloxera devastatrix), pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera notabilis), southern pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera Phylloxeridae, such as (Russelae);Adelgidae, such as the Japanese hemlock aphid (Adelges tsugae), the balsam woolly aphid (Adelges piceae), and the small brown aphid (Aphrastasia pectinatae); Scotinophara lurida, Scotinophara coarctata, Nezara antennata, Eysarcoris aeneus, Eysarcoris lewisi, Eysarcoris ventralis, Eysarcoris annamita, Halyomorpha halys, and Nezara Pentatomidae, such as the brown stink bug (Euschistus heros), the red-banded stink bug (Piezodorus guildinii), the brown stink bug (Euschistus heros), the red-banded stink bug (Piezodorus guildinii), the Dichelops melacanthus; Cydnidae, such as the ground bug (Scaptocoris castanea); Alydidae, such as the narrow-legged stink bug (Riptortus clavatus), the spider stink bug (Leptocorisa chinensis), and the narrow-legged stink bug (Leptocorisa acuta); Coreidae, such as the narrow-legged stink bug (Cletus punctiger) and the long-legged stink bug (Leptoglossus australis); Cavelerius Lygaeidae, such as the Japanese long-horned bug (Blissus leucopterus), the rice-leaf long-horned bug (Togo hemipterus), and the American long-horned bug (Blissus leucopterus);Miridae (Miridae) such as the red-bearded green rice bug (Trigonotylus caelestialium), the red-striped rice bug (Stenotus rubrovittatus), the long-spined wheat rice bug (Stenodema calcarata), and the rusty rice bug (Lygus lineolaris); Aleyrodidae (Aleyrodidae) such as the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), the tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), the citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri), the citrus spine whitefly (Aleurocanthus spiniferus), the tea spine whitefly (Aleurocanthus camelliae), and the Japanese oak leaf butterflies (Pealius euryae); cyanophylli), red scale (Aonidiella aurantii), pear scale (Diaspidiotus perniciosus), mulberry scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona), Yanon scale (Unaspis yanonensis), false Yanon scale (Unaspis citri) and other scale insects (Diaspididae); Coccidae such as ruby ​​scale (Ceroplastes rubens); Margarodidae such as Icerya purchasi and yellow cotton scale (Icerya seychellarum);Pseudococcidae, such as the eggplant mealybug (Phenacoccus solani), the sable mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis), the wisteria mealybug (Planococcus kraunhiae), the mulberry mealybug (Pseudococcus comstocki), the citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri), the moth mealybug (Pseudococcus calceolariae), the long-legged mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus), and the tuttlemey bug (Brevennia rehi); the citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), the citrus psyllid (Trioza erytreae), the pear psyllid (Cacopsylla pyrisuga), and the Chinese pear psyllid (Cacopsylla Psyllidae, such as the Japanese chinensis, the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), and the cacopsylla (Cacopsylla pyricola); Tingidae, such as the plane tree earworm (Corythucha ciliata), the goldenrod earworm (Corythucha marmorata), the Japanese pear earworm (Stephanitis nashi), and the azalea earworm (Stephanitis pyrioides); Cimicidae, such as the bedbug (Cimex lectularius) and the netted whitefly (Cimex hemipterus); Cicadidae, such as the Quesada gigas; Triatoma infestans, Triatoma rubrofasciata, and Triatoma Reduviidae, such as the Venezuelan assassin bug (Rhodonius prolixus);

[0032] Lepidoptera: Chilo suppressalis, Dark-headed stem borer, Chilo polychrysus, White stem borer, Scirpophaga innotata, Scirpophaga incertulas, Rupela albina, Rice leaf borer, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Marasmia patnalis, Rice casino borer, Marasmia exigua, Cotton borer, Notarcha derogata, European corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, European corn borer, Hellula undalis, Black-spotted corn borer, Herpetogramma luctuosale, Rice stalk moth, Nymphula Crambidae, such as the Japanese corn moth (Elasmopalpus lignosellus), the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), the Japanese two-spotted moth (Euzophera batangensis), and the Japanese striped moth (Cadra cautella);Common cutworm (Spodoptera litura), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), armyworm (Mythimna separata), armyworm moth (Mamestra brassicae), rice armyworm (Sesamia inferens), white armyworm (Spodoptera mauritia), two-banded cutworm moth (Naranga aenescens), white armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta), Spodoptera cosmioides, semi-tropical armyworm (Spodoptera eridania), red cutworm moth (Agrotis ipsilon), silvery rice looper (Autographa nigrisigna), rice yellow looper (Plusia festucae), soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens), Trichoplusia spp., Heliothis spp. such as Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa spp. such as Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea, Noctuidae such as Anticarsia gemmatalis, Alabama argillacea, and Hydraecia immanis; Pieridae such as Pieris rapae;Pear fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), plum fruit moth (Grapholita dimorpha), bean fruit moth (Leguminivora glycinivorella), adzuki bean pea moth (Matsumuraeses azukivora), apple smaller tortrix (Adoxophyes orana fasciata), tea smaller tortrix (Adoxophyes honmai), tea tortrix (Homona magnanima), green tea tortrix (Archips fuscocupreanus), codling moth (Cydia pomonella), citrus fruit borer (Tetramoera schistaceana), bean shoot borer (Epinotia aporema), citrus fruit borer (Citripestis sagittiferella), European grape wine moth (Lobesia Tortricidae such as Caloptilia theivora and Phyllonorycter ringoniella; Gracilariae such as Carposinidae; Leucoptera coffeella, Lyonetiidae such as Lyonetia clerkella, Lyonetia prunifoliella; Lymantria spp. such as Lymantria dispar, Euproctis spp. such as Euproctis pseudoconspersa; Plutella xylostella Plutellidae, such as Plutellidae (Plutella xylostella);Gelechiidae (Gelechiidae) such as Anarsia lineatella, Helcystogramma triannulella, red bollworm moth (Pectinophora gossypiella), potato tuber moth (Pthorimaea operculella), and Tuta absoluta; Arctiidae (Arctiidae) such as Hyphantria cunea; Castniidae (Castniidae) such as Telchin licus; Cossidae (Cossus insularis) and other moths; Geometridae (Geometridae) such as Ascotis selenaria; Parasa Limacodidae such as Stathmopodidae (Stathmopoda masinissa) and the like; Sphingidae such as Acherontia lachesis (Sphingidae); Sesiidae such as Nokona feralis (Nokona feralis), Synanthedon hector (Synanthedon tenuis) and the like; Hesperiidae such as Parnara guttata (Parnara guttata); Tineidae such as Tinea translucens (Tineola bisselliella) and the like.

[0033] Thysanoptera: Thripidae such as Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips palmi, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella intonsa, Stenchaetothrips biformis, Echinothrips americanus, and Scirtothrips perseae; Phlaeothripidae such as Haplothrips aculeatus.

[0034] Diptera: Anthomyiidae such as Delia platura, Delia antiqua, and Pegomya cunicularia; Ulidiidae such as Tetanops myopaeformis; Agromyzidae such as Agromyza oryzae, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, and Chromatomyia horticola; Chloropidae such as Chlorops oryzae; Bactrocera Tephritidae, such as the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), the eggplant fly (Bactrocera latifrons), the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae), the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni), the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), the apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella), and the cherry fruit fly (Rhacochlaena japonica); Ephydridae, such as the rice leafminer (Hydrellia griseola), the Asian rice leafminer (Hydrellia philippina), and the rice leafminer (Hydrellia sasakii); Drosophila suzukii Drosophilidae, such as Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila suzukii) and Drosophila melanogaster; Phoridae, such as Megaselia spiracularis (Megaselia spiracularis); Psychodidae, such as Clogmia albipunctata (Clogmia albipunctata); Sciaridae, such as Bradysia difformis (Sciaridae);Cecidomyiidae (Cicedomyiidae) such as Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) and rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae); Diopsidae (Smelt flies) such as Diopsis macrophthalma; Glossinidae (Tsetse flies) such as Glossina palpalis and Glossina morsitans; Simuliidae (Black flies) such as Simulium japonicum and Simulium damnosum; Phlebotominae (Sand flies); Tipulidae (Crane flies) such as Tipula aino, Common crane fly (Tipula oleracea), and European crane fly (Tipula paludosa); Culex pipiens pallens (Culex pipiens pallens) and Culex pipiens pallens (Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pipiens f. molestus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex vishnui, Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles coluzzii, Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles farauti, Anopheles Culicidae such as minimus; Simulidae such as Prosimulium yezoensis and Simulium ornatum; Tabanidae such as Tabanus trigonus;Muscidae, such as house fly (Musca domestica), giant house fly (Muscina stabulans), stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), and horn fly (Haematobia irritans); Calliphoridae; Sarcophagidae; Chironomidae, such as giant midge (Chironomus plumosus), midge (Chironomus yoshimatsui), and gray midge (Glyptotendipes tokunagai); Fannidae;

[0035] Coleoptera: Diabrotica spp. (e.g., Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), Southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi), Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi), Mexican corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera zeae), Banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata), Cucumber beetle (Diabrotica speciosa), etc.), Bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata), Red-necked leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus), Cucumber beetle (Aulacophora femoralis), Striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata), Cabbage leaf beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae), Western black leaf beetle (Phyllotreta Chrysomelidae, such as the rice beetle (Psylliodes pusilla), cabbage stem beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala), hop beetle (Psylliodes punctulata), Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata), rice leaf beetle (Oulema oryzae), grape colaspis (Colaspis brunnea), corn beetle (Chaetocnema pulicaria), sweet potato leaf beetle (Chaetocnema confinis), potato beetle (Epitrix cucumeris), rice spur beetle (Dicladispa armigera), southern corn leaf beetle (Myochrous denticollis), four-spotted tortoise beetle (Laccoptera quadrimaculata), and tobacco flea beetle (Epitrix hirtipennis); seed corn beetle (Stenolophus Carabidae, such as the Corn Beetle (Clivina lecontei) and the Slender Seed Corn Beetle (Clivina impressifrons);Scarabaeidae such as the cuprea beetle (Anomala cuprea), the rufocuprea beetle (Anomala rufocuprea), the albopilosa beetle (Anomala albopilosa), the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), the long-legged scarab beetle (Heptophylla picea), the European chafer (Rhizotrogus majalis), the black marmorated beetle (Tomarus gibbosus), the black marmorated beetle (Holotrichia spp.), the June beetle (Phyllophaga crinita), and other Phyllophaga spp., Diloboderus spp. such as Diloboderus abderus; coffeae); Aponidae such as Cylas formicarius; Bruchidae such as Zabrotes subfasciatus; Scolytidae such as Tomicus piniperda, Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei);Potato weevil (Euscepes postfasciatus), alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), granaria weevil (Sitophilus granarius), rice weevil (Echinocnemus squameus), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), white grain weevil (Rhabdoscelus lineaticollis), boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), grass band weevil (Sphenophorus venatus), southern cornbill bug (Sphenophorus callosus), soybean stalk weevil (Sternechus subsignatus), sugarcane weevil (Sphenophorus levis), rust gourd weevil (Scepticus The Aracanthus spp. (Aracanthus spp.) such as Aracanthus griseus, Scepticus uniformis, Aracanthus mourei, and the cotton root borer (Eutinobothrus brasiliensis) are also included in the Curculionidae family; the Tenebrionidae (Tenebrionidae) such as Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, and Alphitobius diaperinus are also included in the Coccinellidae family; the Flat-headed Ladybird (Lyctus brunneus), the Rhizopertha dominica); Ptinidae; Cerambycidae, such as Anoplophora malasiaca, Migdolus fryanus, and Aromia bungii;Elateridae beetles such as the Okinawan wireworm beetle (Melanotus okinawensis), the brown-headed wireworm beetle (Agriotes fuscicollis), the comb beetle (Melanotus legatus), the foot-striped wireworm beetle (Anchastus spp.), the Conoderus spp., the Ctenicera spp., the Limonius spp., and the Aeolus spp.; Staphylinidae beetles such as the blue-leaf rove beetle (Paederus fuscipes); the small-leaved weevils (Anthrenus verbasci) and the white-striped weevils (Dermestes Dermestidae such as Trogoderma granarium (Trogoderma maculates) and the like; Anobiidae such as Lasioderma serricorne (tobacco beetle) and Stegobium paniceum (Anobiidae); Laemophloeidae such as Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Laemophloeidae); Silvanidae such as Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Silvanidae); Nitidulidae such as Brassicogethes aeneus (Blossom beetle).

[0036] Orthoptera: Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus), Australian locust (Chortoicetes terminifera), Red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata), Brown locust (Locustana pardalina), Tree locust (Anacridium melanorhodon), Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus), Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis), Two-striped grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus), Migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes), Red-legged grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum), Clear-winged grasshopper (Camnula pellucida), Desert grasshopper (Schistocerca The grasshoppers (Acrididae) include the common locust (Oxya gregaria), yellow-winged locust (Gastrimargus musicus), sparse-throated locust (Austracris guttulosa), oriental grasshopper (Oxya yezoensis), long-winged locust (Oxya japonica), and Taiwan grasshopper (Patanga succincta); the grasshoppers (Gryllotalpidae) include the common house cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis); the crickets (Gryllidae) include the European house cricket (Acheta domestica) and the field cricket (Teleogryllus emma); and the katydids (Tettigoniidae) include the Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex).

[0037] Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae such as Athalia rosae and Athalia japonica; Solenopsis spp. such as Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis geminata, Atta spp. such as Atta capiguara, Acromyrmex spp., Paraponera clavata, Ochetellus glaber, Monomorium pharaonis, Linepithema humile, Formica japonica, Pristomyrmex punctutus, Pheidole Camponotus spp. such as Camponotus noda, Pheidole megacephala, Camponotus japonicus, Camponotus obscuripes, Pogonomyrmex spp. such as Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, Wasmania spp. such as Wasmania auropunctata, Formicidae such as Anoplolepis gracilipes; Vespa mandarinia, Vespa simillima, Vespa analis, Vespa Vespidae, such as Polistes velutina and Polistes jokahamae; Siricidae, such as Urocerus gigas; and Bethylidae.

[0038] Blattodea: Ectobiidae, such as the German cockroach (Blattella germanica); Blattidae, such as the American cockroach (Periplaneta fuliginosa), the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), the American cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae), the brown cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea), and the Asian cockroach (Blatta orientalis); Reticulitermes speratus, Coptotermes formosanus, Incisitermes minor, Cryptotermes domesticus, Odontotermes formosanus, and Neotermes Termites of the family Termitidae, such as the Satsuma termite (Glyptotermes satsumensis), Nakajima termite (Glyptotermes nakajimai), Katan termite (Glyptotermes fuscus), Hodotermopsis sjostedti, Koshu termite (Coptotermes guangzhouensis), Amami termite (Reticulitermes amamianus), Miyatake termite (Reticulitermes miyatakei), Formosan termite (Reticulitermes kanmonensis), Takasago termite (Nasutitermes takasagoensis), Snocapritermes nitobei, Sinocapritermes mushae, and Cornitermes cumulans.

[0039] Order Siphonaptera: Family Pulicidae such as human flea (Pulex irritans), cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis), rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis), chicken flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea), etc.; Family Hectopsyllidae such as sand flea (Tunga penetrans); Family Ceratophyllidae such as European rat flea (Nosopsyllus fasciatus).

[0040] Psocodae: Pediculidae, such as head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis); Pthiridae, such as pubic louse (Pthirus pubis); Haematopinidae, such as cow louse (Haematopinus eurysternus) and pig louse (Haematopinus suis); Linognathidae, such as cow louse (Linognathus vituli), sheep trunk louse (Linognathus ovillus), and woolly cow louse (Solenopotes capillatus); Bovicola bovis, sheep louse (Bovicola ovis), Bovicola breviceps, Damalinia Bovicoliidae, such as Trichodectes canis and Felicola subrostratus; Menoponidae, such as Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, and Trinoton spp.; Trimenoponidae, such as Cummingsia spp.; Trogiidae, such as Trogium pulsatorium; Liposcelis corrodens and Liposcelis Liposcelidae or Liposcelididae, such as Liposcelis bostrychophila, Liposcelis pearmani, and Liposcelis entomophila.

[0041] Thysanura: Family Lepismatidae, including the Japanese silverfish (Ctenolepisma villosa) and the European silverfish (Lepisma saccharina).

[0042] Acari: Tetranychidae such as Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus evansi, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Oligonychus spp.; Aculops pelekassi, Aculops citri, Aculops lycopersici, Calacarus carinatus, Acaphylla theavagrans, Eriophyes chibaensis, Aculops spp. Eriophyidae such as Aceria diospyri, Aceria tosichella, and Shevtchenkella sp.; Tarsonemidae such as Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae such as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tuckerellidae;Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis japonica, Haemaphysalis campanulata, Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor taiwanensis, Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ovatus, Ixodes persulcatus, Black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), Western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus), Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes ricinus, Lone star tick (Amblyomma Ixodidae ticks such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus annulatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and Rhipicephalus decoloratus; Argasidae ticks such as Argas persicus, Ornithodoros hermsi, and Ornithodoros turicata; Acaridae ticks such as Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Tyrophagus similis; Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Pyroglyphidae, such as Pteronyssinus;Cheyletidae such as Cheyletus eruditus, Cheyletus malaccensis, Chelacaropsis moorei, and Cheyletiella yasguri; Psoroptidae such as Psoroptes ovis, Psoroptes equi, Knemidocoptes mutans, Otodectes cynotis, and Chorioptes spp.; Notoedres cati, Notoedres muris, and Sarcoptes Sarcoptidae such as (Scabiei); Listrophoridae such as (Listrophorus gibbus); Dermanyssidae such as (Dermanyssus gallinae); Macronyssidae such as (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) and (Ornithonyssus bacoti); Varroa destructor such as (Varroa jacobsoni); Demodicidae such as (Demodex canis) and (Demodex cati); Leptotrombidium akamushi and (Leptotrombidium Trombiculidae, such as Leptotrombidium scutellare, Leptotrombidium pallidum, and Leptotrombidium scutellare.

[0043] Araneae: Eutichuridae, such as Cheiracanthium japonicum; Theridiidae, such as Latrodectus hasseltii. Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae, such as Oxidus gracilis and Nedyopus tambanus. Isopoda: Armadillidiidae, such as Armadillidium vulgare. Chilopoda: Scutigeridae such as Thereuonema hilgendorfi; Scolopendridae such as Scolopendra subspinipes; Ethopolyidae such as Bothropolys rugosus.

[0044] Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae, such as the rice root-lesion nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi); Pratylenchidae, such as the southern root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus coffeae), Pratylenchus brachyurus, the wheat root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus neglectus), and Radopholus similis; Java root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica), sweet potato root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), guava root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne enterolobii), northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla), soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), potato cyst nematode (Globodera Heteroderidae (Heteroderidae) such as Globodera pallida (potato white cyst nematode), Rotylenchulus reniformis (Hoplolaimidae) such as Rotylenchulus reniformis (Hoplolaimidae) such as Rotylenchulus reniformis (Strawberry Root Nematode), Ditylenchus dipsaci (Sea Root Nematode) such as Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Citrus Root Nematode) such as Xiphinema index (Grape Thread Nematode) such as Trichodoridae (Trichodoridae) such as Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Pine Wood Nematode) such as Trichuris suis (Pig Whipworm) and Trichuris ovis), Trichuris discolor, etc.; Trichuridae;Capillariidae, such as Capillaria suis, Calodium hepaticum, Paracapillaria philippinensis, Pearsonema plica, and Pearsibena spp.; Trichinellidae, such as Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi; Strongyloides papillosus, Strongyloides planiceps, Strongyloides ransomi, and Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloides edentatus, Strongylus vulgaris, Triodontophorus spp., Oesophagodontus spp., and Cylicostephanus Strongylidae such as spp.; Chabertiidae such as Oesophagostomum dentatum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, and Chabertia ovina; Stephanuridae such as Stephanurus dentatus; Dioctophymatidae such as Dioctophyme renale; Brazilian hookworm (Ancylostoma braziliense), dog hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), Duodenale hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale), Uncinaria stenocephala, cattle hookworm (Bunostomum phlebotomum), sheep hookworm (Bunostomum trigonocephalum), Globocephalus Ancylostomatidae, such as Syngamus skrjabinomorpha, Syngamus trachea, and Cyathostoma bronchialis;Metastrongylidae such as Metastrongylus apri; Dictyocaulidae such as Dictyocaulus filaria and Dictyocaulus viviparus; Crenosomatidae such as Crenosoma aerophila and Crenosoma vulpis; Angiostrongylidae such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Angiostrongylus vasorum, and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus; Filaroididae such as Filaroides hirthi and Filaroides osleri; Trichostrongylidae such as Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Obeliscoides cuniculi; Haemonchus Haemonchidae, such as Hyostrongylus rubidus, Mecistocirrus digitatus, and Ostertagia ostertagi; Molineidae, such as Nematodirus filicollis and Nematodirus spathiger; Oxyuridae, such as Enterobius vermicularis, Oxyuris equi, and Passalurus ambiguus; Heterakidae, such as Heterakis gallinarum; Ascarididae, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris suum, and Parascaris equorum; Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxocara Toxocaridae, such as Anisakis spp.; Anisakidae, such as Anisakis spp.;Ascaridiidae such as chicken roundworm (Ascaridia galli); Gnathostomatidae such as Gnathostoma doloresi; Physalopteridae such as Physaloptera felidis and Physaloptera rara; Thelaziidae such as Thelazia callipaeda and Thelazia gulosa; Gongylonematidae such as Gongylonema pulchrum; Habronematidae such as Habronema majus, Habronema muscae, and Draschia megastoma; Dracunculidae such as Dracunculus medinensis; Spirocercidae such as Ascarops strongylina; Stephanofilaria Filariidae such as Parafilaria okinawaensis, Parafilaria multipapillosa, Parafilaria bovicola, etc.; Setariidae such as Setaria digitata and Setaria equina, etc.; Onchocercidae such as Dirofilaria immitis, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca cervicalis, Onchocerca gibsoni, Dipetalonema reconditum, Wuchereria bancrofti, etc.;

[0045] The harmful insects, harmful arthropods such as harmful mites, and harmful nematodes may be harmful insects, harmful arthropods such as harmful mites, and harmful nematodes that have reduced sensitivity to insecticides, acaricides, or nematocides, or that have developed drug resistance.

[0046] The method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes of the present invention is carried out by applying an effective amount of the present compound or composition A directly to the harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes and / or to the habitat of the harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes (plants, soil, inside a house, animals, etc.). Examples of the method for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes of the present invention include foliage treatment, soil treatment, root treatment, shower treatment, fumigation treatment, water surface treatment, and seed treatment.

[0047] The present compound or Composition A is typically mixed with an inert carrier such as a solid carrier, liquid carrier, or gaseous carrier, and a surfactant, and formulation adjuvants such as binders, dispersants, and stabilizers are added as needed to formulate it into an aqueous suspension, oil suspension, oil solution, emulsifiable concentrate, emulsion, microemulsion, microcapsule, wettable powder, water dispersible granule, dust, granule, tablet, aerosol, resin formulation, or the like. In addition to these formulations, the present compound or Composition A can also be formulated into dosage forms described in the Manual on development and use of FAO and WHO Specifications for pesticides, FAO Plant Production and Protection Papers-271 to 276, prepared by the FAO / WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Specifications, 2016, ISSN:0259-2517. These formulations typically contain 0.0001 to 99% by weight of the present compound or Composition A.

[0048] Examples of solid carriers include clay (pyrophyllite clay, kaolin clay, etc.), talc, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite, acid clay, attapulgite, white carbon, ammonium sulfate, vermiculite, perlite, pumice, silica sand, fine powder and granular chemical fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride, etc.), and resins (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, etc.).

[0049] Examples of liquid carriers include water, alcohols (ethanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), ketones (acetone, cyclohexanone, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (xylene, phenylxylylethane, methylnaphthalene, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane, cyclohexane, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, methyl oleate, propylene carbonate, etc.), nitriles (acetonitrile, etc.), ethers (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, etc.), amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyloctanamide, etc.), sulfoxides (dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.), lactams (N-methylpyrrolidone, N-octylpyrrolidone, etc.), fatty acids (oleic acid, etc.), and vegetable oils (soybean oil, etc.).

[0050] Examples of gaseous carriers include fluorocarbons, butane gas, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), dimethyl ether, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide gas.

[0051] Examples of surfactants include nonionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, etc.) and anionic surfactants (alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, etc.).

[0052] Other formulation adjuvants include binders, dispersants, colorants, stabilizers, etc., and specific examples include polysaccharides (starch, gum arabic, cellulose derivatives, alginic acid, etc.), lignin derivatives, synthetic water-soluble polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acids, etc.), acid isopropyl phosphate, and dibutylhydroxytoluene.

[0053] In the present invention, the plant includes the whole plant, stems and leaves, flowers, spikes, fruits, trunks, branches, crowns, seeds, vegetative reproductive organs, and seedlings.

[0054] Vegetative reproductive organs refer to plant roots, stems, leaves, and other parts that can grow when separated from the main body and placed in soil. Examples of vegetative reproductive organs include tuberous roots, creeping roots, bulbs, corms (or solid bulbs), tubers, rhizomes, stolons, rhizophores, cane cuttings, propagules, and vine cuttings. Stolons are sometimes called runners, and propagules are also called bulbils and are divided into broad buds and bulbils. Vines refer to shoots (a collective term for leaves and stems) of plants such as sweet potatoes and Japanese yams. Bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, stem fragments, rhizophores, and tuberous roots are collectively called bulbils. Potato cultivation begins by planting tubers in the soil, and the tubers used are generally called seed potatoes.

[0055] Examples of methods for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes by applying an effective amount of the present compound or composition A to the soil include a method of applying an effective amount of the present compound or composition A to the soil before or after planting a plant, a method of applying an effective amount of the present compound or composition A to the rhizosphere of a crop to be protected from damage such as feeding by harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes, and a method of systemically translocating an effective amount of the present compound or composition A from the roots or the like into the interior of the plant body to control harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes that feed on plants. More specifically, for example, planting hole treatment (spraying in planting holes, mixing in planting hole treatment soil), plant base treatment (spraying in planting holes, mixing in plant base soil, plant base irrigation, plant base treatment in the latter half of the seedling raising period), planting furrow treatment (spraying in planting furrows, mixing in planting furrow soil), row treatment (row spraying, row soil mixing, row spraying in the growing season), row treatment at sowing (row spraying at sowing, mixing in row soil at sowing), overall treatment (overall soil spraying, overall soil mixing), side row treatment, water surface treatment (water surface application, water surface application after flooding), other soil spray treatments (foliar spraying of granules during the growing season, spraying under the crown or around the main trunk, soil surface spraying, soil surface mixing, seeding hole spraying, furrow surface spraying, spraying between plants), and others. Other irrigation treatments include soil irrigation, seedling irrigation, chemical injection treatment, ground level irrigation, chemical drip irrigation, chemigation), seedling tray treatments (seedling tray spraying, seedling tray irrigation, seedling tray flooding), seedling tray treatments (seedling tray spraying, seedling tray irrigation, seedling tray flooding), seedling bed treatments (seedling bed spraying, seedling bed irrigation, water seedling bed spraying, seedling immersion), bed soil mixing treatments (bed soil mixing, bed soil mixing before sowing, spraying before soil covering at sowing, spraying after soil covering at sowing, covering soil mixing), and other treatments (hilling soil mixing, plowing in, topsoil mixing, rain-drop soil mixing, planting position treatment, granular inflorescence spraying, paste fertilizer mixing).

[0056] Seed treatments include, for example, treatment of seeds or vegetative reproductive organs with the present compound or Composition A. More specifically, examples include spray treatments in which a suspension of the present compound or Composition A is sprayed onto the surface of seeds or vegetative reproductive organs in a mist; smear treatments in which the present compound or Composition A is applied to seeds or vegetative reproductive organs; immersion treatments in which seeds or vegetative reproductive organs are immersed in a solution of the present compound or Composition A for a certain period of time; and methods of coating seeds or vegetative reproductive organs with a carrier containing the present compound or Composition A (film coating treatments, pellet coating treatments, etc.). Seed potatoes are particularly examples of such vegetative reproductive organs. When applying Composition A to seeds or vegetative reproductive organs, Composition A can be applied to the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs as a single formulation, or different formulations of Composition A can be applied to the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs in multiple separate applications. Examples of methods for treating seeds or vegetative reproductive organs with multiple different formulations of Composition A include a method of treating the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs with a formulation containing only the present compound as an active ingredient, air-drying the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs, and then treating them with a formulation containing the present component; and a method of treating the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs with a formulation containing the present compound and the present component as active ingredients, air-drying the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs, and then treating them with a formulation containing the present component other than the component already treated. In the present invention, seeds or vegetative reproductive organs carrying the present compound or Composition A refer to seeds or vegetative reproductive organs to which the present compound or Composition A is attached. The seeds or vegetative reproductive organs carrying the present compound or Composition A may have materials other than the present compound or Composition A attached before or after the attachment of the present compound or Composition A to the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs. Furthermore, when Composition A is attached to the surface of the seeds or vegetative reproductive organs in layers, the layers may consist of one layer or multiple layers. Furthermore, when the layers consist of multiple layers, each layer may contain one or more active ingredients, or may consist of a layer containing one or more active ingredients and a layer containing no active ingredients. Seeds or vegetative reproductive organs carrying the present compound or composition A can be obtained, for example, by applying a formulation containing the present compound or composition A to seeds or vegetative reproductive organs by the seed treatment method described above.

[0057] When the present compound or composition A is used for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes in the agricultural field, the application rate is 10,000 m 2 The amount of the present compound is usually 1 to 10,000 g per kg of seed or vegetative reproductive organ. When treating seeds or vegetative reproductive organs, the amount of the present compound applied is usually in the range of 0.001 to 100 g per kg of seed or vegetative reproductive organ. When the present compound or Composition A is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, flowable concentrate, etc., it is usually applied after being diluted with water to an active ingredient concentration of 0.01 to 10,000 ppm, and granules, dusts, etc. are usually applied as is.

[0058] The present compound or composition A can also be applied by wrapping a resin preparation in the form of a sheet or string around the crop, stretching it near the crop, or spreading it on the soil around the base of the plant.

[0059] When the present compound or composition A is used to control harmful arthropods living in houses, the application rate is 1 / 2 of the treatment area of ​​1 m when applying to a surface. 2 The amount of the compound is usually 0.01 to 1000 mg per 1 m of treatment space. 3 When the present compound or composition A is formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, flowable concentrate or the like, it is usually applied after diluting with water so that the active ingredient concentration becomes 0.1 to 10,000 ppm, whereas oil solutions, aerosols, fumigants, poison baits and the like are applied as they are.

[0060] When the present compound or Composition A is used to control harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes that parasitize livestock such as cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens, or small animals such as dogs, cats, rats, and mice, it can be administered to animals by methods known in veterinary medicine. Specific methods of use include oral administration by incorporating the compound into tablets, capsules, chewable tablets, feed, etc.; administration by suppository or injection (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, etc.); spraying, applying, or dripping oil solutions, aqueous solutions, spot-on preparations, pour-on preparations, shampoos, lotions, pastes, etc.; or processing resin preparations into collars, ear tags, bracelets, and clothing and attaching them to the animal. The amount of the present compound when administered to animals is typically in the range of 0.1 to 1,000 mg per kg of the animal's body weight.

[0061] Furthermore, the present compound or composition A can be used as an agent for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes in agricultural lands such as fields, paddy fields, lawns, orchards, etc. Examples of plants include the following.

[0062] Corn (horse-tooth, hard grain, soft grain, explosive, glutinous, sweet, field corn), rice (long grain, short grain, medium grain, japonica, tropical japonica, indica, javanica, paddy rice, upland rice, floating rice, direct-seeded rice, transplanted rice, glutinous rice), wheat (bread wheat (hard, soft, medium, red wheat, white wheat), durum wheat, spelt wheat, club wheat, each winter wheat type, spring wheat type), barley (two-row barley (= beer barley), six-row barley, naked barley, waxy barley, each winter barley type, spring barley type), rye (winter rye type, spring rye type), triticale (winter triticale type, spring triticale type), oats (winter oat type, spring oat type), sorghum, cotton (upland type, pima type), soybean (fully harvested seed varieties, edamame varieties, green-harvested varieties, indeterminate, determinate, semi-determinate types), peanuts, buckwheat, sugar beet (sugar production, animal feed, root vegetable, leafy vegetable, fuel), rapeseed (winter rapeseed type, spring rapeseed type), canola (winter canola type, spring canola type), sunflower (oil production, food, ornamental), sugarcane, tobacco, tea plant, mulberry, solanaceous vegetables (eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, chili pepper) , potatoes, etc.), Cucurbitaceae vegetables (cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon, etc.), Cruciferous vegetables (radish, turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, mustard greens, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.), Asteraceae vegetables (burdock, garland chrysanthemum, artichoke, lettuce, etc.), Liliaceae vegetables (leeks, onions, garlic, asparagus, etc.), Umbelliferae vegetables (carrots, parsley, celery, parsley, etc.), Chenopodiaceae vegetables (spinach, Swiss chard, etc.), Lamiaceae vegetables (perilla, mint, basil, etc.), strawberries, sweet potatoes, yams, scallions, Sweet potatoes, pome fruits (apples, European pears, Japanese pears, Chinese pears, quince, quince, etc.), stone fruits (peaches, plums, nectarines, plums, cherries, apricots, prunes, etc.), citrus fruits (Satsuma mandarins, oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, etc.), nuts (chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc.), berries (blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, raspberries, etc.), grapes, persimmons, figs, olives, loquats, bananas, coffee, dates, coconuts, ornamental plants, forest plants,Turfgrass, pasture grass,

[0063] The above-mentioned plants are not particularly limited as long as they are varieties that are commonly cultivated, and include plants that can be produced by natural crossbreeding, plants that can be generated by mutation, F1 hybrid plants, and genetically modified crops. Examples of genetically modified crops include plants that have been conferred resistance to herbicides such as HPPD (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme) inhibitors such as isoxaflutole, ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors such as imazethapyr and thifensulfuron methyl, EPSP (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) inhibitors, glutamine synthetase inhibitors, PPO (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitors, bromoxynil, or dicamba; plants that are capable of synthesizing selective toxins known to be found in the genus Bacillus, such as Bacillus thuringiensis; and plants that can be conferred specific insecticidal activity by synthesizing gene fragments that partially match endogenous genes derived from harmful insects and inducing gene silencing (RNAi; RNA interference) in the target harmful insect.

[0064] The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to production examples, formulation examples and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0065] Compounds 1 to 3 were obtained in accordance with the method for obtaining norzoanthamin, zoanthamin, and norzoantaminone described in Reference Example 1 of the Examples of JP-A-10-53589. Compound 4 was isolated and obtained in accordance with the method for obtaining zoantaminone described in Heterocyclic Communications, 1995, 1(2-3), 207-214.

[0066] Preparation Example 1 Compound 1 was obtained in accordance with Reference Example 1 of the Examples in JP-A-10-53589. 1 The H-NMR data is as follows: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ３) δ (ppm): 0.91 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 1.01 (6H, s), 1.09 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 12Hz), 1.16 (3H, s), 1.43-1.60 (3H, m), 1 .66-1.79 (2H, m), 1.88-1.92 (1H, m), 1.92 (1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.02 (3H, s), 2.09 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 4.7Hz), 2.16 ( 1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.19-2.25 (4H, m), 2.37 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 2.51 (1H, dd, J = 14Hz, 12Hz), 2.64-2.72 (2H, m), 2.8 4 (1H, s), 3.23 (1H, t, J = 6.1Hz), 3.28 (1H, d, J = 6.1Hz), 3.67 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 4.55-4.56 (1H, m), 5.92 (1H, s).

[0067] Preparation Example 2 Compound 2 was obtained in accordance with Reference Example 1 of the Examples in JP-A-10-53589. 1 The H-NMR data is as follows: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ３ ) δ (ppm): 0.92 (3H, d, J = 6.4Hz), 0.98 (3H, s), 1.00 (3H, s), 1.10 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 12Hz), 1.17 (3H, d, J = 6.9Hz), 1.20 (3H, s) , 1.47-1.59 (3H, m), 1.66-1.81 (2H, m), 1.87-1.91 (1H, m), 1.92 (1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.10 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 4.9Hz) , 2.17 (1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.17-2.30 (3H, m), 2.37 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 2.38-2.46 (1H, m), 2.66 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 5.5Hz), 2.99-3.0 4 (1H, m), 3.22 (1H, s), 3.25 (1H, d, J = 6.9Hz), 3.29 (1H, d, J = 6.9Hz), 3.67 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 4.54-4.57 (1H, m), 5.92 (1H, s).

[0068] Preparation Example 3 Compound 3 was obtained in accordance with Reference Example 1 of the Examples in JP-A-10-53589. 1 The H-NMR data is as follows: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ３ ) δ (ppm): 0.90 (3H, d, J = 6.4Hz), 1.02 (3H, s), 1.07 (3H, s), 1.11 (1H, d, J = 12Hz), 1.28 (3H, s), 1.41-1. 48 (1H, m), 1.53-1.61 (2H, m), 1.76-1.88 (3H, m), 1.97 (1H, dd, J = 12Hz, 5.2Hz), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.21-2.3 2 (2H, m), 2.49-2.76 (4H, m), 2.55 (1H, d, J = 21Hz), 2.97 (1H, s), 3.03 (1H, d, J = 8.4Hz), 3.36 (1H, dd, J = 18Hz, 3.4Hz), 3.99 (1H, dd, J = 8.4Hz, 6.8Hz), 4.13 (1H, d, J = 21Hz), 4.53 (1H, d, J = 6.8Hz), 5.91 (1H, s).

[0069] Preparation Example 4 Compound 4 was obtained according to the method for obtaining zoantaminone described in Heterocyclic Communications, 1995, 1(2-3), 207-214. 1 The H-NMR data is as follows: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ３) δ (ppm): 0.90 (3H, d, J = 6.6Hz), 0.99 (3H, s), 1.02-1.07 (1H, m), 1.10 (3H, s), 1.17 (3H, d, J = 6.8Hz), 1.25 (3H, s), 1 .45-1.89 (6H, m), 2.00 (1H, dd, J = 14Hz, 4.8Hz), 2.03 (3H, s), 2.14 (1H, dd, J = 18Hz, 11Hz), 2.26-2.32 (1H, m), 2.55 (1 H, d, J=20Hz), 2.61 (1H, dd, J=14Hz, 5.4Hz), 2.82 (1H, dd, J=14Hz, 11Hz, 3.9Hz), 2.98-3.03 (2H, m), 3.27 (1H, dd, J= 18Hz, 3.9Hz), 3.36 (1H, s), 4.01 (1H, dd, J = 8.0Hz, 7.0Hz), 4.11 (1H, d, J = 20Hz), 4.53 (1H, d, J = 7.0Hz), 5.90 (1H, s).

[0070] Preparation Example 5 Compound 5 was obtained in accordance with Reference Example 2 of the Examples in JP-A-10-53589. 1 The H-NMR data is as follows: 1 H-NMR (CD ３ OD) δ (ppm): 1.02 (3H, s), 1.03 (3H, d, J = 7.4Hz), 1.36 (3H, s), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.49 (1H, t, J = 13Hz), 1. 64-1.71 (1H, m), 1.82 (1H, d, J = 15Hz), 1.90-1.99 (3H, m), 2.03 (1H, d, J = 15Hz), 2.07 (3H, s), 2.32 ( 1H, d, J = 14Hz), 2.47-2.76 (8H, m), 2.92 (1H, d, J = 16Hz), 3.16 (1H, d, J = 16Hz), 3.33 (1H, d, J = 15Hz) , 3.34 (1H, s), 4.26 (1H, dd, J = 13Hz, 6.5Hz), 4.38 (1H, d, J = 13Hz), 4.95-4.97 (1H, m), 5.93 (1H, s).

[0071] Preparation Example 6 Compound 6 was prepared as follows. 15 drops of 1.2N hydrochloric acid were added to a solution of 25.5 mg of zoanthamin in 2.5 mL of methanol, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 28.5 mg of Compound 6. 1 The H-NMR data is as follows: 1 H-NMR (CD ３ OD) δ (ppm): 1.01 (3H, s), 1.04 (3H, d, J = 6.3Hz), 1.20 (3H, d, J = 7.0Hz), 1.34 (3H, s), 1.53 (3H, s), 1.47-1.54 (1H, m), 1.68 (1H, ddd, J = 14Hz, 12Hz, 2.3Hz), 1.84 (1H, dd, J = 15Hz, 3.5Hz), 1.81-2.03 (3 H, m), 1.98 (1H, d, J = 15Hz), 2.07 (3H, s), 2.33 (1H, dt, J = 14Hz, 3.5 Hz), 2.43-2.46 (2H, m), 2.54-2.61 (2H, m), 2.73 (1H, dd, J = 14Hz, 5 .3Hz), 2.90-2.97 (2H, m), 3.05 (1H, dq, J=7.0Hz, 5.3Hz), 3.20 (1H , d, J=15Hz), 3.36 (1H, s), 3.39 (1H, d, J=15Hz), 4.29 (1H, dd, J=13 Hz, 6.2Hz), 4.38 (1H, d, J=13Hz), 4.96-4.97 (1H, m), 5.94 (1H, s).

[0072] Next, formulation examples of the present compound are shown. Note that parts are parts by weight. Furthermore, the present compound S represents the compounds of the present compound 1 to the present compound 40.

[0073] Formulation Example 1 35 parts of a mixture of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ammonium salt and silica (weight ratio 1:1), 10 parts of any one of the present compounds S, and 55 parts of water are mixed and finely pulverized by a wet pulverization method to obtain a formulation.

[0074] Formulation Example 2 50 parts of any one of the present compounds S, 3 parts of calcium lignosulfonate, 2 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, and 45 parts of silica are ground and mixed to obtain a formulation.

[0075] Formulation Example 3: A formulation is obtained by mixing 5 parts of any one of the present compounds S, 9 parts of polyoxyethylene styrylphenyl ether, 5 parts of polyoxyethylene decyl ether (number of ethylene oxide added: 5), 6 parts of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 75 parts of xylene.

[0076] Formulation Example 4: 2 parts of any one of the present compounds S, 1 part of silica, 2 parts of calcium lignosulfonate, 30 parts of bentonite, and 65 parts of kaolin clay are pulverized and mixed, and an appropriate amount of water is added and kneaded. The mixture is granulated in a granulator and then dried to obtain a formulation.

[0077] Formulation Example 5 10 parts of any one of the present compounds S is mixed with a mixture of 18 parts of benzyl alcohol and 9 parts of DMSO, and 6.3 parts of GERONOL (registered trademark) TE250, 2.7 parts of Ethylan (registered trademark) NS-500LQ, and 54 parts of solvent naphtha are added thereto and mixed to obtain a formulation.

[0078] Formulation Example 6: 0.1 parts of any one of the present compounds S and 39.9 parts of kerosene are mixed and dissolved, placed in an aerosol container, and filled with 60 parts of liquefied petroleum gas (a mixture of propane, butane, and isobutane; saturated vapor pressure: 0.47 MPa (25°C)) to obtain a formulation.

[0079] Formulation Example 7: 0.2 parts of any one of the present compounds S, 50 parts of pyrethrum extract residue powder, 30 parts of Tabu powder, and 19.8 parts of wood flour are mixed, an appropriate amount of water is added, and the mixture is kneaded. The mixture is then extruded into a plate-shaped sheet, and then wound into a spiral shape using a die-cutting machine to obtain a formulation.

[0080] Next, the efficacy of the present compound against harmful arthropods and harmful nematodes will be shown by test examples. In the following test examples, the tests were carried out at 25°C. The untreated group refers to a group in which the same procedures as the treated group were carried out except that the test compound was not used.

[0081] Test Method 1: A test compound is formulated according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Syndyne (registered trademark) is added to this to prepare a diluted solution containing the test compound at a predetermined concentration. The diluted solution is sprayed at a rate of 20 mL per seedling on cabbage (Brassicae oleracea) seedlings (at the third to fourth true leaf stage) planted in a container. Ten third-instar larvae of the common cutworm are then released. After six days, the number of surviving insects is counted and the mortality rate is calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (1 - number of surviving insects / 10) x 100

[0082] Test Example 1-1: The test was carried out according to Test Method 1 using the following compounds as test compounds at a predetermined concentration of 200 ppm. As a result, all of the following compounds showed a mortality rate of 100%. Compounds: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0083] Test Method 2: A test compound is formulated according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Syndyne (registered trademark) is added to prepare a diluted solution containing the test compound at a predetermined concentration. The diluted solution is sprayed at a rate of 20 mL per seedling on cabbage (Brassicae oleracea) seedlings (at the third to fourth true leaf stage) planted in a container. Ten third-instar diamondback moth larvae are then released. After six days, the number of surviving insects is counted and the mortality rate is calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (1 - number of surviving insects / 10) x 100

[0084] Test Example 2-1: A test was carried out according to Test Method 2 using the following compounds as test compounds at a predetermined concentration of 200 ppm. As a result, all of the following compounds showed a mortality rate of 100%. Compounds: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0085] Test Example 2-2: Formulation Example 1 was used instead of Formulation Example 5, the predetermined concentration was set to 500 ppm, and the following compounds were used as test compounds in accordance with Test Method 2. As a result, the following compounds showed a mortality rate of 80%.

[0086] Test Method 3 A test compound is formulated according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Syndyne (registered trademark) is added to prepare a diluted solution containing the test compound at a predetermined concentration. Approximately 30 cotton aphids (all stages) are inoculated onto cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings (at the second true leaf stage) planted in a container. One day later, the diluted solution is sprayed onto the seedlings at a rate of 10 mL per seedling. After a further five days, the number of surviving insects is counted, and the control titer is calculated using the following formula: Control titer (%) = {1 - (Cb x Tai) / (Cai x Tb)} x 100. The letters in the formula have the following meanings: Cb: number of test insects in the untreated area Cai: number of surviving insects at the time of investigation in the untreated area Tb: number of test insects in the treated area Tai: number of surviving insects at the time of investigation in the treated area

[0087] Test Example 3-1: A test was carried out in accordance with Test Method 3 using the following compounds as test compounds at a predetermined concentration of 200 ppm. As a result, all of the following compounds showed a control value of 90% or more. Compounds: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0088] Test Method 4 A test compound is formulated according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water is added to prepare a diluted solution containing the test compound at a predetermined concentration. The diluted solution is irrigated at the base of cucumber seedlings (at the second true leaf stage) planted in a container at a rate of 5 mL per seedling. After 7 days, approximately 30 cotton aphids (all stages) are inoculated onto the leaf surface of the seedlings. After a further 6 days, the number of surviving insects is counted, and the control titer is calculated using the following formula: Control titer (%) = {1 - (Cb x Tai) / (Cai x Tb)} x 100. The letters in the formula have the following meanings: Cb: number of test insects in the untreated area Cai: number of surviving insects at the time of investigation in the untreated area Tb: number of test insects in the treated area Tai: number of surviving insects at the time of investigation in the treated area

[0089] Test Example 4-1: A test was carried out in accordance with Test Method 4 using the following compounds as test compounds at a predetermined concentration of 200 ppm. As a result, all of the following compounds showed a control value of 90% or more. Compounds: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0090] Test Method 5: A test compound is formulated according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Syndyne (registered trademark) is added to prepare a diluted solution containing the test compound at a predetermined concentration. The diluted solution is sprayed at a rate of 10 mL per seedling on rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings (at the second true leaf stage) planted in a container. Then, 20 third-instar larvae of the brown planthopper are released. After 6 days, the number of surviving insects is counted, and the mortality rate is calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = {1 - number of surviving insects / 20} x 100

[0091] Test Example 5-1: A test was carried out according to Test Method 5 using the following compounds as test compounds at a predetermined concentration of 200 ppm. As a result, all of the following compounds showed a mortality rate of 100%. Compounds: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0092] Test Method 6: A test compound is formulated according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water is added to prepare a dilution containing the test compound at a predetermined concentration. 5 mL of the dilution is added to a container, and rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings (at the second true leaf stage) planted in a container with holes in the bottom are placed in the dilution. After 7 days, 20 third-instar larvae of the brown planthopper are released. After a further 6 days, the number of surviving insects is counted, and the mortality rate is calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = {1 - number of surviving insects / 20} x 100

[0093] Test Example 6-1: A test was carried out according to Test Method 6 using the following compounds as test compounds at a predetermined concentration of 200 ppm. As a result, all of the following compounds showed a mortality rate of 90% or more. Compounds: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0094] Test Method 7: A test compound is formulated according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Syndyne (registered trademark) is added to prepare a diluted solution containing the test compound at a predetermined concentration. The diluted solution is sprayed at a rate of 10 mL per seedling on cabbage (Brassicae oleracea) seedlings (at the second true leaf stage) planted in a container. The second true leaves are then cut off and placed in a container, into which approximately 20 larvae of western flower thrips are released. After 6 days, the number of surviving insects is counted, and the mortality rate is calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = {1 - number of surviving insects / 20} x 100

[0095] Test Example 7-1: A test was carried out in accordance with Test Method 7 using the following compounds as test compounds at a predetermined concentration of 200 ppm. As a result, all of the following compounds showed a mortality rate of 90% or more. Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6

[0096] Test Method 8 A test compound is formulated according to the method described in Formulation Example 5, and water containing 0.03% by volume of Syndyne (registered trademark) is added to prepare a diluted solution containing the test compound at a predetermined concentration. Adult Bemisia tabaci are released onto tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings planted in a container and allowed to lay eggs for approximately 24 hours. The seedlings are stored for 8 days, and larvae are allowed to hatch from the laid eggs. The diluted solution is sprayed onto the seedlings at a rate of 10 mL per seedling. After 7 days, the number of surviving insects is counted, and the control titer is calculated using the following formula: Control titer (%) = {1 - (Cb x Tai) / (Cai x Tb)} x 100. The letters in the formula have the following meanings: Cb: number of insects in the untreated area immediately before treatment Cai: number of surviving insects at the time of inspection in the untreated area Tb: number of insects in the treated area immediately before treatment Tai: number of surviving insects at the time of inspection in the treated area

[0097] Test Example 8-1: A test was carried out in accordance with Test Method 8 using the following compounds as test compounds at a predetermined concentration of 200 ppm. As a result, all of the following compounds showed a control value of 90% or more. Compounds: 1, 2, 5, 6

[0098] Test Method 9: A test compound is formulated according to the method described in Formulation Example 1, and water is added to prepare a dilution containing the test compound at a predetermined concentration. 30 final-stage Culex mosquito larvae are released into the dilution, and the condition of the Culex mosquito larvae is examined one day later to determine the mortality rate. The mortality rate is calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (number of dead insects / number of test insects) x 100

[0099] Test Example 9-1: A test was carried out according to Test Method 9 using the following compounds as test compounds at a predetermined concentration of 3.5 ppm. As a result, all of the following compounds showed a mortality rate of 100%. Compounds: 1, 2, 3, 4

[0100] Test Method 10: The test compound was dissolved in acetone containing a surfactant, and then poured into a 20 mL container.2 , surfactant 40 mg / m 2 The inner surface of the container is evenly coated with the solution so that the coating becomes 0.01g, and then dried. Five adult female Culex mosquitoes are placed in the container and the lid is closed. After a predetermined time has passed, the condition of the Culex mosquitoes is examined and the mortality rate is calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (number of dead insects / number of test insects) x 100

[0101] Test Example 10-1 The results of the test carried out according to Test Method 10 are shown below. The test was carried out for 1 day, and the following compounds were used as test compounds. All of the following compounds showed a 100% mortality rate. Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6

[0102] Test Method 11: The test compound was dissolved in acetone containing a surfactant, and then poured into a 20 mL container. 2 , surfactant 40 mg / m 2 The inner surface of the container is evenly coated with the solution so that the coating becomes uniform, and then the container is dried. Ten adult cat fleas are placed in the container and the lid is closed. After a predetermined time has passed, the condition of the cat fleas is examined and the mortality rate is calculated. The mortality rate is calculated using the following formula: Mortality rate (%) = (number of dead insects / number of test insects) x 100

[0103] Test Example 11-1 The results of the test carried out according to Test Method 11 are shown below. The test was carried out for 2 days, and the following compounds were used as test compounds. All of the following compounds showed a 100% mortality rate. Compounds 1 and 2

[0104] Test Example 12: 60 mg of Compound 1 or 2 was dissolved in 600 μL of acetone containing 5% Tween 20, and water was added to prepare a 60 mL solution. 20 mL of this solution was mixed with 400 mL of soil contaminated with Meloidogyne incognita, and the roots of healthy tomato seedlings (at the 3- to 4-leaf stage) were transplanted into the soil. Immediately after transplantation, the remaining 40 mL of the solution was irrigated into the soil. After 28 days, the roots were removed from the soil and washed with water. The extent of root damage (degree of root galling) was assessed according to Zeck's root gall index (Zeck, WM (1971): Pflanzenschutz-Nachichten. Bayer AG, 24, 141-144.). As a result, the root gall index of the treatments with Compounds 1 and 2 was "2." On the other hand, the root gall index of the untreated treatment was "5." From the above, Compounds 1 and 2 reduced root club formation. Zeck's Root Club Index 0: No root clubs are observed. 1: A few small root clubs can be observed by careful observation. 2: A few small root clubs similar to those in 1 are easily visible. 3: There are many small root clubs, some of which have fused together. Root function is largely intact. 4: There are many small root clubs, and some large root clubs. Most of the roots are functional. 5: 25% of the roots are heavily clubbed and non-functional. 6: 50% of the roots are heavily clubbed and non-functional. 7: 75% of the roots are heavily clubbed, and the roots have lost their ability to regenerate. 8: There are no healthy roots, and the plant's nutrient absorption is inhibited. The stems and leaves are still green. 9: The root system is completely covered with root clubs and is rotting. The plant is dying. 10: Plants and roots die.

[0105] The present compound exhibits excellent control effect against harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes.

Claims

1. Compound of formula (I) wherein １ R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and ２ R ３ and ２ R ３ each represent a hydrogen atom, or ２ R ３ and ３ R ２ together represent an oxo group), or an N-oxide or a salt thereof, to a harmful arthropod or a harmful nematode or a habitat of a harmful arthropod or a harmful nematode.

2. In formula (I), R ２ and R ３ are each a hydrogen atom, the method according to claim 1.

3. Compound (I) [wherein, R １ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R ２ and R ３ each represent a hydrogen atom, or R ２ and R ３ together represent an oxo group.], or a composition for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes containing the N-oxide thereof or a salt thereof.

4. The composition according to claim 3, further comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of group (a), group (b), group (c), group (d), and group (e): Group (a): a group consisting of an insecticidal active ingredient, an acaricidal active ingredient, and a nematicidal active ingredient; Group (b): a bactericidal active ingredient; Group (c): a plant growth regulating ingredient; Group (d): a repellent ingredient; Group (e): a biological control agent.

5. A method for controlling a harmful arthropod or a harmful nematode, comprising applying an effective amount of the composition according to claim 4 to the harmful arthropod or harmful nematode or the habitat of the harmful arthropod or harmful nematode.

6. Compound (I) [wherein, R １ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R ２ and R ３ each represents a hydrogen atom, or R ２ and R ３ together represent an oxo group.], or a seed or vegetative reproductive organ holding an effective amount of the compound, or its N-oxide or its salt, or an effective amount of the composition according to claim 4 7. Compound (I) [wherein, R １ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R ２ and R ３ each represents a hydrogen atom, or R ２ and R ３ together represent an oxo group.], or an N-oxide or a salt thereof, and an inert carrier, a composition for controlling harmful arthropods or harmful nematodes