Management system

Abstract

This management system is provided with: a card distribution device (3) for determining the win / loss result of a game played through the use of play tokens on a play table (4) and displaying the result; a dealer chip determination device for determining the type and number of play tokens held on a play token tray; a measurement device for measuring the position, type, and number of play tokens on the play table (4); and a management control device (50) having a function of calculating the profit and loss for the casino at the play table (4). The management control device (50) has a function of transmitting a signal or carrying out display on a display device according to the result of a comparison between a collected amount and an increase amount and the result of a comparison between a payout amount and a decrease amount. When a mismatch is found in the comparison results, the management control device (50) changes the output content of the signal or the display according to the content of the mismatch.

Description

Management System CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of Patent Application No. 2017-233190, filed in Japan on December 5, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to a management system for managing games using gaming chips in an amusement arcade. Background and Overview

[0003] Casinos and other gaming establishments are attempting to prevent various types of fraudulent activity. Gaming establishments are equipped with surveillance cameras to monitor for fraudulent activity, and images captured by the surveillance cameras are used to detect cheating in games and fraudulent withdrawal or redemption of gaming tokens that do not correspond to the winning or losing results.

[0004] On the other hand, it has been proposed to attach a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag to each gaming token to determine the amount of gaming tokens betted and the total amount.

[0005] The card game monitoring system described in WO 2015 / 107902 monitors for fraudulent activity by determining whether gaming tokens placed on a gaming table have been collected or paid out in accordance with the winning or losing results through image analysis of the movement of the gaming tokens.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a novel management system for managing the settlement of gaming tokens in games using gaming tokens.

[0007] A management system according to one aspect of the present invention is a management system for managing games using gaming tokens, and includes individually identifiable gaming tokens, a gaming table for playing games using the gaming tokens, a win / loss determination device for determining and displaying the results of the games at the gaming table, a gaming token tray for holding gaming tokens used by a dealer at the gaming table, a dealer chip determination device for identifying the type and number of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray, a measurement device for measuring the position, type and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table, and a management control device having a function of grasping the position, type and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table and calculating the income and expenditure of the casino at the gaming table using the win / loss results obtained from the win / loss determination device, Based on information obtained from the measuring device, the dealer chip determination device, and the win / loss determination device, the control device compares the amount of gaming tokens that the casino should collect from the gaming table in the game with the increased amount of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray after the dealer has collected them, and further compares the payout amount of gaming tokens that the casino should pay out in the game with the decreased amount of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray after the dealer has removed them from the gaming token tray and paid them out, and is configured to send a signal or display on a display device according to the comparison results between the collected amount and the increased amount and the comparison results between the payout amount and the decreased amount, and if a discrepancy is determined in the comparison results, change the output content of the signal or display according to the nature of the discrepancy.

[0008] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall overview of a fraud detection system for an amusement facility having a plurality of gaming tables according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a gaming token showing examples of different stacking states of the gaming token as grasped in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a gaming token showing examples of different stacking states of the gaming token as grasped in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a mark explaining stains on a card as grasped in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a plan view showing the front of a marker. FIG. 4B is a plan view showing the back of a marker. FIG. 5 is a simplified explanatory diagram showing an image of the exchange state of a banknote and a gaming token as grasped in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an overall overview of a management system for a table game in an amusement facility according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a conventional gaming token. FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of a gaming token according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9A is a side view of a gaming token according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9B is a plan view of a gaming token according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10A is a diagram showing another example of a gaming token according to the second embodiment. FIG. 10B is a diagram showing another example of a gaming token according to the second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a state in which gaming tokens according to the second embodiment of the present invention are stacked. FIG. 12 is a perspective explanatory photograph illustrating a state in which different types of gaming tokens are stacked. FIG. 13A is a diagram showing details of a gaming token tray according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13B is a diagram showing another example of a gaming token tray according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14A is a diagram showing the relationship between a two-tiered gaming token tray and a camera device, showing a state in which the two tiers are stacked. Fig. 14B is a diagram showing the relationship between a two-tiered gaming token tray and a camera device, showing a state in which the two tiers are shifted. Fig. 15 is a diagram showing an inspection device for inspecting gaming tokens according to the second embodiment. Fig. 16 is a diagram showing an overview of the entire gaming token management system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a side view of a gaming token according to the third embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 18 is a diagram showing gaming tokens in which upper and lower marks C are paired to form a code (four types). FIG. 19 is a diagram showing gaming tokens on which side IDs are printed with ink that is invisible to visible light (ink that absorbs infrared light). FIG. 20A is a plan view of a main portion of a gaming token tray of a casino table, showing a state in which gaming tokens of the third embodiment are held in the gaming token tray. FIG. 20B is a perspective view of gaming tokens stacked one on top of the other. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing another example of gaming tokens of the third embodiment. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing another example of an inspection device that inspects gaming tokens. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing another example of an inspection device that inspects gaming tokens. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing another example of an inspection device that inspects gaming tokens. FIG. 25 is a plan view of a gaming table of the fourth embodiment. Fig. 26 is a plan view of a gaming token tray according to the fourth embodiment. Fig. 27 is a configuration diagram of a gaming token management system according to the fourth embodiment. Fig. 28 is a plan view of a gaming token tray according to a modified example of the fourth embodiment. Fig. 29 is a plan view of a gaming token tray according to a modified example of the fourth embodiment. Fig. 30 is a plan view of a gaming token tray according to the fourth embodiment.

[0009] A management system according to one aspect of the present invention is a management system for managing games using gaming tokens, and includes individually identifiable gaming tokens, a gaming table for playing games using the gaming tokens, a win / loss determination device for determining and displaying the results of the games at the gaming table, a gaming token tray for holding gaming tokens used by a dealer at the gaming table, a dealer chip determination device for identifying the type and number of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray, a measurement device for measuring the position, type and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table, and a management control device having a function of grasping the position, type and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table and calculating the income and expenditure of the casino at the gaming table using the win / loss results obtained from the win / loss determination device, Based on information obtained from the measuring device, the dealer chip determination device, and the win / loss determination device, the control device compares the amount of gaming tokens that the casino should collect from the gaming table in the game with the increased amount of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray after the dealer has collected them, and further compares the payout amount of gaming tokens that the casino should pay out in the game with the decreased amount of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray after the dealer has removed them from the gaming token tray and paid them out, and is configured to send a signal or display on a display device according to the comparison results between the collected amount and the increased amount and the comparison results between the payout amount and the decreased amount, and if a discrepancy is determined in the comparison results, change the output content of the signal or display according to the nature of the discrepancy.

[0010] If the actual settlement amount of the gaming tokens does not match the calculated settlement amount and the discrepancy amount is small (lower than a predetermined threshold), the management control device may report to the back yard that there is a small discrepancy or the amount of the discrepancy, and in addition to or instead of this, may output a signal to the gaming table to display a lamp at the gaming table indicating that the game should continue without stopping, or may display the amount of the discrepancy at the gaming table.

[0011] In addition, if the actual settlement amount does not match the calculated settlement amount and the discrepancy amount is small, the management control device may display the discrepancy amount as is on the gaming table, and the dealer at that gaming table may decide whether to stop the game or continue without stopping it according to the displayed amount.

[0012] In addition, when the actual settlement amount does not match the calculated settlement amount and the ratio of the discrepancy amount to the bet amount is below a certain ratio, the management control device may output a signal to continue the game without stopping it.

[0013] The management control device may have a function of outputting a signal to stop the game on the gaming table or a signal to continue the game without stopping when a discrepancy is determined in the comparison result between the recovered amount and the increased amount or the comparison result between the payout amount and the decreased amount.

[0014] The management control device may have a function of outputting a signal to stop the game at the gaming table if the discrepancy continues, even if it is a small discrepancy when the discrepancy amount is divided by a predetermined amount.

[0015] The management control device may have a function of causing a display device that displays the discrepancy to display information specifying the player position or game participant that caused the discrepancy.

[0016] Another aspect of the management system of the present invention is a management system for managing games using gaming tokens, and is equipped with a game table for playing games using gaming tokens, a game determination means for determining the game result, a bet determination means for determining the player's bet object and bet amount, a settlement determination means for determining the actual settlement amount of the gaming tokens exchanged between the dealer and the player, and a control means for performing a first control when a predetermined condition is not met, and performing a second control different from the first control when the predetermined condition is met, when there is a difference between the calculated settlement amount calculated from the game result, the bet object and the bet amount and the actual settlement amount determined by the settlement determination means.

[0017] The predetermined condition may be a condition related to the difference.

[0018] The predetermined condition may be that the difference in one game is greater than a first threshold value.

[0019] The predetermined condition may be that the cumulative total of the differences in a predetermined number of most recent games is greater than a second threshold value.

[0020] The predetermined condition may be that the difference is equal to or greater than a third threshold value consecutively in a predetermined number of most recent games.

[0021] The predetermined condition may be that the bet amount is equal to or greater than a fourth threshold value.

[0022] When there is no difference, the control means may perform a third control different from the first control and the second control.

[0023] The management system may further include a display panel, and the control means may perform the first control and the second control on the display panel.

[0024] The control means may cause the display panel to display different content depending on whether the first control is performed or the second control is performed.

[0025] The management system may further include a lighting device, and the control means may perform the first control and the second control on the lighting device.

[0026] The control means may cause the lighting device to light up in different colors depending on whether the first control is performed or the second control is performed.

[0027] The management system may further include a card distribution device for distributing cards used in the game to the gaming table, and the control means may perform the first control and the second control on the card distribution device.

[0028] The control means may perform, as the second control, a control to prohibit the card dealing device from dealing cards.

[0029] The control means may change the predetermined condition based on an input from a user.

[0030] The management system may further include a storage device, and the control means may record the difference in the recording device.

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below.

[0032] (First embodiment) In gaming facilities such as casinos, gaming tokens are stacked high and placed on gaming tables, but there is a problem that the total amount cannot be accurately read by an IC tag reader installed under the gaming table, and if the sensitivity of the reader is increased, gaming tokens placed in different positions (where winning or losing depends on the position) are added together, making it impossible to grasp the total amount of gaming tokens at each position. Also, when capturing images from a camera, there is a problem that blind spots are created due to the camera's viewing angle, and tokens are overlapped and cast into shadows, making it impossible to grasp the total amount of gaming tokens.

[0033] Furthermore, as is often the case in baccarat games, players may squeeze cards (bending face-down cards to look at them little by little while enjoying the card rank, etc.), which can cause the cards to become bent, making it impossible to determine the card rank and suit by analyzing the image from the camera.

[0034] Furthermore, as fraud at gaming tables becomes more sophisticated, new issues have been identified, such as fraud involving sophisticated betting methods that cannot be detected by simply detecting a large amount of winnings at a gaming table, and that cannot be detected by cameras or tracking winning amounts. Furthermore, conventional technology is not sufficient to prevent fraudulent acts involving collusion between dealers and players.

[0035] In order to solve the various problems described above, the first embodiment of the cheating detection system for an amusement facility having a plurality of gaming tables is a cheating detection system for an amusement facility having a plurality of gaming tables, and comprises: a game recording device that records the progress of games played at the gaming tables as video images via a camera, including the dealer and players; an image analysis device that performs image analysis of the recorded video images of the progress of the games; a card distribution device that determines and displays the win / loss results of each game at the gaming tables; and a control device that detects cheating at the gaming tables using the image analysis results from the image analysis device and the win / loss results determined by the card distribution device.

[0036] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fraud detection system, the card dealing device is configured to be able to read the rank of the cards being dealt, and the control device is configured to be able to compare the rank information obtained by the image analysis device from the images of each card dealt at the gaming table with the rank information of the cards read by the card dealing device to determine whether they match or not.

[0037] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned cheating detection system, the image analysis device or control device is an artificial intelligence or deep learning structure that can obtain card rank information from cards that are dealt at a gaming table and bent or soiled by players.

[0038] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fraud detection system, the control device grasps the location, type and number of gaming tokens bet by each player via the image analysis device, and determines whether the collection of losing gaming tokens bet by each player and the payment of winning gaming tokens have been carried out appropriately in accordance with the outcome of the game by analyzing the video of the game progress via the image analysis device.

[0039] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fraud detection system, the image analysis device or control device is an artificial intelligence or deep learning structure that can obtain information on the type, number and location of gaming tokens bet, even if some or all of the gaming tokens placed on the gaming table are hidden by the blind spot of the camera.

[0040] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fraud detection system, the control device is an artificial intelligence-utilizing or deep learning structure that can compare and calculate whether the amount of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray of the dealer at the gaming table has increased or decreased in accordance with the recovery of losing gaming tokens bet by each player and the amount paid for winning gaming tokens after the game has ended and settlement has been made, based on the outcome of the game.

[0041] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fraud detection system, the control device is an artificial intelligence-based or deep learning structure that can grasp the location and amount of gaming tokens bet at each playing position on the gaming table, and compare the win / loss history of each player obtained from the win / loss results of each game and the amount of gaming tokens obtained with statistical data from past games to extract any peculiar situations.

[0042] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fraud detection system, the control device is an artificial intelligence-based or deep learning structure that can extract, as a unique situation when, at a playing position on a certain gaming table, the amount of tokens used for betting when losing is smaller than the amount of tokens used for betting when winning, compared with statistical data from past games.

[0043] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fraud detection system, the control device is configured to be able to identify an individual player at a playing position that has been extracted as the peculiar situation via the image analysis device or that has won a predetermined amount or more.

[0044] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fraud detection system, the control device has a warning function that, when the identified player leaves his / her seat and takes a seat at another gaming table, notifies the other gaming table of the presence of the identified player.

[0045] In order to solve the above-mentioned various problems, the fraud detection system of the present invention for use in an amusement facility having a plurality of gaming tables comprises: a game recording device that records the progress of games played at the gaming tables as video images, including the dealer and players, via a camera; a card dealing device that determines and displays the results of each game at the gaming tables; an image analysis device that performs image analysis on the recorded video images of the progress of the games; and a control device that can detect banknotes and gaming tokens at the gaming tables using the image analysis results from the image analysis device. The image analysis device or control device is an artificial intelligence or deep learning structure that can detect, based on information obtained from the card distribution device or the dealer, that banknotes are being exchanged for gaming tokens at the gaming table in situations other than when cards are being dealt, and can recognize the total amount of genuine banknotes that have been verified with a black light, and can recognize the total amount of gaming tokens placed on the gaming table as exchange items even if some or all of the tokens are hidden by the blind spot of the camera, and can compare the total amount of banknotes placed on the gaming table by players with the total amount of gaming tokens placed by the dealer and determine whether the amounts match.

[0046] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fraud detection system, the control device is an artificial intelligence-utilizing or deep learning structure that can comparatively calculate whether the amount of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray of the dealer at the gaming table has increased or decreased in accordance with the payment amount of gaming tokens corresponding to the exchanged banknotes after the banknotes have been exchanged for gaming tokens and settlement has been made.

[0047] Furthermore, in the above fraud detection system, the control device is an artificial intelligence-utilizing or deep learning-structured device that can, after the exchange of banknotes and gaming tokens has been completed and settlement has been made, compare and calculate whether the amount of banknotes deposited by the dealer as input by the dealer matches the total amount of banknotes as determined by the image analysis device.Furthermore, the control device is an artificial intelligence-utilizing or deep learning-structured device that can compare and calculate whether the total amount of banknotes deposited by the dealer at the gaming table they are in charge of matches the total amount of banknotes as determined by the image analysis device.

[0048] According to the fraud detection system of this embodiment, even if a player bends a card by squeezing it, which is often done in games such as baccarat, the rank and suit of the card can be determined by image analysis, and the total amount and location of blind spots and overlapping tokens can be determined.Fraud can also be detected when exchanging banknotes for tokens.

[0049] A first embodiment of the cheating detection system for a gaming parlor having multiple gaming tables according to the present invention will now be described in more detail. FIG. 1 shows an overview of the system. The cheating detection system for a gaming parlor having multiple gaming tables 4 includes a game recording device 11 that records video of the game progress at each gaming table 4 via multiple camera devices 2, including the player 6 and the dealer 5; an image analyzer 12 that analyzes the video of the recorded game progress; and a card dealing device 3 that determines and displays the results of each game at each gaming table 4. The card dealing device 3 is a so-called electronic shoe already used by those skilled in the art. The game rules are pre-programmed, and the card dealing device 3 is configured to read the information on the cards C dealt and determine the outcome of the game. For example, in a baccarat game, whether the banker wins, the player wins, or a tie (draw) is basically determined by the ranks of two or three cards, and the results (win or loss) are displayed by a result indicator lamp 13.

[0050] This cheating detection system further includes a control device 14 that compares the actual card ranks determined by the image analysis device 12 with the win / loss result determined by the card dealing device 3 to detect cheating at the gaming table 4 (such as a discrepancy between the total rank of the dealt cards and the win / loss result). The card dealing device 3 is configured to be able to read the rank (A, 2-10, J, Q, K) and suit (heart, spade, etc.) of cards C manually dealt by the dealer 5, and the control device 14 is configured to compare the rank and suit information obtained by the image analysis device 12 (using artificial intelligence) from images of each card dealt at the gaming table 4 (captured using the camera device 2) with the card and suit information read by the card dealing device 3 to determine whether they match. The image analysis device 12 and control device 14 in this cheating detection system are configured to be a composite of a computer, program, and memory, which may be an integrated or multiple configuration.

[0051] The image analysis device 12 and the control device 14 have an artificial intelligence or deep learning architecture that can obtain card rank information even for cards C that have been dealt at the gaming table 4 and bent or soiled by the player 6. As shown in FIG. 3 , soiled cards C can make it difficult to distinguish between clubs and spades. Even in such cases, the suit can be determined by analyzing and determining the image using an artificial intelligence computer or control system and deep learning (structure) technology. Even if a card becomes bent due to squeezing by a player, which is often done in games such as baccarat, the suit and rank of the card before deformation can be recognized by the artificial intelligence computer or control system and deep learning (structure) technology, utilizing self-learning of numerous image variations. Since artificial intelligence computer or control system and deep learning (structure) technology are already known and available to those skilled in the art, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0052] The control device 14, which utilizes artificial intelligence or has a deep learning structure, can determine, via the camera device 2 and the image analysis device 12, on which position (player, banker, or pair) each player 6 bets their gaming tokens 120 in the betting area 8, as well as the type and number of gaming tokens 120 bet (each color of gaming token 120 is assigned a different value). The gaming tokens 120 may not only be stacked vertically in a vertically aligned fashion, but may also be stacked offset from one another as shown in FIG. 2A . In this case, if the camera device 2 is positioned in the direction of arrow X shown in FIG. 2A (or if the orientation of the gaming tokens 120 is such that they are in a blind spot), it is expected that the gaming tokens 120 will not be visible (will be in a blind spot) as shown in FIG. 2B . In artificial intelligence-based computers or control systems and deep learning (structure) technology, self-learning functions are used to recognize when gaming tokens 120 are hidden by blind spots (when part of a gaming token is hidden, or when the entire gaming token is hidden), and the number of tokens, etc. is accurately determined. In this way, it is possible to know which position in the betting area 8 the gaming tokens 120 have been bet on (player, banker, or pair), the type of gaming tokens 120 bet (different values ​​are assigned to each color of gaming token 120), and the number of gaming tokens 120 bet, so that in accordance with the outcome of each game determined by the card dealing device 3, the control device 14 determines whether the collection of the losing gaming tokens bet by each player 6 (indicated by arrow L) and the payment of winning gaming tokens (120W) to the winning player 6W have been carried out appropriately in accordance with the outcome of the game, by analyzing the video of the game progress via the image analysis device 12. If the determination result analyzed by the intelligent control device 14 via the image analysis device 12 differs from the result read by other means (for example, the result read by RFID), the analysis image can be saved and verified later. If the verification reveals that the error was made by the intelligent control device 14, the analyzed image can be used as sample data for supervised learning in deep learning technology to improve the accuracy of the intelligent control device 14.

[0053] The control device 14 can analyze and grasp the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 of the dealer 5 of the gaming table 4 using the image analysis device 12, and after the game is over and settlement is made, can compare and calculate whether the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 has increased or decreased according to the outcome of the game, depending on the collection of the losing gaming tokens 120 bet by each player 6 and the amount of winning gaming tokens 120W paid to the winning player 6W. Even if the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 is constantly grasped by means such as RFID, the control device 14 determines whether the increase or decrease is correct by analyzing video of the game progress via the image analysis device 12. These also utilize artificial intelligence or deep learning structures.

[0054] In this example, fraud and mistakes are detected based on the outcome of the game, information on how many of what type of gaming tokens 120 were bet and at which position in the betting area 8 (player, banker, or pair), and the increase or decrease in the amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 after the collection of losing gaming tokens and the redemption of winning gaming tokens 120 are complete, so fraud and mistakes can be detected without knowing the movement of the gaming tokens 120 after the game ends, that is, whether the gaming tokens 120 that were bet moved to the player's side or the dealer's side.

[0055] Here, in the case of baccarat, for example, the outcome of the game can be determined in accordance with the rules of baccarat by reading the rank of the card C dealt in the game with the card dealing device 3. The outcome of the game can also be determined by photographing the gaming table 4 with the camera device 2, analyzing the image with the image analysis device 12, and comparing the analysis result with the rules of the game with the control device 14. In this case, the camera device 2, the image analysis device 12, and the control device 14 constitute a win / loss result determination device. Information regarding the player at each playing position 7, what type of gaming token 120, and how many coins have been bet on which position (player, banker, or pair) in the betting area 8 can be obtained by photographing the gaming token 120 placed in the betting area 8 with the camera device 2 and analyzing the image for each playing position 7 with the image analysis device 12.

[0056] In addition, the increase or decrease in the amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 before and after the collection of losing gaming tokens 120 and the redemption of winning gaming tokens 120 can be calculated by comparing the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 before the collection of losing gaming tokens 120 and the redemption of winning gaming tokens 120 with the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 after the collection of losing gaming tokens 120 and the redemption of winning gaming tokens 120. The total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 before the losing gaming tokens 120 are collected and redeemed for winning gaming tokens 120, and the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 after the losing gaming tokens 120 are collected and redeemed for winning gaming tokens 120, can be detected by photographing the gaming token tray 17 containing the gaming tokens 120 with the camera device 2 and analyzing the image with the image analysis device 12. Alternatively, the total amount of gaming tokens 120 contained in the gaming token tray 17 may be detected by embedding RFID indicating the amount in the gaming tokens 120 and providing an RFID reader in the gaming token tray 17.

[0057] For example, let us assume that the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 before the start of the game is Bb, and that the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 after the game is over and the collection of losing gaming tokens and the redemption of winning gaming tokens are completed is Ba. Also, let us assume that in this game, the total amount of gaming tokens 120 bet at all play positions 7 in the player area is bp, the total amount of gaming tokens 120 bet at all play positions 7 in the banker area is bb, and the total amount of gaming tokens 120 bet at all play positions 7 in the tie area is bt. For example, if the outcome of this game is a win for the banker, then Ba - Bb = bp - bb + bt should be established. Alternatively, the total amount Ba of the gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 after the game has ended should be (Bb+bp-bb+bt). If this is not the case, it can be determined that fraud or an error has occurred in the collection or redemption of the gaming tokens.

[0058] 13A is a diagram showing details of the gaming token tray of this embodiment, and FIG. 13B is a diagram showing another example of the gaming token tray. The gaming token tray 17 is provided with a recovered gaming token tray 171 that recovers and temporarily stores the gaming tokens 120L bet by the losing player 6L, and a redeemed gaming token tray 172 that stores the gaming tokens 120W to be redeemed. The image analysis device 12 and the control device 14 grasp the position, type, and number of the gaming tokens 120L bet by the losing player 6L, and calculate the increase in the gaming token OL for the game (the amount of gaming tokens 120 that should be in the recovered gaming token tray 171). Furthermore, the image analysis device 12 and the control device 14 grasp the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 171 after collection, and compare the expected total amount with the actual total amount to determine whether there is a difference.

[0059] Furthermore, by using the gaming tokens 120 in the redeemed gaming token tray 172 to redeem the gaming tokens 120W to the winning player 6W, sufficient time can be secured to ascertain the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 120 in the collected gaming token tray 171 after they have been collected by the image analysis device 12 and the control device 14.

[0060] 1, the gaming table 4 is provided with a discard area 41 and / or a discard slot 42 for discarding cards C used in a game. Every time a game is completed, the cards C used in the game are collected and discarded by placing them in the discard area 41 or the discard slot 42 on the gaming table 4.

[0061] The gaming table 4 further includes markers 43 that indicate the outcome of the game. FIG. 4A is a plan view showing the front side of the marker, and FIG. 4B is a plan view showing the back side of the marker. In a baccarat game, two types of markers are used: a marker 43a that indicates a player win and a marker 43b that indicates a banker win. When the game result is announced, the dealer 5 flips over the marker of either the player or the banker, whichever marker won. This makes it easy to see the outcome of the game on the table. The dealer 5 returns the flipped marker to its original position after the gaming tokens 120 have been collected and redeemed. Returning the marker to its original position also indicates that the next game is ready to start.

[0062] As described above, in this embodiment, the control device 14 calculates the income and expenditure of gaming tokens for each game from the amount of gaming tokens bet on the gaming table 4 and the results of the game, and verifies the increase in the balance of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray 17 after the game. If a discrepancy is detected in this verification, the control device 14 issues an alarm or adds a record to that effect to the video record taken by the camera device 2. The casino operator can investigate the cause of the discrepancy by reviewing the video.

[0063] The fraud detection system of this embodiment adds or subtracts the increase or decrease in the gaming tokens in a game, which is calculated from the position, type and number of gaming tokens 120 bet by all players 6 in that game and the win / loss result of that game obtained by the win / loss result determination device, from the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 before the settlement of each game, and compares the total amount that should be of the gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game with the actual total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 at the end of the game, obtained via the image analysis device 12, and determines whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0064] The control device 14 grasps the position, type and number of gaming tokens bet by each player via the image analysis device 12, and when all of the losing gaming tokens bet by each player have been collected, grasps the actual total amount of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray, and compares the total amount that should be of the gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17, which is calculated by adding the increase in the gaming token tray 17 for that game based on the position, type and number of gaming tokens bet by the losing player from the total amount of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray 17 before the settlement of each game, with the actual total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17, and determines whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0065] The control device 14 compares the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 before the settlement of each game with the total amount of gaming tokens 120 that should be in the gaming token tray 17, which is calculated by adding the increase in the amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 in that game based on the position, type, and number of gaming tokens 120 bet by the losing player, with the actual total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17, and calculates the total amount that should be. If it is determined that there is no difference between the total amount and the actual total amount, and the total amount that should be in the gaming token tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game is compared with the actual total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 at the end of the game obtained through the image analysis device 12, and if it is determined that there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount, it is determined that there is a payment error, and a payment error signal is generated to notify the user of the payment error.

[0066] The gaming token tray 17 is provided with a recovered gaming token tray 171 for collecting and temporarily storing the gaming tokens 120 bet by the losing player, and the image analysis device 12 compares the total amount that should be of the gaming tokens 120 in the recovered gaming token tray 171, which is calculated by adding the increased amount of the gaming tokens 120 for the game in question, calculated from the position, type and number of the gaming tokens 120L bet by the losing player, with the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 120 in the recovered gaming token tray 171, and determines whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0067] When the control device 14 determines that the actual total amount of gaming tokens 120 grasped in the gaming token tray 17 of the dealer 5 of the gaming table 4 does not correspond to the increase or decrease in gaming tokens calculated from the gaming token amounts bet by all players and the win / loss result of the game, the game recording device 11 can assign an index or time to the captured video, or can identify and play back the scene of collecting or paying out the gaming tokens 120, so that the game recording device 11 can analyze the record of the game in which the above-mentioned difference occurred.

[0068] In this way, the control device 14 obtains the total amount of gaming tokens (chips) in the gaming token tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game via the image analysis device 12, and in this case, the determination after settlement is made when any of the following 1) to 4) occurs: 1) when redemption of winning gaming tokens (winning chips) 120 is completed, 2) when the cards C used in the game are collected and discarded in the discard area or discard slot of the table, 3) when a predetermined button associated with the win / loss result determination device is pressed, 4) when the marker 43 indicating the win or loss is returned to its original position.

[0069] In the table game management system described above, the management control device captures images of the positions, types, and numbers of gaming tokens placed by game participants in each game when it detects any of the following 1) to 3): 1) when the card dealing device detects that the first card is being drawn, 2) before or after the card is drawn, or 3) after the management control device recognizes the dealer's signal that betting is over.

[0070] The control device 14 is an artificial intelligence or deep learning-based control device that can grasp the position (position where bets were made on player, banker, or pair) and amount (type and number) of gaming tokens bet at each playing position 7 of the gaming table 4, and compares the win / loss history of each player 6 obtained from the win / loss results of each game and the amount of gaming tokens obtained (amount won) with statistical data of many past games (big data) to extract a unique situation (set by the casino). Typically, the control device 14 is an artificial intelligence or deep learning-based control device that can extract a unique situation when a winning amount of more than a certain amount (1 million dollars) occurs, or when a situation occurs over several games in which the amount of gaming tokens bet when losing is small and the amount of gaming tokens bet when winning is large at a playing position 7 of a certain gaming table 4, and compares this with statistical data (big data, etc.) of past games.

[0071] Furthermore, the control device 14 of this fraud detection system (integrated with the image analysis device 12) is configured to be able to identify individual players 6 at playing positions 7 who have been identified as experiencing anomalous situations or who have won a predetermined amount or more. To identify such players 6, the image analysis device 12 obtains facial images by extracting feature points or the like, and assigns them an identity number (ID, etc.). The control device 14 then has a warning function that, when an identified player 6 leaves his or her seat and takes a seat at another gaming table, notifies the other gaming table of the presence of the identified player. Specifically, the control device 14 notifies the pit manager or the person in charge of each gaming table 4 (which may be the dealer) to prevent further anomalous phenomena.

[0072] The control device 14 further has a database that records the history of exchanges of banknotes K and gaming tokens 120, and refers to the database at regular intervals or daily intervals to compare and determine whether the amount of gaming tokens 120 held in the gaming token tray 17 of the dealer 5 at the gaming table 4 has increased or decreased in accordance with the payment amount of gaming tokens 120 corresponding to the exchanged banknotes K, or the total amount of payment of banknotes K corresponding to the exchanged gaming tokens 120.

[0073] In the above example, the win / loss history and the amount of gaming tokens (winning amounts) obtained for each playing position 7 may be monitored without identifying individual players 6. In this case, if a player 6 leaves his / her seat, that player 6 cannot be tracked. However, it is possible to detect unusual situations, such as a situation where the amount of gaming tokens bet when a player loses at a specific playing position 7 of a single gaming table 4 is small and the amount of gaming tokens bet when a player wins is large, over several consecutive games. If such a playing position 7 is detected, it is possible to suspect that cheating or a mistake has occurred at that playing position 7. Then, by examining a video taken at that playing position 7, cheating or a mistake can be discovered.

[0074] Specifically, the camera device 2 is installed so as to capture at least the gaming tokens 120 placed in the betting area 8 of the gaming table 4. The image analysis device 12 analyzes the images captured by the camera device 2 to detect, for each user position 7, whether the gaming token was placed in the player, banker, or tie position in the betting area 8, and the amount of the gaming token placed. The card distribution device 3 also functions as a win / loss result determination device, determining the win / loss result of the game. The control device 14 records (monitors) the win / loss history and the amount of gaming tokens obtained (gaming token acquisition amount) for each playing position 7 based on the position (player, banker, or tie) in the betting area 8 where the gaming token 120 was placed and the win / loss result of the game. Note that only one of the win / loss history and the gaming token acquisition amount may be recorded. If the winning / losing history and / or the history of the amount of tokens acquired for gaming are in a unique situation (set by the casino) compared with the statistical data of a large number of past games (big data), the control device 14 identifies the player position 7 as a playing position suspected of fraudulent activity.

[0075] If cheating is suspected at a certain player position 7, the cheating detection system may emit an alarm (light, sound, or vibration) at that time so that at least a dealer can approach. This may at least suspend the game thereafter and prevent further cheating. In addition, information indicating that cheating is suspected may be added to the video captured and recorded by the camera device 2. This allows the cause of the suspected cheating to be investigated by reviewing the video.

[0076] The fraud detection system for an amusement facility having gaming tables in this embodiment further includes a function for inspecting the exchange of bills and gaming tokens, which is often performed at the gaming table 4. In a gaming facility such as a casino, before a game, a player 6 exchanges bills (cash, etc.) for gaming tokens at a designated gaming token exchange. However, if the player 6 runs out of gaming tokens, the player 6 can continue the game by exchanging cash (bills) for gaming tokens 120 at the gaming table (baccarat table, etc.) without leaving the gaming table 4. However, this creates an opportunity for fraud between the dealer 5 and the player. The exchange of cash (bills) for gaming tokens 120 at the gaming table (baccarat table, etc.) must be performed when a game is not in progress. The card dealing device 3 is capable of detecting the start and end of card dealing (the time when the win or loss is determined) in order to determine the outcome of the game. For this reason, the card dealing device 3 detects situations other than card dealing (dealing), and the control device 14 detects that banknotes are being exchanged for gaming tokens 120 at the gaming table 4 when cards are not being dealt (as shown in FIG. 5). The situation when cards are being dealt (or other situations) can be detected based on information obtained from the actions of the card dealing device 3 or the dealer 5.

[0077] The control device 14 can recognize the number and value of bills by performing image analysis of the surfaces of the bills K. Furthermore, at the gaming table 4, whether the bills K to be exchanged for the gaming tokens 120 are genuine or not is determined by shining a black light on the bills to detect the authenticity marks G. As shown in FIG. 5 , the control device 14 also performs image analysis and verifies the authenticity marks G to recognize the total amount of genuine bills, and can recognize the total amount of gaming tokens even if the multiple gaming tokens to be exchanged are hidden by the blind spot of the camera device 2. The control device 14 has an artificial intelligence or deep learning structure that can compare the total amount of the bills K placed on the gaming table 4 by the player with the total amount of the gaming tokens 120 placed on the gaming table 4 by the dealer 5 and determine whether the two amounts match.

[0078] The control device 14 is an artificial intelligence-utilizing or deep learning structure that is capable of comparatively calculating whether the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 of the dealer 5 at the gaming table 4 has increased or decreased in accordance with the payment amount of the gaming token corresponding to the exchanged bills after the bills have been exchanged for gaming tokens and settlement. It is also possible that the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 of the dealer 5 is always known in advance by, for example, the RFID of the gaming tokens 120. The total amount of gaming tokens 120 stored in the gaming token tray 17 can also be detected by photographing the gaming token tray 17 storing the gaming tokens 120 with the camera device 2 and analyzing the image with the image analysis device 12.

[0079] The control device 14 also verifies whether the increase or decrease in the amount of the gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 before and after the exchange of the banknotes for gaming tokens matches the exchange amount of the gaming tokens as a result of image analysis on the gaming table 4. The amount of the paid banknotes may be input to the control device 14 by the dealer 5 using a keystroke or the like, or may be identified by using the camera device 2 to photograph the gaming table 4 where the banknotes are paid and analyzing the image with the image analyzer 12.

[0080] As described above, the control device 14 determines whether the amount of the gaming tokens 120 deducted from the gaming token tray 17 due to the exchange of banknotes for gaming tokens matches the amount of the banknotes paid by the player 6 to the dealer 5. Furthermore, the control device 14 is an intelligent control device that can compare and calculate whether the amount of banknotes deposited by the dealer 5 (usually by key input, etc.) matches the calculated amount of the banknotes as a result of image analysis by the image analyzer 12 after the exchange of banknotes for gaming tokens has been completed and the transaction has been settled, and may further be an artificial intelligence-utilizing or deep learning structure.

[0081] Furthermore, the control device 14 is an artificial intelligence-based or deep learning structure that can compare and calculate whether the total amount of bills entered by the dealer at the gaming table 4 that the dealer is in charge of matches the total amount of bills as a result of image analysis by the image analysis device 12.

[0082] The control device 14 compares and determines whether the amount of gaming tokens 120 grasped in the gaming token tray 17 of the dealer 5 of the gaming table 4 has increased or decreased in accordance with the payment amount of the gaming tokens 120 corresponding to the exchanged banknotes, or the payment amount of the banknotes corresponding to the exchanged gaming tokens 120, after the exchange of the banknotes with the gaming tokens 120 has been carried out.

[0083] The control device 14 is an artificial intelligence or deep learning structure control device that can obtain information on the type and number of gaming tokens 120 even when part of the gaming token or an entire token is hidden when measuring and determining the type and number of gaming tokens 120.

[0084] Second Embodiment A management system according to a second embodiment relates to a management system for table games in a gaming facility.

[0085] Casinos and other gaming establishments have made various attempts to prevent dealers from mishandling gaming tokens (gaming tokens). Gaming establishments are equipped with surveillance cameras to monitor dealers' mishandling of gaming tokens, and prevent such mishandling by using images obtained from the surveillance cameras to identify errors and fraud caused by collecting or redeeming gaming tokens that are different from the winning or losing results.

[0086] On the other hand, it has been proposed to attach an IC tag to each gaming token to grasp the amount of gaming tokens bet and the total amount.

[0087] The card game monitoring system described in international application PCT / JP2015 / 000171 determines whether gaming tokens placed on a gaming table have been collected or redeemed in accordance with the winning or losing results by analyzing images of the movements of the gaming tokens, and monitors any errors in the handling of gaming tokens by dealers.

[0088] In gaming facilities such as casinos, gaming tokens are piled up high and placed on gaming tables, but there is a problem that the IC tag reader installed under the gaming table cannot accurately read the total amount, and if the sensitivity of the reader is increased, gaming tokens placed in different positions (where winning or losing depends on the position) are added up, so there is a problem that the total amount of gaming tokens for each position cannot be determined. Furthermore, conventionally, as shown in Figure 7, the patterns of gaming tokens (gaming tokens) 9 are complex, and when a large number of gaming tokens are stacked, there is a problem that the number of stacked tokens cannot be accurately determined by the camera.

[0089] In addition, a new issue has been identified: fraud at gaming tables is becoming more sophisticated, and cameras cannot detect fraud involving sophisticated betting methods that cannot be detected simply by detecting the amount of money won at a particular gaming table.

[0090] In addition, dealers must collect or redeem gaming tokens placed on the gaming table in accordance with the winnings and losses. Even if attempts are made to determine this through image analysis of the gaming tokens, because the patterns on gaming tokens (gaming tokens) are complex, existing practical image analysis technology cannot determine whether the dealer has accurately redeemed the gaming tokens that correspond to the gaming tokens that were bet, posing the problem of insufficient prevention of errors.

[0091] In order to solve the various problems described above, the table game management system of this embodiment comprises a card dealing device that determines and displays the results of each game at the gaming table; a measurement device that uses a camera to measure the type and number of gaming tokens placed on the gaming table; and a management control device that uses the measurement results of the measurement device in each game to identify and store the position, type and number of gaming tokens placed on the gaming table by game participants, wherein the gaming tokens have a multi-layer structure in which multiple plastic layers of different colors are laminated together, with at least a colored layer in the middle, and white or light-colored layers are laminated on both sides of the middle colored layer, forming stripes on the sides in the layering direction, and the colored layers make it possible to identify the type of gaming token.The management control device uses the results of the win / loss obtained from the card dealing device and the measurement results of the position, type and number of gaming tokens placed by game participants to determine the winners and losers of the participants in each game, and has a calculation function that calculates the casino's profit and loss at the gaming table for each game.

[0092] Furthermore, the management system is structured such that the management control device has the function of measuring the number of colored layers, white layers, or light-colored layers of the gaming tokens placed by each game participant to determine the number of gaming tokens.

[0093] In order to solve the various problems mentioned above, the gaming token of this embodiment is configured so that multiple layers of plastic of different colors are laminated together, with a colored layer at least in the middle, and white or light-colored layers are laminated on both sides of the colored layer, forming a striped pattern on the side in the direction of lamination, and the type of gaming token can be identified by the colored layers.

[0094] Furthermore, the gaming token has a white or light-colored layer on the surface that is printed with information indicating the type of gaming token, a transparent layer is provided as the outermost layer, and each layer is heat-pressed to form at least a five-layer structure.

[0095] Furthermore, the gaming tokens may have a mark made of UV ink or infrared absorbing ink (carbon black ink) on the surface of the white or light colored layer, or the outermost transparent layer may be embossed, or the edge of the outermost transparent layer may be rounded, or the colored layer may be formed from multiple layers, and furthermore, the colored layer may have an RFID built in.

[0096] In order to solve the various problems described above, the inspection device for inspecting gaming tokens in this embodiment comprises a passageway having an entrance and exit through which gaming tokens can pass radially, a gaming token type determination device that photographs the side of the gaming token passing through the passageway and determines the color of the stripes on the side in the stacking direction, a mark reading device that reads marks made of UV ink or ink that absorbs infrared rays (carbon black ink) on the surface of the gaming tokens passing through, a print inspection device that reads the printing indicating the type on the surface of the gaming token from a direction perpendicular to the passageway, and a control device for the entire device, and the control device is configured to inspect whether the gaming token type determined by the gaming token type determination device matches the content of the printing indicating the type obtained from the print inspection device.

[0097] According to the system of this embodiment, even if a large number of gaming tokens (gaming tokens) are piled up, the number of gaming tokens can be determined by image analysis, and even if the gaming tokens are relatively piled up, the total amount can be determined by their position and color.

[0098] A table game management system for an amusement parlor having gaming tables according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an overview of the system. The table game management system for an amusement parlor having multiple gaming tables 4 includes a measuring device 19 equipped with an image analyzer 18 that records video of the progress of games played at the gaming tables 4, including the game participants 6 and the dealer 5, via multiple camera devices 2, and analyzes the recorded video of the progress of the games. It also includes a card dealing device 3 that determines and displays the results of each game at the gaming tables 4. The card dealing device 3 is a so-called electronic shoe already used and known by those skilled in the art. The game rules are pre-programmed, and the card dealing device 3 is configured to read information (rank and suit) of the cards C dealt and determine the outcome of the game. For example, in a baccarat game, the banker's win, the player's win, and a tie (draw) are basically determined by the ranks of two or three cards each, and the results (win or loss) are displayed by an indicator lamp 13.

[0099] The management control device 14 reads the information (rank and suit) of the cards C obtained from the card dealing device 3 to determine the outcome of each game, and also determines the winner 6W and loser 6L among the participants 6 in each game using the measurement results of the positions, types, and numbers of gaming tokens 120 placed by the game participants 6. Furthermore, it has a calculation function for calculating the casino's income and expenditure at the gaming table 1 for each game (the total amount of gaming tokens 120 bet by losers 6L minus the total amount of gaming tokens 120 redeemed to winners 6W among the participants 6).

[0100] The image analysis device 18, the measurement device 19 and the management control device 14 in this detection system are configured to be a composite of a computer, a program and a memory, which may be an integrated or multiple configuration.

[0101] Next, details of the gaming token used in this detection system will be described. Figure 8 is a front cross-sectional view of the gaming token 120 used in this detection system, which has a multilayer structure in which multiple plastic layers of different colors are laminated, with at least a colored layer 121 in the middle, and white layers 122 or light-colored layers (not shown, but which may be layers lighter in color than the colored layer 121) laminated on both sides of this intermediate colored layer 121. This multilayer structure, which includes the colored layer 121 and the white layers 122 or light-colored layers (not shown, but which may be layers lighter in color than the colored layer 121) laminated on both sides of this intermediate colored layer 121, forms a striped pattern in the stacking direction on the side as shown in Figure 9A. The colored layers 121 are different colors (red, green, yellow, blue, etc.) for each type of gaming token 120 (10 points, 20 points, 100 points, 1000 points, etc.), making it possible to identify the type of gaming token 120.

[0102] The gaming token 120 is a structure having a colored layer 121 and a white layer 122 or a light-colored layer at least in appearance so as to form an axial stripe pattern on the side, and has a configuration that makes it possible to identify the type of gaming token 120 by the colored layer 121. Figures 10A and 10B are different embodiments, but are examples in which the colored layer 121 and the white layer 122 or the light-colored layer are formed by injection molding, and are made by so-called two-color molding in which the colored layer 121 is first molded in a molding die (not shown), and then the white layer 122 or the light-colored layer is molded.

[0103] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9B , the gaming token 120 has a print 123 (e.g., 100 points) indicating the type of gaming token 120 on the surface (top and bottom) of the white layer 122. As shown in FIG. 8 , a transparent layer 124 is provided as the outermost layer, and each layer is thermocompression-bonded to form at least a five-layer structure. These gaming tokens 120 are made of a long, thin plastic material, and while in a long state, each layer (the colored layer 121, the white layer 122, and the transparent layer 124) is thermocompression-bonded to form a tightly adhered state (e.g., a five-layer structure), and then punched into a circle, rectangle, or the like using a press or the like. When punching using a press, the dimensions of the die and punch of the punching mold are designed so that R processing (rounded corners) is applied to the edge of the outermost transparent layer 124.

[0104] That is, when manufacturing the gaming tokens 120, first, a plate-shaped plastic colored layer 121 and a plate-shaped plastic white layer 122 or light-colored layer are laminated to form a laminated structure consisting of multiple plastic layers. Then, a design is printed on the top and bottom surfaces of this laminated structure, and a transparent layer 124 is provided on top of that. Then, each layer of the laminated structure and the transparent layer 124 are heat-pressed to thermally weld each layer, thereby creating a token original plate. The token original plate thus produced is punched using a mold to obtain multiple gaming tokens 120 of a predetermined shape. During this punching process, the top and bottom outer corners of the gaming tokens 120 are rounded using the mold.

[0105] Furthermore, the gaming token 120 has a face code made of UV ink or infrared-absorbing ink (carbon black ink) on the surface of the white layer 122 (see FIG. 9B ). This face code indicates the authenticity of the gaming token 120; when exposed to ultraviolet (or infrared) light, the mark becomes visible, and the combination of its shape and number indicates authenticity. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of gaming tokens 120 stacked up, and the combination of long code L and short code S forms face code M. A transparent layer (printed layer) 124 is thermocompressed or coated (applied) on the outermost layer to cover the printing 123 and face code, and this transparent layer 124 is embossed to prevent the gaming tokens 120 from sticking together. In this embodiment, an example has been given in which a face code is printed on the surface of the white layer 122, but instead of or together with the face code, either a security mark, an optical variable device (OVD), or both may be printed.

[0106] The edges of the outermost transparent layer (printed layer) 124, on which printing 123 (100 points, etc.) is applied, are rounded (R), preventing the surface of the white layer 122 from deforming and appearing on the sides during the punching process of the gaming token 120. In addition, the gaming token 120 is prevented from having sharp edges that could injure hands or other gaming tokens 120.

[0107] The colored layer 121 may be formed of a plurality of colored layers (three layers in FIG. 8) as shown in FIG. 8. The plurality of colored layers (three layers in FIG. 8) are bonded together by thermocompression, so the three-layer structure is not visible as in FIG. 8, and for the sake of explanation, FIG. 8 shows three layers. Furthermore, a cutout B is provided in the middle layer of the three layers of the colored layer 121, and an RFID 125 is embedded therein.

[0108] The RFID 125 may be placed between the flat surface colored layer 121 and the flat surface white layer 122 without providing the cutout B in the colored layer 121, and may be embedded in the gaming token 120 by simply thermocompressing the colored layer 121 and the white layer 122 together. By making at least one of the colored layer 121 and the white layer 122 out of a thermally deformable material such as plastic, the plastic layer of the colored layer 121 and the white layer 122 that sandwich the RFID 125 is thermally deformed by thermocompression, so that the RFID 125 is tightly fixed between these layers even without providing the cutout B.

[0109] 12 is a perspective photograph illustrating a state in which different types of gaming tokens are stacked. The management control device 14 uses the camera device 2 to capture images of the gaming tokens 120 placed by the game participants 6 on the gaming table 1, and measures the gaming tokens 120 by area 8 (whether they were bets on banker, player, pair, or tie) using a measuring device 19 equipped with an image analyzer 18. The measuring device 19 also analyzes and measures (using information obtained by the image analyzer 18) the number and color of the colored layers 121 (or light-colored layers) or white layers 122 of the gaming tokens 120 stacked in each area to determine the type and number of gaming tokens 120. The management control device 14 controls the camera device 2 to capture images when the first card is drawn from the card dealing device, or before or after the first card is drawn, or after the dealer signs the end of betting.

[0110] The management control device 14 may be a control device that utilizes artificial intelligence or has a deep learning structure. The management control device 14 is able to grasp the positions 8 (positions where bets are made on player, banker, or pairs), types (different amounts are assigned to different colors of the gaming tokens 120) and numbers of gaming tokens 120 bet by each participant 6 via the camera device 2 and the image analysis device 18. In an artificial intelligence-based computer or control system, or deep learning (structure) technology, it is possible to use a self-learning function or the like to grasp the position 8 (position where the player, banker, or pair bet was made), type (different values ​​are assigned to each color of gaming token) and number of gaming tokens 120, so that in accordance with the outcome of each game determined by the card distribution device 3, the management control device 14 determines by analyzing the video of the game progress via the image analysis device 18 whether the collection (indicated by arrow L) of the gaming tokens 120 bet by the losing participant 6L of each game and the redemption (payment (120W)) of the winning gaming tokens 120 to the winning game participant 6W of each game were properly carried out in accordance with the outcome of the game.

[0111] In such cases, as shown in Figure 11 (compared to the conventional gaming token shown in Figure 7), the token has a stacked multi-layer structure with clearly defined stripes in the stacking direction on the side, making it easy for the measuring device 19 including the image analysis device 18 to accurately measure the type and number of gaming tokens. Furthermore, the use of an artificial intelligence-based computer or control system and deep learning (structure) technology enables more accurate image analysis and judgment. Since artificial intelligence-based computers or control systems and deep learning (structure) technology are already known and available to those skilled in the art, detailed explanations will be omitted.

[0112] The management control device 14 can analyze and grasp the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 of the dealer 5 at the gaming table 4 using the image analysis device 18, and after the game is over and settlement is made, can compare and calculate whether the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 has increased or decreased according to the outcome of the game, depending on the collection of the losing gaming tokens 120 bet by each game participant 6 and the amount of winning gaming tokens 120W paid to the winning game participant 6W. Even if the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 is constantly grasped by means such as RFID, the management control device 14 determines whether the increase or decrease is correct by analyzing video of the game progress via the image analysis device 18. These may also utilize artificial intelligence or deep learning structures.

[0113] The management control device 14 may be an artificial intelligence or deep learning type that can grasp the position (position where bets were made on player, banker, or pairs) and amount (type and number) of gaming tokens bet at each playing position 7 of the gaming table 4, and can extract an unusual situation (set by the casino) by comparing the win / loss history of each game participant 6 and the amount of gaming tokens (winning amount) obtained from the win / loss results of each game with statistical data of many past games (big data). Typically, the management control device 14 is an artificial intelligence or deep learning type that can extract an unusual situation by comparing the win amount of more than a certain amount (1 million dollars) or a situation in which, at a playing position 7 of a certain gaming table 4, the amount of gaming tokens bet when losing is small and the amount of gaming tokens bet when winning is large for several games in a row with statistical data (big data, etc.) of past games.

[0114] The management control device 14 is structured to be able to compare and calculate whether the increase or decrease in the gaming tokens corresponding to the settlement is correct after the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 of the dealer 5 at the gaming table 4 is settled with the gaming tokens 120 bet by each participant 6 after each game.

[0115] 6, in the gaming token tray 17 for holding the gaming tokens 120 of the dealer 5, the number and color of the colored layers 121 or white layers 122 of the gaming tokens 120 stacked in the horizontal direction are analyzed and measured by a measuring device 19 (using information obtained by an image analysis device 18), thereby making it possible to determine the type and number of the gaming tokens 120. In this way, the total amount of the gaming tokens 120 in the holding gaming token tray 17 is constantly known (or at predetermined time intervals). The management control device 14 has a calculation function (see above) that calculates the settlement amount for each game (calculation of the casino's income and expenditure at the gaming table 4 (the total amount of gaming tokens 120 bet by losers 6L minus the total amount of gaming tokens 120 redeemed to winners 6W among the participants 6)), so the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 is constantly (or at predetermined time intervals) verified. In other words, it is verified whether the increase or decrease in gaming tokens matches the image analysis results by the image analysis device 18 and the settlement amount for each game by the dealer 5.

[0116] 13A is a diagram showing details of the gaming token tray of this embodiment, and FIG. 13B is a diagram showing another example of the gaming token tray. The gaming token tray 17 is provided with a collection gaming token tray 171 that collects and temporarily stores the gaming tokens 120L bet by the losing player 6L, and a redemption gaming token tray 172 that stores the gaming tokens 120W to be redeemed. The image analysis device 12 and the control device 14 grasp the position, type, and number of the gaming tokens 120L bet by the losing player 6L, and calculate the increase in the gaming tokens 120L for the game (the amount of gaming tokens 120 that should be in the collection gaming token tray 171). Furthermore, the image analysis device 12 and the control device 14 grasp the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 171 after collection, and compare the expected total amount with the actual total amount to determine whether there is a difference.

[0117] Here, the gaming token tray 17 shown previously has a two-tier structure consisting of an upper gaming token tray 17a and a lower gaming token tray 17b. Figures 14A and 14B are diagrams showing the relationship between the two-tier gaming token tray 17 and the camera device 2, with Figure 14A showing the two tiers stacked together and Figure 14B showing the two tiers offset from each other. Below the upper gaming token tray 17a is the lower gaming token tray 17b, which are connected to each other by a hinge 17c. When the gaming tokens 120 in the upper gaming token tray 17a are insufficient, the gaming tokens 120 are replenished from the lower gaming token tray 17b to the upper gaming token tray 17a, and when the gaming tokens 120 in the upper gaming token tray 17a are excessive, the gaming tokens 120 are moved to the lower gaming token tray 17b.

[0118] To insert or remove gaming tokens 120 from the lower gaming token tray 17b, the upper gaming token tray 17a is moved by the hinge 17c to the state shown in Figure 14B. In the state shown in Figure 14A, the upper gaming token tray 17a is imaged by the camera device 2, and in the state shown in Figure 14B, the lower gaming token tray 17b can be imaged by the camera device 2. In the state shown in Figure 14B, the upper gaming token tray 17a and the lower gaming token tray 17b can also be imaged simultaneously and in a state where they can be distinguished from each other by the camera device 2c. Alternatively, the upper gaming token tray 17a and the lower gaming token tray 17b may be imaged separately in the state shown in Figure 14B. The camera device 2, 2c is either equipped with a visible light camera or an infrared camera that corresponds to the ink printed on the side ID 126, or is a camera that can switch between multiple functions of a visible light camera and an infrared camera that corresponds to the ink printed on the side ID 126.

[0119] Next, an inspection device 200 for inspecting gaming tokens 120 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 15. The inspection device 200 is provided with a passage 203 having an entrance 201 and an exit 202 through which the gaming tokens 120 can pass in the radial direction (the direction of the arrow Y). The passage 203 is inclined, and the gaming tokens 120 pass through in the direction of the arrow Y. The passage 203 is equipped with a gaming token type determination device 204 that photographs the side of the gaming token 120 and determines the color of the stripes on the side in the stacking direction, a mark reading device 205 that reads a face code made of UV ink or ink that absorbs infrared rays (carbon black ink) that is provided on the surface of the gaming token 120 that passes through, a print inspection device 206 that reads the printing 123 indicating the type provided on the surface of the gaming token from a direction perpendicular to the passage 203, and a control device 207 for the entire device, and the control device 207 is configured to inspect whether the gaming token type determined by the gaming token type determination device 204 matches the content of the printing indicating the type obtained from the print inspection device 206.

[0120] This inspection device 200 makes it possible to inspect whether the print 123 on the manufactured gaming token 120 is correctly printed in accordance with the gaming token type indicated by the striped color of the gaming token 120.

[0121] As described above, the gaming token 120 of this embodiment has a laminated structure made up of multiple plastic layers, with the colored layer 121 sandwiched between the white layer 122 or light-colored layer, thereby forming a striped pattern in the stacking direction on the side surface. The gaming token 120 has a configuration in which the type of gaming token 120 can be identified by the colored layer 121 that appears on the side surface. In addition, printing is applied to the top and bottom surfaces of the gaming token 120. Specifically, printing is applied to the surface of the white layer 122 or light-colored layer, and a transparent layer 124 is provided on the top surface of that. The colored layer 121, the white layer 122 or light-colored layer, and the printed layer 124 are thermocompression-bonded together to form a layered structure.

[0122] The white layer 122 or the light-colored layer sandwiching the colored layer 121 may be configured so that the thicknesses of the upper and lower layers are different.

[0123] In addition, in this embodiment, the outer edges of the upper and lower surfaces of the gaming token 120 are rounded, which prevents the hands of a player handling the gaming token 120 from being injured and prevents other gaming tokens 120 from being damaged.

[0124] In this embodiment, the RFID 125 is tightly fixed between the plastic layers that form the colored layer 121, the white layer 122, or the light-colored layer.

[0125] In this embodiment, a face code made of UV luminescent ink or infrared absorbing ink such as ink that absorbs infrared rays (carbon black ink) is provided on the upper and / or lower surfaces of the gaming token 120. As a variation of this embodiment, either or both of a security mark and an optical variable device (OVD) may be printed on the surface of the gaming token 120 in place of or together with the face code.

[0126] Furthermore, the gaming token 120 of this embodiment has a side ID 126 attached to its side and a built-in RFID 125, and has a face code made of UV-emitting ink or infrared-absorbing ink provided on its top or bottom surface (printed layer 124). The information on the side ID 126 and the information on the RFID 125 are associated with each other, or the information on the side ID 126 and the information on the face code are associated with each other, or the information on the side ID 126, the information on the RFID 125 and the information on the face code are associated with each other.

[0127] The inspection device 200 of this embodiment also includes a measuring device 19 for measuring the type of gaming token 120, which photographs the side of the gaming token 120 and determines the color of the stripes on the side in the stacking direction, and a mark reading device 205 for reading the printing on the gaming token. This makes it possible to inspect the relationship between the type of gaming token and the printed content.

[0128] The management control device 14 of this embodiment takes images to determine the position, type and number of gaming tokens placed by game participants in each game when the first card is drawn from the card distribution device 3, or before or after the first card is drawn, or after the dealer signs to end betting.

[0129] The gaming token 120 of this embodiment is manufactured as follows. First, the colored layer 121 and the white layer 122 or light-colored layer are heated and pressed together to form a laminated structure including multiple plastic layers. Then, a design is printed on at least the top or bottom surface of the laminated structure to create a token original plate. Then, the token original plate is punched using a mold to obtain multiple gaming tokens of a predetermined shape. Here, during the punching process, the outer edges of the top and bottom surfaces of the gaming token 120 are rounded using the mold.

[0130] Furthermore, when manufacturing a gaming token 120 having a side ID, the side ID is inkjet printed on the side surface of the white layer 122 or the light-colored layer. Furthermore, when manufacturing a gaming token 120 having an RFID, the RFID is sandwiched between layers of a laminated structure, and when the layers are heated and pressed together, the layers sandwiching the RFID are heat-welded to tightly seal the periphery of the RFID with a plastic layer.

[0131] The table game management system of this embodiment also includes a card dealing device 13 that determines and displays the win / loss results of each game at the gaming table 4, a camera device 2 that captures images of gaming tokens 120 placed on the gaming table 4, and a management control device 14 that identifies and stores the position, type, and number of gaming tokens placed on the gaming table 4 by game participants 6 using the image capture results from the camera device 2. The gaming tokens 120 are laminated structures in which a colored layer 121 and a white layer 122 or a light-colored layer are laminated, and have stripes on the sides in the stacking direction. The management control device 14 has a calculation function that calculates the casino's profit and loss at the gaming table 4 for each game, based on the win / loss results obtained from the card dealing device 13 and the position, type, and number of gaming tokens 120 identified using the image capture results from the camera device 2.

[0132] The management control device 14 has the function of counting the number of colored layers 121, white layers 122 or light-colored layers of the gaming tokens 120 placed by each game participant 6, determining the type and amount of the gaming tokens based on the color of the colored layers 121, and determining the number of gaming tokens 120.

[0133] (Third embodiment) The system of this embodiment relates to a gaming token management system that prevents counterfeit gaming tokens from being used in casinos and other gaming facilities that use gaming tokens.

[0134] Among the many live table games played in casinos and gaming establishments are baccarat and blackjack. These games use a standard deck of 52 playing cards, which are dealt to the game table by a shooter with multiple pre-shuffled decks (6 to 9 or 10 decks). Casinos and gaming establishments use gaming tokens for these games.

[0135] The use of counterfeit gaming tokens must not occur in casinos. To prevent the use of counterfeit gaming tokens in casinos, casinos have technology that attaches RFID tags to gaming tokens to prevent the use of counterfeits. RFID-equipped gaming tokens are well known and are disclosed in International Application Publication No. WO2008 / 120749.

[0136] This embodiment provides a management system or gaming token that prevents the use of counterfeit gaming tokens used in casinos and gaming facilities, and can prevent the use of counterfeit gaming tokens and illegal exchanges in casinos and gaming facilities. In recent years, the technology for manufacturing counterfeit gaming tokens has evolved, and the technology has progressed to the point where authenticity determination marks and RFIDs can be almost perfectly copied. As a result, there is a problem in that counterfeit gaming tokens are marked with the same authenticity determination marks and RFIDs as genuine gaming tokens, making it impossible to distinguish between counterfeit and genuine gaming tokens and making authenticity determination almost impossible.

[0137] In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the gaming token management system of this embodiment comprises gaming tokens to which individually identifiable side IDs are attached, an ID reading device that reads the side IDs attached to the gaming tokens, a storage cabinet that holds the gaming tokens in a cashier of an amusement facility, a gaming table gaming token tray that holds the gaming tokens in a gaming table, a gaming token determination device that specifies the type and number of the gaming tokens held in the gaming table gaming token tray and the storage cabinet using the ID reading device, and a management control device that manages the IDs attached to the gaming tokens in a database in the amusement facility, The processing control device registers the IDs of the gaming tokens that are expected to be used in the database in advance, and uses the database to manage at least the IDs of the gaming tokens that are present on the gaming table gaming token tray and the storage cabinet along with their location information on the database, identifies the gaming tokens on the gaming table gaming token tray and the storage cabinet at a predetermined timing and searches the database to determine the following events by searching the database, and has the function of generating an error signal if 1) a new ID that did not exist in the database exists, or 2) two or more of the same IDs exist, or if the above 1) or 2) situation occurs.

[0138] Furthermore, the management control device further has the function of, when there is a change in the presence of the gaming tokens at least in the gaming table gaming token tray and the storage, recording the time or location of the change in the database in association with the ID, searching the database, and if there is a situation where two or more identical IDs exist, extracting and saving from the database the ID and the time or location information recorded in association with the ID in the database, and identifying the time when the gaming token with the previously detected ID entered or left the gaming table gaming token tray or the storage, or the location of the gaming table gaming token tray or the storage where the gaming token was held.

[0139] Furthermore, the gaming token management system may be equipped with a gaming token determination device for a betting area that uses the ID reading device to identify the type and number of gaming tokens bet on the betting area of ​​the gaming table, and may also be equipped with a function that determines the following events for the IDs of the gaming tokens present on the betting area of ​​the gaming table by searching a database, and generates an error signal if 1) a new ID that did not exist in the database exists, or 2) two or more identical IDs exist, or if the above 1) or 2) situation occurs.

[0140] Furthermore, the side ID is attached to at least three places on the side of the gaming token. The side ID is attached by inkjet printing using ink that is visible under visible light. In particular, a configuration in which the side ID is attached by the presence or absence of marks in multiple rows and columns is advantageous. Furthermore, a transparent coating layer or varnish is provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the gaming token.

[0141] To solve the above-mentioned problems of the related art, the gaming token of this embodiment has a multi-layer structure in which multiple plastic layers of different colors are laminated, at least one of which is a colored layer, and a white or light-colored layer is laminated outside the colored layer, thereby forming a striped pattern in the stacking direction on the side, and the colored layer allows the type of gaming token to be identified. Furthermore, side IDs are attached to at least three locations on the side of the side white or light-colored layer, and by reading the IDs with an ID reader, the type of gaming token and manufacturing information can be identified and the IDs can be managed in a database. The side IDs may be attached by inkjet printing using ink that is visible to visible light (visible ink). The side IDs may be attached by inkjet printing using ink that is invisible to visible light (infrared-absorbing ink, UV ink, etc.). The side IDs may also be printed using at least two or more of ink that is visible to visible light, infrared-absorbing ink, and UV ink.

[0142] In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the gaming tokens of this embodiment are assigned an individually identifiable side ID, the side ID assigned to the gaming tokens is read by an ID reading device, the ID reading device is capable of reading the gaming tokens held in a storage held by a cashier at an amusement facility and in a gaming table gaming token tray at a gaming table, and further, the type and number of the gaming tokens held in the gaming table gaming token tray and the storage are identified by a gaming token determination device via the ID reading device, the IDs of the gaming tokens present on the gaming table gaming token tray and the storage are managed in a database together with their location information, and at least 1) the existence of a new ID that did not exist in the database, and 2) the existence of two or more of the same IDs are checked, and the ID is capable of determining the occurrence of the above situation 1) or 2).

[0143] Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, a gaming token management system in an amusement parlor having gaming tables according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an overview of the entire system. The gaming token management system in an amusement parlor having multiple gaming tables 4 (only one is shown in FIG. 16 ) captures, stores, and manages images of the progress of games played at the gaming tables 4, including game participants 6 and dealers 5, via multiple camera devices 2. In particular, the gaming token management system identifies the type and number of gaming tokens 120 used in games at the gaming tables 4 by analyzing image information obtained by the camera devices 2. A side ID 126 is attached to the side of the gaming token 120, and the type and number of gaming tokens 120 are obtained by determining and reading the side ID 126. Note that in this specification, the terms "side ID" and "ID" are used both to refer to the ID as a physical entity attached to the side of the gaming token 120 and to refer to the identification information indicated by the ID. The ID reader 53 inside the management control device 50 connected to the camera device 2 analyzes the image information obtained from the camera device 2 and identifies the side ID 126. In particular, the management control device 50 has an internal gaming token determination device 52 that analyzes the image data captured via the camera device 2 and identifies the type and number of gaming tokens 120 lined up side by side or stacked from the results of reading the side ID 126.

[0144] Furthermore, the management system of this embodiment is configured such that, in addition to the camera device 2 that photographs and records the gaming tokens 120, multiple camera devices 2b-1 and 2b-2 that are placed at predetermined positions and at different heights photograph the gaming tokens 120 on the gaming table 4. The camera device 2b-1 is capable of photographing gaming tokens 120 that are relatively far away on the gaming table 4, and the camera device 2b-2 is configured to photograph gaming tokens 120 that are relatively close on the gaming table 4. By photographing with two camera devices 2b-1 and 2b-2, it is possible to photograph gaming tokens 120 in places that would be blind spots for one camera.

[0145] The gaming tokens 120 are exchanged for cash 61 paid by game participants 6 at a plurality of cashiers 60 in the gaming parlor, and at each cashier 60, the gaming tokens 120 are stored in a storage 62 for holding them. At each cashier 60 in the gaming parlor, the gaming tokens 120 brought by game participants 6 are also refunded in cash 61. At the gaming tables 4, the gaming tokens 120 are held in a gaming table gaming token tray 17, and the dealer 5 collects from the table 4 the gaming tokens 120 bet by game participants 6 who lost in each game, returns them to the gaming table gaming token tray 17, and then redeems the gaming tokens 120 to the game participants 6 who won each game. All such interactions between the game participants 6 and the gaming parlor cashier 60 or the dealer 5 are photographed and recorded by the camera device 2. In the storage 62 or the gaming table gaming token tray 17, the number of gaming tokens 120 stored in the storage 62 or the gaming table gaming token tray 17 increases or decreases every time gaming tokens 120 are exchanged with the game participants 6. The types and numbers of gaming tokens 120 held in the gaming table gaming token tray 17 and the storage 62 are monitored at predetermined times or constantly by the ID reader 53 and the gaming token determination device 52 via the camera device 2. The management control device 50 stores in advance in the database 51 the side IDs 126 of all gaming tokens 120 that are expected to be used in the gaming facility (the gaming facility registers the side IDs 126 of all gaming tokens 120 that are expected to be used).

[0146] In this embodiment, the gaming token tray 17 may also be configured with two upper and lower levels, an upper gaming token tray 17a and a lower gaming token tray 17b, as described in Figures 14A and 14B. This allows the camera device 2 to capture an image of the upper gaming token tray 17a in the state shown in Figure 14A, and the camera device 2 to capture an image of the lower gaming token tray 17b in the state shown in Figure 14B. In the state shown in Figure 14B, the camera device 2c can also capture images of the upper gaming token tray 17a and the lower gaming token tray 17b simultaneously and in a state where they can be distinguished from each other. Alternatively, the upper gaming token tray 17a and the lower gaming token tray 17b may be captured separately in the state shown in Figure 14B. The camera device 2, 2c is either equipped with a visible light camera or an infrared camera that corresponds to the ink printed on the side ID 126, or is a camera that can switch between multiple functions of a visible light camera and an infrared camera that corresponds to the ink printed on the side ID 126.

[0147] In this way, the management control device 50, which manages the side IDs 126 attached to the gaming tokens 120 on a database, uses the database 51 to manage all of the side IDs 126 of the gaming tokens 120 present at least on the gaming table gaming token trays 17 and the storage 62 in the gaming facility, along with their location information (such as whether they are in the storage 62 or the gaming table gaming token tray 17, or being moved from the back yard (not shown), or being held by the game participant 6). The management control device 50 identifies all of the gaming tokens 120 on the gaming table gaming token trays 17 and the storage 62 by their side IDs 126 at a predetermined timing or all the time, and searches the database 51 to determine the following events by searching the database 51: 1) it is determined that a new side ID 126 exists that did not exist (or did not exist) in the database 51, or 2) it is determined that two or more of the same IDs exist.

[0148] The management control device 50 has the function of generating an error signal indicating an abnormality if the above-mentioned situation 1) or 2) occurs, and notifying the gaming facility's management department and security department 54. The management control device 50 identifies all gaming tokens 120 in the gaming table gaming token trays 17 and the storage 62 by side ID 126 at a predetermined timing or all the time, and stores them in the database 51, so that 1) it can determine that a new side ID 126 that did not exist (or did not exist) in the database 51 exists, and 2) it can also determine that two or more of the same IDs exist.

[0149] Furthermore, when there is a change in the presence of gaming tokens 120 at least in the gaming table gaming token tray 17 and the storage 62, the management control device 50 records the time or location of the change (storage 62, gaming table gaming token tray 17, etc.) in the database 51 in association with the side ID 126, and if a search of the database 51 reveals that two or more identical side IDs 126 exist, it extracts and saves from the database 51 the side ID 126 and the time or location information recorded in the database 51 in association with the side ID 126, making it possible to identify from the database 51 the time when the gaming token 120 attached with the previously detected side ID 126 (which has already been used or cashed) entered or left the gaming table gaming token tray 17 or storage 13, or the location of the gaming table gaming token tray 17 or storage 13 where the gaming token 120 was held. Once the time and location can be identified, it becomes possible to identify the person suspected of using the fraudulent gaming token 120 from the video footage recorded by the camera device 2.

[0150] In this gaming token management system, the management control device 50 can identify the type and number of gaming tokens 120 bet on the betting area 8 of the gaming table 4 using the ID reading device 53. The gaming tokens 120 in the betting area 8 are photographed by a camera device 2b that particularly photographs the betting area 8, and the following events are determined by searching the database 51 for the side ID 126 of the gaming token 120 present on the betting area 8 of the gaming table 4: 1) A side ID 126 that did not exist in the database 51 newly exists in the betting area 16, 2) Two or more identical IDs exist, The management control device 50 has a function to generate an error signal if the above situation 1) or 2) occurs.

[0151] The management control device 50 in this system, the internal ID reading device 53, and the gaming token determination device 52 that identifies the type and number of gaming tokens 120 are structured as a composite of a computer, program, and memory, which may be one or more components.

[0152] Next, details of the gaming token 120 (so-called gaming token) used in this system will be described. Figure 17 is a side view of the gaming token 120 used in this system. The gaming token 120 is formed by laminating multiple plate-shaped plastic layers of different colors, combining them together by means such as thermocompression, and then punching them into a circle or a rectangle. The gaming token 120 manufactured in this manner has a multilayer structure in which a colored layer 121 is provided at least in the middle, and white layers 122 or light-colored layers (not shown, but which may be layers of a lighter color than the colored layer 121) are laminated on both sides of this colored layer 121 (top and bottom in Figure 17). In this way, a colored layer 121 is provided, and a white layer 122 or a light-colored layer (not shown, but a layer that is lighter in color than the colored layer 121) is laminated on both sides of this intermediate colored layer 121 to form a multi-layer structure, which forms a striped pattern (in the direction of lamination) when viewed from the side as shown in Figure 17, and by changing the color (red, green, yellow, blue, etc.) of the colored layer 121 for each type of gaming token 120 (10 points, 20 points, 100 points, 1000 points, etc.), the type of gaming token 120 can be identified.

[0153] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 17 , the gaming token 120 has a side ID 126 on the side of the white layer 122, indicating the type of gaming token 120. A transparent layer 124 is provided as the outermost layer, and each layer is thermocompression-bonded to form at least a five-layer structure. These gaming tokens 120 are made of a long, thin plastic material, and while in a long state, each layer (at least the colored layer 121 and the white layer 122) is thermocompression-bonded to form a tightly adhered structure (e.g., a five-layer structure). They are then punched into a circular or rectangular shape using a press or other tool. When punching using a press, the dimensions of the die and punch used for punching are designed to provide rounded corners on the edge of the outermost transparent layer 124. The transparent layer 124 may be a varnished layer. The side ID 126 is provided in at least three places on the side of the gaming token 120. The side ID 126 is applied by inkjet printing using ink that is visible under visible light.

[0154] In particular, in this embodiment, the side ID 126 is assigned with or without multiple rows and columns of marks C. As shown in FIG. 17 , the multiple rows and columns of marks C are paired with upper and lower marks C to form a code, which in FIG. 17 is a 10-digit code. FIG. 18 shows a configuration in which upper and lower marks C are paired to form a code (four types). The letter Y next to the marks C is an identification mark for distinguishing the upper and lower sides of the marks. The code composed of marks C is configured to identify a predetermined combination of marks C. As a result, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 18 , if four types of combinations of marks C in two upper and lower columns are printed in 10 columns, four types of 10-power codes can be configured. Since there are four types of 10-digit codes, 4 to the 10-power types of codes can be obtained, which is sufficient to assign the side ID 126 to the gaming token 120.

[0155] The gaming token 120 has a multi-layer structure in which multiple layers of different colored plastics are laminated, with at least one colored layer 121. A white layer 122 or a light-colored layer is laminated outside the colored layer 121, forming a striped pattern in the stacking direction on the side surface. The colored layer 121 allows the type of gaming token 120 to be identified. Side IDs 126 are provided in at least three locations (preferably six locations) on the side surface of the white layer 122 or light-colored layer. In this embodiment, six side IDs 126 are provided at predetermined intervals of 60 degrees in the rotational direction (circumferential direction). Each gaming token 120 is provided with an individually identifiable (each unique) side ID 126, which is provided at predetermined intervals of 60 degrees in the rotational direction (circumferential direction) so that the side ID 126 is always visible from the side. The side IDs 126 attached to the gaming token 120 are read by the ID reader 53 described above. By reading the side ID 126 with the ID reader 53, the type and manufacturing information of the gaming token 120 can be identified, and the side ID 126 can be managed in the database 51. In this embodiment, the side ID 126 is affixed by inkjet printing using ink that is visible to visible light. The side ID 126 may be printed using either or a combination of ink that is invisible to visible light (ink that absorbs infrared light) or ink that is at least visible to visible light (including ink that is very small and difficult to see). The side ID 126 may also be printed using a combination of these types of ink. The ID reader 53 is equipped with at least a plurality of cameras corresponding to the ink printed on the side ID 126 (i.e., a visible light camera if the ink is visible ink, an infrared camera if the ink is infrared-sensitive ink, and an ultraviolet camera (UV irradiator and visible light camera) if the ink is UV ink), or it is equipped with a camera that can switch between multiple functions corresponding to the ink (visible light camera, infrared camera, ultraviolet camera (UV irradiator and visible light camera, etc.)).

[0156] In FIG. 19, the gaming token 120-1 has the side ID 126 printed in ink that is invisible to visible light (ink that absorbs infrared rays). The gaming token 120-2 has multiple rows and columns of marks C printed in ink that appears black in visible light. The gaming token 120-3 also has marks C printed between the side IDs 126 in ink that appears black in visible light, allowing the side IDs 126 to blend into the design and make them less noticeable. The gaming token 120-4 has marks Cf indicating the ends to indicate the start and end points of the side ID 126. When the gaming tokens 120-1 to 120-4 are viewed with an infrared camera, the infrared-absorbing ink appears black due to the infrared rays, and an image can be taken of the gaming token 120-5 with the side ID 126 in a readable state (shown as gaming token 120-5). The top and bottom of the side ID 126 are indicated by marks CL. The top and bottom relationship of the marks is as shown in Fig. 17. The side ID 126 may be printed using a combination of ink that is visible to visible light and infrared absorbing ink.

[0157] The side ID 126 attached to the gaming token 120 is read by the above-mentioned ID reading device 53, and the ID reading device 53 can read the gaming tokens 120 held in the storage 62 held by the cashier of the gaming parlor and in the gaming table gaming token tray 17 of the gaming table, and can read the side ID 126 even if the gaming tokens are actually stacked horizontally (horizontally) as shown in Fig. 20A. In addition, the ID reading device 53 can also read the gaming tokens 120 piled up in the betting area 8 or the like as shown in Fig. 20B.

[0158] Furthermore, the gaming token 120 has a face code made of UV ink or infrared-absorbing ink (carbon black ink) on the surface (X) of the white layer 122 (see Figure 9B). This face code indicates the authenticity of the gaming token 120; when exposed to ultraviolet (or infrared) light, the face code becomes visible, and its shape and number combination indicate authenticity. A transparent layer (printed layer) 124 is thermocompressed or coated (applied) on the outermost layer to cover the game parlor-specific printing 123 (e.g., 100 points) and face code on the surface. This transparent layer 124 is embossed or varnished to prevent the gaming tokens 120 from sticking to each other and to improve slippage. The gaming token 120 has circular depressions 127 in the centers of the top and bottom surfaces. The recesses 127 can prevent the gaming tokens 120 from sticking together, and by increasing the diameter of the recesses 127, the gaming tokens 120 can slide more easily.

[0159] The edges of the outermost transparent layer (printed layer) 124, bearing the printing 123 (e.g., 100 points), are rounded (R) to prevent the surface of the white layer 122 from deforming and appearing on the side during the punching process of the gaming token 100. This also prevents sharp edges of the gaming token 100 from damaging the remaining hand or other gaming tokens 120. The colored layer 121 may be formed of one or more colored layers. Furthermore, a layer within the colored layer 121 may be embedded with a metal or ceramic to increase its weight. Specifically, the material of the layer within the colored layer 121 may contain, for example, metal powder (e.g., one or more metal oxides selected from zinc oxide and titanium oxide) to increase its weight. Furthermore, a portion of the colored layer 121 may be hollowed out, or a space may be provided between the colored layer 121 and the white layer 122, within which an RFID tag may be embedded. In this case, the side ID 126 of the gaming token 120 is used in combination with the side ID 126 based on the code using mark C and the side ID 126 based on RFID.

[0160] In the gaming tokens 120 configured in this manner, the type and number of gaming tokens 120 held in the gaming table gaming token tray 17 and storage 62 are identified by the gaming token determination device 52 via the camera device 2 and the ID reading device 53, and the side IDs 126 of the gaming tokens 120 present on the gaming table gaming token tray 17 and storage 62 are managed in the database 51 together with their location information. This checks at least: 1) whether a new side ID 126 that did not exist in the database 51 exists, and 2) whether two or more of the same side IDs 126 exist. The occurrence of the above situation 1) or 2) can be realized by searching and determining all of the side IDs 126.

[0161] As described above, the game participants 6 can exchange cash 61 for gaming tokens at the cashier 60, but the exchange from cash 61 to gaming tokens 120 can also be carried out at the gaming table 4. The camera device 2 captures images of banknotes placed on the gaming table 4 to be exchanged for gaming tokens 120. In other words, the multiple camera devices 2 that capture images of the gaming tokens 120 on the gaming table 4 are each arranged in different positions and at different heights.

[0162] The management control device 50 uses the image capture results of the banknotes by the camera device 2 to identify the type and number of gaming tokens 120 to be dispensed from the gaming token tray 17 in exchange for the banknotes. The management control device 50 compares the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 120 stored in the gaming token tray 17 before and after dispensing, and determines whether or not the difference corresponds to the identified type and number of gaming tokens 120 to be dispensed. In other words, the management control device 50 compares and determines whether or not the total amount of gaming tokens 120 grasped in the gaming token tray 17 corresponds to an increase or decrease in the payment amount of the gaming tokens 120 corresponding to the exchanged banknotes after the exchange of the gaming tokens 120 with the banknotes. In addition, when collection and redemption are also carried out simultaneously according to the outcome of the game, the management control device 50 compares and determines whether or not it also corresponds to the increase or decrease in the gaming tokens 120 calculated from the amount of gaming tokens 120 bet by all players 6 and the outcome of the game.

[0163] Here, the management control device 50 is an artificial intelligence or deep learning structure control device that is capable of obtaining information on the type and number of gaming tokens 120 even when part of the gaming token 120 or an entire token 120 is hidden when measuring and determining the type and number of the gaming tokens 120.

[0164] As described above, the gaming token 120 has side IDs 126 attached to the white layer 122 or light-colored layer on the side surface at at least three locations spaced apart in the rotational direction (circumferential direction). By reading the side IDs 126 with the ID reader 53, it is possible to identify the type and manufacturing information of the gaming token 120. The information measured and identified in this way is configured to be collated and managed against the database 51.

[0165] The management control device 50 may be a control device that utilizes artificial intelligence or has a deep learning structure. The management control device 50 is capable of grasping the position 8 (player, banker, or position where a bet is made on a pair), type (different amounts are assigned to different colors of gaming tokens) and number of gaming tokens 120 by using an artificial intelligence-based computer or control system, deep learning (structure) technology, self-learning function, etc.

[0166] Below, a modified example of the gaming token 120 will be described. In this modified example, seven digits of numbers are printed on the side of the gaming token 120 as a side ID 126. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21 , a white layer 122 is provided in the center, with colored layers 121 provided above and below it. Numbers are printed as marks on the central white layer 122 to form the side ID 126. There are ten types of number combinations, and when these are printed with digits, 10 types of codes to the power of seven can be formed, which is sufficient to provide the side ID 126 of the gaming token 120. It may be difficult to determine and read the numbers using the camera device 2 and its image analysis, so the combination of mark C in the embodiment shown above is considered to be advantageous in terms of image analysis.

[0167] Another inspection device 300 for inspecting gaming tokens 120 will be described with reference to FIG. 22 . The device includes a face code reader 306 that reads the face code M, which is printed with UV-emitting ink or infrared-absorbing ink on the surface of the gaming token 120; an ID reader 307 that reads the side ID 126 on the side; an RFID reader 308 that reads the RFID (not shown) information on the gaming token 120; and a control device 207. The control device 207 is configured to inspect the correlation between the side ID 126 information obtained by the ID reader 307, the information obtained from the face code reader 306, and the information obtained from the RFID reader 308. The correlation between the above information is inspected by comparing the read results with a database (not shown) that should contain the correct information. This inspection is used to detect printing errors in the face code M or side ID 126 to prevent defects or to distinguish them from counterfeits.

[0168] This embodiment (FIG. 22) is provided with a push-out device 302 which supplies gaming tokens 120 one by one to a reading stage 309 by a push-out section 301 which moves in the direction of the arrow Z, and the stacked gaming tokens 120 are supplied to the reading stage 309 by the push-out device 302. As a result, the previous gaming token 120 which has been inspected is pushed out and falls in the direction of the arrow X, and the gaming token 120 which has fallen in the direction of the arrow X is held on a holding stage 310.

[0169] Another inspection device 400 for inspecting gaming tokens 120 will be described with reference to Figure 23. The inspection device 400 includes an RFID reader 408 that reads information from the RFID (not shown) of the gaming token 120, an ID reader 307 that reads the side ID 126 on the side, and a control device 207, and is configured to inspect the correlation between the side ID 126 information obtained by the ID reader 307 and the information obtained from the RFID reader 408. The correlation of the above information is inspected by comparing the read results with a database (not shown) that should contain the correct information. This inspection is used to detect printing errors in the face code M or side ID 126 to prevent defects or to distinguish them from counterfeits.

[0170] The ID reader 307 is configured to include a camera 409 that can switch between multiple functions, a visible light camera corresponding to the ink printed on the side ID 126, or an infrared camera corresponding to the ink printed on the side ID 126. The visible light camera can read the number and color of the gaming token 120, and the infrared camera can read the side ID 126 of the gaming token 120.

[0171] Another inspection device 450 for inspecting gaming tokens 120 will be described with reference to Figure 24. The same parts as those in the inspection device 400 are given the same numbers (description omitted). The ID reading device 307 is configured to include multiple visible light cameras 304 or infrared cameras 305 that correspond to the ink printed on the side ID 126. The visible light cameras 304 can read the number and color of the gaming tokens 120, and the infrared cameras 305 can read the side ID 126 of the gaming token 120.

[0172] The management control device 50 obtains the total amount of gaming tokens (chips) in the gaming token tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game via the gaming token determination device 52, and in this case, the determination after settlement is made when any of the following 1) to 4) occurs: 1) when redemption of winning gaming tokens (winning chips) 120 is completed, 2) when the cards C used in the game are collected and discarded in the discard area or discard slot of the table, 3) when a predetermined button attached to the card distribution device 3 which functions as a win / loss result determination device is pressed, 4) when the marker 43 indicating the win or loss is returned to its original position.

[0173] In addition, by combining this embodiment with the image analyzer 18 of the second embodiment, which records the progress of the game being played at the gaming table 4 as video via multiple camera devices 2 including the game participants 6 and the dealer 5 and performs image analysis of the recorded video of the progress of the game to analyze and grasp the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 of the dealer 5 of the gaming table 4, a measuring device 19 which analyzes and measures using the information obtained by the image analyzer 18 to determine the type and number of gaming tokens 120, and / or a mark reader 205 which reads face codes made of UV-emitting ink or infrared-absorbing ink provided on the surface of the gaming tokens 120, and further combining, if necessary, an RFID reader 308 which reads information from the RFID 125 of the gaming tokens 120, an inspection device such as the one described below including a management control device 50 can be configured.

[0174] That is, by combining the above configuration with an RFID reader 308 that reads the information on the RFID 125 of the gaming token 120, it is possible to configure an inspection device that includes an ID reader 53 that reads the side ID 126 on the side, and a management control device 50. In this inspection device, the management control device 50 inspects the correlation between the information on the side ID 126 read by the ID reader 53 and the information on the RFID 125 read by the RFID reader 308.

[0175] Furthermore, by combining the above configuration with the mark reading device 205 of the second embodiment that reads a face code made of UV luminescent ink or infrared absorbing ink provided on the top or bottom surface of the gaming token 120, it is possible to configure an inspection device that includes an ID reading device 53 that reads the side ID 126 on the side surface, and a management control device 50. In this inspection device, the management control device 50 inspects the relationship between the information on the side ID 126 read by the ID reading device 53 and the information on the face code read by the mark reading device 205.

[0176] Furthermore, by combining the above configuration with the mark reader 205 of the second embodiment that reads the face code made of UV luminescent ink or infrared absorbing ink provided on the surface of the gaming token 120, and the RFID reader 308 that reads the information in the RFID 125 of the gaming token 120, it is possible to configure an inspection device that includes an ID reader 53 that reads the side ID 126 on the side, and a management control device 50. In this inspection device, the management control device 50 inspects the correlation between the information in the side ID 126 read by the ID reader 53, the information in the face code read by the mark reader 205, and the information in the RFID 125 read by the RFID reader 308.

[0177] As described above, in this embodiment, the gaming token 120 has the side ID 126 for identifying each individual piece attached to the outer surface of the white layer 122 or the light-colored layer.

[0178] The side IDs 126 are attached at least in three or more places at intervals in the rotational direction (circumferential direction) of the side surface of the gaming token 120 .

[0179] The side ID 126 is printed with invisible ink that is invisible under visible light (for example, infrared absorbing ink or UV emitting ink).

[0180] Furthermore, the side IDs 126 are provided in multiple rows on each of the two side surfaces of the white layer 122 or the light-colored layer.

[0181] Furthermore, at least one of the multiple plastic layers that make up the colored layer 121 and the white layer 122 contains metal powder (e.g., one or more metal oxides such as zinc oxide and titanium oxide) to increase the weight of the layer.

[0182] The side ID 126 may be printed with two or more of inks selected from the group consisting of ink visible to visible light, infrared absorbing ink, and UV ink. In this case, the ID reader 53 may include multiple cameras corresponding to the inks used to print the side ID 126, or multiple cameras that can switch between imaging functions corresponding to the inks.

[0183] The gaming token 120 is manufactured as follows. First, a colored layer 121 and a white layer 122 or a light-colored layer sandwiching the colored layer 121 are heated and pressed together to form a laminated structure including multiple plastic layers. A design is then printed on at least the top or bottom surface of the laminated structure to create a token blank. The token blank is then punched using a mold to obtain multiple gaming tokens of predetermined shapes. At least one of the multiple plastic layers contains a layer containing metal powder or metal oxide for increasing weight. A side ID 126 that identifies each individual gaming token 120 is printed on the side of the gaming token 120 manufactured in this manner. At this time, the side ID 126 may be printed by inkjet printing.

[0184] Furthermore, the RFID 125 is sandwiched between the layers of the laminated structure, and when the layers are heated and pressed together, the layers sandwiching the RFID 125 are heat-welded to fix the RFID 125 in a tight contact manner with a plastic layer around it.

[0185] In addition, the table game management system of this embodiment is provided with a gaming token tray 17 that is provided on the gaming table 4 and holds gaming tokens 120 by type, a camera device 2 that captures images of the gaming tokens 120 held in the gaming token tray 17, and a management control device 50 that uses the image capture results from the camera device 2 to identify the type and number of gaming tokens 120 held in the gaming token tray 17 and measure the total amount of gaming tokens 120 on the gaming token tray 17.

[0186] The gaming token 120 is a laminated structure in which a colored layer 121 and a white layer 122 or a light-colored layer are laminated, and has a striped pattern on the side in the stacking direction. The management control device 50 has the function of counting the number of colored layers 121 or white layers 122 or light-colored layers of the gaming token placed by each game player, and determining the type and value of the gaming token based on the color of the colored layer 121.

[0187] The management control device 50 determines whether the actual total amount of gaming tokens 120 after the end of the game ascertained in the gaming token tray 17 corresponds to the increase or decrease in the gaming tokens 120 calculated from the amount of gaming tokens 120 bet by all players 6 and the win / loss result of the game.

[0188] The management control device 50 obtains the total amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game when either: 1) redemption of winning gaming tokens 120W is completed, 2) when the cards used in the game are collected and discarded in the discard area of ​​the table, 3) when a specified button attached to the card distribution device 3 which functions as a win / loss result determination device is pressed, or 4) when the marker indicating the win / loss is returned to its original position.

[0189] The camera device 2 is also capable of capturing images of banknotes placed on the gaming table 4 to be exchanged for gaming tokens 120, and the management control device 50 uses the results of capturing the images of the banknotes to identify the type and number of gaming tokens 120 on the gaming token tray 17 that should be reduced by exchanging the gaming tokens 120 on the gaming token tray 17 for banknotes, and compares this with the actual total amount of gaming tokens 120 on the gaming token tray 17.

[0190] The management control device 50 compares and determines whether the total amount of gaming tokens 120 grasped in the gaming token tray 17 corresponds to the increase or decrease in the payment amount of gaming tokens 120 corresponding to the exchanged banknotes after the exchange of the banknotes with the gaming tokens 120, and the increase or decrease in gaming tokens 120 calculated from the amount of gaming tokens 120 bet by all players 6 and the win / loss result of the game.

[0191] The management control device 50 is an artificial intelligence or deep learning structure control device that can obtain information on the type and number of gaming tokens 120 even when part of the gaming token 120 or an entire token 120 is hidden when measuring and determining the type and number of the gaming tokens 120.

[0192] The gaming token 120 has side IDs 126 attached to the white layer 122 or light-colored layer on the side at at least three locations spaced apart in the rotational direction (circumferential direction), and by reading the side IDs 126 with an ID reading device 53, the type and manufacturing information of the gaming token 120 can be identified, and the information identified by measurement can be collated and managed against a database 51.

[0193] The side ID 126 may be printed with two or more of ink visible under visible light (visible ink), infrared absorbing ink, or UV luminescent ink. In this case, the ID reader 53 is equipped with multiple types of cameras (multiple types among a visible light camera, an infrared camera, and an ultraviolet camera (such as a UV irradiator and a visible light camera)) corresponding to the ink printed on the side ID 126. Alternatively, the ID reader 53 may be equipped with a camera that can switch between multiple imaging functions, such as a visible light camera, an infrared camera, and an ultraviolet camera (such as a UV irradiator and a visible light camera), corresponding to each ink.

[0194] Alternatively, the gaming tokens 120 on the gaming table 4 may be photographed by a plurality of camera devices 2b-1, 2b-2 each of which is arranged at a predetermined position and has a different height.

[0195] In the above embodiment, the image analysis device 12 and the control device 14 are devices utilizing artificial intelligence or having a deep learning structure. However, the image analysis device 12 and the control device 14 may specifically perform image analysis and the above-mentioned various controls using a scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm, a convolutional neural network (CNN), deep learning, machine learning, or the like. These technologies perform image recognition on captured images to recognize objects contained in the images. In particular, in recent years, deep learning technology, which uses multi-layered neural networks, has been used to recognize objects with high accuracy. This deep learning technology generally recognizes objects with high accuracy by stacking layers in multiple stages in an intermediate layer between the input layer and output layer of a neural network. In this deep learning technology, convolutional neural networks in particular have attracted attention because they have higher performance than conventional methods for recognizing objects based on image features.

[0196] A convolutional neural network learns labeled target images and recognizes the main object contained in the target image. If there are multiple main objects in the training image, they are designated by a rectangular area, and the image corresponding to the designated area is labeled for training. Furthermore, the convolutional neural network can determine the main object and its location in the image.

[0197] To further explain convolutional neural networks, the target recognition process involves extracting candidate regions based on local features by performing edge extraction or other processing on the image to be recognized, inputting the candidate regions into the convolutional neural network to extract feature vectors and then classifying them, and obtaining the classified candidate region with the highest confidence as the recognition result. Confidence is a quantity that indicates how high the similarity of the subject of an image learned together with a certain image region and label is relative to the similarity of other classes.

[0198] In addition, devices utilizing artificial intelligence or having a deep learning structure are described in U.S. Patent No. 9,361,577, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2016-171336, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2015-036920, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-110232, etc., and these descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.

[0199] (Fourth embodiment) When the game ends, the dealer collects the gaming tokens bet by the players and pays out the gaming tokens to the players in accordance with the game results and the bet contents (bet objects and bet amounts) of each player. It is desirable that whether or not this collection and payout (hereinafter, collection and payout are also collectively referred to as "settlement") has been carried out correctly is checked at the time of settlement, so that the player and the dealer can clearly confirm this.

[0200] Therefore, in this embodiment, a system is provided for displaying the accuracy of settlement when settling gaming tokens after the end of a game.

[0201] The gaming token management system of one aspect of this embodiment includes gaming tokens with individually identifiable unique IDs, a gaming table for playing games using the gaming tokens, a win / loss determination device for determining and displaying the results of the games at the gaming table, a chip tray for holding gaming tokens used by a dealer at the gaming table, a dealer chip determination device for identifying the type and number of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray using the unique ID, a measurement device for measuring the position, type and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table using a camera, and a casino-side income / expense calculation function for determining the position, type and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table and using the win / loss result obtained from the win / loss determination device. and a management control device, which is configured to have the function of determining and calculating the amount of gaming tokens on the gaming table that the casino should collect in the game based on information obtained from the measurement device, the dealer chip determination device, and the win / loss determination device, comparing the amount to be collected with the increased amount of gaming tokens collected by the dealer and placed on the gaming token tray, obtained from the dealer chip determination device, and further comparing the payout amount of gaming tokens that the casino should pay out with the decreased amount of gaming tokens placed on the gaming token tray after the dealer has removed them from the gaming token tray and paid them out, and displaying whether they match or mismatch on a display device according to the comparison result of the collected amount for the amount to be collected and the comparison result of the payout amount of gaming tokens to be paid out.

[0202] The management control device may have the function of determining and calculating the amount of gaming tokens to be collected and the amount to be paid out on the gaming table for each player position on the gaming table, comparing the amount collected or paid out for each player position on the gaming table with the increase or decrease in the gaming tokens placed on the gaming token tray, and displaying whether the comparison results are consistent or inconsistent for each player position on the gaming table on the display device.

[0203] The display device may have a display function for each of the banker's and player's betting objects.

[0204] The display device may have a display function for each bet object, ie, tie or pair.

[0205] The gaming token tray may be provided with a collection section for temporarily storing gaming tokens collected by the dealer, and the management control device may have the function of comparing the amount to be collected with the increase in the amount due to the collection of gaming tokens placed in the collection section after collection by the dealer, and displaying a match or mismatch on the display device according to the comparison result.

[0206] The measuring device may further have a function of measuring the type and number of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray using a camera, and the management control device may have a function of comparing the number of gaming tokens whose IDs have been identified by the dealer chip determination device with the number of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray measured by the measuring device, and displaying a match or mismatch on the display device according to the comparison result.

[0207] A gaming token management system according to another aspect of this embodiment includes gaming tokens each having a unique ID that can be individually identified, a gaming table for playing games using the gaming tokens, a win / loss determination device that determines and displays the outcome of the game at the gaming table, a gaming token tray that holds gaming tokens used by a dealer at the gaming table, a dealer chip determination device that uses the unique ID to identify the type and number of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray, a measurement device that uses a camera to measure the position, type, and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table, and a game table that grasps the position, type, and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table and and a management control device having a function of calculating the casino's income and expenditure at the gaming table using the win / loss results obtained from the win / loss determination device, and the management control device is configured to have the function of determining the amount that the casino should collect and the amount that should be paid out for the game based on the information obtained from the win / loss determination device, the dealer chip determination device, and the measurement device, comparing the amount that the casino should collect or pay out with the increase or decrease in the gaming tokens placed on the gaming token tray obtained from the dealer chip determination device after the dealer has settled the game, and displaying on a display device whether the comparison results match or do not match when the gaming tokens are collected or paid out.

[0208] The management control device may have a function of grasping the amount of gaming tokens to be collected and paid out on the gaming table for each player position on the gaming table, and after the dealer settles the game for each player position on the gaming table, displaying on a display device whether the comparison results are a match or a mismatch for each player position on the gaming table.

[0209] The display device may have a display function for each of the banker's and player's betting objects.

[0210] The display device may have a display function for each bet object, ie, tie or pair.

[0211] The management control device may have the function of determining and calculating the amount of gaming tokens on the gaming table that the casino should collect and the amount that should be paid out for each player position on the gaming table, and displaying on a display device the positions at which the tokens should be collected or paid out for each player position on the gaming table.

[0212] The gaming token tray may be provided with a collection section for temporarily storing gaming tokens collected by the dealer, and the management control device may have the function of comparing the amount to be collected with the increase in the amount due to the collection of gaming tokens placed on the gaming token tray after collection by the dealer, and displaying a match or mismatch on the display device according to the comparison result.

[0213] The measuring device may further have a function of measuring the type and number of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray using a camera, and the management control device may have a function of comparing the number of gaming tokens whose IDs have been identified by the dealer chip determination device with the number of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray measured by the measuring device, and displaying a match or mismatch on the display device according to the comparison result.

[0214] The management control device may have a function to measure the gaming tokens that the dealer should collect from the gaming table based on the measurement results obtained from the measurement device, and to verify that the gaming tokens are not present on the gaming table as a result of the dealer collecting them from the gaming table.

[0215] The management device may have a function to measure the gaming tokens that the dealer should collect from the gaming table based on the measurement results obtained from the measurement device, and to verify that the dealer has collected the gaming tokens from the gaming table in accordance with predetermined rules and that they are not present on the gaming table.

[0216] The management control device may further have a function of comparing and verifying the increase in the amount of the gaming tokens placed on the gaming token tray after they have been collected by the dealer, obtained from the dealer chip determination device, with the verification result that the gaming tokens are not present on the gaming table as a result of the dealer collecting them from the gaming table.

[0217] The management control device may have a function of identifying a player at the gaming table and linking the player with the player position at the gaming table at the time of participation in the game.

[0218] A further aspect of the gaming token management system of the present invention is configured to include a gaming token tray for storing the dealer's gaming tokens, and a lamp for indicating whether the increase or decrease in the gaming tokens in the gaming token tray after the end of a game is accurate and / or inaccurate.

[0219] The above management system may further include a bet determination device that determines the object and amount bet by the player, a game result determination device that determines the result of the game, and a dealer chip determination device that determines the amount of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray, and the lamp may be turned on or off based on the determination results of the bet determination device, the game result determination device, and the dealer chip determination device.

[0220] Fig. 25 is a plan view of the gaming table of this embodiment. Fig. 26 is a plan view of the gaming token tray of this embodiment. Fig. 27 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the gaming token management system including the gaming token tray. In Figs. 25 to 29, components similar to those in the first to third embodiments are given the same numbers and detailed descriptions will be omitted.

[0221] The gaming table 4 is a baccarat table and has betting areas 44 for each of the seven players. Each player's betting area 44 includes an area for a player (PLAYER) 441, a banker (BANKER) 442, a tie (TIE) 443, a player pair (P) 444, and a banker pair (B) 445. Each player places a bet by placing gaming tokens of the amount they wish to bet on a position corresponding to the bet target. The gaming table 4 also has a player card area 45 where drawn player cards are placed, and a banker card area 46 where drawn banker cards are placed.

[0222] A gaming token tray 17 for the dealer to store the gaming tokens is provided in front of the dealer position of the gaming table 4. At least a part of the gaming token tray 17 is embedded in the gaming table 4.

[0223] The gaming token 120 used in this embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first to third embodiments. That is, the gaming token 120 has markings, patterns, or colors that allow its type (value) to be identified from each of its surface and side. In addition, the gaming token 120 has an RFID built in that stores information that allows at least its type to be identified.

[0224] The camera device 2 is provided above the gaming table 4 and photographs the betting area 44. The gaming table 4 of this embodiment has seven player positions ("1," "2," "3," "5," "6," "7," and "8" in FIG. 25), allowing seven players to participate in a game. The camera device 2 photographs the betting areas 44 of all player positions. Note that it is not necessary for one camera device 2 to photograph the betting areas 44 of all player positions, and multiple camera devices 2 may share the responsibility of photographing all betting areas 44.

[0225] The management control device 50 has all the functions described in the first to third embodiments. The management control device 50 identifies the position (bet target), type, and number of gaming tokens placed in the betting area based on images captured by the camera device 2. The device consisting of this camera device 2 and management control device 50 functions as a measurement device or bet determination device that measures the position, type, and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table 4, and its configuration and functions are similar to those of the system consisting of the camera device 2 and image analysis device 12 of the first embodiment.

[0226] The card dealing device 3 also has the same configuration and functions as those in the first embodiment. That is, the card dealing device 3 determines the win / loss results of the games at the gaming tables 4 and displays them on result display lamps. The card dealing device 3 also sends the determined win / loss results of the games to the management control device 50. The management control device 50 has the function of grasping the position, type, and number of gaming tokens on the gaming tables 4, and calculating the income and expenditures of the casino at the gaming tables 4 using the win / loss results obtained from the card dealing device 3 as a win / loss determination device.

[0227] Based on the bet details determined based on the image from the camera device 2 and the win / loss result information obtained from the card distribution device 3, the management control device 50 calculates the amount of gaming tokens on the gaming table 4 that the casino should collect in the game and the amount of gaming tokens that the casino should pay out, and compares these with the amount of gaming tokens that actually increased in the gaming token tray 17 due to collection and the amount of gaming tokens that actually decreased in the gaming token tray 17 due to payout.

[0228] Furthermore, the management control device 50 reads the RFIDs of the gaming tokens 120 stored in the gaming token tray 17 at predetermined time intervals and stores the read information when a change occurs. Based on this stored information, the management control device 50 compares the type and number of gaming tokens at a past point in time with the type and number of gaming tokens at the present time, and calculates the increase or decrease in the amount of gaming tokens 120 in the gaming token tray 17.

[0229] As shown in Fig. 26, the gaming token tray 17 includes a storage section 170 and indicator lamps 173 to 176. The storage section 170 is made up of a plurality of columns, and each column is configured to be able to store gaming tokens stacked in the thickness direction. As shown in Fig. 27, an antenna 177 is disposed below the storage section 170.

[0230] The indicator lamp 173 indicates whether the balance between the collected amount and the paid out amount is correct. The indicator lamp 174 indicates whether the total collected amount and the total paid out amount are correct. The indicator lamp 175 indicates whether the collected amount or paid out amount for the gaming tokens bet on the pair is correct.

[0231] The indicator lamps 176 have a total of seven indicator lamps corresponding to the seven player positions. In the collection stage, the indicator lamp 177 corresponding to the player who should collect the gaming tokens (the player who lost the game) lights up, and in the payout stage, the indicator lamp corresponding to the player who should pay out the gaming tokens (the player who won the game) lights up. Note that in Figure 27, only the indicator lamp 173 is shown as a representative of the indicator lamps 173 to 176, and the other indicator lamps 174 to 176 are not shown.

[0232] The management control device 50 controls the turning on and off of the indicator lamps 173 to 176 to display the result of the comparison (match or mismatch). The gaming token management system of this embodiment uses the indicator lamps 173 to 176 to determine in real time whether the settlement of gaming tokens has been carried out correctly. The gaming token management system of this embodiment also determines in real time whether the collected gaming tokens include any fraudulent gaming tokens.

[0233] The management control device 50 first identifies players participating in a game at the gaming table 4, and associates the participating players with player position numbers ("1," "2," "3," "5," "6," "7," and "8") on the gaming table 4. Specifically, the management control device 50 can identify players at each player position using a face authentication system or a member's card.

[0234] When the game ends, the management control device 50 determines the gaming tokens (winning chips of the casino) that the dealer should collect for each player based on the game results, and turns on the display lamps 176 corresponding to the player positions that should be collected. This allows the dealer to know from which player positions the gaming tokens should be collected.

[0235] When the game ends, the dealer first collects all gaming tokens that should be collected from the betting areas of the losing players (collection stage), and then pays out to the winning players (payout stage). In the collection stage, the dealer stores the gaming tokens collected from the betting areas of the gaming table 4 in the storage section 170 of the gaming token tray 17 in accordance with the display lamps 176. Specifically, the dealer stores the collected gaming tokens in one of the two right-hand columns, which are the collection sections, in the order of the player position numbers.

[0236] Each time the dealer collects gaming tokens from the betting area 41 and stores them in the collection section of the storage section 170, the management control device 50 determines that gaming tokens have been collected from the betting area 44 and their amount based on images from the camera device 2, and determines the amount of gaming tokens stored in the collection section (increase) based on radio waves received by the antenna 177. Note that in this embodiment, the right two of the fourteen columns of the storage section 170 are used as collection sections, but the collection section that stores the collected gaming tokens may be, for example, a horizontally oriented collected gaming token tray 171 shown in FIG. 13A or a collected gaming token tray 171 provided away from the other columns as shown in FIG. 13B.

[0237] Here, the management control device 50 uses the RFID to determine the difference between the total amount of gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 before and after collection for each player, thereby determining the increase in amount. In this way, the management control device 50, which reads out information on the type (value) of the gaming token from the RFID of the gaming token held in the storage unit 170 and determines the amount of the gaming token held in the storage unit 170, corresponds to the dealer chip determination device of the present invention.

[0238] The management control device 50 further determines whether the actual recovery amount (image recovery amount) determined based on the image from the camera device 2, the increased amount of gaming tokens in the recovery unit determined based on the radio waves received by the antenna 177 (RFID recovery amount), and the recovery amount calculated based on the game result and the bet content of the losing player (calculated recovery amount) match.

[0239] If the image collection amount, RFID collection amount, and calculated collection amount all match, the management control device 50 turns off the corresponding display lamp 176. By confirming that the display lamp 176 is turned off, the dealer can confirm that the collection of the gaming tokens from the player has been correctly completed.

[0240] On the other hand, if the image recovery amount, RFID recovery amount, and calculated recovery amount do not match, the display lamp 176 remains lit, so the dealer can know that the recovery of the relevant player has not been completed correctly or that the recovered gaming tokens include fraudulent gaming tokens.

[0241] When the collection of gaming tokens for all losing players has been completed as described above, all of the display lamps 176 will go out. At this point, the management control device 50 again determines the total amount of increase to the collection unit using RFID, compares this total amount of increase with the total amount of collection calculated based on the game results and the bet contents of all losing players, and lights up the display lamps 174 if they match.

[0242] Here, the management control device 50 calculates the total RFID collection amount by calculating the difference between the total amount of gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 calculated by RFID after the game has ended and before the start of the collection stage, and the total amount of gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 calculated by RFID after collection has been completed. The dealer can confirm that collection of gaming tokens has been accurately completed by checking that the display lamp 174 has turned on.

[0243] In the above, the management control device 50 judges whether the image recovery amount determined based on the image from the camera device 2, the RFID recovery amount determined based on the radio waves received by the antenna 177, and the calculated recovery amount calculated based on the game result and the bet details of the losing player all match, but instead, the management control device 50 may only judge whether the image recovery amount and the calculated recovery amount match, or may only judge whether the RFID recovery amount and the calculated recovery amount match.

[0244] Furthermore, in the above, when the management control device 50 determines that collection has been completed for all losing players, it again determines the total increase amount using the RFID, and if it matches the calculated total amount to be collected, it turns on the display lamp 174. Alternatively, the following may be done. That is, as described above, the management control device 50 stores the RFID information read every time there is a change in the gaming token 120 in the gaming token tray 17, but at the same time, every time there is a change in the gaming token 120 in the gaming token tray 17, it may determine the total increase amount to determine whether it matches the calculated total amount to be collected, and turn on the display lamp 174 when it determines that it matches.

[0245] Next, the dealer makes a payout to the winning player (payout stage). When the management control device 50 has completed collection of gaming tokens from all losing players, it lights up the display lamp 176 corresponding to the player to whom gaming tokens should be paid out. The dealer can confirm the player to whom a payout should be made by checking the display lamp 176. In the payout stage, the dealer makes a payout by taking out gaming tokens equivalent to the payout amount from the storage unit 170 and placing the taken gaming tokens in the betting area of ​​the corresponding player.

[0246] Each time the dealer takes out gaming tokens from the storage unit 170 and places them on the gaming table 4, the management control device 50 determines that gaming tokens have been paid out to the betting area and their amounts based on images from the camera device 2, and determines the amount (decreased amount) of gaming tokens taken out from the storage unit 170 based on radio waves received by the antenna 177. Here, the management control device 50 uses RFID to find the difference between the total amount of gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 before and after payout, thereby finding the decreased amount, for each player.

[0247] The management device control device 50 further determines whether the actual payout amount (image payout amount) determined based on the image from the camera device 2, the amount of gaming tokens reduced in the storage unit 170 (RFID payout amount) determined based on the radio waves received by the antenna 177, and the payout amount of the winning player calculated based on the game result and bet contents (calculated payout amount) match.

[0248] If the image payout amount, RFID payout amount, and calculated payout amount all match, the management control device 50 turns off the corresponding display lamp 176. By confirming that the display lamp 176 is turned off, the dealer can confirm that the payout of gaming tokens to the player has been completed correctly.

[0249] On the other hand, if the image payout amount, RFID payout amount, and calculated payout amount do not match, the display lamp 176 remains lit, so the dealer can know that the payout to the relevant player has not been completed.

[0250] When the payout of gaming tokens has been completed for all winning players, all of the display lamps 176 will go out. At this point, the management control device 50 again determines the total amount of the decrease in the storage unit 170 using the RFID, compares this total amount of the decrease with the total amount to be paid out calculated based on the game result and bet contents, and lights up the display lamps 174 if they match.

[0251] Here, the management control device 50 calculates the RFID payout total amount by calculating the difference between the total amount of gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 calculated by RFID after collection is complete and before the start of the payout stage, and the total amount of gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 calculated by RFID after payout is complete. The dealer can confirm that the payout of gaming tokens has been accurately completed by checking that the display lamp 174 is lit.

[0252] In the above, the management control device 50 judges whether the image payout amount determined based on the image from the camera device 2, the RFID payout amount determined based on the radio waves received by the antenna 177, and the calculated payout amount calculated based on the game result and the bet details of the winning player all match, but instead, the management control device 50 may only judge whether the image payout amount and the calculated payout amount match, or may only judge whether the RFID payout amount and the calculated payout amount match.

[0253] Furthermore, in the above, when the management control device 50 determines that payouts have been completed for all winning players, it again determines the total reduced amount using the RFID, and if it matches the calculated total payout amount, it turns on the display lamp 174. Alternatively, the following may be done. That is, as described above, the management control device 50 stores the RFID information read each time there is a change in the gaming token 120 in the gaming token tray 17, but at the same time, each time there is a change in the gaming token 120 in the gaming token tray 17, it may determine the total reduced amount to determine whether it matches the calculated total payout amount, and turn on the display lamp 174 when it determines that it matches.

[0254] When the settlement (collection and payout) of the gaming tokens is completed as described above, the management control device 50 judges whether the total increase / decrease in the gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 due to the settlement is correct. Specifically, the management control device 50 calculates the total increase / decrease in the gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 due to the settlement (total RFD increase / decrease) by calculating the difference between the total amount of gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 calculated by RFID after the end of the game and before the start of the settlement, and the total amount of gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 calculated by RFID after the settlement is completed.

[0255] Meanwhile, the management control device 50 calculates the total increase or decrease for the dealer due to the settlement of the game based on the game results and bet contents (calculated total increase or decrease). The calculated increase or decrease can be found by subtracting the calculated total payout amount from the calculated collected amount. The management control device 50 compares the RFID total increase or decrease with the calculated total increase or decrease, and if they match, turns on the display lamp 171. When the display lamp 171 turns on, the dealer can confirm that the settlement of gaming tokens for the game has been completed accurately, and can start the next game.

[0256] Next, the display lamp 175 will be described. The display lamp 175 functions as a pair lamp. In a baccarat game, a player can bet on a "pair" in addition to "player," "banker," and "tie." A "pair" is a bet that the ranks of the two cards initially dealt will match. Specifically, there are two types of "pairs," a "player pair" in which a player bets that the ranks of two player cards will match, and a "bank pair" in which a player bets that the ranks of two banker cards will match.

[0257] If any player bets on a pair and the two cards match in rank (a pair is made), the player who bet on the pair will be paid out a predetermined multiple of the bet amount (for example, 11 times), regardless of the game result ("player," "banker," or "tie"). If no pair is made, all gaming tokens bet on the pair will be withdrawn. If no pair is made after the first four cards (two player cards, two banker cards) have been drawn, the gaming tokens bet on the pair at that time will be withdrawn.

[0258] If a bet is made on a pair, the management control device 50 calculates the calculated total amount to be collected (if no pair is made) or the calculated total amount to be paid out (if a pair is made) at the time four cards are drawn, and compares this with the total increase or decrease in the gaming tokens in the storage unit 170 obtained using RFID before and after the settlement of the pair. The management control device 50 can recognize whether a bet is made on a pair and the amount based on the image from the camera device 2.

[0259] The management control device 50 turns on the display lamp 175 when the calculated total amount collected or the calculated total amount paid out matches the total increase or decrease in the gaming tokens in the storage unit 170. By checking that the display lamp 175 is turned on, the dealer can confirm that the settlement of the pair has been completed correctly.

[0260] Alternatively, the management control device 50 may light up the indicator lamp 175 when a bet is placed on a pair. The indicator lamp 175 may be turned on when betting is closed or when four cards are drawn. In this case, the dealer can recognize that settlement of the pair is necessary by confirming that the indicator lamp 175 is turned on.

[0261] In this case, the management control device 50 turns off the indicator lamp 175 when the calculated total amount collected or the calculated total amount paid out matches the total increase or decrease in the gaming tokens in the storage unit 170. By confirming that the indicator lamp 175 has been turned off, the dealer can confirm that the settlement of the pair has been completed correctly.

[0262] In baccarat, depending on the rank of the cards dealt, the game may end with a four-card draw (two player cards and two banker cards), or with a fifth or subsequent sixth card being drawn. If the game ends with a four-card draw, once the settlement of pairs is complete, the normal settlement described above will be carried out. If five or more cards are drawn, the pair settlement is carried out after the fourth card is drawn, and once the pair settlement is complete, the fifth card (or subsequent sixth card) is drawn, and once the game is complete, the normal settlement described above will be carried out.

[0263] In the above embodiment, in the collection stage, the indicator lamp 176 of the losing player who should collect the gaming tokens is turned on, and the indicator lamp 176 is turned off in order starting with the player who has completed collection, and in the payout stage, the indicator lamp 176 of the winning player who should pay out the gaming tokens is turned on, and the indicator lamp 176 is turned off in order starting with the player who has completed payout, but instead, at the end of the game, all the indicator lamps 176 may be turned on in different colors depending on whether they are winning or losing players.

[0264] For example, the indicator lamps 176 corresponding to the losing players may be lit in red, and the indicator lamps 176 corresponding to the winning players may be lit in green. In this case, by confirming that all the red indicator lamps 176 have gone out, it can be confirmed that the collection from all losing players has been completed correctly, and by confirming that all the green indicator lamps 176 have gone out, it can be confirmed that the payout to all winning players has been completed correctly.

[0265] Figure 28 is a plan view of a gaming token tray of a modified example. In the gaming token tray 17 of Figure 28, the same components as those in the gaming token tray 17 of Figure 26 are designated by the same numbers, and their description will be omitted as appropriate. In the gaming token tray 17 of this modified example, indicator lamps 1761 to 1765 for each bet object (specifically, an indicator lamp 1761 indicating "player," an indicator lamp 1762 indicating "banker," an indicator lamp 1763 indicating "tie," an indicator lamp 1764 indicating "player pair," and an indicator lamp 1745 indicating "banker pair"), as well as an indicator lamp 178 indicating that settlement has been correctly completed, are provided for each player position.

[0266] The indicator lamps 1761 to 1765 light up corresponding to the bets made by the players (the positions where the gaming tokens are placed) and turn off when the settlement is complete. The indicator lamp 178 lights up when the settlement is correctly completed for each player.

[0267] The gaming token 17 of this modified example further includes display lamps 1741 to 1745 that indicate that the settlement for each bet object ("player," "banker," "tie," "player pair," and "banker pair") has been accurately completed. Depending on the outcome of the game, one of the "player," "banker," and "tie" will be paid out, and the remaining will be collected. Furthermore, if a player pair is formed, the "player pair" will be paid out, and if a player pair is not formed, the "player pair" will be collected. Similarly, if a banker pair is formed, the "banker pair" will be paid out, and if a banker pair is not formed, the "banker pair" will be collected. The display lamps 1741 to 1745 light up when the settlement (collection or payout) for each "player," "banker," "tie," "player pair," and "banker pair" has been accurately completed.

[0268] Figure 29 is a plan view of another modified gaming token tray 17. As in the example of Figure 29, the gaming token tray 17 may be provided with only an indicator lamp 173 that indicates whether the balance between the collected amount and the paid out amount is correct.

[0269] Fig. 30 is a plan view of yet another modified gaming token 17. As shown in Fig. 30, the gaming token tray 17 may be provided with only an indicator lamp 173 that indicates whether the balance between the collected amount and the paid-out amount is correct, and indicator lamps 174 that respectively indicate whether the total amount of collected amounts is correct and whether the total amount of paid-out amounts is correct.

[0270] In the above embodiment and its modifications, the management control device 50 determines the amount of the gaming tokens stored in the gaming token tray 17 by wirelessly reading the RFIDs built into the gaming tokens and the antenna 177 built into the bottom of the gaming token tray 17, but instead, a camera device may be provided that photographs the gaming tokens stored in the gaming token tray 17, and image recognition may be performed on the image from this camera device to determine the amount of the gaming tokens stored in the gaming token tray 17. In this case, the gaming tokens do not need to have RFIDs built in.

[0271] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, an example was described in which multiple indicator lamps, including indicator lamp 173, are configured as physically tangible lamps, but these lamps may also be configured as images on a display device such as a liquid crystal panel.

[0272] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, information on the type and number of gaming tokens 120 stored in the gaming token tray 17 is determined by reading the RFID embedded in the gaming token 120. Alternatively, or in addition to this, a camera device may be provided that photographs the gaming tokens 120 stored in the gaming token tray 17, and information on the type and number of gaming tokens 120 stored in the gaming token tray 17 may be determined by image recognition in the management control device 50. In this case, the camera device 2 may be used as the camera device that photographs the gaming token tray 17, or a dedicated camera device may be provided.

[0273] Furthermore, if image recognition is performed on images from the camera device in addition to reading the RFIDs, the gaming tokens 120 may be verified by comparing the number of gaming tokens 120 obtained by reading the RFIDs with the number of gaming tokens determined by image recognition. If the gaming token tray 17 contains gaming tokens with damaged RFIDs or no RFIDs (illegal gaming tokens), the number determined by image recognition will be greater than the number determined by reading the RFIDs. Therefore, if such a discrepancy occurs, the management control device 50 will turn on an indicator lamp, and the dealer will be able to see from the indicator lamp that the gaming token tray 17 contains illegal gaming tokens.

[0274] In particular, by reading the RFID and recognizing the image at predetermined time intervals and making the above comparison every time the information is updated, if a discrepancy in the number of coins occurs, it can be determined that the discrepancy is due to the gaming token 120 that was most recently added to the gaming token tray 17, and it can also be made possible to identify the player who had the fraudulent gaming token.

[0275] Furthermore, the management control device 50 may verify that the corresponding gaming tokens are no longer present on the gaming table as a result of the dealer collecting the gaming tokens from the gaming table. In this case, the management control device 50 specifically determines how many of what type of gaming tokens have been bet on which bet objects based on the image from the camera device 2, and further determines the amount to be collected in accordance with the game rules based on the game results at the card dealing device 3 (calculated collection amount), and verifies that the gaming tokens 120 equivalent to the calculated collection amount are no longer present on the gaming table 4 based on the image from the camera device 2.

[0276] Furthermore, the management control device 50 may verify whether the collection has been carried out correctly by comparing the amount of gaming tokens that have disappeared from the gaming table 4 (image collection amount) with the amount of gaming tokens that have been added to the gaming token tray 17 based on the image from the camera device 2. In this case, if the comparison shows that the two do not match, the management control device 50 turns on an indicator lamp.

[0277] Furthermore, the management control device 50 may verify that the corresponding gaming tokens are present on the gaming table as a result of the dealer paying out gaming tokens to the gaming table. In this case, the management control device 50 specifically determines how many of what type of gaming tokens have been bet on which bet objects based on the image from the camera device 2, and further determines the amount to be paid out in accordance with the game rules based on the game result at the card dealing device 3, and verifies that gaming tokens 120 equivalent to the calculated payout amount have been added to the gaming table 4 based on the image from the camera device 2.

[0278] Furthermore, the management control device 50 may verify whether the payout has been accurate by comparing the amount of gaming tokens added to the gaming table 4 (image payout amount) based on the image from the camera device 2 with the amount of gaming tokens taken out from the gaming token tray 17. In this case, if the comparison shows that the two do not match, the management control device 50 turns on an indicator lamp.

[0279] As described above, the dealer basically collects the gaming tokens 120 bet by losing players in the order of their player position numbers. The management control device 50 determines whether the dealer collected chips in order according to this rule (in the order of their player position numbers) and also determines whether the amounts of chips collected in order are correct. In this case, the management control device 50 determines how many chips have been collected (up to which player position the gaming tokens have been collected) in addition to each individual player position and the total, and accordingly determines at each stage whether the gaming tokens 120 collected from the gaming table 4 have been properly added to the gaming token tray 17. For example, when collecting gaming tokens 120 for three positions, the management control device 50 determines whether the gaming tokens 120 for the three positions have been properly stored in the gaming token tray 17.

[0280] As described above, according to this embodiment and its variants, an indicator lamp 173 or the like is provided to indicate whether the increase or decrease in gaming tokens in the gaming token tray 17 after the end of a game is accurate and / or inaccurate, so that when settling, it is possible to check in real time whether the settlement has been carried out accurately.

[0281] Various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but it goes without saying that the above-mentioned embodiments can be modified by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention, and the device of this embodiment may be appropriately modified according to the needs of the game to which it is applied.

[0282] Fifth Embodiment This embodiment relates to a management system that manages games played using gaming tokens in an amusement arcade.

[0283] This embodiment corresponds to an application of the fourth embodiment, and can employ the configuration of the management system described in the fourth embodiment. Furthermore, as described above, the first to third embodiments can be applied to the management system of the fourth embodiment, and therefore the first to third embodiments can also be applied to this embodiment.

[0284] In the fourth embodiment, if the increase or decrease in the gaming tokens in the gaming token tray 17 after the game ends does not match the ideal increase or decrease obtained by calculation, the dealer is notified of this by lighting up an indicator lamp provided on the gaming token tray 17. When the dealer recognizes the discrepancy through the indicator lamp, he or she can stop the game and investigate the cause of the fraud, thereby correcting the fraud or taking measures to prevent the fraud from continuing.

[0285] However, if the discrepancy is small, interrupting the game every time such a small discrepancy occurs would result in the casino losing more revenue due to the interruption of the game than the amount of loss to the casino from fraud that could be prevented by the interruption.

[0286] Therefore, in this embodiment, if the actual increase, decrease, or increase / decrease in gaming tokens at the time of settlement after the game (actual settlement amount) does not match the calculated increase, decrease, or increase / decrease (calculated settlement amount), it is possible to determine whether the resulting loss is large, and if the loss is large, take measures such as interrupting the game and investigating the cause.

[0287] The management system of this embodiment employs the first to third configurations for the management system including the gaming table and the gaming tokens, and employs the configuration of the fourth embodiment for the gaming token tray.

[0288] While a detailed description of each component will be avoided, the components required for the management system of this embodiment can be summarized as follows: The management system is configured as the fraud detection system of the first embodiment, and includes gaming tokens, a gaming table 4, a card distribution device 3 as a win / loss determination device or game determination means, a measurement device 19, a gaming token tray 17, and a management control device 50. The management control device 50 also functions as a dealer chip determination device.

[0289] The gaming tokens may be those described in the second or third embodiment, and can be individually identified by the color and markings on the front and side surfaces, and the built-in RFID. A game using the gaming tokens is played on the gaming table 4. Betting targets are divided into sections based on their positions on the gaming table 4, and players place bets by placing gaming tokens in the corresponding sections. The card dealing device 3 determines the rank and suit of cards dealt to the gaming table 4 by reading the contents of the cards dispensed, and determines the outcome of the game by applying the information on the dealt cards to the game rules. The winning / losing determination device or game determination means may include a camera device 2 that photographs cards on the gaming table 4 and an image analysis device 12 that analyzes the images from the camera device 2 to determine the outcome of the game.

[0290] The gaming token tray 17 is a tray that holds gaming tokens used by the dealer at the gaming table 4, and is installed near the dealer position on the gaming table 4. In this embodiment, a tray equipped with various indicator lamps is used as the gaming token tray 17. The measuring device 19 is configured to include a camera device 2 that photographs the gaming tokens on the gaming table 4, and an image analyzer 12 that identifies the position, type, and number of gaming tokens on the gaming table 4 by analyzing the image of the camera device 2. This measuring device 19 can determine how much gaming currency has been bet on which betting object on the gaming table 4, and the measuring device 19 serves as bet determination means.

[0291] The dealer chip determination device is configured to include a camera device 2 that photographs the gaming tokens stored in the gaming token tray 17, and an image analyzer 12 that identifies the type and number of gaming tokens stored in the gaming token tray 17 by analyzing the image from the camera device 2. In the management system, the actual settlement amount of the gaming tokens exchanged between the dealer and the player is determined using a measurement device 19 and dealer chip determination means, and settlement determination means is configured. The management control device 50 performs the following controls based on information obtained from the measurement device, dealer chip determination device, and win / loss determination device, or based on information obtained from the game determination means, bet determination means, and settlement determination means.

[0292] In this embodiment, similar to the fourth embodiment, when a game ends, the management control device 50 determines whether the actual settlement amount of the gaming tokens matches the calculated settlement amount, and controls the indicator lamps 173 to 176 etc. according to the result of the determination. However, if it determines that the two do not match, if the following condition is not met, a signal to continue the game without stopping is sent to the indicator lamps 173 to 176 etc., thereby performing the first control, and if the following condition is met, a signal to stop the game is sent to the indicator lamps 173 to 176 etc., thereby performing the second control.

[0293] The conditions are as follows: (1) The difference (degree of discrepancy) between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount in one game is greater than a first threshold (e.g., $500). (2) The cumulative total of the differences (degree of discrepancy) between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount in a predetermined number of games most recently played (e.g., five games) is greater than a second threshold (e.g., $500). (3) The difference (degree of discrepancy) between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount is greater than or equal to a third threshold (e.g., $50) in a predetermined number of games most recently played (e.g., three games). When there is a difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount, if any of the above conditions (1) to (3) is satisfied, the management control device 50 performs the second control on the indicator lamps 173 to 176, etc., and otherwise performs the first control.

[0294] The actual settlement amount can be determined as the amount collected from the gaming table (image collection amount) and the amount paid out to the gaming table (image payout amount) based on the image from the camera device 2 (the image collection amount and image payout amount are collectively referred to as the "image settlement amount"), or the amount collected in the collection section of the gaming token tray 17 (RFID collection amount) and the amount paid out from the storage section 170 of the gaming token tray 17 (RFID payout amount) can be determined based on the radio waves received by the antenna 177 (the RFID collection amount and RFID payout amount are collectively referred to as the "RFID settlement amount").

[0295] That is, in order to compare the actual settlement amount with the calculated settlement amount, the management control device 50 may compare the image settlement amount with the calculated settlement amount, may compare the RFID settlement amount with the calculated settlement amount, or may compare the image settlement amount and the RFID settlement amount with the calculated settlement amount, respectively.

[0296] When the gaming token tray 17 shown in FIG. 26 is used as the gaming token tray, the management control device 50 controls the indicator lamp as follows. Note that the indicator lamp is a form of a lighting device, and the lighting device is a form of a display device. The management control device 50 performs a second control by lighting the indicator lamp 173 red if the difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount, which is the balance (settlement amount) of the collected amount and the paid-out amount, i.e., the final balance (which may be negative) obtained by adding up all collections and all payouts, satisfies any of conditions (1) to (3). If there is a difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount but none of conditions (1) to (3) is satisfied, the management control device 50 performs a first control by lighting the indicator lamp 173 yellow. If there is no difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount, the management control device 50 performs a third control by lighting the indicator lamp 173 green.

[0297] The indicator lamp 173 is configured to include LEDs of the three primary colors and can display any color. The management control device 50 controls the light emission intensity of each of the three primary color LEDs in the indicator lamp 173 to realize the above-mentioned light emission of colors such as red, yellow, and green.

[0298] If the difference between the actual collected amount and the calculated collected amount or the difference between the actual payout amount and the calculated payout amount satisfies any of conditions (1) to (3), the management control device 50 lights up the indicator lamp 174 red as a second control, if there is a difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount or a difference between the actual payout amount and the calculated payout amount but none of conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied, the management control device 50 lights up the indicator lamp 174 yellow as a first control, and if there is neither a difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount nor a difference between the actual payout amount and the calculated payout amount, the management control device 50 lights up the indicator lamp 174 green as a third control.

[0299] The management control device 50 has a total of seven indicator lamps 176 corresponding to the seven player positions. In the collection stage, the management control device 50 lights up in white the indicator lamp 176 corresponding to the player who should collect the gaming token (the player who lost the game), and in the payout stage, the management control device 50 lights up in white the indicator lamp 177 corresponding to the player who should pay out the gaming token (the player who won the game).

[0300] In the collection stage, the management control device 50 determines for each player whether the difference between the actual collected amount and the calculated collected amount satisfies any of the conditions (1) to (3), or whether there is no difference, and if there is no difference, turns off the corresponding indicator lamp 176, and if there is a difference and any of the conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied, as a second control, changes the indicator lamp 176 from white to red, and if there is a difference and none of the conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied, changes the corresponding indicator lamp 176 to yellow. Similarly, in the payout stage, the management control device 50 determines for each player whether the difference between the actual paid out amount and the calculated paid out amount satisfies any of the conditions (1) to (3), or whether there is no difference, and if there is no difference, turns off the corresponding indicator lamp 176, and if there is a difference and any of the conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied, as a second control, changes the indicator lamp 176 from white to red, and if there is a difference and none of the conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied, changes the indicator lamp 176 to yellow.

[0301] By controlling the display lamp 176 by the management control device 50 as described above, the dealer can determine for each player whether there is a small amount of cheating, a large amount of cheating, or no cheating at all.

[0302] Similarly, the management control device 50 determines whether the difference between the recovery amount or payout amount for the gaming tokens bet on the pair and the calculated recovery amount or calculated payout amount satisfies any of conditions (1) to (3) for the indicator lamp 175, or whether there is no difference; if there is no difference, the management control device 50 lights up the indicator lamp 175 in green as a third control; if there is a difference but none of conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied, the management control device 50 lights up the indicator lamp 175 in yellow as a first control; and if there is a difference and any of conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied, the management control device 50 lights up the indicator lamp 175 in red as a second control.

[0303] 28 or 29 is used as the gaming token tray 17, various indicator lamps are lit in different colors depending on whether or not there is a difference and whether or not conditions (1) to (3) are met, in the same manner as above. In particular, when this embodiment is applied to the gaming token tray 17 of Fig. 28, an indication is made that enables identification of the player position or player (game participant) that caused the difference.

[0304] Through the above control by the management control device 50, the dealer can check the colors of the various indicator lamps. If the color corresponding to the second control is illuminated (when the difference is large), the dealer can suspend the game and investigate the cheating. If the color corresponding to the first control is illuminated (when the difference is small), the dealer can continue the game while being careful not to cheat. Alternatively, if the color corresponding to the first control is illuminated, the dealer can conduct a simple investigation or check to the extent that it does not interfere with the progress of the game and take action to resolve the difference on the spot. This embodiment is also useful when the accuracy of the recognition of gaming tokens by the image analysis device 12, the identification of dealt cards by the card distribution device 13, and the detection of gaming tokens by RFID are low. In other words, if the accuracy of these devices is low, an inaccurate result may be obtained, indicating a mismatch (there is a difference) even when the values ​​actually match (there is no difference). However, if the amount is small, the dealer can ignore such an inaccurate result and continue the game.

[0305] The management control device 50 is equipped with a memory device, which records all actual settlement amounts and calculated settlement amounts, and also stores the results of its determination as to which indicator lamp to display which color, i.e., whether there was a difference, whether a signal to stop the game was output because of the difference, or whether a signal to continue the game despite the difference was output. As described above, the dealer can detect fraud in real time by checking the various indicator lamps provided on the gaming token tray 17, and the casino operator can detect fraud after the fact by checking the data recorded in the memory device.

[0306] The management control device 50 can change the specific values ​​of the above conditions based on an input operation by a user (typically a casino operator). In other words, the parameters of the above conditions are variable.

[0307] In the above embodiment, conditions (1) to (3) were set as conditions for determining whether to perform the first control or the second control when there is a difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount. However, these conditions (1) to (3) all relate to the difference. The management control device 50 may determine whether to perform the first control or the second control using other conditions in addition to or instead of these conditions. For example, when there is a difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount and the bet amount is equal to or greater than a fourth threshold, the management control device 50 may perform the second control and output a signal to stop the game when the ratio of the discrepancy amount to the bet amount is greater than a certain ratio (predetermined threshold), and may perform the first control and output a signal to continue the game without stopping when the ratio of the discrepancy amount to the bet amount is equal to or less than the certain ratio (predetermined threshold).

[0308] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, a lighting device (indicator lamp) is used as the display device, and the management control device 50 performs control of selecting the color to be illuminated by the lighting device as the first to third controls, but the control targets of the first to third controls are not limited to this. For example, if a display panel consisting of a two-dimensional array such as a liquid crystal panel is provided as a display device in the gaming token tray 17 or another location, this display panel may display text information or image information indicating whether or not a difference exists, and if a difference exists, whether or not any of conditions (1) to (3) is met. Furthermore, the management control device 50 may display on the display panel which of conditions (1) to (3) is met.

[0309] Alternatively, the management control device 50 may control the card dealing device 3. In this case, the card dealing device 3 has a stopper that restricts the discharge of cards, and the management control device 50 may activate the stopper to prohibit the discharge of cards when the game ends, release the stopper to permit the discharge of cards as the first control and the third control, and activate the stopper to maintain the prohibition of the discharge of cards as the second control. Alternatively, the object of control by the management control device 50 may be an output device that appeals to other senses of a person (dealer), such as an audio output device or a vibration output device.

[0310] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the management control device 50 determines whether to perform the first control or the second control based on the conditions (1) to (3) related to the difference, but these conditions (1) to (3) may be applied only when the casino incurs a loss. For example, the management control device 50 may determine that the condition (1) is met only when the difference in a single game exceeds the first threshold and the casino incurs a loss due to the difference, and may determine that the condition is not met when the difference causes a loss to the player.

[0311] In addition, in the above embodiment, the management system evaluated and controlled the difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount for both collection and disbursement, or for the balance of income and expenditure due to collection and disbursement, but the management system may also evaluate and control only the difference between either collection or disbursement.

[0312] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the management control device 50 evaluates the difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount and outputs a signal indicating a small amount and a signal indicating a large amount, respectively. However, instead, if there is a difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount, the management control device 50 may output a signal indicating the amount. In this case, the display device may receive a signal indicating the discrepancy amount and display the discrepancy amount (difference amount). The dealer may determine whether to stop or continue the game based on the discrepancy amount displayed on the display device.

[0313] Furthermore, when there is a difference between the actual settlement amount and the calculated settlement amount, the management control device 50 may transmit to the back yard a signal reporting that there is a small discrepancy, a signal reporting that there is a large discrepancy, a signal reporting that there is no discrepancy, and / or a signal indicating the amount of the discrepancy. Furthermore, a display device may be installed in the back yard, and the content of the signal received from the management control device 50 may be displayed on the display device.

[0314] (Additional Note) The gaming token of one embodiment of the present invention has a laminated structure made of multiple plastic layers, with at least a colored layer and a white or light-colored layer stacked on top of each other, forming stripes in the stacking direction on the side, and the colored layer allows the type of gaming token to be identified, and printed layers indicating the type of gaming token are further applied to the top and bottom surfaces of the laminated structure, with the layers being thermocompressed together to form a layered structure.

[0315] In the above gaming token, an individually identifiable side ID may be attached to the outer surface of the white layer or the light-colored layer.

[0316] In the gaming token described above, the side IDs may be attached at least three or more places spaced apart in the rotational direction on the side surface of the gaming token.

[0317] In the above gaming token, the side ID may be printed with ink that is invisible to visible light.

[0318] In the above gaming token, the side ID may be printed with ink that absorbs infrared rays.

[0319] In the above gaming token, the side ID may be provided in multiple rows on each of the outer surfaces of the two layers, the white layer or the light-colored layer.

[0320] In the above gaming token, the outer corners of the upper and lower surfaces of the printing layer may be rounded.

[0321] In the above gaming token, at least one of the plurality of plastic layers may be a heavy layer containing metal powder for increasing the weight.

[0322] In the above gaming token, the weight-increasing metal powder is a metal oxide, and in particular may be one or more metal oxides selected from zinc oxide and titanium oxide.

[0323] In the above-mentioned gaming token, white or light-colored layers may be provided on both sides of the colored layer, and the thicknesses of the upper and lower layers of the white or light-colored layer sandwiching the colored layer may be different from each other.

[0324] In the above gaming token, an RFID may be tightly fixed between the plastic layers forming the colored layer, the white layer or the light-colored layer.

[0325] In the above gaming token, the printing layer may be provided with a face code made of UV luminescent ink or infrared absorbing ink.

[0326] The above-mentioned gaming token may have a structure in which a side ID is attached to the side and an RFID is built in, and the printing layer is provided with a face code made of UV-emitting ink or infrared-absorbing ink, and the information of the side ID attached to the side and the information of the RFID may be associated, or the information of the side ID and the information of the face code may be associated, or the information of the side ID, the information of the RFID and the information of the face code may be associated.

[0327] An inspection device according to one embodiment of the present invention is an inspection device for inspecting the gaming tokens described above, and is equipped with an RFID reading device that reads the RFID information of the gaming tokens, an ID reading device that reads the side ID on the side, and a control device, and is configured to inspect the relationship between the side ID information obtained by the ID reading device and the information obtained from the RFID reading device.

[0328] Another aspect of the inspection device of the present invention is an inspection device for inspecting the above-mentioned gaming tokens, and is equipped with a face code reading device that reads a face code made of UV-emitting ink or infrared-absorbing ink provided on the surface of the gaming token, an ID reading device that reads a side ID on the side, and a control device, wherein the control device is configured to inspect the relationship between the side ID information obtained by the ID reading device and the information obtained from the face code reading device.

[0329] Yet another aspect of the inspection device of the present invention is an inspection device for inspecting the above-mentioned gaming tokens, and is equipped with a face code reading device that reads a face code made of UV-emitting ink or infrared-absorbing ink provided on the surface of the gaming token, an ID reading device that reads the side ID on the side, an RFID reading device that reads the RFID information of the gaming token, and a control device, wherein the control device is configured to inspect the relationship between the side ID information obtained by the ID reading device, the information obtained from the face code reading device, and the information obtained from the RFID reading device.

[0330] In the above inspection device, the side ID is printed using either ink that is visible to at least visible light or ink that absorbs infrared light, or a combination thereof, and the ID reading device may be equipped with a single or multiple visible light cameras or infrared cameras that correspond to the ink on which the side ID is printed, or may be equipped with a camera that can switch between multiple functions of a visible light camera and an infrared camera that correspond to the ink.

[0331] The above-mentioned inspection device may further include a gaming token type determination device that photographs the side of the gaming token and determines the color of the stripes in the stacking direction on the side, or a print inspection device that reads the printing on the printing layer provided on the gaming token, thereby inspecting the relationship between the type of the gaming token and the printing content of the printing layer.

[0332] A method for manufacturing gaming tokens in one embodiment of the present invention includes laminating at least a colored layer and a white or light-colored layer to form a laminated structure consisting of multiple plastic layers, providing a printed layer with a pattern printed on at least the top or bottom surface of the laminated structure of multiple plastics, heat-pressing each layer of the laminated structure and the printed layer to thermally weld each layer to create a token base plate, punching out the token base plate with a mold to obtain multiple gaming tokens of a predetermined shape, and rounding the outer top and bottom corners of the gaming tokens with the mold during the punching process.

[0333] Another aspect of the method for manufacturing gaming tokens of the present invention is to provide a laminated structure made up of multiple plastic layers by laminating white or light-colored layers above and below the intermediate colored layer, at least one of the multiple plastic layers being a layer containing metal powder or metal oxide for increasing weight, providing a printed layer with a pattern printed on at least the top or bottom of the laminated structure, heat-pressing the laminated structure and the printed layer to thermally weld the layers together to create a token base plate, and punching out the token base plate using a mold to obtain multiple gaming tokens of a predetermined shape.

[0334] In the above-mentioned method for manufacturing gaming tokens, the side ID may be attached by inkjet printing.

[0335] In the above-mentioned method for manufacturing gaming tokens, an RFID may be sandwiched between the layers of the laminated structure, and when the layers are heated and pressed together, the layers sandwiching the RFID may be heat-welded to tightly seal the RFID with a layer of plastic.

[0336] In the above-mentioned method for manufacturing gaming tokens, one or more of a face code, a security mark, and an optical variable device (OVD) may be printed on the printing layer.

[0337] A table game management system in one embodiment of the present invention comprises a card dealing device that determines and displays the results of each game at a gaming table; a camera device that uses a camera to photograph and record gaming tokens placed on the gaming table; and a management control device that uses the image capture results of the camera device in each game to identify and store the position, type and number of gaming tokens placed on the gaming table by game participants, wherein the gaming tokens have a structure that has a colored layer and a white or light-colored layer on at least the exterior so as to form an axial striped pattern on the side, and the colored layer makes it possible to identify the type of gaming token, and the management control device has a calculation function that uses the win / loss results obtained from the card dealing device and the image capture results of the position, type and number of gaming tokens placed by game participants to calculate the casino's income and expenditure at the gaming table for each game.

[0338] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the management control device may have the function of counting the number of colored layers, white layers, or light-colored layers on the gaming tokens placed by each game participant, and determining the type and value of the gaming tokens based on the color of the colored layers.

[0339] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the management control device takes images of the positions, types, and numbers of tokens placed by game participants in each game, and this is done when the card distribution device detects that the first card has been drawn, or before or after the card is drawn, or after the management control device recognizes the dealer's signal that betting is over.

[0340] Another aspect of the table game management system of the present invention comprises a gaming token tray that is provided on the gaming table and that holds gaming tokens by type; a camera device that uses a camera to capture images of the gaming tokens placed on the gaming token tray; and a management control device that identifies and stores the type and number of gaming tokens on the gaming token tray using the image capture results of the camera device, wherein the gaming tokens have a structure that has a colored layer and a white or light-colored layer at least on the outside so as to form an axial stripe pattern on the side, and the type of gaming token can be identified by the colored layer, and the management control device is configured to be able to measure the total amount of the gaming tokens on the gaming token tray using the image capture results of the type and number of the gaming tokens on the gaming token tray.

[0341] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the management control device may have a function of counting the number of colored layers, white layers, or light-colored layers on the gaming tokens placed by each game participant, and determining the type and value of the gaming tokens based on the color of the colored layers.

[0342] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the management control device may be configured to be able to determine the difference between the actual total amount of gaming tokens after the end of the game, which is kept in the gaming token tray of the dealer at the gaming table, and the increase or decrease in gaming tokens calculated from the amount of gaming tokens bet by all players and the outcome of the game.

[0343] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the total amount of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray after settlement at the end of the game is obtained via the management control device in any of the following ways: 1) when redemption of winning gaming tokens is completed, 2) when cards used in the game are collected and discarded in a discard area of ​​the table, 3) when a specified button associated with the win / loss result determination device is pressed, or 4) when the marker indicating the win or loss is returned to its original position.

[0344] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the camera device may also be capable of capturing images of the banknotes used to exchange for the gaming tokens, and the management control device may be configured to use the results of capturing the images of the banknotes to identify the type and number of gaming tokens on the gaming token tray that will be reduced by exchanging the gaming tokens on the gaming token tray for banknotes, and to be able to measure and compare this with the actual total amount of the gaming tokens on the gaming token tray.

[0345] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the management control device may be capable of comparing and determining whether the total amount of gaming tokens held in the gaming token tray of the dealer at the gaming table corresponds to an increase or decrease in the amount of gaming tokens paid for the exchanged bills after the bills have been exchanged for gaming tokens, and whether it corresponds to an increase or decrease in the amount of gaming tokens bet by all players and the outcome of the game.

[0346] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the management control device may be an artificial intelligence-based or deep learning structure that can obtain information on the type and number of gaming tokens even when part or all of one token is hidden by the camera's blind spot when measuring and determining the type and number of gaming tokens.

[0347] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the gaming token may have side IDs attached to the white or light-colored layer on the side at at least three locations spaced apart in the rotational direction, and the type and manufacturing information of the gaming token may be identified by reading the side ID with an ID reading device, and the system may be configured to be able to measure and verify the measured and identified information against a predetermined database.

[0348] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the side ID may be printed in ink that is visible to at least visible light, ink that absorbs infrared light, or both, and the ID reading device may be equipped with a plurality of visible light cameras and infrared cameras that correspond to the ink on which the side ID is printed, or may be equipped with a camera that can switch between multiple functions of a visible light camera and an infrared camera that corresponds to the ink.

[0349] In the above-mentioned table game management system, the camera device that photographs and records the gaming tokens on the gaming table may be configured to photograph the gaming tokens using a single camera or multiple cameras at different heights placed at a predetermined position.

[0350] 1 playing card 1s multiple shuffled playing cards 2 camera device 3 card dealing device 4 gaming table 5 dealer 6 customer (game participant / player) 7 chair 8 betting area 10 area 10P player area 10B banker area 11 game recording device 12 image analysis device 13 result display lamp 14 control device 14C card dealing detection device 15 output (abnormality determination result, etc.) 16 abnormality display lamp 17 gaming token tray 30 distribution limiting device 33 slot 34 locking member 35 driving unit 36 ​​locking member 37 driving unit 40 distribution limiting device 50 management control device 102 card storage unit 103 index 105 card guide unit 106 opening 107 card guide 109 control unit 112 side monitor 120 Gaming token 121 Colored layer 122 White layer 123 Printing 124 Transparent layer (printed layer) 125 RFID 126 Side ID 173 to 176, 1741 to 1745, 1761 to 1765, 178 Indicator lamp 200 Inspection device 201 Entrance 202 Exit 203 Passage 204 Determination device 205 Mark reading device 206 Print inspection device 207 Control device

Claims

1. A management system for managing games using gaming tokens, comprising: individually identifiable gaming tokens; a gaming table for playing games using said gaming tokens; a win / loss determination device for determining and displaying the results of games at said gaming table; a gaming token tray for holding gaming tokens used by a dealer at said gaming table; a dealer chip determination device for identifying the type and number of gaming tokens held in said gaming token tray; a measurement device for measuring the position, type and number of gaming tokens on said gaming table; and a management control device having the function of grasping the position, type and number of gaming tokens on said gaming table and calculating the casino's income and expenditure at said gaming table using the win / loss results obtained from said win / loss determination device, The management control device, based on information obtained from the measurement device, the dealer chip determination device, and the win / loss determination device, compares the amount of gaming tokens that the casino should collect from the gaming table in the game with the increased amount of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray after the dealer has collected the gaming tokens into the gaming token tray, and further compares the payout amount of gaming tokens that the casino should pay out in the game with the decreased amount of gaming tokens in the gaming token tray after the dealer has taken out and paid out the gaming tokens from the gaming token tray, and has the function of transmitting a signal or displaying on a display device according to the comparison results between the collected amount and the increased amount and the comparison results between the payout amount and the decreased amount, and if a discrepancy is determined in the comparison results, the management system is configured to change the output content of the signal or display according to the content of the discrepancy.

2. The management system of claim 1, wherein the management control device has a function of outputting a signal to stop the game on the gaming table or a signal to continue the game without stopping when a discrepancy is determined in the comparison result between the collected amount and the increased amount or the comparison result between the paid out amount and the decreased amount.

3. The management system according to claim 2, wherein the management control device has a function of outputting a signal to stop the game at the gaming table if the discrepancy continues even if the discrepancy is a small amount when the discrepancy amount is divided by a predetermined amount.

4. A management system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the management control device has a function to cause a display device that displays the discrepancy to display information identifying the player position or game participant that caused the discrepancy.

5. A management system for managing games using gaming tokens, comprising: a gaming table for playing games using gaming tokens; a game determination means for determining the game result; a bet determination means for determining the player's bet object and bet amount; a settlement determination means for determining the actual settlement amount of the gaming tokens exchanged between the dealer and the player; and, when there is a difference between the calculated settlement amount calculated from the game result and the bet object and bet amount and the actual settlement amount determined by the settlement determination means, a control means for performing a first control when a predetermined condition is not met, and performing a second control different from the first control when the predetermined condition is met.

6. The management system according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined condition is a condition relating to the difference.

7. The management system according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined condition is that the difference in one game is greater than a first threshold value.

8. The management system according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined condition is that the cumulative total of the differences in a predetermined number of most recent games is greater than a second threshold value.

9. The management system according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined condition is that the difference is equal to or greater than a third threshold value in a predetermined number of most recent consecutive games.

10. The management system according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined condition is that the bet amount is equal to or greater than a fourth threshold value.

11. A management system according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the control means performs a third control different from the first control and the second control when there is no difference.

12. The management system according to any one of claims 5 to 11, further comprising a display panel, wherein the control means performs the first control and the second control on the display panel.

13. The management system according to claim 12, wherein said control means causes said display panel to display different content depending on whether said first control is performed or said second control is performed.

14. The management system according to any one of claims 5 to 11, further comprising a lighting device, wherein the control means performs the first control and the second control on the lighting device.

15. The management system according to claim 14, wherein the control means causes the lighting device to light up in different colors depending on whether the first control is performed or the second control is performed.

16. A management system according to any one of claims 5 to 11, further comprising a card distribution device for distributing cards used in the game to the gaming table, wherein the control means performs the first control and the second control on the card distribution device.

17. The management system according to claim 16, wherein said control means performs control to prohibit the card dealing device from dealing cards as said second control.

18. A management system according to any one of claims 5 to 17, wherein said control means changes said predetermined conditions based on input from a user.

19. The management system according to any one of claims 5 to 18, further comprising a storage device, wherein the control means records the difference in the recording device.

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