Systems, methods, and modules for supporting a pole

Abstract

A pole support system and a stackable module for same are provided. The stackable module (100) includes a body portion having an upper surface (102) and a lower surface (104), and a pole void (114) between the upper surface and the lower surface, configured to receive a pole in use. At least one adjustable fastener is configured to be moved between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the pole void to bear against the pole to maintain the pole in position. The at least one adjustable fastener includes at least one linear actuator to extend through a side of the module (100). The upper surface (102) includes a first shear key feature (108), and the lower surface (104) includes a second shear key feature (not shown), the first shear key feature configured to interact with a second shear key feature of a further module when the further module is vertically stacked on the module in use. The first shear key feature and the second shear key feature are configured to resist rotation of the stacked modules in use and align the stacked modules in terms of rotation about a vertical axis between the upper (102) and lower (104) surfaces. When a utility pole suffers damage and breaks, there is a need to return the utility to the elevated position, both for safety and the return of the related service. However, the permanent installation of a replacement pole can require significant resources in terms of time and personnel. The invention provides a temporarily support for a utility pole consisting of stackable modules, each module having a pole void, shear key features, and adjustable fasteners.

Description

[0001] SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND MODULES FOR SUPPORTING A POLE

[0002] STATEMENT OF CORRESPONDING APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application is based on the specifications filed in relation to New Zealand Patent Application No. 741631 and New Zealand Patent Application No. 745987, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0004] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0005] The present disclosure relates to systems, methods and modules for supporting a pole, more particularly systems and methods for temporarily supporting a utility module using a stack of modules.

[0006] BACKGROUND

[0007] Utility poles are well known for elevating a utility, such as a power or telecommunications line, above ground level. When a pole suffers damage and breaks, there is a need to return the utility to the elevated position - both for safety, and return of the related service.

[0008] However, permanent installation of a replacement pole can require significant resources in terms of time and personnel. It can be desirable to temporarily support a utility pole in place to return services, particularly in emergency situations, until a more permanent solution can be provided at a suitable time.

[0009] One known means for reinforcing utility poles is referred to as "pole nailing" - embedding reinforcing nails into the ground surrounding the pole, and strapping or otherwise securing the pole to the reinforcing nails. However, concerns exist with regard to the force required for embedding the nails potentially weakening the earth and other poles around the nailed pole, increasing the risk of other poles failing or being damaged.

[0010] It is an object of the present invention to address at least one of the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.

[0011] All references, including any patents or patent applications cited in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference. No admission is made that any reference constitutes prior art. The discussion of the references states what their authors assert, and the applicants reserve the right to challenge the accuracy and pertinency of the cited documents. It will be clearly understood that, although a number of prior art publications are referred to herein, this reference does not constitute an admission that any of these documents form part of the common general knowledge in the art, in New Zealand or in any other country.

[0012] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like, are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to".

[0013] Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only.

[0014] SUMMARY

[0015] According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method of supporting a pole, including the steps of: placing a first module on a surface, the first module having a void configured to receive a pole; vertically stacking one or more further modules on top of the first module, each of the further modules including a void configured to receive the pole; and inserting a pole in an upright position through the voids in the further modules and into the void in the first module.

[0016] According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a system for supporting a pole, including: a plurality of modules substantially as described herein.

[0017] According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a module for a pole support system, including: a body portion having an upper surface, and a lower surface; and a pole void between the upper surface and the lower surface, configured to receive a pole in use; wherein the upper surface includes a first shear key feature, and the lower surface includes a second shear key feature, the first shear key feature configured to interact with a second shear key feature of a further module when the further module is vertically stacked on the module.

[0018] According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a module for a pole support system, including: a body portion having an upper surface, and a lower surface; a pole void between the upper surface and the lower surface, configured to receive a pole in use;

[0019] at least one adjustable fastener configured to be moved between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the pole void.

[0020] According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a module for a pole support system, including: a body portion having an upper surface, and a lower surface; a pole void between the upper surface and the lower surface, configured to receive a pole in use; and at least one adjustable fastener configured to be moved between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the pole void; wherein the upper surface includes a first shear key feature, and the lower surface includes a second shear key feature, the first shear key feature configured to interact with a second shear key feature of a further module when the further module is vertically stacked on the module.

[0021] According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a module for a pole support system, including: a body portion having an upper surface, a lower surface, and at least one side surface between the upper surface and the lower surface; a pole void between the upper surface and the lower surface, configured to receive a pole in use; and a slot between the pole void and the side surface.

[0022] According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a module for a pole support system, including: a body portion having an upper surface, a lower surface, and at least one side surface between the upper surface and the lower surface; a pole void between the upper surface and the lower surface, configured to receive a pole in use; and a slot between the pole void and the side surface; wherein the upper surface includes a first shear key feature, and the lower surface includes a second shear key feature, the first shear key feature configured to interact with a second shear key feature of a further module when the further module is vertically stacked on the module.

[0023] According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a module for a pole support system, including: a body portion having an upper surface, a lower surface, and at least one side surface between the upper surface and the lower surface; a pole void between the upper surface and the lower surface, configured to receive a pole in use; a slot between the pole void and the side surface; and at least one adjustable fastener configured to be moved between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the pole void.

[0024] According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a module for a pole support system, including: a body portion having an upper surface, a lower surface, and at least one side surface between the upper surface and the lower surface; a pole void between the upper surface and the lower surface, configured to receive a pole in use; a slot between the pole void and the side surface; and at least one adjustable fastener configured to be moved between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the pole void; wherein the upper surface includes a first shear key feature, and the lower surface includes a second shear key feature, the first shear key feature configured to interact with a second shear key feature of a further module when the further module is vertically stacked on the module.

[0025] It is envisaged that the present disclosure may have particular application to the temporary support of utility poles. More particularly, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be directed to support of a utility pole for a maintenance duration of over a day but less than 6 months. It should be appreciated that installations longer than this period are contemplated, although it is envisaged that site specific analysis and design may be required in such cases. This temporary support may be provided in response to a need for repair or replacement of an existing utility pole, or to provide a temporary utility pole in a new location until a permanent installation can be carried out. Utility poles are subject to tip loading by the utility it carries - for example, one or more line conductors and related hardware, or a street light, or traffic signal hardware. The tip load applied to each pole and the height of the pole contribute to an overturning moment at the base of the pole. Aspects of the pole support system described herein contribute to resisting these overturning moments from the pole, as described below.

[0026] In exemplary embodiments, it is envisaged that the pole support system may be configured for use with timber poles. However, it should be appreciated this is not intended to be limiting to all exemplary embodiments - for example, the poles may be precast concrete poles or steel poles.

[0027] It should be appreciated that the present disclosure may have application to the support of poles, elongate members, or other objects, which are not utility poles. For example, the disclosure may be applied to the support of an upright member of a shelter or other such structure, a mast of a watercraft, a telecommunications mast, or the like.

[0028] It is envisaged that the module may be prefabricated - i.e. manufactured in one location, and transported to a desired location for use.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, the module may be made of precast concrete. It should be appreciated that in exemplary embodiments a precast concrete structure may also include reinforcing (for example, reinforcing bar). It is envisaged that concrete may be well suited to achieving desirable weight within sizing considerations in certain applications, while also providing sufficient structural integrity to withstand the forces imparted by use and transportation of the module.

[0030] However, it should be appreciated that alternate materials are contemplated - for example a metal or metal alloy (such as steel, iron or bronze), a ceramic, a plastics material (including plastics materials having filler components) - and that reference to the use of concrete should not be understood to be limiting to all embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] Further, while it is envisaged that the body portion of the module may take a solid structural form, it should be appreciated that other structures are contemplated, for example frame or shell structures, or a complex structure combining two or more of these forms.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the module may include a hollow structure, configured to receive a filler material. By way of example, the hollow structure could be moulded from plastics material, or fabricated from a sheet material such as sheet steel. In exemplary embodiments the filler material may be removeable from the hollow structure - for example, a flowable material such as water or sand. In such an embodiment, the hollow structure may be transported to the desired location for installation, the filler material placed in the hollow structure on site, and the filler material subsequently removed from the hollow structure if transportation away from the location is required. In an exemplary embodiment, the hollow structure may be filled with a permanent filler material - for example, concrete.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the module may include one or more lifting anchors for use in moving the module - for example into place for use or storage, or onto a vehicle for transportation. By way of example, the one or more lifting anchors may be spherical head anchors, or eyes.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, a module may weigh less than five tonnes. It is envisaged that the pole support system may have particular application to use in locations in which it is desirable to use relatively manoeuvrable transport vehicles having relatively light lifting capacities - for example a truck carrier base having a loader crane. While it should be appreciated that heavier modules may be used in exemplary embodiments, it is envisaged that reducing the weight of individual modules may assist with ease of transportation, installation, and subsequent removal of the system as a whole - particularly where the system is intended to be used multiple times, rather than a bespoke installation.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, a module may weigh at least one tonne. In an exemplary embodiment, a module may weigh at least 1.5 tonnes. In an exemplary embodiment, a module may weigh at least two tonnes. Just as it is envisaged that the weight of individual modules may be restricted, as discussed above, for practical purposes - it is also envisaged that a minimum weight may be useful in achieving desired characteristics of the assembled system with a reduced amount of handling of individual components.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, the minimum width of a module may be at least one metre. It is envisaged that this may assist in achieving an effective bearing area capable of providing an acceptable bearing in the context of utility poles and similar loads.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment the width may be about 1.5 metres. It is envisaged that this may assist with achieving a volume (and thereby weight for a given material) in certain applications, while permitting positioning of utility poles in an acceptable position in terms of functionality without encroaching on surrounding features of the local environment. For example, in the context of the support of utility poles in urban environments, it may be desirable to install utility poles close to, but not encroaching on, features such as footpaths and driveways.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment the width may be about 1.8 metres. It is envisaged that while this may reduce the spacing from features in the local environment in comparison with a smaller width, there may be cases in which it is desirable to achieve a larger bearing area, or greater volume (and thereby weight), to assist in meeting load bearing requirements for a particular application. It should be appreciated that these values of width are not intended to be limiting to all exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, as it is envisaged that the system may be scaled up to meet requirements on a case by case basis to meet bespoke requirements. In an exemplary embodiment, the perimeter of the module may be substantially rectangular in shape.

[0039] It is envisaged that the module may be made of concrete, and a rectangular shape may be relatively inexpensive in terms of the formwork required in comparison with more complex polygonal shapes, or those having curves.

[0040] Further, it is envisaged that the rectangular shape may assist with transportation and storage, for example by allowing modules to be more closely positioned next to each other in comparison with other shapes with comparable bearing areas and weight.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the perimeter of the module may be substantially square in shape. As well as the characteristics mentioned previously with regard to the rectangular shape, it is envisaged that a square shape may be a more efficient form for capacity and foundation bearing.

[0042] However, it should be appreciated that this is not intended to be limiting to all embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the module may be in the shape of an ellipse (i.e. resulting in the module including an elliptical prism having a single continuous side surface), or any other desired geometric shape.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, the module may include a first shear key feature and a second shear key feature. The first shear key feature of a first module may be configured to interact with a second shear key feature of a second module in order to transfer shear forces therebetween - i.e. resist lateral movement of the modules relative to each other. It is envisaged that the dimensions of the shear key features may be greater than those required to achieve a minimum shear capacity for a particular application, for example to improve the ease of manufacture of the module.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the upper surface of the module includes the first shear key feature, and the lower surface includes the second shear key feature, wherein the first shear key feature is configured to interact with a second shear key feature of a further module when the further stackable module is vertically stacked on the module.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, the shear key features may include a recess and a protrusion. In such an embodiment, the protrusion is received by and bears against the recess under shear loading. In an exemplary embodiment, the recess and the protrusion may be complementary in shape - however it should be appreciated that this is not intended to be limiting to all embodiments of the present disclosure, as disparate shapes may still interact to achieve the functionality of a shear key as described herein. In an exemplary embodiment, the recess and the projection may surround the pole void.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, the shear key features may be configured to resist rotation of the stacked modules, more particularly rotation about an axis between the upper and lower surfaces. For example, where the shear key features are a polyhedron in shape (for example a pyramidal frustum), the interaction of the respective corners of the shear keys may prevent rotation.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the shear key features may be configured to align stacked modules in terms of rotation about an axis between the upper and lower surfaces. In doing so, it is envisaged that this may assist with vertical alignment of adjustable fasteners of the respective modules - the purpose of which will be discussed further below.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment the edges of the shear key features may be bevelled. It is envisaged that this may assist with ease of stacking the modules, helping to guide a module laterally as it is lowered onto the module below. In an exemplary embodiment the angle of the bevel may be substantially 45°, however it should be appreciated that this is not intended to be limiting to all embodiments.

[0049] It is envisaged that exemplary embodiments may include alternate means for locating the modules relative to each other, for example mechanical fixings or ties.

[0050] In an exemplary embodiment, the module may include at least one adjustable fastener configured to be moved between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the pole void. In use, the adjustable fastener may be actuated to extend and bear against the pole, when positioned in the pole void, to maintain the pole in position.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, each module may include a plurality of adjustable fasteners.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of adjustable fasteners may be positioned around the pole void. For example, where the module is square in shape, the module may include an adjustable fastener on each side - the fasteners arranged in opposing pairs to cooperate to releasably secure the pole.

[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, the angle of the pole through the pole voids of the vertically stacked modules may be controlled by adjustment of the respective fasteners of the modules.

[0054] For example, an upper fastener may be extended further than a lower fastener in order to provide bearing points at an angle relative to a vertical axis through the pole voids.

[0055] It is envisaged that the system may be configured to allow a rake of the pole of up to about 3°. It is envisaged that best practice, for circumstances requiring a greater rake relative to ground, would be to level the ground on which the stacked modules are seated. Flowever, it should be appreciated that this is not intended to be limiting to all exemplary embodiments, and that embodiments are contemplated allowing a rake of greater than 3°.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one adjustable fastener may include at least one linear actuator to extend through a side of the module. For example, the at least one adjustable fastener may be a set screw, configured to be extended into the pole void to exert a clamping force against the pole. In an exemplary embodiment, the set screw may be a blind set screw, also referred to in the art of fasteners as a grub screw.

[0057] It is envisaged that a drive end of the grub screw, distal from a bearing end configured to act against the pole in use, may be contained within the associated side surface (i.e. not projecting out of the side surface).

[0058] It is envisaged that the above may reduce the likelihood of the fastener presenting a safety hazard by projection from the module. It is also envisaged that this may reduce the likelihood of the fastener acting as a catching point during movement of the module for installation, transportation, or storage.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, an adjustable fastener may be configured to be locked in position - for example, once a desired position relative to the utility pole has been achieved.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, a cover may be provided to restrict access to the at least one adjustable fastener - for example, as a measure of security to limit tampering in the field once installed.

[0061] In an exemplary embodiment, the system may include a base module configured to be seated on a surface - i.e. non-surface penetrating - with other modules stacked vertically on top of the base module.

[0062] In an exemplary embodiment, the base module may include a body portion having an upper surface, and a lower surface, and at least one side surface between the upper surface and the lower surface.

[0063] The base module may include a base pole void extending from the upper surface of the body portion towards the lower surface. In an exemplary embodiment, the base pole void may not extend all the way through the body portion to the lower surface.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, the base module may include a secondary aperture between the base pole void and the lower surface, the secondary aperture having a smaller diameter than the base pole void. The secondary aperture may be used to provide drainage, and / or act as a conduit for cables - with a lip of the base pole void surrounding the secondary aperture as the result in the difference in diameter providing a surface on which a pole may be placed.

[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, the one or modules to be placed on the base module may each be of a greater weight than the base module. It is envisaged that the weight of the stacked modules may have a greater influence on the ability to counteract tipping loads than the base module. As such, reducing the weight of the base module in comparison may assist with matters such as handling of the base module during transportation, installation and storage - as well as reducing requisite load bearing capabilities of surfaces and transportation on which it may be placed.

[0066] However, it should be appreciated that this is not intended to be limiting, as it is contemplated that in an exemplary embodiment, the base module may be of a greater weight than the individual other modules. For example, in exemplary embodiments the base module may have a greater width than the other modules in order to increase its bearing area. As a result, the base module may have a greater volume (and thereby weight) in comparison with the other modules.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the dimensions of the module and base module may be the same, but one may be heavier than the other.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment in which one of the module and the base module is heavier than the other, it is envisaged that this may be achieved, at least in part, by use of a higher density material. For example, where the modules are made of concrete, the stackable module may be made of concrete having a density of about 24 kN / m3 (i.e. that of concrete using standard aggregate and nominal reinforcement). The heavier module may use a higher density aggregate such as barite, or iron sand. It is envisaged that this may assist in achieving a desired weight while remaining within desirable sizing constraints for certain applications.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, the method of supporting the pole may include determining the factored loading on the pole by the utility to be supported. This factored loading may be used to determine the equivalent tip load on the pole, which may be compared with a predetermined tip load capacity at a particular pole height of one or more configurations of the support system.

[0070] It should be appreciated that for a given base module and module specification, the tip load capacity of the system may be determined based on the number of modules to be vertically stacked. Reference to a configuration of the support system should therefore be understood to mean a particular combination of a base module and a specified number of modules - or a specified number of modules in exemplary embodiments which do not utilise a different base module design. A configuration of the support system may therefore be selected based on the required tip load capacity for a particular installation.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment, the pole may be secured within the respective voids by adjustable fasteners as discussed herein. It is envisaged that this may assist with improving the safety factor of the system, by avoiding the need for an operator to manhandle the pole directly through use of the adjustable fasteners to position the pole.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the angle of the pole relative to the support system may be adjusted using the adjustable fasteners. For example, if the surface on which the lowest module is seated is not level, the pole may be straightened within the voids to compensate for this, and secured in position using the adjustable fasteners.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, the module may be configured to have a utility pole mounted at the upper surface, rather than received within the void. For example, the module may include one or more fixing features, to which a pole mounting bracket may be secured. It is envisaged that this aspect of the disclosure may have particular application to mounting flange based utility poles, such as those known for use in streetlighting. For completeness, exemplary embodiments are contemplated in which the module includes the fixing features in addition to the void.

[0074] It is envisaged that the pole mounting bracket may include a cable void, with cabling for the utility run through the cable void and the voids in the modules.

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, a utility pole having a mounting flange may be secured directly to the fixing features, rather than via an intermediate mounting bracket. For example, the fixing features may be arranged in a pattern to suit corresponding features in the flange of the pole.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the body of the module may include a body portion having an upper surface, a lower surface, and at least one side surface between the upper surface and the lower surface. In an exemplary embodiment, the module may include a slot between the pole void and the side surface.

[0077] The slot may open between the upper surface and the lower surface - i.e. such that in use, the module may be moved sideways relative to an upright pole, with the pole passing through the slot into the pole void (or vice versa). For ease of understanding, the module including the slot may generally be described as "U-shaped", in the sense of being open on one side, but enclosed on the others.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the modules may be vertically stacked prior to the pole being inserted into the voids in an upright position - whether downwardly through the pole void of the upmost module, or sideways though aligned slots of the modules.

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, the pole may be maintained in an upright position, and the modules positioned relative to the pole such that the pole passes through each slot. It is envisaged that exemplary embodiments including the slot may be particularly suited to use in the support or reinforcement of an existing pole - i.e. the pole is installed, and the modules moved into place in order to provide the pole support system. Flowever, it should be appreciated that this is not intended to exclude the use of these modules in providing a pole support system into which a pole is positioned.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, in use (i.e. when stacked vertically), at least one of the modules may be rotated such that the slot of that module is misaligned with the slot of at least one of the other modules. In an exemplary embodiment, alternating modules may be rotated such that the slots of adjacent modules are misaligned. In doing so, the respective bodies of the modules may be used to block sideways movement of a pole received within the respective voids. It is also envisaged that this arrangement may assist with distributing the loads from the pole about the system as a whole. According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method of supporting a pole, including the steps of: placing a first module on a surface; vertically stacking one or more further modules on top of the first module, each of the further modules including a void configured to receive the pole, and a slot between the pole void and a side surface; and locating a pole in an upright position within the voids in the modules, wherein at least one of the modules is rotated such that the slot of that module is misaligned with the slot of at least one of the other modules.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, in use (i.e. when stacked vertically), the modules may be oriented such that the respective slots are aligned vertically. According to one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method of supporting a pole, including the steps of: placing a first module on a surface; vertically stacking one or more further modules on top of the first module, each of the further modules including a void configured to receive the pole, and a slot between the pole void and a side surface, and where the modules are oriented such that the respective slots are aligned vertically; and locating a pole in an upright position within the voids in the modules.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the module may include a crossmember, in use extending across at least a portion of the slot. In exemplary embodiments, the crossmember may extend across the entire width of the slot. It should be appreciated that the crossmember may be made of any suitable material capable of resisting anticipated forces for a particular module and / or system use case. By way of example, it is envisaged that the crossmember may be made of hollow section steel tube - for example square hollow section steel tube.

[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, the module may include locating recesses on opposing sides of the slot, configured to receive the crossmember. In an exemplary embodiment, the locating recess may extend from an exterior surface of the module. In an exemplary embodiment, the locating recess may extend downwardly from the upper surface. It is envisaged that this may assist with resisting the horizontal forces expected to be loaded on the crossmember, whether by the pole directly or via an adjustable fasted (as will be described further below). Further, when a module is stacked on top of another including the cross member, this may frustrate inadvertent removal of the crossmember. However, it should be appreciated that alternate configurations are contemplated, for example extending from the lower surface, or the side surface.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the locating recess may include a first portion extending from the exterior surface, and a locating portion distal from the exterior surface. In an exemplary embodiment, the locating recess may include a transition between the first portion and the locating portion, the transition requiring movement of the crossmember in at least two directions to pass between the exterior and the locating portion. By way of example, the locating recess may be generally "L-shaped".

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the body of the module may include localised reinforcing proximate the locating recesses.

[0086] It should be appreciated that the crossmember may be releasably positioned relative to the body of the module by other means. For example, in an exemplary embodiment the length of the crossmember may be adjustable - for example, telescoping - to bear against the respective sides of the slot. As a further example, brackets and / or releasable fasteners (for example, bolts) may be provided to secure the cross member to the body of the module.

[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, the crossmember may be moveable relative to the slot. For example, the crossmember may be pivotally attached to the body of the module and configured to pivot between a blocking position across at least a portion of the slot, and an open position to allow passage of a pole. As a further example, the crossmember may be configured to be extendable (for example: sliding, telescoping, or threaded) between a blocking position across at least a portion of the slot, and an open position to allow passage of a pole.

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, the crossmember may include and / or support an adjustable fastener, the adjustable fastener being configured to be moved between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the pole void. The adjustable fastener may be generally configured as discussed above in relation to the one or more adjustable fasteners passing through a side of the module. For example, it is envisaged that the adjustable fastener may be a set screw.

[0089] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0090] Further aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

[0091] FIG. 1-1 is a perspective view of an exemplary stackable module;

[0092] FIG. 1-2 is a top view of the stackable module; FIG. 1-3 is a side cross-sectional view of the stackable module;

[0093] FIG. 2-1 is a perspective view of an exemplary adjustable fastener;

[0094] FIG. 2-2 is a side cross-sectional view of the adjustable fastener installed in a module;

[0095] FIG. 2-3 is a side cross-sectional view of the module demonstrating removal of the adjustable fastener from the module;

[0096] FIG. 3-1 is a perspective view of an exemplary base module;

[0097] FIG. 3-2 is a top view of the base module;

[0098] FIG. 3-3 is a side cross-sectional view of the base module;

[0099] FIG. 3-4 is a perspective view of a reinforcing structure for the base module;

[0100] FIG. 3-5 to 3-8 are views of components of the reinforcing structure;

[0101] FIG. 4-1 is an exploded view of an exemplary pole support system;

[0102] FIG. 4-2 is a perspective view of the exemplary pole support system;

[0103] FIG. 4-3 is a side view of the exemplary pole support system;

[0104] FIG. 4-4 is a side cross-sectional view of the exemplary pole support system in a first condition of adjustment of the adjustable fasteners;

[0105] FIG. 4-5 is a side cross-sectional view of the exemplary pole support system in a second condition of adjustment of the adjustable fasteners;

[0106] FIG. 4-6 is a side cross-sectional view of the exemplary pole support system in a third condition of adjustment of the adjustable fasteners;

[0107] FIG. 5-1 is a side cross-sectional view of the exemplary pole support system as a reference for design calculations;

[0108] FIG. 5-2 is a side view of the exemplary stackable module as a reference for design calculations;

[0109] FIG. 6 is a side view of a first exemplary temporary pole installation;

[0110] FIG. 7 is a side view of a second exemplary temporary pole installation;

[0111] FIG. 8 is a side view of a third exemplary temporary pole installation;

[0112] FIG. 9 is a side view of a fourth exemplary temporary pole installation; FIG. 10-1 is a side view of an exemplary pole mounting bracket;

[0113] FIG. 10-2 is a top view of the exemplary pole mounting bracket;

[0114] FIG. 11-1 is a top view of a further exemplary stackable module;

[0115] FIG. 11-2 is a top view of another exemplary stackable module; FIG. 12-1 is a perspective view of another exemplary stackable module;

[0116] FIG. 12-2 is a top view of the stackable module;

[0117] FIG. 12-3 is a side cross-sectional view of the stackable module;

[0118] FIG. 12-4 is a side cross-sectional view of a crossmember and adjustable fastener of the stackable module; FIG. 12-5 is a side cross-sectional view of the stackable module illustrating reinforcing thereof;

[0119] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another exemplary pole support system;

[0120] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a further exemplary pole support system, and

[0121] FIG. 15 is a side view of an additional exemplary pole support system.

[0122] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0123] FIG. 1-1 and FIG. 1-2 illustrate a stackable module 100 for use in a pole support system, as will be described further below. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated the stackable module 100 has an upper surface 102, a lower surface 104, and four side surfaces 106a, 106b, 106c, and 106d extending between the upper surface 102 and the lower surface 104. The edges between the side surfaces 104a-d and the upper surface 102 and lower surface 104 are chamfered. In this exemplary embodiment, the shape of the stackable module 100 along the side surfaces 106a-d is substantially square, although it should be appreciated that other shapes are envisaged. The edges between the side surfaces 106a-d and the upper surface 102 and lower surface 104 are chamfered.

[0124] A first shear key feature 108 - a square pyramidal frustum in the exemplary embodiment illustrated - is located on the upper surface 102, surrounded by an upper lip 110 at its base. The first shear key feature 108 has a top surface 112, through which a pole receiving void 114 extends to the lower surface 104.

[0125] In this exemplary embodiment, lifting anchors 116 are located in two sides of the first shear key feature 108, for use in moving the stackable module 100 - for example into place for use or storage, or onto a vehicle for transportation. By way of example, the lifting anchors 116 may be spherical head lifting anchors such as Swiftlift™ anchors sold by Reids Construction Systems.

[0126] In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the stackable module 100 includes a plurality of fixing points 118 in the top surface 112, for securing fixtures thereto. For example, the fixing points 118 may be inserts embedded in the top surface having threaded sockets for use with threaded fasteners such as bolts.

[0127] FIG. 1-3 is a side cross-sectional view of the stackable module 100, illustrating a second shear key feature 120 configured to be complementary with the first shear key feature 108 of another stackable module when stacked vertically. In use, the first shear key feature 108 and second shear key feature 120 interact to transfer shear loads through the stack. Reinforcing 122 is provided primarily for shrinkage control.

[0128] In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the stackable module 100 includes four adjustable fasteners 200 configured to act on a pole located within the void 114. Referring to FIG. 2-1, in this exemplary embodiment the adjustable fastener 200 is a screwjack, having an adjustable fastener guide 202 (for example, a steel tube) with external locating fingers 204-1 and 204-2 projecting from the fastener guide 202 to be set within the concrete of the module 100 to resist forces generated by application of the adjustable fastener to a pole located within the void 114, as described further below. One end of the fastener guide 202 provides an access opening 206. A fastener actuator in the form of a threaded rod 208, terminating in a bearing head 210 facing the void 114, is located within the fastener guide 202. At least a portion of the interior of the fastener guide 202 has a complementary thread to that of the threaded rod 208.

[0129] Referring to FIG. 2-2, an actuator drive portion (for example Allen key socket 212) is accessible via the access opening 206. In an exemplary embodiment the Allen key socket 212 may be provided by a threaded insert in a tapped end of the threaded rod 208, potentially fillet welded around the insert.

[0130] In use, the external threads of the threaded rod 208 engages with the complementary internal threads of the fastener guide 202, such that rotation of the threaded rod 208 produces linear motion of the bearing head 210. The threaded rod 208 acts as a grub screw, the end having the actuator drive portion contained within the side surface 106 (i.e. not projecting out of the side surface 106). The stackable module 100 may include fastener recesses 214 in the side walls of the module facing the void 114, into which the bearing head 210 may be extracted. Referring to FIG. 2-3, it is envisaged that the length of the threaded rod 208 (with socket 212) may be less than the width of the void 114, allowing the rod 208 to be completely wound out and extracted via the void 114.

[0131] FIG. 3-1 and FIG. 3-2 illustrate a base module 300 for use in a pole support system, as will be described further below. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated the base module 300 is similar in configuration to the stackable module 100, having an upper surface 302, a lower surface 304, and four side surfaces 306a, 306b, 306c, and 306d extending between the upper surface 302 and the lower surface 304. The edges between the side surfaces 306a-d and the upper surface 302 and lower surface 304 are chamfered. In this exemplary embodiment, the shape of the base module 300 along the side surfaces 306a-d is substantially square, although it should be appreciated that other shapes are envisaged.

[0132] A first shear key feature 308 - a square pyramidal frustum in the exemplary embodiment illustrated - is located on the upper surface 302, surrounded by an upper lip 310 at its base. The first shear key feature 308 has a top surface 312, through which a pole receiving void 314 extends partially towards the lower surface 304.

[0133] Lifting anchors 316 are located in two sides of the first shear key feature 308, for use in moving the base module 300 - for example into place for use or storage, or onto a vehicle for transportation. By way of example, the lifting anchors 316 may be spherical head lifting anchors.

[0134] The base module 300 does not include a second shear key feature in its lower surface 304, as with the stackable module 100. Rather, the base module 300 is configured to be positioned underneath vertically stacked modules 100, seated on the ground. The base module includes a secondary aperture 318 between the void 314 and the lower surface 304, through which water may drain, and / or cables run.

[0135] Referring to FIG. 3-3, the base surface 320 of the void 314 surrounds the secondary aperture 318. In use, and end of a pole received by the void 314 seats against the base surface 320. A screwjack 200 is provided in each side 306a-d, as described above in relation to the stackable module 100.

[0136] Referring to FIG. 3-4, the base module 300 includes interior reinforcing 322 made of rebar (for example, 10 mm diameter rebar). In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the reinforcing 322 includes a plurality of tall stirrups 324 (see FIG. 3-5), low stirrups 326 (see FIG. 3-6), links 328 (see FIG. 3-7), overlapping U bars (see FIG. 3-8), and straights 332.

[0137] FIG. 4-1 to FIG. 4-3 illustrate assembly of an exemplary pole support system 400 utilising a base module 200 seated on the ground 402, with three stackable modules 100a, 100b, 100c vertically stacked on top of the base module 200. Referring to FIG. 4-3, it is envisaged that the system 400 may be used in circumstances in which the ground 402 is sloped - for example up to about 3°. In such instances, the system 400 may be levelled, for example by packing one side of the system 400 underneath the base module 200 using timber planks 406, or by levelling the ground itself.

[0138] Referring to FIG. 4-4, a first utility pole 406 is inserted through the void in the stackable modules 100, to be seated in the void of the base module 200. The utility pole 304 is then secured using the screwjacks of the respective modules. As may be seen in FIG. 4-5, a second utility pole 408 of a smaller diameter than the first utility pole may be secured by the same system 400, by extension of the screwjacks to a greater extent.

[0139] Further, as illustrated in FIG. 4-6, screwjacks 200 of the base module 300 and stackable modules 100 may be used to adjust the angle of a pole 410 within the voids of the respective modules. This is achieved by adjusting the relative extent to which the screwjacks 200 project into the voids. FIG. 5-1 and FIG. 5-2 provide references for design considerations for the modules and system. One structural design consideration is ensuring the effective shear transfer between the modules is sufficient to resist both the tip load, and the overturning moment.

[0140] Florizontal shear transfer (Fltop) to resist overturning moment may be calculated using:

[0141] Ht0p= (H* x (L - hb) / d where:

[0142] FI* is the tip load;

[0143] L is the pole height;

[0144] • hbis the distance from the lower surface of the base module to the screwjack of the base module;d is the leverarm distance between the screwjack of the uppermost stackable module and the screwjack of the base module.

[0145] The shear transfer is used to assess the vertical uplift (as described below), and check against the concrete capacity. The concrete capacity (<PVC), assuming a minimum steel reinforcement %, may be calculated using: Vc=0.75 x (0.07 + 10 pw) V / c' x bkx dkwhere:

[0146] • pwis the reinforcement ratio;

[0147] • fc' is the concrete strength;

[0148] • bkis the breadth of the shear key; and

[0149] • dkis the depth of the shear key. Vertical uplift to resist on the top stackable module (N*top) may be calculated using: N*top = [(Htop x d1) - (Wsx (d2 / 2)] / d2where: • di is the distance from the lower surface of the stackable module to the screwjack of the stackable module

[0150] • Wsis the weight of the stackable module; and

[0151] • d2 is the leverarm distance, approximated as 0.75 x width of the module. Vertical uplift to resist on lowest stackable module to base connection (N *bottom) may be calculated using: N* bottom=[(Htop X [di + ((n - 1) x hs)]) (Wsx n x (d2 / 2)] / d2where:

[0152] • n is the number of stackable modules; and

[0153] • hsis the height of a stackable module. A negative vertical uplift value on the top and lowermost stackable modules indicates sufficient resistance to toppling.

[0154] Each configuration is also analysed for compliance with desirable bearing pressure and bearing area requirements for the overturning moment of the stacked modules acting as a foundation. In an exemplary embodiment, the allowable dependable bearing capacity has been set at 150 kPa, and acceptable bearing within 1 / 3 of the base area.

[0155] The bearing pressure (p) may be calculated using: p = W* / A where:

[0156] • W* is the total weight of the stacked modules and base module; and · A is the effective bearing area of the module.

[0157] The effective bearing area (A) may be calculated using:

[0158] A = b x b' where:

[0159] • b is the breadth of the module · b' is effective bearing breadth of the module

[0160] For a square shaped stacking module, the effective bearing breadth (b') may be calculated using: b' = [(£> / 2) - e] x 2 where: e is the eccentricity due to overturning moment.

[0161] The eccentricity (e) due to overturning moment may be calculated using: e = M* / W* where: M* is the overturning moment.

[0162] The overturning moment {M*) may be calculated using:

[0163] M* = H* x L.

[0164] FIG. 6 to 9 illustrate different scenarios in which the pole support system may be used. In each scenario, the tip load capacity of different configurations of the system at a number of pole heights is predetermined, enabling the installer to determine a suitable configuration for a particular pole installation. In order to determine the suitability or configuration of the stackable system for a particular pole and utility carried by that pole, the installer determines the tip load(s). The tip load applied in a particular scenario may be determined as known in the art - typically calculated by lines contractors from design tables, standards, engineering calculations, or possibly based on the maximum tip load capacity of the pole. These factor in wind speeds for permanent or temporary situations, topography factors for wind, wind area and type / size of pole (and any fixtures), as well as permanent and wind loadings from lines attached to the pole.

[0165] FIG. 6 illustrates a temporary pole installation 600, including a pole support system 602 having a base module 604, and three stackable modules 606a-c, receiving a utility pole 608 within the respective voids. At the distal end 610 of the pole 608, a tip load 612 is applied - for example by a line conductor. In this exemplary embodiment, each of the base module 604, and the three stackable modules 606a-c has a size of 1.5m x 1.5 m x 0.4 m (w x I x h). The base module 604 weighs 26.0 kN (using normal reinforced concrete), and the three stackable modules 406a-c each weigh 26.8 kN (using barite as an aggregate).

[0166] The system 602 configuration may be assessed using the following capacity chart:

[0167]

[0168] In an alternate embodiment, in which the base module 604 weighs 26.0 kN (using normal reinforced concrete), and the three stackable modules 406a-c each weigh 24.2 kN (using iron sand as an aggregate), the system 602 configuration may be assessed using the following capacity chart:

[0169]

[0170] FIG. 7 illustrates a temporary pole installation 700, including a pole support system 702 having a base module 704, and three stackable modules 706a-c, receiving a utility pole 708 within the respective voids. At the distal end 710 of the pole 708, a upper tip load 712 and a lower tip load 714 is applied - spaced apart by one meter.

[0171] In this exemplary embodiment, each of the base module 704, and the three stackable modules 706a-c has a size of 1.5m x 1.5 m x 0.4 m (w x I x h). The base module 704 weighs 26 kN, and the three stackable modules 706a-c each weigh 26.8 kN.

[0172] The system 702 configuration may be assessed using the following capacity chart:

[0173] FIG. 8 illustrates a temporary pole installation 800, including a pole support system 802 having a base module 804, and three stackable modules 806a-c, receiving a utility pole 808 within the respective voids. At the distal end 810 of the pole 808, a tip load 812 is applied - for example by a line conductor.

[0174] In this exemplary embodiment, the base module 804 has a size of 1.8m x 1.8 m x 0.4 m (w x I x h), and each of the three stackable modules 806a-c has a size of 1.5m x 1.5 m x 0.4 m (w x I x h). The base module 804 weighs 3.6 tonnes, and the three stackable modules 806a-c each weigh 2.8 tonnes.

[0175] The system 802 configuration may be assessed using the following capacity chart:

[0176]

[0177] FIG. 9 illustrates a temporary pole installation 900, including a pole support system 902 having a base module 904, and three stackable modules 906a-c, receiving a utility pole 908 within the respective voids. At the distal end 910 of the pole 908, an upper tip load 912 and a lower tip load 914 is applied - spaced apart by one meter.

[0178] In this exemplary embodiment, the base module 904 has a size of 1.8m x 1.8 m x 0.4 m (w x I x h), and each of the three stackable modules 906a-c has a size of 1.5m x 1.5 m x 0.4 m (w x I x h). The base module 904 weighs 3.6 tonnes, and the three stackable modules 906a-c each weigh 2.8 tonnes. The system 902 configuration may be assessed using the following capacity chart:

[0179]

[0180] FIG. 10-1 and 10-2 illustrate an exemplary system configuration 1000 in which a top mounting frame 1002 is used with the support system, and more particularly for securing a pole to the top of a stackable module 100. The mounting frame 1002 includes a pole mounting plate 1004 elevated above the module 100 by mounting feet 1006a and 1006b, reinforced by upper stiffeners 1008 and lower stiffeners 1010.

[0181] The mounting feet 1006a and 1006b each include a plurality of fastener apertures 1012 in a pattern aligning with the fixing points 118 of the module 100 (see FIG. 1-1). The mounting frame 1002 is secured to the module 100 using fasteners, such as bolts, passing through the fastener apertures 1012 to engage the fixing points 118.

[0182] The pole mounting plate 1004 includes a cable void 1014, sized to suit the cabling requirements of a particular utility pole, and aligning with the void(s) of the stackable modules below.

[0183] Pole fastening apertures 1016 are located around the cable void 1014. It should be appreciated that the width and pitch circle diameter of the pole fastening apertures 1016 may be selected to suit corresponding apertures (or lugs) in a base flange of the pole. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the pole fastening apertures 1016 are slotted to allow rotation of the pole relative to the mounting frame 1002 into a desired orientation.

[0184] In use, bolts or lugs from the base flange of the pole are inserted through the pole fastening apertures 1016, and secured beneath the pole mounting plate 1004 - for example using threaded nuts.

[0185] It is envisaged that in an alternate embodiment, the base flange of the pole may be secured directly to fixing points 118 of the module 100, where the fixing points 118 are arranged in an appropriate pattern.

[0186] In another alternate embodiment, a mounting plate having upwardly directed bolts or lugs may be secured to the module 100 - whether inset into the module, or releasably secured (for example, via fixing points 118). These upwardly directed bolts or lugs may be received by the apertures in the base flange of the pole, and used to secure the pole relative to the module 100.

[0187] FIG. 11-1 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of a module 1100, in which the external perimeter 1102 is substantially hexagonal. The module 1100 includes a shear key 1104 in the shape of a hexagonal truncated pyramid extending to a top surface 1106. A triangular void 1108 extends through the centre of the module 1100, with three adjustable fasteners 200 configured to act on a pole received within the void from different directions.

[0188] FIG. 11-2 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of a module 1150, in which the external perimeter 1152 is substantially circular. The module 1150 includes a shear key 1154 in the shape of a truncated cone extending to a top surface 1156. A square void 1158 extends through the centre of the module 1150, with four adjustable fasteners 200 configured to act on a pole received within the void from different directions.

[0189] FIG. 12-1 and FIG. 12-2 illustrate another exemplary stackable module 1200 for use in a pole support system, as will be described further below. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated the stackable module 1200 has an upper surface 1202, a lower surface 1204, and four sides 1206a, 1206b, 1206c, and 1206d extending between the upper surface 1202 and the lower surface 1204. In this exemplary embodiment, the shape of the stackable module 1200 along the sides 1206a-d is substantially square, although it should be appreciated that other shapes are envisaged. A first shear key feature 1208 - a square pyramidal frustum in the exemplary embodiment illustrated - is located on the upper surface 1202, while a complementary second shear key feature 1210 is located on the lower surface 1204. A pole receiving void 1212 passes through the upper surface 1202 and the lower surface 1204 in the centre of the module 1200. Adjustable fasteners 1214a, 1214b and 1214c (for example, as described above with reference to stackable module 100) face into the pole void 1212 from the second side 1206b, third side 1206c, and fourth side 1206d respectively.

[0190] A slot 1216 extends between the pole void 1212 and the first side 1206a, to produce a general "U" shape. A first locating recess 1218a and a second locating recess 1218b are provided on opposing sides of the slot 1216, extending downwardly from the upper surface 1202. A crossmember 1220, made of square hollow section steel tube, is supported by the first locating recess 1218a and the second locating recess 1218b to extend across the slot 1216. An adjustable fastener 1222 is supported by the crossmember 1220, facing into the pole void 1212. The entrance into the slot 1216 from the first side 1206a includes chamfers 1224 on both sides.

[0191] Referring to FIG. 12-3, the crossmember 1220 includes a fastener passage in the form of a tube 1226, with a first nut 1228a and a second nut 1228b welded at the respective ends of the tube 1226. A threaded rod 1230 is provided with bearing head 1232 at a first end facing the pole void 1212, and a tool engaging portion 1234 (for example, a nut) at the distal end of the threaded rod 1230. Rotation of the threaded rod 1230 (for example, using a tool on the tool engaging portion 1234) extends and retracts the adjustable fastener 1222.

[0192] Referring to FIG. 12-4, each locating recess (for example locating recess 1218b) includes an opening portion 1236 leading from the upper surface 1202, and having a guide chamfer 1238 to assist with guiding the crossmember 1220 into the recess 1218. The opening portion 1236 leads to a locating portion 1240 distal from the upper surface 1202. A transition 1242 is provided between the opening portion 1236 and locating portion 1240 of the locating recess. In use, as the adjustable fastener 1222 is extended until it bears against a pole within the pole void 1212, the crossmember 1220 bears against a rear surface 1244 of the locating portion 1240. The transition 1242 prevents the crossmember 1220 from riding up the rear surface 1244 and out of the locating recess 1218 while the adjustable fastener 1222 is extended. Referring to FIG. 12-5, localised reinforcing 1246 is provided proximate the locating recesses 1218a andl218b, in addition to general reinforcing 1248, to assist with resisting forces applied by loading on the crossmember 1220.

[0193] FIG. 13 illustrates assembly of an exemplary pole support system 1300 utilising four stackable modules 1200a, 1200b, 1200c and 1200d. In the embodiment illustrated, the first stackable module 1200a and third stackable module 1200c are rotated 180 degrees relative to the second stackable module 1200b and the fourth stackable module 1200d - i.e. such that the slots 1216 of the first module 1200a and third module 1200c face away from those of the other modules.

[0194] FIG. 14 illustrates at alternative assembly of an exemplary pole support system 1400 utilising the four stackable modules 1200a, 1200b, 1200c and 1200d. In this embodiment, the slots 1216a-d of the modules 1200a-d are aligned - i.e. facing the same direction. While each of the modules 1200a-d are illustrated as including a crossmember, embodiments are contemplated in which this is not the case - for example, top module 1200a only, or top module 1200a and bottom module 1200d. It is envisaged that the system 1300 may be preferred in most cases, for the distribution of loading on the respective crossmembers. Flowever, it is contemplated that the system 1400 may be utilised - particularly where subjected to lighter tip loads (for example, where the utility pole is a street lighting pole).

[0195] While it is envisaged that the stackable module 1200 may be used in a system without a base type module (as illustrated in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14), FIG. 15 illustrates assembly of another exemplary pole support system 1500 utilising three stackable modules 1502a, 1502b, 1502c and a base module 1504 (i.e. not including a shear key feature on its lower surface) - each including a slot 1506a-d. In the embodiment illustrated, each of the modules are rotated by 90 degrees relative to the adjacent modules, such that none of the slots 1506a-d are aligned vertically. A utility pole 1508 is located within the pole voids of the modules 1502a-c and 1504, and secured using the respective adjustable fasteners.

[0196] The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications cited above and below, if any, are herein incorporated by reference.

[0197] Reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that that prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour in any country in the world.

[0198] Where in the foregoing description reference has been made to integers or components having known equivalents thereof, those integers are herein incorporated as if individually set forth. It should be noted that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without diminishing its attendant advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be included within the present invention.

[0199] The invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, in any or all combinations of two or more of said parts, elements or features.

[0200] Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A module for a pole support system, including: a body portion having an upper surface, and a lower surface; and a pole void between the upper surface and the lower surface, configured to receive a pole in use; wherein the upper surface includes a first shear key feature, and the lower surface includes a second shear key feature, the first shear key feature configured to interact with a second shear key feature of a further module when the further module is vertically stacked on the module in use.

2. The module of claim 1, wherein one of the first shear key feature or the second shear key feature includes a recess and the other one of the one of the first shear key feature or the second shear key feature includes a protrusion.

3. The module of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first shear key feature and the second shear key feature are configured to resist rotation of the stacked modules in use.

4. The module of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first shear key feature and the second shear key feature are configured to align the stacked modules in terms of rotation about an axis between the upper and lower surfaces.

5. The module of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first shear key feature and the second shear key feature are in the form of a square pyramidal frustum6. The module of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the edges of the first shear key feature and the second shear key are bevelled.

7. The module of any of claims 1 to 6, including at least one adjustable fastener configured to be moved between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the pole void.

8. The module of claim 7, including a plurality of adjustable fasteners positioned around the pole void.

9. The module of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the at least one adjustable fastener includes at least one linear actuator to extend through a side of the module.

10. The module of claims 7 to 9, wherein the at least one adjustable fastener includes a set screw.

11. The module of claims 1 to 10, wherein the body portion includes at least one side surface between the upper surface and the lower surface, and a slot between the pole void and the side surface, wherein the slot opens between the upper surface and the lower surface.

12. The module of claim 11, including a crossmember configured to extend across at least a portion of the slot in use.

13. The module of claim 13, including a pair of locating recesses on opposing sides of the slot, configured to receive the crossmember.

14. The module of claim 13, wherein each locating recess extends from an exterior surface of the module.

15. The module of claim 14, wherein each locating recess extends downwardly from the upper surface.

16. The module of claim 14 or claim 15, wherein each locating recess includes a first portion extending from the exterior surface, and a locating portion distal from the exterior surface.

17. The module of claim 16, wherein each locating recess includes a transition between the first portion and the locating portion, the transition requiring movement of the crossmember in at least two directions to pass between the exterior and the locating portion.

18. The module of claims 13 to 17, including localised reinforcing proximate the locating recesses.

19. The module of claims 12 to 18, wherein the crossmember includes and / or supports an adjustable fastener, the adjustable fastener being configured to be moved between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the pole void.

20. The module of claims 1 to 19, including one or more lifting anchors for use in moving the module.

21. The module of claims 1 to 20, wherein the module is made of precast concrete.

22. The module of claims 1 to 21, wherein the module weighs less than five tonnes.

23. The module of claims 1 to 22, wherein the module weighs at least one tonne.

24. The module of claims 1 to 23, wherein the minimum width of the module is one metre.

25. The module of claims 1 to 24, wherein the perimeter of the module is substantially rectangular in shape.

26. A system for supporting a pole, including: a plurality of modules as claimed in claim 1, wherein in use the plurality of modules are vertically stacked such that the second shear key feature of each module interacts with the first shear key of the module below, wherein a pole is received within the pole voids of the respective modules in use.

27. The system of claim 26, including a base module configured to be seated on a surface with the other modules stacked vertically on top of the base module, wherein the base module includes a body portion having an upper surface, and a lower surface, and at least one side surface between the upper surface and the lower surface.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein the base module includes a base pole void extending from the upper surface of the body portion towards the lower surface.

29. The system of claim 27, wherein the base module includes a secondary aperture between the base pole void and the lower surface, the secondary aperture having a smaller diameter than the base pole void.

30. The system of claims 27 to 29, wherein one of the base module and one of the plurality of modules is heavier than the other.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein the heavier of the base module and the one of the plurality of modules is made of a concrete using one of barite or iron sand as an aggregate.

32. A method of supporting a pole, including the steps of: placing a first module on a surface, the first module having a void configured to receive a pole; vertically stacking one or more further modules on top of the first module, each of the further modules including a void configured to receive the pole; and inserting a pole in an upright position through the voids in the further modules and into the void in the first module.

33. The method of claim 32, including the step of securing the pole in place by adjusting at least one adjustable fastener of each module to extend towards and bear against the pole within each void.

34. The method of claim 32 or claim 33, including supporting at least one line at a height above ground using the pole.

Images