Vehicle door opening and closing apparatus and vehicle

Abstract

A vehicle door opening and closing device, and a vehicle. The vehicle door opening and closing device comprises: a base (10), which is arranged on a vehicle body (110) and is spaced apart from a vehicle door (120); a first connecting rod (20), wherein a first end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the base (10); a second connecting rod (30), wherein a first end of the second connecting rod is hinged to a second end of the first connecting rod (20); a driving member (40), which comprises a telescopic driving rod, wherein a first end of the driving member (40) is hinged to the second connecting rod (30), and a second end of the driving member (40) is connected to the vehicle body (110); and a connector (50), wherein a first end of the connector is connected to a second end of the second connecting rod (30), and a second end of the connector (50) is hinged to the vehicle door (120). When the driving member (40) is in an extended state, the first connecting rod (20) is located on the side of the base (10) away from the vehicle door (120) and causes the vehicle door (120) to be in a closed position, and when the driving member (40) is in a retracted position, the first connecting rod (20) swings outwards relative to the base (10) and causes the vehicle door (120) to be in an opened position. By means of the device, the problems of a complex structure and inconvenient maintenance of a bottom door opening and closing device in the related art are effectively solved.

Description

Vehicle door opening and closing device and vehicle

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on November 30, 2021, with application number CN202111447690.1 and invention name “Vehicle Door Opening and Closing Device and Vehicle”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway freight cars, and in particular to a vehicle door opening and closing device and a vehicle. Background Art

[0004] The door opening and closing mechanism is a crucial component of railway freight hopper cars. Its performance impacts the vehicle's load-carrying capacity, safety, operability, and subsequent maintenance. Numerous types of door opening and closing mechanisms exist, categorized by power source: human, wind, hydraulic, electric, electromagnetic, and the vehicle's inherent inertia. Given the wide variety of available resources, designing an opening and closing mechanism that is easy to operate and saves time and effort, all while utilizing the same external force.

[0005] In the related art, the bottom door opening and closing device includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a swing arm, a bottom door opening and closing drive cylinder, and a transmission shaft. The swing arm is hingedly connected to the second connecting rod and the piston rod of the bottom door opening and closing drive cylinder, respectively. One end of the first connecting rod is hingedly connected to the second connecting rod, and the transmission shaft is connected to the second connecting rod. A first locking hook is fixedly connected to the cylinder body of the bottom door opening and closing drive cylinder, and a second locking hook that can be hooked to the first locking hook is fixedly connected to the swing arm. However, the above bottom door opening and closing device has a complex structure and is inconvenient to inspect and maintain.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a vehicle door opening and closing device and a vehicle, so as to solve the problems of the bottom door opening and closing device in the related art being complex in structure and inconvenient in repair and maintenance.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, a vehicle door opening and closing device is provided, which is arranged on a vehicle, the vehicle comprising a vehicle body and a door which can be opened and closed on the vehicle body, the vehicle door opening and closing device drives the opening and closing of the door, and the vehicle door opening and closing device comprises: a base, which is arranged on the vehicle body and spaced apart from the door; a first connecting rod, the first end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the base; a second connecting rod, the first end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the second end of the first connecting rod; a driving member, the driving member comprises a retractable driving rod, the first end of the driving member is hinged to the second connecting rod, and the second end of the driving member is connected to the vehicle body; a connecting member, the first end of the connecting member is connected to the second end of the second connecting rod, and the second end of the connecting member is hinged to the door; wherein, when the driving member is in an extended state, the first connecting rod is located on the side of the base away from the door, and the door is in a closed position, and when the driving member is in a retracted position, the first connecting rod swings outward relative to the base, and the door is in an open position.

[0009] Furthermore, the vehicle door opening and closing device also includes a support member and a limit member. The limit member is spaced apart from the base, and the support member is connected between the base and the limit member. When the driving member is in an extended state, the first connecting rod is located between the limit member and the base, and the limit member and the second connecting rod stop cooperate.

[0010] Furthermore, the second connecting rod includes a first bent rod, the first bent rod includes a first rod segment and a second rod segment, there is an angle between the first rod segment and the second rod segment, the first end of the first rod segment is hinged to the second end of the first connecting rod, the first rod segment and the second end are connected to the first end of the second rod segment, the second end of the second rod segment is connected to the first end of the connecting member, and a protrusion is provided on the first rod segment, and the protrusion cooperates with the limit member to stop.

[0011] Furthermore, the limiting member includes a cross bar and a limiting protrusion arranged at the end of the cross bar. When the driving member is in the extended state, the limiting protrusion and the protrusion stop cooperate.

[0012] Furthermore, the vehicle door opening and closing device also includes a stopper, which is arranged between the limiting member and the base. When the driving member is in the extended state, the first connecting rod and the stopper are engaged with each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the support member is telescopically arranged, and when the support member is in a retracted state, the limiting member cooperates with the second connecting rod stopper, and when the support member is in an extended state, the first connecting rod can swing.

[0014] Furthermore, the line connecting the connection point between the driving member and the vehicle body and the hinge point between the driving member and the second connecting rod is set as a preset straight line L. When the driving member is in an extended state, the hinge point between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod and the hinge point between the first connecting rod and the base are located on the same side of the preset straight line L.

[0015] Furthermore, the vehicle door opening and closing device also includes a first baffle and a second baffle arranged at intervals, the first baffle and the second baffle are arranged inside the vehicle body, an installation space is formed between the first baffle and the second baffle, and the base, the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the driving member are arranged in the installation space.

[0016] Furthermore, the first connecting rod includes a first rod body and a second rod body, the second connecting rod also includes a second bending rod, the driving member includes a first telescopic cylinder and a second telescopic cylinder, the connecting member includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, the vehicle door includes a first door and a second door that cooperate with each other, the first door is hinged to the vehicle body, the second door is hinged to the vehicle body, the first connecting rod is connected to the first door, the second connecting rod is connected to the second door, and the vehicle door is a bottom door or a side door.

[0017] Furthermore, the vehicle door further comprises a plurality of shock absorbing members, which are arranged on the first door and the second door. When the vehicle door is in the open position, the shock absorbing members are in abutment with the vehicle body.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a vehicle door opening and closing device, wherein the vehicle door opening and closing device is the vehicle door opening and closing device described above.

[0019] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, a vehicle includes a vehicle body and a door provided on the vehicle body, and a vehicle door opening and closing device is connected to the door to control the opening and closing of the door. The vehicle door opening and closing device includes a base, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a driving member, and a connecting member. The base is provided on the vehicle body and spaced apart from the door, the first connecting rod is connected between the base and the second connecting rod, and the second end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the driving member. When the driving member is in an extended state, the first connecting rod is located on the side of the base away from the door and places the door in a closed position. When the driving member is in a retracted position, the first connecting rod swings outward relative to the base and places the door in an open position. Through the above-mentioned arrangement, the opening and closing of the door can be effectively controlled, and the above-mentioned structure is simple and easy to set up, which can effectively prevent the driving member from getting stuck. Therefore, the technical solution of the present application effectively solves the problems of the bottom door opening and closing device in the related art that the structure is complex and the inspection and maintenance are inconvenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] FIG1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a vehicle door opening and closing device according to the present invention;

[0022] FIG2 shows a partial enlarged view of the position A of the vehicle door opening and closing device of FIG1 ;

[0023] FIG3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the vehicle door opening and closing device of FIG1 with the door opened;

[0024] FIG4 shows a schematic perspective structural diagram of the vehicle door opening and closing device of FIG1 ;

[0025] FIG5 shows a schematic perspective structural diagram of the first baffle and the second baffle of the vehicle door opening and closing device of FIG1 ;

[0026] FIG6 shows a control principle diagram of the vehicle door opening and closing device of FIG1 ;

[0027] FIG7 shows a schematic structural diagram of the locking device of the vehicle door opening and closing device of FIG1 ;

[0028] FIG. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention.

[0029] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0030] 10. Base; 20. First connecting rod; 21. First rod body; 22. Second rod body; 30. Second connecting rod; 31. First bending rod; 311. First rod segment; 3111. Protrusion; 312. Second rod segment; 32. Second bending rod; 40. Driving member; 41. First telescopic cylinder; 42. Second telescopic cylinder; 50. Connecting member; 51. First connecting rod; 52. Second connecting rod; 61. Support member; 62. Limiting member; 621. Cross bar; 622. Limiting protrusion; 63. Stopping member; 71. First baffle; 72. Second baffle; 110. Vehicle body; 120. Vehicle door; 121. First door; 122. Second door; 123. Shock absorber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] As shown in Figures 1 to 4 and 7, in this embodiment, a vehicle door opening and closing device is provided on a vehicle. The vehicle includes a vehicle body 110 and a door 120 that is openably and closably mounted on the vehicle body 110. The vehicle door opening and closing device drives the opening and closing of the door 120. The vehicle door opening and closing device comprises a base 10, a first connecting rod 20, a second connecting rod 30, a driving member 40, and a connecting member 50. The base 10 is mounted on the vehicle body 110 and spaced apart from the door 120. The first end of the first connecting rod 20 is hingedly connected to the base 10. The first end of the second connecting rod 30 is hingedly connected to the second end of the first connecting rod 20. The driving member 40 comprises a retractable driving rod. The first end of the driving member 40 is hingedly connected to the second connecting rod 30, and the second end of the driving member 40 is connected to the vehicle body 110. The first end of the connecting member 50 is connected to the second end of the second connecting rod 30, and the second end of the connecting member 50 is hingedly connected to the door 120. Among them, when the driving member 40 is in an extended state, the first connecting rod 20 is located on the side of the base 10 away from the car door 120, and the car door 120 is in a closed position. When the driving member 40 is in a retracted position, the first connecting rod 20 swings outward relative to the base 10, and the car door 120 is in an open position.

[0033] Applying the technical solution of this embodiment, a vehicle includes a body 110 and a door 120 mounted on the body 110. A vehicle door opening and closing device is connected to the door 120 to control the opening and closing of the door 120. The vehicle door opening and closing device includes a base 10, a first connecting rod 20, a second connecting rod 30, a driver 40, and a connecting member 50. The base 10 is mounted on the body 110 and spaced apart from the door 120. The first connecting rod 20 is connected between the base 10 and the second connecting rod 30. The second end of the second connecting rod 30 is hingedly connected to the driver 40. When the driver 40 is extended, the first connecting rod 20 is located on the side of the base 10 away from the door 120, closing the door 120. When the driver 40 is retracted, the first connecting rod 20 swings outward relative to the base 10, opening the door 120. The above arrangement effectively controls the opening and closing of the vehicle door 120. Furthermore, the above structure is simple and convenient to set up, and can effectively prevent the driver 40 from getting stuck. Therefore, the technical solution of this embodiment effectively solves the problems of the bottom door opening and closing device in the related art, such as the complex structure and inconvenient repair and maintenance.

[0034] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in this embodiment, the vehicle door opening and closing device further includes a support member 61 and a stopper 62. The stopper 62 is spaced apart from the base 10, and the support member 61 is connected between the base 10 and the stopper 62. When the driving member 40 is in the extended state, the first link 20 is located between the stopper 62 and the base 10, and the stopper 62 and the second link 30 engage and stop. The stopper 62 can limit the position of the first link 20 and the second link 30, thereby further stabilizing the positions of the first link 20 and the second link 30. Specifically, when the driving member 40 is in the extended position, the first link 20 is located inside the second link 30, and the stopper 62 and the second link 30 engage and stop, thereby ensuring the overall engagement of the first link 20 and the second link 30. This arrangement can prevent the first link 20 and the second link 30 from disengaging due to vibration during vehicle operation. The support member 61 can support the limiting member 62 , thereby making the position of the limiting member 62 more stable.

[0035] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in this embodiment, the second connecting rod 30 includes a first bent rod 31, which includes a first rod segment 311 and a second rod segment 312. The first rod segment 311 and the second rod segment 312 have an included angle therebetween. The first end of the first rod segment 311 is hinged to the second end of the first connecting rod 20, the first rod segment 311 and the second end are connected to the first end of the second rod segment 312, and the second end of the second rod segment 312 is connected to the first end of the connecting member 50. The first rod segment 311 is provided with a protrusion 3111, which engages with the limiting member 62 for a stop. The protrusion 3111 and the limiting member 62 have a good cooperation effect, which can effectively limit the position of the second connecting rod 30.

[0036] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in this embodiment, the limiting member 62 includes a crossbar 621 and a limiting protrusion 622 provided at the end of the crossbar 621. When the driving member 40 is in the extended state, the limiting protrusion 622 and the protrusion 3111 engage with each other in a stopping manner. The limiting protrusion 622 and the protrusion 3111 have a simple structure and are easy to set up. Specifically, the contact surfaces of the limiting protrusion 622 and the protrusion 3111 are both vertical surfaces, which can further enhance the stopping effect.

[0037] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in this embodiment, the vehicle door opening and closing device further includes a stopper 63, which is disposed between the limiting member 62 and the base 10. When the driving member 40 is in the extended state, the first connecting rod 20 and the stopper 63 engage and stop. The stopper 63 has a simple structure and can effectively stop the first connecting rod 20, preventing it from swinging excessively. Furthermore, because the stopper 63 can stop the position of the first connecting rod 20, it can limit the position of the second connecting rod 30, thereby ensuring that the limiting protrusion 622 and the protrusion 3111 engage and stop.

[0038] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in this embodiment, the support member 61 is telescopically arranged. When the support member 61 is in the retracted state, the limiting member 62 and the second connecting rod 30 are engaged. When the support member 61 is in the extended state, the first connecting rod 20 can swing. The support member 61 is telescopically arranged. Specifically, when the driving member 40 is in the extended state, the support member 61 is in the retracted position. At this time, the limiting member 62 can cooperate with the second connecting rod 30 to prevent the second connecting rod 30 from swinging and thus causing the vehicle door 120 to be opened. When the driving member 40 moves from the extended state to the retracted state, the support member 61 moves from the retracted state to the extended state, thereby allowing the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 30 to escape from the limiting member 62.

[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, the support member 61 is a cylinder. Of course, the support member 61 can also be a spring or other elastic structure.

[0040] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in this embodiment, the line connecting the connection point between the driver 40 and the vehicle body 110 and the hinge point between the driver 40 and the second link 30 is set as a predetermined straight line L. When the driver 40 is in the extended state, the hinge point between the first link 20 and the second link 30 and the hinge point between the first link 20 and the base 10 are located on the same side of the predetermined straight line L. This arrangement enables the first link 20 and the second link 30 to form a self-locking structure, thereby effectively preventing the first link 20 and the second link 30 from opening, thereby ensuring more stable closing of the vehicle door 120. Specifically, the hinge point between the first link 20 and the second link 30 and the hinge point between the first link 20 and the base 10 are both located below the straight line L.

[0041] As shown in Figures 1 to 5 and 7, in this embodiment, the vehicle door opening and closing device further includes a first baffle 71 and a second baffle 72 spaced apart from each other. The first baffle 71 and the second baffle 72 are disposed within the interior of the vehicle body 110, forming an installation space between the first baffle 71 and the second baffle 72. The base 10, the first connecting rod 20, the second connecting rod 30, and the driver 40 are disposed within the installation space. The first baffle 71 and the second baffle 72 divide the interior of the vehicle body 110 into two storage spaces, enabling the storage of two different types of cargo within the vehicle body 110. Furthermore, because the installation space is defined between the first baffle 71 and the second baffle 72, locating the base 10, the first connecting rod 20, the second connecting rod 30, and the driver 40 within the installation space effectively prevents the base 10, the first connecting rod 20, the second connecting rod 30, and the driver 40 from contacting the cargo, thereby preventing the cargo from impacting the base 10, the first connecting rod 20, the second connecting rod 30, and the driver 40.

[0042] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in this embodiment, the first connecting rod 20 includes a first rod body 21 and a second rod body 22, the second connecting rod 30 also includes a second bending rod 32, the driving member 40 includes a first telescopic cylinder 41 and a second telescopic cylinder 42, the connecting member 50 includes a first connecting rod 51 and a second connecting rod 52, and the door 120 includes a first door 121 and a second door 122 that cooperate with each other. The first door 121 is hinged to the vehicle body 110, and the second door 122 is hinged to the vehicle body 110. The first connecting rod 51 is connected to the first door 121, and the second connecting rod 52 is connected to the second door 122. The door 120 is a bottom door. This arrangement allows for a larger opening space for the door 120 while preventing interference between the door 120 and the railway. Because the door 120 includes the first door 121 and the second door 122 that cooperate with each other, the technical solution of this embodiment effectively solves the problem of each door being unable to open and close independently.

[0043] In an embodiment not shown in the figures, the vehicle door may also be a side door.

[0044] As shown in Figures 1 to 4 , in this embodiment, the vehicle door 120 further includes a plurality of shock absorbers 123 disposed on the first door 121 and the second door 122. When the vehicle door 120 is in the open position, the shock absorbers 123 abut against the vehicle body 110. The provision of the shock absorbers 123 prevents hard contact between the vehicle door 120 and the vehicle body 110, thereby effectively protecting the vehicle door 120.

[0045] As shown in Figures 1 to 5 and 7, in this embodiment, the specific working process is: bottom door closed - unlocked - bottom door opened - bottom door closed - locked. The principle of the vehicle door opening and closing device of this embodiment is as follows (the vehicle door is the bottom door):

[0046] When the bottom door is in the closed state, the bottom door is subjected to the gravity of the bottom door itself and the gravity of the loaded cargo. The combined force of these two gravity forces is transmitted through the first connecting rod 51 and the first bending rod 31, causing the first connecting rod 20 to tend to rotate toward the outside of the vehicle body 110. At this time, the limiting protrusions 622 on both sides of the limiting member 62 are engaged with the protrusions 3111 on the first bending rod 31, thereby inhibiting the rotation of the first bending rod 31.

[0047] If the bottom door is to be opened, the support member 61 first starts to push the limiting member 62 to move it upward until it is a certain distance away from the first bending rod 31 . At this time, the rotation of the first bending rod 31 is no longer restricted by the limiting member 62 .

[0048] After the limit member 62 is unlocked, the driving member 40 can realize two actions through the power source (gas source, hydraulic source, etc.): Action 1: retraction of the driving member 40; Action 2: rotation of the driving member 40 around its own rotation point.

[0049] After the driver 40 is unlocked, its hinge point is located below and a certain distance from the line connecting the first bent rod 31 and the hinge hole of the first connecting rod 20. The retraction force of the driver 40 only needs to overcome the eccentric torque generated by the aforementioned certain distance to achieve counterclockwise rotation of the first connecting rod 20, which is the direction in which the bottom door opens. When the aforementioned certain distance is 0, the bottom door is subjected to the weight of its own weight and the weight of the loaded cargo, causing it to open around its own rotation point to the set maximum opening. At this point, the shock absorber 123 abuts against the lower plane of the lower side beam of the vehicle body 110, acting as a limiter to prevent the bottom door from over-opening. This position is also the minimum compression position of the driver 40. This action can be referred to as "bottom door opening."

[0050] When the bottom door needs to be closed, because the hinge point of the driver 40 is above the line connecting the hinge points of the driver 40, the vehicle body 110, and the base 10, the driver 40 pushes the drive cylinder piston rod through a power source (pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.) to extend the push rod. The drive cylinder piston rod drives the first bending rod 31 and the first connecting rod 20 to rotate, which in turn drives the connecting member 50 to rotate the vehicle door 120 about its hinge point until it is fully closed. This action is referred to as "bottom door closing."

[0051] In order to lock the bottom door, a stopper 63 is provided, whose function is to cause the first connecting rod 20 to abut against the bottom door when the bottom door is fully closed, thereby achieving a state of suppressing the bottom door from continuing to close. At this time, the hinge point of the driving member 40 is below the line connecting the hinge point of the first bending rod 31 and the first connecting rod 20 (with a certain distance). Due to the existence of the above-mentioned distance, there is an eccentric torque. Since the bottom door is affected by the gravity of the bottom door itself and the gravity of the loaded goods, the first connecting rod 20 always tends to rotate clockwise, ensuring that the bottom door will not open, that is, the two bottom doors always tend to be locked.

[0052] When the bottom door is fully closed, the support member 61 retracts its own piston rod to drive the limit member 62 to move downward until the distance between it and the first bending rod 31 is eliminated. At this time, the rotation of the first bending rod 31 will be restricted by the limit protrusion 622. This action can be called: the driving member 40 is locked.

[0053] It should be noted that the above-mentioned power source is an air source, that is, the driving member 40 is a cylinder. Of course, the driving member 40 can also be a hydraulic rod or an electric push rod.

[0054] As shown in Figure 6, the vehicle door opening and closing device of this embodiment also includes a bottom door control system, the main structure of which includes a bottom door control main line, an air storage cylinder, a main control box, a bottom door opening and closing cylinder, a bottom door locking cylinder, and a manual operation control box placed on both sides of the vehicle.

[0055] Among them, the bottom door control main line runs through the vehicle, providing power source for the bottom door control system;

[0056] The air storage cylinder is placed on the branch of the bottom door control main pipeline, and is equipped with shut-off valves at the front and back to facilitate the control of the flow or cut-off of the air source. The air storage cylinder acts as a container to store energy for the bottom door control system, ensuring that there is sufficient power source to open or close the bottom door when the air source of the main control pipeline is cut off.

[0057] The main control box is placed downstream of the air storage cylinder. The box is equipped with an air source processing device, which can adjust the pressure of the air source, filter the air source, and lubricate the downstream air hole components with the oil mist device.

[0058] The main control box air source processing device has two branches, one of which is used as a power source to drive the downstream bottom door opening and closing cylinder or the locking cylinder to close, and the other is used as a control pipeline to control the manual or remote control actuators such as logic valves, reversing valves, 5-position 3-way valves, 5-position 2-way valves and solenoid valves through the pilot valve;

[0059] The manual control box is divided into two boxes, left and right, which are placed on both sides of the vehicle respectively, so that the operator can operate nearby. Each manual control box is provided with a "manual / remote control" switch button to facilitate the operator to switch the operation mode. The "manual / remote control" mode has an interlocking function, that is, in the manual operation mode, the remote control operation is in an invalid state. Similarly, in the remote control mode, the manual operation is in an invalid state. This function is to ensure that others will not cause personal injury due to misoperation. In addition, each manual control box is also provided with a locking cylinder "lock / unlock" button and a bottom door opening and closing cylinder "open / close button". In manual mode, it is used to manually control the opening or closing of the locking cylinder and the bottom door opening and closing cylinder. It is easy to operate and can reduce the labor intensity of the staff and improve work safety.

[0060] The bottom door opening and closing cylinder, located at the farthest downstream of the system, consists of two cylinders connected in series. Opening and closing the cylinders are controlled by a manually operated valve or solenoid valve. The rod end of the cylinder is connected to a balancing valve, while the rodless end is connected to a balancing valve and a pressure regulating valve. This balances the pressure on both sides of the cylinder. This ensures that when either end is connected to the air source, the cylinder opens or closes smoothly without sudden changes.

[0061] The bottom door locking cylinder is located at the downstream of the entire system and is controlled by a manual valve or solenoid valve to open or close the cylinder.

[0062] The process of the bottom door control system is described as: bottom door closed state - unlock - bottom door open - bottom door closed - locked. The details are as follows:

[0063] 1. Manual operation

[0064] The vehicle equipped with this system stops when it enters the area to be unloaded;

[0065] The operator waits in the operating area, confirms that the vehicle is in a safe state, and then puts the "manual / remote control" switch on the left or right side of the vehicle into manual mode. At this time, the control pipeline air source is connected to the manual control valve, that is, the control air source-manual operation valve-logic valve-pilot valve-manual control valve (including the bottom door unlocking cylinder manual control valve and the bottom door opening and closing cylinder manual control valve). In this state, the remote control mode should be in an invalid state;

[0066] The operator presses the "unlock" button of the bottom door locking cylinder. At this time, the air source signal pipeline is connected from the manual valve of the bottom door unlocking cylinder through the logic valve to the 5 / 2-way valve (that is, 5-position 2-way valve) - the rodless chamber of the locking cylinder, that is, the air source of the control air circuit - the manual valve of the bottom door unlocking cylinder - the logic valve - the 5 / 2-way valve - the rodless chamber of the locking cylinder. At this time, the bellows of the unlocking cylinder is pushed out, and unlocking is achieved;

[0067] The operator continues to press the "open" button of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder. At this time, the air source signal pipeline goes from the bottom door opening and closing cylinder manual valve - logic valve - 5 / 3-way valve (that is, 5-position 3-way valve) - pressure regulating valve - balancing valve - rodless chamber of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder. At this time, the bellows of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder is pushed out, and the bottom door is opened.

[0068] Similarly, when the bottom door needs to be closed, press the "Close" button of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder. At this time, the air source signal pipeline goes from the bottom door opening and closing cylinder manual valve - logic valve - 5 / 3-way valve - pressure regulating valve - balancing valve - the rod chamber of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder. At this time, the bellows of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder is retracted, and the bottom door is closed.

[0069] Continue to press the "lock" button of the bottom door locking cylinder. At this time, the air source signal pipeline is connected from the bottom door unlocking cylinder manual valve-logic valve-5 / 2-way valve-rod chamber of the locking cylinder. At this time, the unlocking cylinder bellows is retracted to achieve locking.

[0070] The above is a complete set of manual operation "bottom door closed state - unlock - bottom door open - bottom door closed - lock" process.

[0071] 2. Remote control operation

[0072] The vehicle equipped with this system stops when it enters the area to be unloaded;

[0073] The operator waits in the operating area, confirms that the vehicle is in a safe state, and then switches the "manual / remote control" switch on the left or right side of the vehicle to the remote control mode. At this time, the air supply from the control pipeline to the manual control valve is cut off, and the manual mode should be in an invalid state in this state;

[0074] The operator establishes a connection between the remote control transmitter and the remote control receiver placed on the vehicle, and presses the "unlock" button of the bottom door locking cylinder on the remote control transmitter. At this time, the air source signal pipeline is connected from the pilot valve-solenoid valve-logic valve to the 5 / 2-way valve-rodless cavity of the locking cylinder, that is, the control air circuit air source-pilot valve-solenoid valve-logic valve-5 / 2-way valve-rodless cavity of the locking cylinder. At this time, the unlocking cylinder is pushed out, and unlocking is achieved;

[0075] The operator continues to press the "open" button of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder on the remote control. At this time, the air source signal pipeline goes from the pilot valve-solenoid valve-logic valve-5 / 3-way valve-pressure regulating valve-balancing valve-rodless chamber of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder. At this time, the bellows of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder is pushed out, and the bottom door is opened.

[0076] Similarly, when the bottom door needs to be closed, press the "Close" button of the bottom door opening and closing cylinder on the remote control. At this time, the air source signal pipeline goes from the pilot valve-solenoid valve-logic valve-5 / 3-way valve-pressure regulating valve-balancing valve-bottom door opening and closing cylinder's rod chamber. At this time, the bottom door opening and closing cylinder's bellows is retracted, and the bottom door is closed.

[0077] Continue to press the "lock" button on the remote control to lock the bottom door cylinder. At this time, the air source signal pipeline goes from the pilot valve-solenoid valve-logic valve-5 / 2-way valve-rod chamber of the locking cylinder. At this time, the bellows of the unlocking cylinder is retracted to achieve locking.

[0078] The above is a complete set of remote control operation "bottom door closed state - unlock - bottom door open - bottom door closed - lock" process.

[0079] As shown in Figure 7, the vehicle door opening and closing device of this embodiment also includes a locking device, which is arranged on the vehicle body, and the locking device includes: a first fixed seat, which is fixed relative to the vehicle body; a locking arm, which is movably located on one side of the first fixed seat, and the locking arm includes a locking hook, and the locking hook has a locking position for locking the door opening and closing device and an unlocking position separated from the door opening and closing device; an elastic mechanism, which is arranged between the first fixed seat and the locking arm, and the elastic mechanism applies force to the locking arm to keep the locking hook in the locked position; a manual driving mechanism, including a driving rope or a driving rod, one end of the driving rope or the driving rod is arranged on the outer wall of the vehicle body, and the connecting part of the driving rope or the driving rod is connected to the locking arm, and the manual driving mechanism can drive the locking hook to move from the locked position to the unlocked position.

[0080] The detailed principle of the locking device is described as follows:

[0081] 1. When the vehicle is in operation or with its doors closed, the vehicle's bottom door should be closed and the lock hook in the locked position. At this point, the operating lever of the manual drive mechanism is in a horizontal position. In this position, the operating lever's rotation axis, the locking lever's axis, and the connecting rod's axis are all aligned, so the operating lever's swing is restricted by the locking element and cannot rotate.

[0082] 2. When the vehicle door needs to be opened, the locking rod is manually moved from the second locking groove to the first arc-shaped groove. At this position, the connecting rod and the locking rod are both located in the first arc-shaped groove and are on the same swing trajectory. The operating rocker can rotate counterclockwise, thereby causing the drive rope to have a downward displacement trend.

[0083] 3. As the operating lever rotates, the drive rope moves downward until the lever reaches the down position. At this point, the drive rope reaches its maximum displacement, driving the locking arm upward by a distance equal to the maximum displacement. When this displacement is reached, the lock hook enters the unlocked position. Under the influence of gravity, the locking rod falls into the first locking groove, preventing further rotation of the lever. The first locking groove acts as a limiter, effectively preventing human error.

[0084] 4. When the bottom door is closed again, manually rotate the locking rod in the first locking groove to the first arc-shaped groove. Since the elastic mechanism is in the compressed position, the operating rocker tends to rotate clockwise. As the operating rocker rotates, the drive rope moves upward until the operating rocker is in the horizontal position. At this time, the drive rope has the maximum displacement; the elastic mechanism gives the lock arm a downward force, forcing the lock arm to move downward until it is in a locked position with the lock hook.

[0085] The manual drive mechanism has a fixed-point positioning interlocking function, and its detailed principle is described as follows:

[0086] 1. The operating rocker arm of the manual drive mechanism is in a horizontal position. In this position, since the rotation axis of the operating rocker arm, the axis of the locking rod and the axis of the connecting rod are all in a straight line, the swing of the operating rocker arm is restricted by the locking member and the operating rocker arm cannot rotate.

[0087] 2. To unlock the locking element and allow the operating lever to move, manually rotate the locking lever with the retaining ring from the second locking groove into the first arcuate groove. In this position, the connecting rod and the locking lever are both located in the first arcuate groove and on the same swinging trajectory. The operating lever can rotate counterclockwise, causing the drive rope to move downward. This position is called the unlocked position of the operating mechanism.

[0088] 3. As the operating rocker arm continues to rotate, when the stop ring rises to the first locking groove position, under the influence of gravity, the locking rod with the stop ring will rotate counterclockwise around the axis of the connecting rod, and finally the locking rod falls into the first locking groove. At this time, the rotation of the operating rocker arm is restricted and stops.

[0089] As shown in FIG7 , according to another aspect of the present application, a vehicle is provided. The vehicle of this embodiment includes a vehicle door opening and closing device, which is the aforementioned vehicle door opening and closing device. The aforementioned vehicle door opening and closing device can improve door opening and closing performance and prevent the driver 40 from becoming stuck. Therefore, a vehicle equipped with the aforementioned vehicle door opening and closing device also has the aforementioned advantages. The vehicle of this embodiment is a hopper car.

[0090] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle door opening and closing device, provided on a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises a vehicle body (110) and a door (120) which is openably and closably provided on the vehicle body (110), the vehicle door opening and closing device driving the door (120) to open and close, characterized in that: The vehicle door opening and closing device comprises: A base (10) is provided on the vehicle body (110) and is spaced apart from the vehicle door (120); a first connecting rod (20), wherein a first end of the first connecting rod (20) is hinged to the base (10); a second connecting rod (30), wherein a first end of the second connecting rod (30) is hinged to a second end of the first connecting rod (20); A driving member (40), the driving member (40) comprising a retractable driving rod, a first end of the driving member (40) being hinged to the second connecting rod (30), and a second end of the driving member (40) being connected to the vehicle body (110); a connecting member (50), wherein a first end of the connecting member (50) is connected to a second end of the second connecting rod (30), and the second end of the connecting member (50) is hinged to the vehicle door (120); Wherein, when the driving member (40) is in an extended state, the first connecting rod (20) is located on a side of the base (10) away from the vehicle door (120), and the vehicle door (120) is in a closed position; when the driving member (40) is in a retracted position, the first connecting rod (20) swings outward relative to the base (10), and the vehicle door (120) is in an open position.

2. The vehicle door opening and closing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle door opening and closing device also includes a support member (61) and a limit member (62), the limit member (62) is spaced apart from the base (10), the support member (61) is connected between the base (10) and the limit member (62), and when the driving member (40) is in an extended state, the first connecting rod (20) is located between the limit member (62) and the base (10), and the limit member (62) and the second connecting rod (30) are engaged in a stop manner.

3. The vehicle door opening and closing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second connecting rod (30) includes a first bent rod (31), the first bent rod (31) includes a first rod segment (311) and a second rod segment (312), an angle is formed between the first rod segment (311) and the second rod segment (312), the first end of the first rod segment (311) is hinged to the second end of the first connecting rod (20), the first rod segment (311) and the second end are connected to the first end of the second rod segment (312), the second end of the second rod segment (312) is connected to the first end of the connecting member (50), a protrusion (3111) is provided on the first rod segment (3111), and the protrusion (3111) is engaged with the limiting member (62) in a stop manner.

4. The vehicle door opening and closing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting member (62) comprises a cross bar (621) and a limiting protrusion (622) arranged at the end of the cross bar (621); when the driving member (40) is in the extended state, the limiting protrusion (622) and the protrusion (3111) engage in a stoppering manner.

5. The vehicle door opening and closing device according to claim 2, wherein: The vehicle door opening and closing device further comprises a stopper (63), which is arranged between the limiting member (62) and the base (10). When the driving member (40) is in the extended state, the first connecting rod (20) and the stopper (63) engage in a stoppering manner.

6. The vehicle door opening and closing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support member (61) is telescopically arranged. When the support member (61) is in a retracted state, the limiting member (62) and the second connecting rod (30) are engaged in a stoppering manner. When the support member (61) is in an extended state, the first connecting rod (20) can swing.

7. The vehicle door opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein: The connection point between the driving member (40) and the vehicle body (110) and the connection point between the driving member (40) and the second link (30) are set as a preset straight line L. When the driving member (40) is in the extended state, the connection point between the first link (20) and the second link (30) and the connection point between the first link (20) and the base (10) are located on the same side of the preset straight line L.

8. The vehicle door opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein: The vehicle door opening and closing device further comprises a first baffle (71) and a second baffle (72) arranged at intervals, wherein the first baffle (71) and the second baffle (72) are arranged inside the vehicle body (110), and an installation space is formed between the first baffle (71) and the second baffle (72), and the base (10), the first connecting rod (20), the second connecting rod (30) and the driving member (40) are arranged in the installation space.

9. The vehicle door opening and closing device according to claim 3, wherein: The first connecting rod (20) includes a first rod body (21) and a second rod body (22), the second connecting rod (30) also includes a second bending rod (32), the driving member (40) includes a first telescopic cylinder (41) and a second telescopic cylinder (42), the connecting member (50) includes a first connecting rod (51) and a second connecting rod (52), the vehicle door (120) includes a first door (121) and a second door (122) that cooperate with each other, the first door (121) is hinged to the vehicle body (110), the second door (122) is hinged to the vehicle body (110), the first connecting rod (51) is connected to the first door (121), the second connecting rod (52) is connected to the second door (122), and the vehicle door (120) is a bottom door or a side door.

10. The vehicle door opening and closing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The vehicle door (120) further comprises a plurality of shock absorbing members (123), wherein the plurality of shock absorbing members (123) are arranged on the first door (121) and the second door (122). When the vehicle door (120) is in the open position, the shock absorbing members (123) and the vehicle body (110) are in abutment with each other.

11. A vehicle comprising a vehicle door opening and closing device, characterized in that: The vehicle door opening and closing device is the vehicle door opening and closing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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