Breeding method for waterfowl, especially Peking ducks

Abstract

The subject of the application is a hatching method for waterfowl, especially Pekin ducks, using the initial segregation of hatching eggs, disinfection and incubation thereof, and illuminating the eggs in order to reject unfertilized and dead eggs, as well as hatching ducklings, which consists in the initial segregation of hatching eggs - that is, rejecting eggs weighing less than 75 g or more than 110 g and eggs that are very dirty, irregularly constructed and with visible damage, and in addition, illuminating the eggs with an ovoscope lamp is carried out, during which eggs with microdamages to the shell and irregular structure of the air chamber are detected and removed, and the position of the air chamber in the egg is determined, and then the duck eggs are placed on hatching trays, preferably in a vertical position, with the air chamber facing upwards: a) in the first stage, the hatching eggs, preferably Pekin ducks, after after delivery to the Hatchery, it is subjected to dry disinfection,preferably double disinfection: first, ozonation is applied in the disinfection chamber at a working concentration of 0.5% ozone for 15 minutes, then the room with the eggs is ventilated, and then, immediately before the start of incubation, fumigation is applied, consisting in disinfection with dry fog, i.e. fumigation with a preparation containing the active substance: OrthoPhenylPhenol 20% at a concentration of 0.7g Fumagri OPP / m3, 3, for a period of up to 3 hours, wherein in preparation of the eggs for fumigation, the eggs are gradually heated, preferably to 26°C; b) subsequently, in the second stage, the hatching eggs are subjected to the incubation procedure in single-stage incubators, preferably using convection incubation, which consists in heating the eggs with air heated by electric heaters and then blowing air over the eggs; wherein there are three stages during the incubation procedure: endothermic stage - heating the eggs, neutral stage - maintaining a constant temperature, exothermic stage - cooling, wherein: the endothermic stage lasts preferably up to 6 days, at an egg incubation temperature of approx. 37.9°C, the neutral stage lasts preferably between 7 and 14 days, at an egg incubation temperature of approx. 37.6°C, the exothermic stage preferably between 15 and 24 days, wherein the incubation temperature gradually decreases in the range from 37.4°C to 37.0°C;wherein in the exothermic stage, from the 10th day once a day, from the 14th to the 24th twice a day, the eggs are cooled inside the incubators by temporarily turning off the heaters and turning on the ventilation at full power (100%) and sprinkling with water at a temperature of 16°C or lower, which allows for lowering the eggshell temperature; c) in the third stage, the following procedures are performed: illuminating the eggs, preferably on the 10th, 16th and 24th day of incubation, the purpose of which is to eliminate unfertilised eggs and eggs with dead embryos, and the procedure of transferring the eggs from the incubation trays to the hatcher baskets, which are then placed in the hatcher chamber;d) in the fourth stage of hatching, ducklings are hatched in the hatching chamber, wherein the eggs with hatching chicks and newly hatched chicks are kept in the hatching chamber preferably for 3.5 days, which is from 25 to 28.5 days of incubation, regardless of the duck line, and it is necessary to maintain the following parameters: - during the hatching process stimulation stage - the CO2 concentration in the hatching chamber is gradually increased to approx. 1%, - the relative humidity (RH) in the hatching chamber is maintained at 60-65% at T 37.0°C, excluding - the exception of the peak of hatching, i.e. the ducklings leaving their shells (the so-called "hatch window"), during which a short-term increase in RH, preferably <80%, is allowed, so as to prevent the chicks from overheating and to ensure proper yolk sac retraction and healing of the umbilicus;e) then, in the fifth stage after hatching is completed, the hatcher trolleys with the chicks are directed to the chick selection and selection hall, where the chicks received are selected and transferred to transport boxes;