Method for manufacturing a construction material

Abstract

The invention relates to a building material (S), wherein the building material (S) comprises at least cement clinker (ZK) and at least one water-hardening additive (X), wherein the at least one water-hardening additive (X) is mixed with the cement clinker (ZK) and is not a component of the cement clinker (ZK) itself. According to the invention, the at least one water-hardening additive (X) contains ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA), wherein the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) has a particle size of < 200 µm, and contains thermally incinerated municipal solid waste (H), and is not subjected to any material alteration and / or thermal treatment except during the incineration of the municipal solid waste (H) and / or after incineration and conventional processing of the municipal solid waste (H).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a building material, in particular concrete or cement, and to a method for producing such a building material.

[0002] Concrete production typically involves a mixture of mineral components, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), and a hydraulic binder, which may contain cement clinker and other additives (cement admixtures). The hydraulic binder causes the mineral components to set and harden upon the addition of water. In addition to aggregates and the hydraulic binder, concrete admixtures (less than 5% by mass of the cement content) or larger quantities of other additives may be added to the concrete to influence specific properties.

[0003] Portland cement, for example, can be used as a hydraulic binder. It consists of cement clinker and, for example, gypsum as an additional component. The cement clinker contains lime and clay-bearing raw materials that are finely ground and heated until sintering occurs. This sintered cement clinker is then finely ground again and processed into Portland cement by adding, for example, gypsum as an additional component. Gypsum serves to modify the setting time of the hydraulic binder. Other additional components include...As cement additives, granulated blast furnace slag (latent hydraulically hardening) and / or fly ash (artificial pozzolan), especially coal fly ash from combustion residues of industrial combustion plants, can be added to the already sintered and subsequently finely ground cement clinker to reduce the production costs of the hydraulic binder or to influence its technical properties. In the cement industry, such an additional cement additive can also be used, for example, as a main or minor component for composite cements.

[0004] In DE 699 16 725 T2, municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is still used to produce cement clinker. This ash is added to the sintering process along with the lime and clay-containing raw materials to allow for the recycling of the incinerated municipal solid waste. The sintering process specifically modifies the material properties of the MSWI ash, particularly to neutralize harmful materials. A disadvantage of this method is that the overall production process for cement clinker and cement as a building material is very complex, as the MSWI ash, which contains harmful materials, requires additional treatment at high temperatures.

[0005] In DE 693 06 651 T2, it is further stipulated that sewage sludge or incineration residues from municipal waste, i.e., municipal solid waste incineration ash, are melted in a melting furnace to convert them into molten slag. This initially alters the material properties of the municipal solid waste incineration ash. The cooled molten slag is then processed into an aggregate / rock material as a component of the concrete mix, for which a grinding process is provided. Here, too, the manufacturing process for the building material concrete is very complex, as the melting requires high temperatures and subsequent cooling is necessary for further processing.

[0006] German patent application DE 196 41 308 A1 proposes immobilizing pollutants in filter dust from municipal solid waste incineration by mixing the filter dust with a hydraulic binder containing cement and blast furnace slag or fly ash as additional cement additives. This assumes that the filter dust from municipal solid waste incineration has a deliberately high heavy metal content and is classified as hazardous waste. The method of processing the filter dust is not described.

[0007] German patent application DE 10 2008 004 477 A1 proposes separating municipal solid waste incineration slag delivered from a municipal solid waste incineration plant into different grain sizes by separating metallic components and sieving in a dry processing process, and then further processing in a wet processing process. This yields products from different grain sizes. Only the fine-grained sands in grain sizes 0 / 1 and 0 / 2 are subsequently ground and mixed with quicklime to produce a hydraulic binder for use as a building material, exhibiting the properties of Portland cement. The ground sands serve as a substitute for cement clinker, so that the building material (hydraulic binder) itself does not contain cement clinker.

[0008] Another process is disclosed in DE 10 2004 043 614 A9, which also describes the use of municipal solid waste as a component of the hydraulic binder used as a building material. This municipal solid waste is shredded, homogenized, and mixed with calcium-containing additives and components containing aluminum oxide before being incinerated in a waste incineration plant. After mixing the resulting municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) with framework silicates, this mixture is ground to a particle size of 0.063 mm. Fine slag from waste incineration plants or blast furnace or steelworks slag is also used. This process serves to produce a hydraulic binder for concrete production, similar to cement but without cement clinker as its main component.

[0009] This described manufacturing process for hydraulic binder as a building material aims to ensure that pollutants contained in municipal waste are incorporated into the binder and are therefore difficult to leach from the hydraulic binder and the resulting concrete, thus posing no significant risk to the environment. However, a disadvantage is that the pretreatment of the municipal waste with additives before incineration, as well as the subsequent manufacturing steps, are very complex. Existing municipal waste incineration plants must therefore be adapted to provide an additive for concrete production from the resulting incineration ash.

[0010] Based on this, the object of the invention is to provide a building material that is environmentally friendly and easy to produce. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing such a building material.

[0011] These tasks are solved by a building material and a process according to the independent claims. The dependent claims specify preferred further developments.

[0012] According to the invention, the building material, which depending on its precise composition may be in the form of a hydraulic binder, in particular cement, or in the form of concrete, including mortar / plaster, comprises, as an additive that hardens upon the addition of water, conventionally processed and ground municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) with a particle size of < 200 µm and containing (preferably only) thermally incinerated municipal solid waste, and which, apart from the incineration of the municipal solid waste or after incineration and subsequent processing of the municipal solid waste or after the municipal solid waste incineration process and subsequent processing, is not subjected to any measures that alter its material properties. The municipal solid waste is thus only incinerated during the incineration process itself and is only altered in its material properties thereby.

[0013] According to the invention, a method for producing the building material, i.e. the hydraulic binder (cement) or the concrete, including plaster / mortar, is further provided, each using the additive which hardens upon addition of water, i.e. the conventionally processed and ground municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI).

[0014] It therefore uses conventionally processed household waste incineration ash, which comes from a conventional household waste incineration process. In ground form, it is used as a concrete additive that hardens upon the addition of water, particularly alongside the hydraulic binder, especially cement, for the production of concrete, which includes plaster and mortar, as a building material, or also directly in ground form as a cement additive that hardens upon the addition of water, alongside cement clinker for the production of cement as a building material.

[0015] The respective building material therefore always contains cement clinker as a component of the hydraulic binder or cement, as well as municipal solid waste incineration ash as an additive that hardens upon the addition of water and is mixed with the cement clinker in some way in the finished building material. This is the case, for example, with concrete, especially fresh concrete, which in this case contains not only municipal solid waste incineration ash as a concrete additive that hardens upon the addition of water and the aggregate, but also cement, so that the municipal solid waste incineration ash in the finished building material "concrete" or "fresh concrete" is also mixed with the cement clinker it contains (before or at least immediately after the addition of water). In the following, it is assumed that the building material "concrete" or "fresh concrete" also includes mortar and plaster applications.Even in the case of cement as a building material, for example composite cement, the household waste incineration ash can be mixed with the cement clinker as an additive that hardens when water is added.

[0016] In this context, a concrete admixture is understood to be a substance that can be added to the aggregates (e.g., sand and gravel) and the hydraulic binder (e.g., cement), in addition to water, to influence certain properties of the concrete as a building material, such as the workability of the fresh concrete and the strength and density of the hardened concrete. In contrast to a concrete additive, the quantity added by a concrete admixture is so large that it must be taken into account when calculating the volume of the concrete, whereas concrete additives are added in such small quantities (< 5 wt.% of the cement content) that they are insignificant as a volume fraction of the concrete.

[0017] In contrast to an aggregate (rock material) of concrete, whose properties are regulated in DIN EN 12620 "Aggregates for concrete", concrete additives are subject to further requirements, which are listed elsewhere in the regulations.

[0018] A cement additive is a substance that can be added to the finished cement clinker—that is, the sintered and subsequently ground raw materials containing lime and clay—as an additional component to specifically influence the properties of the cement as a building material and hydraulic binder. The cement additive is therefore not subjected to the sintering process (rotary kiln) and thus is not thermally treated in such a way as to alter its material properties.

[0019] In principle, other raw materials can also be added to the lime- and clay-containing raw materials before sintering in order to influence the sintered cement clinker accordingly. However, these other raw materials differ from the cement additives according to the invention, which are intended to be added exclusively to the finished cement clinker.

[0020] According to the invention, conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is understood to be the processed by-product from a conventional thermal municipal solid waste incineration process, wherein the municipal solid waste incineration process initially yields crude municipal solid waste incineration ash. The crude municipal solid waste incineration ash (before processing) preferably falls under waste code AVV 19 01 12, i.e., it does not contain significant environmental pollutants. The crude municipal solid waste incineration ash preferably has a pollutant load such that it is classified in the LAGA (German Association of Waste Management Companies) installation class Z2 or lower.

[0021] In conventional processing of municipal solid waste incineration ash, it is typically removed from metallic components as well as unburned or insufficiently burned components, since conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is usually intended for environmentally sound use in earthworks and road construction or disposal in a landfill. As a result, the processed municipal solid waste incineration ash consists primarily of mineral components. The water-hardening additive (concrete or cement) is therefore composed in such a way that no harmful environmental effects result when it is present in the respective building material. Furthermore, the mineral components have a positive effect on the properties of the water-hardening additive.

[0022] The conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash, which is subsequently ground, is advantageously used as a water-hardening additive for the production of the respective building material without any further thermal treatment that would alter the material properties of the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash. Accordingly, no additional thermal treatment, such as melting or sintering of the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash, is planned. At most, the building material may be heated to, for example, 100°C as part of a drying process, but the water-hardening additive contained therein is not heated to such high temperatures (e.g., >500°C) that a material or structural change, such as demineralization, of the municipal solid waste incineration ash occurs.

[0023] This simplifies the manufacturing process of the building material and also eliminates any further environmentally harmful effects, such as the release of harmful fumes during production. Furthermore, existing conventional municipal waste incineration plants or processes preferably do not need to be adapted or expanded, as the conventionally produced processed municipal waste incineration ash can be used directly, requiring only subsequent grinding.

[0024] According to the invention, it was recognized that conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash, given its current composition, often exhibits a mineralogy such that it is suitable, even without subsequent material or structural modification, as a hardening additive in building materials when infused with water, provided it is in milled form with a particle size of < 200 µm. This means that the conventionally processed and milled municipal solid waste incineration ash is active upon the addition of water and exhibits a certain degree of strength or strength development, i.e., an increase in compressive strength over time, as well as a certain degree of dimensional stability.exhibits a harmful volume expansion over time, which, when used as a hardening additive with the addition of water, can ensure the required quality of the respective building material.

[0025] The suitability as a concrete or cement additive can therefore preferably be determined by testing the hydraulic activity and / or the strength or strength development and / or the dimensional stability of the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash. By appropriately selecting the municipal solid waste incineration ash for this high-value application, a high quality can thus be advantageously ensured.

[0026] A material suitable for incineration from municipal solid waste is generally considered to be dimensionally stable if no cracks or warping are visible on test specimens produced with the respective building material, either in the mixture with cement or binder and water, or as a fully hardened building material after a storage period of preferably 56 days. Sufficient strength development can be visually assessed if the test specimens produced with the respective building material do not fall apart after demolding and a strength test can be performed on them.

[0027] Using conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash in a building material also mitigates the problems associated with storing and disposing of the waste itself, as it can be reused in a bound, dense form (upcycling). Furthermore, ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash can completely replace at least some of the water-hardening additives otherwise used in hydraulic binders (cement) or concrete, reducing production and acquisition costs and potentially improving technical properties. For example, fly ash, particularly hard coal fly ash, can be replaced as a water-hardening additive in the respective building material by environmentally friendly and cost-effective ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash.

[0028] Furthermore, it was found that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is similar to trass (pozzolan), which may contain small amounts of gypsum. Therefore, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash can, for example, be used as a hardening additive in the respective building material, instead of trass, when mixed with water.

[0029] Furthermore, it is intended that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is hydraulically and / or latently hydraulically and / or carbonately (e.g., forming calcium carbonate upon the addition of water, which supports the hardening reaction) and / or pozzolanically. This allows the properties of the respective building material to be technically influenced after mixing with the cement clinker without significant effort. Accordingly, it can be provided, for example, that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash hardens hydraulically even without stimulation by other substances, such as trass or fly ash from hard coal, and can therefore replace such pozzolans as water-hardening additives.

[0030] Preferably, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash has a particle size of < 150 µm, in particular < 125 µm. This ensures mixing with the cement clinker and optimal setting of the resulting building material, i.e., concrete or cement.

[0031] Preferably, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash has quartz and calcite, and optionally also the corresponding high-temperature modifications, as its dominant strength-forming components, with the proportion of these two main components in the processed municipal solid waste incineration ash preferably being greater than 50%. This also allows for an influence on the environmental compatibility and the classification of the municipal solid waste incineration ash used in the LAGA installation class Z2 or less for use in the concrete industry. This composition is common for municipal solid waste incineration ash according to AVV 19 01 12 nowadays, so that no further separation or sieving processes, etc., need to be carried out, but rather the normally provided and already conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash from the municipal solid waste incineration plant can be used after checking the hydraulic activity or...after testing its suitability as a concrete or cement additive that hardens upon the addition of water.

[0032] Preferably, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash should contain no additives, such as calcium-containing or aluminum oxide-containing additives. This means that no additional substances are included as components of the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash that are introduced during the incineration process and that could influence the material properties of the ash, for example, during the combustion process. This simplifies the adjustment and modification of the material properties of the water-hardening additive. However, the material properties of the water-hardening additive may be altered by other additives or components present in the building material in addition to the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash.However, these are not part of the ground and conventionally processed household waste incineration ash, but are subsequently mixed with it and, if applicable, the cement clinker in the respective building material.

[0033] In a method according to the invention for producing a building material, in particular a building material according to the invention with an additive that hardens upon the addition of water, at least the following steps are provided: Providing at least cement clinker and, independently thereof, providing conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash from a municipal solid waste incineration process, wherein the processed municipal solid waste incineration ash comprises thermally incinerated municipal solid waste; grinding the provided conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash, preferably without adding further substances, to produce a hydraulically hardening additive, wherein the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is ground to a particle size of < 200 µm; optionally drying the provided conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash before grinding and / or optionally removing metal after grinding;Optionally, check whether the ground and / or conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is suitable as a hardening additive for the respective building material when water is added, for example by testing the hydraulic activity and / or strength and / or strength behavior and / or dimensional stability of the ground and / or conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash;and subsequent mixing of at least the cement clinker with the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash to produce the building material from a mixture of at least cement clinker and at least one additive that hardens upon the addition of water, wherein the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is not subjected to any material change other than during incineration and subsequent processing of the municipal solid waste, or is not subjected to any additional thermal treatment after the conventional municipal solid waste incineration process.

[0034] When cement, for example composite cement, is produced as a building material, in addition to the cement clinker and the ground and conventionally processed municipal waste incineration ash, other cement additives that harden upon the addition of water, e.g. granulated blast furnace slag and / or fly ash, as well as gypsum, can be added as an additional material component.

[0035] When concrete, including plaster or mortar, is produced as a building material, cement clinker is provided as a component of the finished cement. The mixture, consisting of at least cement clinker and ground, conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (a water-hardening concrete additive), is obtained by mixing the cement with the municipal solid waste incineration ash. With the addition of water, the concrete can then be finished together with other aggregates (rock aggregate) and, if necessary, further concrete additives and / or admixtures. This process initially produces fresh concrete, which still contains the cement clinker, and, after complete hardening, hardened concrete.

[0036] Preferably, the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash supplied has a particle size or particle mixture of up to 0 / 56 mm, e.g., 0 / 2 mm, 0 / 8 mm, 4 / 16 mm, or 4 / 32 mm. Therefore, no further complex screening processes are advantageously required, since the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash from a conventional municipal solid waste incineration process can normally be supplied in these particle sizes.

[0037] Preferably, the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is subjected to a further separation process, in which ground metallic components are removed. This advantageously allows for the extraction of further metallic components after grinding, which, for example, were present in the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash in varying particle sizes prior to grinding. This can potentially further increase the proportion of mineral components and thus the environmental compatibility of the water-hardening additive or the building material produced from it.

[0038] Preferably, it is also provided that the ground municipal waste incineration ash does not contain any additives that are added to the municipal waste before and / or after the municipal waste incineration process or that are added to the municipal waste incineration ash before and / or after grinding.

[0039] Preferably, the process for manufacturing the building material does not involve any wet processing; that is, after the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash from the municipal solid waste incineration process is provided, no wet processing stages are included to ensure the use of the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash for the respective building material. Instead, only dry processing takes place after the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is provided to obtain the respective building material.

[0040] The invention is described below with reference to the only Fig. 1explained in more detail.

[0041] The initial plan is to provide municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI), which is produced in a processed form during a conventional municipal solid waste incineration process in a subsequent municipal solid waste incineration plant. In the municipal solid waste incineration process, the municipal solid waste (MSF) is incinerated at temperatures of, for example, 800-1200°C, so that the combustion chamber of the municipal solid waste incineration plant initially yields crude MSF incineration ash (MSWI), which is subsequently cooled, for example, in a water bath (wet slag remover). The crude MSF incineration ash (MSWI) consists largely (> 80%) of mineral components, a small proportion (< 10%) of metallic components, and a small proportion (< 5%) of unburned or insufficiently burned components.

[0042] In a subsequent processing step, the resulting crude municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is first separated as much as possible from metallic components as well as unburned or insufficiently burned components. This is achieved, for example, through manual separation and metal separation using magnetic devices, such as magnetic and eddy current separators. The residue, thus processed into MSWI incineration ash (MSWI), is then fractionated in a subsequent screening process into particle size mixtures ranging from, for example, 0 / 32 mm to 0 / 56 mm, or into more closely graded particle sizes / mixtures, such as 0 / 2 mm, 0 / 8 mm, 2 / 8 mm, 4 / 16 mm, 4 / 32 mm, 8 / 16 mm, and 16 / 32 mm. This processed and screened municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is subsequently used as an additive X that hardens upon addition of water for the production of a building material S, e.g. concrete B, including plaster / mortar, or cement Z.This household waste incineration ash (HMVA) contains virtually no metallic components due to the processing.

[0043] For the production of the building material S according to the invention, no additional components or additives are added to the municipal waste H before the municipal waste incineration process, nor to the municipal waste incineration crude ash HMVRA before processing, nor to the municipal waste incineration ash HMVA after processing, which would alter the material composition and thus the material properties of the mineral municipal waste incineration ash HMVA. The municipal waste incineration plant and the municipal waste incineration process with subsequent conventional processing therefore do not need to be modified, so that the municipal waste incineration ash HMVA provided by a conventional municipal waste incineration plant can be used, which is normally intended for use in earthworks and road construction or for disposal in a landfill. For this purpose, the municipal waste incineration crude ash HMVRA (before processing) falls under the waste code AVV 19 01 12, i.e.It contains no significant environmental pollutants. The raw ash from municipal solid waste incineration exhibits such a pollutant load that it is classified as Z2 or lower in the LAGA installation class.

[0044] Within the scope of the invention, the household waste incineration ash obtained in this way is also referred to as conventional or "conventionally processed household waste incineration ash", which contains only incinerated household waste H and no additives to change the material properties during processing.

[0045] The conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) provided in an initial step ST0 is subjected to a grinding process in a first step ST1 of the manufacturing process for the building material S according to the invention. The conventionally processed MSWI, provided in the corresponding particle size of, for example, 0 / 4 or 0 / 32 mm, is thereby reduced to a powdery form, resulting in a ground material with cement-like fineness, i.e., with a particle size of < 200 µm according to the invention, in particular < 125 µm or even smaller. If necessary, the MSWI must be dried beforehand or subsequently freed from metallic components. Furthermore, the provided conventionally processed MSWI can also be crushed in an intermediate step before grinding, for example in a hammer mill or impact mill, to achieve a sand-like fineness.

[0046] In a test process, it can be determined before or after grinding whether the household waste incineration ash obtained in this way is suitable as an additive X that hardens upon the addition of water or not.

[0047] This allows the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) to be used as an additive X for cement Z or concrete B, including plaster / mortar, on concrete mixing or cement plants. This additive hardens upon the addition of water (hydraulically, latently hydraulically, carbonately, or pozzolanically). In a subsequent second step (ST2), the ground municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) can be mixed with at least separately supplied cement clinker (ZK), which is provided as a single component or as a component of cement Z, and possibly with other materials. This mixture (G) is then a component of the respective building material (S) to be produced.

[0048] If cement Z, for example composite cement, is produced as a building material S, in addition to the cement clinker ZK and the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash gHMVA (water-hardening cement additive XZ), other water-hardening cement additives XZ, e.g. granulated blast furnace slag and / or fly ash, as well as gypsum, can be added as an additional material component.

[0049] When concrete B is produced as building material S, cement clinker ZK is provided as a component of the finished cement Z, and the mixture G is obtained from at least cement clinker ZK and ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash gHMVA (water-hardening concrete additive XB) by mixing the cement Z with the ground municipal solid waste incineration ash gHMVA. With the addition of water, preferably at the concrete mixing plant, the concrete B can then be finished together with further aggregates and / or concrete admixtures and / or concrete additives XB, preferably at the concrete mixing plant, whereby fresh concrete is formed first and then hardened concrete.

[0050] The technical properties of the respective building material S; Z, B can be specifically adjusted by the proportion of water-hardening additives X; XZ, XB in the respective building material S; Z, B, in particular the ground municipal solid waste incineration ash gHMVA.

[0051] The municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is not subjected to any further temperature treatment step or thermal treatment after the municipal solid waste incineration process, in particular it is not sintered or melted, neither before nor after mixing with the cement clinker (CC). Therefore, in the manufacturing process according to the invention, the conventionally processed MSWI is not used in the production of cement clinker (CC), where the respective materials are heated to high temperatures in a rotary kiln. After mixing, the mixture (G) is used directly, i.e., without any further thermal treatment, as a component of the respective building material (B).

[0052] Furthermore, it is stipulated that no wet processing takes place in the process for producing the building material S; that is, after the provision of the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) from the municipal solid waste incineration process, no wet processing stages are planned to ensure the use of the conventionally processed MSWI for the respective building material S. Instead, only dry processing takes place to obtain the respective building material S.

Claims

1. Building material (S), wherein the building material (S) comprises at least cement clinker (ZK) and at least one water-hardening additive (X), wherein the at least one water-hardening additive (X) is mixed with the cement clinker (ZK) and is not a component of the cement clinker (ZK) itself, characterized by the fact that which contains at least one additive (X) that hardens upon addition of water, ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA), wherein the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) has a particle size of < 200µm, and - contains thermally incinerated municipal solid waste (H) and - is not subjected to any material change and / or thermal treatment except during the incineration of the municipal solid waste (H) and / or after incineration and conventional processing of the municipal solid waste (H).

2. Building material (S) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact thatthe ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) is hydraulically and / or latently hydraulically and / or carbonately and / or pozzolanically.

3. Building material (S) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) has quartz and calcite as the dominant strength-forming main components, wherein the proportion of the two main components quartz and calcite in the processed municipal solid waste incineration ash is preferably greater than 50%.

4. Building material (S) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) contains only thermally incinerated municipal solid waste (H) and / or at least no additives, e.g. calcium-containing or aluminum oxide-containing additives.

5. Building material (S) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) falls under the waste code AVV 19 01 12 and / or has such a pollutant load that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration crude ash (gHMVA) is classified in the LAGA installation class less than or equal to Z2.

6. Building material (S) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that The building material (S) contains no fly ash, in particular no hard coal fly ash.

7. Building material (S) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe building material (S) - cement (Z) is, in particular composite cement, comprising at least cement clinker (ZK) and ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) as a water-hardening cement additive (XZ), or - concrete (B) is, in particular fresh concrete, comprising at least cement (Z) with cement clinker (ZK), aggregates, water and at least ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) as a water-hardening concrete additive (XB).

8. A method for producing a building material (B), in particular a building material (B) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising at least the following steps: - providing at least cement clinker (CC) and, independently thereof, providing conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) from a municipal solid waste incineration process, wherein the processed MSWI comprises thermally incinerated municipal solid waste (H) (ST0); - grinding the provided conventionally processed MSWI to produce a water-hardening additive (X) (ST1), wherein the conventionally processed MSWI is ground to a particle size of < 200 µm;and - subsequent mixing of at least the cement clinker (CC) with the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) to produce the building material (S) from a mixture (G) of at least cement clinker (CC) and at least one additive (X) that hardens upon addition of water, wherein the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is not subjected to any material change and / or thermal treatment except during the incineration of the municipal solid waste (H) and / or after incineration and conventional processing of the municipal solid waste (H).

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that The conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) provided is fractionated before grinding into particle mixtures of 0 / 32 mm to 0 / 56 mm or into particle sizes of 0 / 2 mm, 0 / 8 mm, 2 / 8 mm, 4 / 16 mm, 4 / 32 mm, 8 / 16 mm or 16 / 32 mm.

10. Method according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized by the fact thatThe conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) is ground to a particle size <150 µm, in particular <125µm.

11. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized by the fact that The ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) does not contain any additives that are added to the municipal solid waste (H) before and / or after the municipal solid waste incineration process or that are added to the municipal solid waste incineration ash (HMVA) before and / or after grinding.

12. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized by the fact that the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) is not sintered or melted, in particular not heated to a temperature greater than 150°C.

13. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized by the fact that- the cement clinker (CC) is provided as a building material (S) as a component of cement (Z) in the production of concrete (B), in particular fresh concrete, so that the mixture (G) is produced from at least cement clinker (CC) and at least one water-hardening additive (X) by mixing the cement (Z) with the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) as the at least one water-hardening additive (X), and the concrete (B) is finished by adding water, and - the cement clinker (CC) is provided separately as a building material (S) in the production of cement (Z) and mixed with the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) as the at least one water-hardening additive (X).

14. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized by the fact thatin the process for producing the respective building material (S) after the provision of the conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (MSWI) no wet processing and / or only dry processing takes place.

15. Use of ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) as a concrete additive (XB) that hardens upon the addition of water for the production of concrete (B), wherein at least cement clinker (ZK) as a component of cement (Z) is mixed with the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) as a concrete additive (XB) that hardens upon the addition of water, and the concrete (B) is subsequently finished upon the addition of water, wherein the ground and conventionally processed municipal solid waste incineration ash (gHMVA) has a particle size of < 200µm and is not subjected to any material alteration and / or thermal treatment except during the incineration of the municipal solid waste (H) and / or after incineration and conventional processing of the municipal solid waste (H).