Shock-resistant ceiling system

Abstract

Shock-resistant ceiling system which is fastened to a deck of a ship, comprising a support element arranged below the deck, a flat ceiling panel arranged below the support element and extending parallel to the deck, a first vibration damping unit which connects the support element to the deck in a vertically movable direction and which has a first vertical spring stiffness and a first vertical damping, a second vibration damping unit which connects the ceiling panel to the support element in a vertically movable direction and which has a second vertical spring stiffness and a second vertical damping, wherein the first spring stiffness is higher than the second spring stiffness, the first damping is higher than the second damping.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a shock-resistant ceiling system.

[0002] Compartment walls are used on ships to separate different spaces, such as cabins or corridors, between decks and bulkheads. Compartment walls consist of thin panels that have no load-bearing properties and are only suitable for separating the different spaces from one another. Typically, a distinction is made between wall panels and ceiling panels. Ceiling panels are usually firmly attached to the wall panels. The wall panels, in turn, are firmly attached to the decks and secured to the bulkheads by vibration-isolated brackets.

[0003] However, in naval vessels, this design has the significant disadvantage that in the event of a hit and the resulting shock wave traveling through the ship, severe damage can be caused. This danger arises from the shock wave being slowed down by the internal damping within the ship's structure. However, the wall panels have a different internal damping than the rest of the ship's structure. This can result in the wall and / or ceiling panels moving at a different speed than the surrounding bulkheads and decks, colliding with them and causing severe damage to the wall and / or ceiling panels, as well as to the bulkheads and decks. As a result, falling panels can cause serious personal injuries.

[0004] Based on this, the invention is based on the object of providing a ceiling system which is protected against the effects of a shock.

[0005] The invention solves this problem by a ceiling system having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are presented in the subclaims and in the following description.

[0006] The shock-resistant ceiling system according to the invention, which is attached to a deck of a ship, comprises a support element arranged below the deck, a flat ceiling panel arranged below the support element and extending parallel to the deck, a first vibration damping unit, ∘ which connects the support element to the deck so that it can move in the vertical direction and ∘ which has a first vertical spring stiffness and a first vertical damping, a second vibration damping unit, ∘ which connects the ceiling panel to the support element so that it can move in the vertical direction and ∘ which has a second vertical spring stiffness and a second vertical damping, wherein ∘ the first spring stiffness is higher than the second spring stiffness, ∘ the first damping is higher than the second damping.

[0007] The system according to the invention simultaneously meets two requirements. On the one hand, it fulfills the typical requirements placed on a chamber ceiling in a conventional ship. On the other hand, the ceiling system according to the invention also fulfills the naval-specific requirement of being able to withstand shock loading.

[0008] For this purpose, the ceiling system features a flat ceiling panel that extends parallel to the deck. The ceiling panel limits the height of a chamber in the ship to the desired height. It also serves to conceal pipes or similar components located behind the panel, thus meeting the visual requirements of the interior of a chamber.

[0009] The ceiling panel is movably connected to the supporting element via the second vibration damping unit. The second vibration damping unit exerts a force that counteracts any relative movement between the ceiling panel and the supporting element. The force is determined, in particular, by the second vertical spring stiffness and the distance between the ceiling panel and the supporting element as a result of the relative movement. The force, in particular, is determined by the second vertical damping and the speed of the ceiling panel and the supporting element moving relative to one another. This vibration-decoupled connection reduces vibrations in the ceiling panel, especially those that occur during operation. This ensures the longevity of the ceiling panel and also reduces the resulting noise emissions.

[0010] The ceiling system according to the invention also includes the supporting element between the ceiling panel and the deck. The supporting element is connected to the deck via the first vibration damping unit. The supporting element is typically more rigid and heavier than the ceiling panel. For this purpose, it is designed, for example, as a metal support structure, for which T-beams, pipes with a round cross-section, or profile rails can be used.

[0011] During normal operation, the high first vertical spring stiffness and first vertical damping of the first vibration damping unit ensure that only minimal relative movements occur between the deck and the supporting element. The resulting forces are generated in the same way as described above for the second vibration damping unit. The minimal relative movements of the supporting element during normal operation ensure that the connection of the ceiling panel to the supporting element during normal operation is comparable to the direct connection of the ceiling panel to the deck in conventional ceiling systems. As with conventional ceiling systems, the second vibration damping unit then primarily decouples the ceiling panel from the supporting element.

[0012] In the event of a shock load, high accelerations of up to 100 g occur. The second vibration damping unit can then no longer ensure decoupling between the supporting element and the ceiling panel. Due to the significantly higher spring stiffness and higher damping of the first vibration damping unit compared to the second vibration damping unit, the first vibration damping unit can absorb the high accelerations and resulting high forces that occur during a shock load. The first vibration damping unit thus ensures that there is no collision between the deck and the supporting element. It also ensures that any vibration occurring after a shock-induced relative movement between the ceiling and the supporting element is strongly damped and subsides quickly. The first spring stiffness and first damping of the first vibration damping unit are therefore matched to the combined weight of the supporting element and the ceiling panel.The first vibration damping unit prevents damage to the ceiling system even under shock loads.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first vibration damping unit is formed by a single or multiple spring-damper elements. The number depends on the size of the ceiling system; more spring-damper elements are used for a larger ceiling system. In principle, any suitable spring-damper elements can be used for the first vibration damping unit. In particular, the use of multiple spring-damper elements allows the forces acting upon a shock load to be distributed.

[0014] According to another embodiment, the second vibration damping unit is also formed by a single or multiple spring-damper elements. The number depends on the size of the ceiling system; more spring-damper elements are used for a larger ceiling system. In principle, any suitable spring-damper elements can be used for the second vibration damping unit. In particular, the use of multiple spring-damper elements allows the forces acting on the second vibration damping unit to be distributed during normal operation.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first vibration damping unit connects the support element to the deck so that it can move in a horizontal direction and has a first horizontal spring stiffness and a first horizontal damping in the horizontal direction. The first vibration damping unit allows decoupling of the ceiling system and deck not only in the vertical direction, but also in a horizontal direction. Depending on the structural design, decoupling in the longitudinal direction of the ship and / or in the transverse direction is possible.

[0016] By decoupling the vibration damping unit in the horizontal direction, the first vibration damping unit ensures the shock resistance of the ceiling system even under shock loads that do not act exclusively in the vertical direction. This protects the ceiling system from various loads. For this purpose, the second horizontal spring stiffness and second horizontal damping of the first vibration damping unit in the horizontal direction are adjusted to the expected shock load accelerations and the weight of the ceiling system.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the first vibration damping unit comprises a single or multiple wire spring elements. A wire spring element typically comprises a spirally wound wire spring and two oppositely arranged receptacles. The wire spring is guided through holes in the receptacles. The receptacles, in turn, are connected to two objects to be decoupled—in this case, the ceiling system and the deck. The receptacles can be attached directly to these objects or indirectly via brackets, such as angle brackets.

[0018] When there is relative movement between the objects to be decoupled, the wire spring deforms. Due to the wire spring's construction of many individual, twisted wires, the deformation of the wire spring is highly damped. The wire springs can also move within their mounts, creating further damping through friction.

[0019] Due to their design, wire spring elements are capable of absorbing large forces and generating high levels of damping. At the same time, they are low-maintenance because they do not require additional oil or other viscous fluid to generate damping.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the second vibration damping unit comprises a single or multiple spacers with an elastomer element. A spacer with an elastomer element is connected to two objects to be decoupled from each other, in this case a supporting element and a ceiling panel. The elastomer element allows for damped relative movement between the objects to be decoupled. By selecting the spring stiffness and damping of the elastomer element, ceiling panel types of different weights can be connected to the deck or the supporting element.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the ceiling panel has an upper metal layer and a lower metal layer, as well as an insulation layer arranged between the upper and lower metal layers. The ceiling panel is constructed as a multi-layer panel to meet the diverse requirements placed on the ceiling panel. The outer layers are made of metal, with an insulation layer arranged between them. The insulation layer serves to dampen noise and provide thermal insulation. Other objects, such as vibration dampers, lamps, fans, etc., can be easily attached to the outer metal layers.

[0022] According to one embodiment, a ceiling panel is enclosed by an edge profile along a vertical edge. To protect the multi-layer ceiling panel and also to define its edges, one edge of the ceiling panel can be enclosed by an edge profile. The edge profile can be a metal U-profile with an opening as large as the thickness of the ceiling panel. In this configuration, the edge profile can be slid onto the edge of a ceiling profile. Other objects, such as chamber walls, can easily be attached to the edge profile.

[0023] According to one design, the supporting element is a profile rail (profile beam), in particular a C-, U-, T-, or double-T profile rail. Profile rails with various cross-sections are available in a wide range of sizes, are easy to process, have a high area moment of inertia that contributes to bending stiffness, and are easy to dimension when designing the ceiling system. Furthermore, a profile rail can be designed in such a way that it can be easily expanded with other profile rails to form a profile rail system. Such profile rails typically have a C-shaped cross-section, which further enhances their favorable processing and load-bearing properties. In particular, it is also possible to use U-shaped profile rails, double-T profile rails, T-profile rails, or even square tubes. These profiles all have a high area moment of inertia, thus achieving high bending stiffness with a low weight.

[0024] Depending on one design, the ceiling system comprises a single or multiple supporting elements. A wall system can comprise a single ceiling panel or multiple ceiling panels. A wall system can also comprise a single or multiple supporting elements. Multiple ceiling panels and / or supporting elements are required if large chambers are to be enclosed by the ceiling system. However, the use of several of the aforementioned components can also be advantageous if special requirements exist regarding the insulation properties or visual characteristics of the ceiling system.

[0025] According to one design, several support elements are connected to one another. If multiple support elements are provided, they can be connected to one another. For this purpose, they are joined, for example, by screwing, welding, or another suitable joining method. The connection of the support elements ensures that the support elements together form a system. This simplifies the design and allows larger chambers to be equipped with a ceiling.

[0026] Combined assembly of all supporting elements is also possible, simplifying installation. By selecting appropriate joining methods and using a sufficient number of supporting elements, different ceiling sizes and different load scenarios can be accommodated.

[0027] According to one embodiment, several support elements have different orientations. To provide larger compartments with a sufficient number of support elements, the support elements have different orientations. Typically, some of the support elements are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the ship, while others are arranged transversely. The differently oriented support elements together cover the entire or desired area of ​​the deck above a compartment.

[0028] According to one design, the ceiling system comprises a single or multiple ceiling panels. According to another design, multiple ceiling panels are connected. If multiple ceiling panels are provided, they can be connected to one another to create a continuous boundary within the chamber. The ceiling panels can be directly connected to one another using a suitable joining method, such as welding. However, the use of adapter plates or other, smaller intermediate profiles is also possible. In particular, the use of such additional connecting elements allows for various joining techniques, such as rivets or screws.

[0029] According to one design, two ceiling panels are connected by an elongated, flat profile filled with insulating material, with the main direction of expansion being horizontal. The elongated, flat profile connects two ceiling panels, allowing the ceiling profiles to be easily connected to each other. The profile allows for the creation of a shadow gap, thus contributing to the visual appearance of the ceiling system. To create the shadow gap, the ceiling panels are attached, for example, at a distance from one another, to the underside of the elongated, flat profile.

[0030] In addition to their aesthetic appeal, the elongated, flat profiles allow for simplified disassembly of the ceiling panels when multiple ceiling panels are present, for example, for maintenance. The ceiling panels simply need to be removed from the elongated, flat profiles. This would not be possible with a conventional ceiling construction, in which individual ceiling panels interlock to form a continuous ceiling. With such a construction, all ceiling panels would have to be removed, starting from one wall.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the second vibration damping unit is attached to elongated, flat profiles. Attaching the second vibration damping unit to the elongated profile(s) to which the ceiling panels are connected allows for simple design and manufacture of the ceiling system. The elongated, flat profiles are stiffer than the flat, larger ceiling panels, so connecting the second vibration damping unit to the elongated, flat profiles is advantageous in terms of force transmission.

[0032] According to one design, the shock-resistant ceiling system is connected to a flat wall extending perpendicular to the deck. The ceiling system serves to define a chamber's upper boundary. The wall also serves to demarcate the chamber to the sides, for example, to form corridors or shafts. As with the ceiling system, the wall provides both a visual boundary and vibration and thermal insulation. The wall can be connected directly or indirectly via an adapter or other connecting means. The connection is particularly easy to implement if the ceiling panel has an edge profile to which the wall can be attached. An adapter can be implemented, for example, as a profile into which the wall panel is inserted, or as a holder using angle brackets or other spacers.

[0033] In this document, the terms top, bottom, left, right, front, and rear refer to position and direction relative to the orientation of a vessel in which the ceiling system according to the invention is installed. The bow of the vessel is at the front and the stern at the rear. Starboard corresponds to the left and port to the right. Furthermore, the keel is at the bottom and the decks are arranged above the keel. In this context, "vertical" means from top to bottom or bottom to top, and "horizontal" is a direction perpendicular to the vertical.

[0034] Furthermore, in this document, an indefinite article refers to any corresponding object. Quantities are indicated by corresponding numerals, e.g., "a single object."

[0035] The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The figures show: Fig. 1a side view of part of the shock-resistant ceiling system, Fig. 2 a front view of part of the shock-resistant ceiling system, Fig. 3 a top view of part of the shock-resistant ceiling system Fig. 4 a side view of part of a shock-resistant ceiling system connected to a shock-resistant wall system.

[0036] Fig. 1 shows a side view of a portion of the shock-resistant ceiling system according to the invention. The upper part of the drawing shows a deck 1, to which a main frame 2 and a frame 3 are attached. Below deck 1 are the day element 4 and the ceiling panels 5.

[0037] The supporting element 4 is shown in the illustration of Fig. 1 not recognizable further supporting elements 6 (cf. Fig. 2), which are arranged transversely to the support element 4. Wire spring elements 7 are fastened to the further, transversely arranged support elements 6. The wire spring elements are also indirectly fastened to the support element 4 through the connection between the support element 4 and the support elements 6. The wire spring elements 7 are connected to the deck 1, so that the support element 4 is connected to the deck via wire spring elements 7. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the support elements 4 and the otherwise structurally identical support elements 6 arranged transversely thereto are formed by C-profile rails.

[0038] The ceiling panels 5 are connected to the elongated, flat profiles 8. Two ceiling panels 5 are screwed to the underside of each elongated, flat profile 8. A recess remains between the ceiling panels, through which the elongated, flat profiles can be seen from below. This shadow gap contributes to the appearance of the ceiling. Spacers with elastomer elements 9 are also attached to the elongated, flat profiles 8. The spacers with elastomer elements 9 connect the elongated, flat profiles 8, as well as the ceiling panels 5 attached to them, to the supporting element 4.

[0039] Because the spacers are attached to the elongated, flat profiles 8 with elastomer elements 9, disassembly of the ceiling panels 5 is simplified. These simply need to be unscrewed from the elongated, flat profiles 8. Despite the ease of maintenance, a closed ceiling is achieved. In a conventional construction, the ceiling panels 5 would have to interlock to create a closed ceiling. In such a case, disassembly would be significantly more difficult because all ceiling panels 5 would have to be removed, starting from one side, in order to replace a ceiling panel 5 or to access the room behind it.

[0040] There is free space for the coordination system between deck 1 and supporting element 4. Coordination refers to the accommodation of the cables, hoses, pipes, etc. required in the ship. Smaller parts of the coordination system, such as flexible ventilation hoses, can also be accommodated in the free space between supporting element 4 and ceiling panels 5.

[0041] The wire spring elements 7 each consist of an upper bracket 10 and a lower bracket 11 as well as a spirally wound wire spring 12. The upper bracket is L-shaped and connected to the frame 3. The lower bracket is also L-shaped and connected to a transversely arranged, not visible support element 6. The wire spring 12 connects the two brackets 10 and 11 to one another. For this purpose, the brackets each have a receptacle through which the wire spring 12 extends. During a relative movement between the support elements 4, 6 and the deck 1, the wire spring 12 is stretched or compressed. The wire spring 12 is formed from several wires twisted together. These move relative to one another when the wire spring 12 compresses or extends.As a result of compression and rebound, a high level of damping is created, so that even at high accelerations, such as those that occur during shock loading, the resulting forces are absorbed without causing a collision between the ceiling system and the deck, and the resulting vibrations quickly subside.

[0042] The spacers with elastomer element 9 are each formed from a rod 13 and an elastomer element 14. The rods 13 are connected to the support element 4. The elastomer elements 14 are connected to the elongated, flat profile 8. The elastomer elements 14 allow relative movement between the support element 4 and the ceiling panels 5 connected to the support element 4 via the elongated, flat profiles 8. The elastomer elements 14 impart damping to these movements, which means that vibrations from the ship's structure are not transmitted to the ceiling panels 5, or are transmitted only to a reduced extent. This increases the longevity of the ceiling panels 5 and reduces noise pollution in the chambers. In the event of a shock load, the spring stiffness and damping of the spacers with elastomer element 9 are not sufficient to absorb all the resulting forces. They then move approximately together with the support element 4.As previously described, the supporting element is decoupled from the deck by the wire spring elements 7 even under shock loads, so that the ceiling panels 5 are also decoupled from the shock loads.

[0043] In the background, a wall 15 can be seen, which defines the side boundaries of the chamber shown. The wall 15 is attached to support elements 4 via additional spacers with elastomer elements 16. These elements are located behind the support element 4 shown and are therefore not visible.

[0044] Fig. 2 shows a front view of a part of the shock-resistant ceiling system according to the invention. The main frame 2 and frame 3 are also shown in this view. In comparison to Fig. 1The previously not shown support element 6 can be seen. The lower brackets 11 of the wire spring elements 7 are attached to this. This view clearly shows that the wire springs 12 are spirally wound. It is also evident that spacers with elastomer elements 9 are also attached to the support element 6, to which the ceiling panels 5 are attached by means of the elongated, flat profiles 8.

[0045] In this view, a wall 15 for defining the chamber and further spacers with elastomer element 16 can also be seen in the background.

[0046] Fig. 3shows a top view of part of the shock-resistant wall system according to the invention. Again, frames 3 are visible, to which the wire spring elements 7 are attached. Also visible are the supporting elements 4 and the supporting elements 6 arranged transversely thereto. The wire spring elements 7 are attached to the transversely arranged supporting elements 6. Additionally, the elongated, flat profiles 8 and the ceiling panels 5 attached to them are attached to the supporting elements 4, 6 via the spacers with elastomer elements 9.

[0047] Fig. 4shows a side view of part of a shock-resistant ceiling system with a connection to a shock-resistant wall system. The supporting element 4 is shown again, as well as a supporting element 6 mounted transversely to it, ceiling panels 5, an elongated, flat profile 8, a spacer with an elastomer element 9, another spacer with an elastomer element 16, and the wall 17. Further details of these components are visible that are not shown in the previous figures.

[0048] It can be seen that the long, flat profile 8 is filled with insulation material 17 and is connected to the spacer with elastomer element 8 via the clamp 18 serving as the lower mount. The clamp 18 surrounds the long, flat profile 8 and is connected to the elongated, flat profile 8 on each side with screws. The elastomer element 14 is attached to the top of the clamp 18. The rod 13 is connected to the support element 4 via an upper mount 19.

[0049] The ceiling panels 5 are attached to the underside of the elongated, flat profile 8 with screws 20. For this purpose, the ceiling panels 5 have outwardly projecting profiles that are flush with the top surface of the ceiling panels 5. These profiles rest on the underside of the elongated, flat profile 8 and through which the screws 20 penetrate. The ceiling panels 5 are also filled with insulating material 21. The insulating material helps with thermal and sound insulation.

[0050] An edge profile 22 encompasses the vertical edge of the ceiling panel 5. The edge profile 22 is also riveted to the head profile 23 of the wall 15. The head profile 23 contains insulating material 24. Furthermore, the wall panel 25, which is also filled with insulating material 26, protrudes into the lower area of ​​the head profile. In the event of a shock, or even just during normal operation, relative movement between the ceiling profile 23 and the wall panel 25 is possible through the downward-facing opening of the head profile 23. The head profile 23 is a U-shaped profile with straight side walls. The straight side walls of the head profile 23 are vertically aligned and thus guide the movement of the wall panel 25 in the vertical direction. The insulating material 24 located in the head profile 23 is compressed, thereby dampening the movement of the wall panel 25.Particularly in the event of a shock, the entire vertical movement space available in the head profile 23 for the wall panel 25 can be utilized, with the insulating material 24 absorbing the resulting forces and thus preventing damage to the wall panel 25 as well as to the remaining ceiling system. Due to the described ability to withstand shock loading, the wall is also shock-resistant. Reference symbol

[0051] 1Deck 2Main frame 3Frame 4Supporting elements 5Ceiling panels 6Supporting elements 7Wire spring elements 8Elongated, flat profile 9Spacer with elastomer element 10Upper bracket 11Lower bracket 12Wire spring elements 13Rod 14Elastomer element 15Wall 16Spacer with elastomer element 17Insulating material 18Clamp 19Upper support 20Screw 21Insulating material 22Edge profile 23Head profile 24Insulating material 25Wall panel 26Insulating material

Claims

1. Shock-resistant ceiling system which is fastened to a deck of a ship, comprising a) a support element arranged below the deck, b) a flat ceiling panel arranged below the support element and extending parallel to the deck, c) a first vibration damping unit, i) which connects the support element to the deck so that it can move in the vertical direction and ii) which has a first vertical spring stiffness and a first vertical damping, d) a second vibration damping unit, i) which connects the ceiling panel to the support element so that it can move in the vertical direction and ii) which has a second vertical spring stiffness and a second vertical damping, e) wherein i) the first spring stiffness is higher than the second spring stiffness, ii) the first damping is higher than the second damping.

2. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 1, wherein the first vibration damping unit connects the support member to the deck movably in a horizontal direction and has a first horizontal spring stiffness and a first horizontal damping in the horizontal direction.

3. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first vibration damping unit comprises a single or multiple wire spring elements.

4. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second vibration damping unit comprises a single or multiple spacers with an elastomer element.

5. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ceiling panel has an upper metal layer and a lower metal layer and an insulation layer arranged between the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer.

6. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a ceiling panel is enclosed by an edge profile at a vertical edge.

7. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the supporting element is a profile rail, in particular a C-, U-, T- or double-T-profile rail.

8. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 7, which has a single or multiple support elements.

9. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 8, in which several support elements are connected to one another.

10. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 8 or 9, in which several support elements have different orientations.

11. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a single or multiple ceiling panels 12. A shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 11, wherein a plurality of ceiling panels are connected.

13. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 12, wherein each two ceiling panels are connected by an elongated, flat profile which is filled with insulating material and whose main direction of extension is horizontal.

14. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 13, wherein the second vibration damping unit is attached to elongated, flat profiles.

15. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 14, which is connected to a flat wall extending perpendicular to the deck