Drainage body

Abstract

A drainage body, which comprises a plurality of identically shaped surface units (10), i.e. a plurality of base units (11) and a plurality of cover units (12) shaped identically as the base units (11), which can be interconnected via spacer elements (20) at an assembly distance (DE), characterized in that the spacer elements (20, 20') have the shape of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid with a described cross-sectional area, which decreases with increasing distance from the surface units (10), and are arranged on the surface units (10) so that the base units (11) and the cover units (12) can be laid so that they overlap each other like bricks in a wall, and the base units (11) are displaced relative to the cover units (12) and are connected to them by means of spacer elements (20, 20') to form a drainage body, so that an assembly of three such connected units (10, 10', 10") surface can continue in an arbitrary way. The application contains 11 more patent claims.

Description

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a drainage body according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] It should be mentioned here that the invention also relates to a drainage unit consisting of a plurality of such drainage bodies, and in addition other associated means.

[0003] Surface sealing significantly worsens the groundwater balance. In addition, surface water, i.e. rainwater, must be drained and brought to treatment plants. In order to solve this problem, drainage structures are built which consist of such drainage elements. Such drainage elements! are known, for example, from the following patent documents: DE 20 2005 010 090 Ul; DE 202 21 567 Ul; DE 10 2005 056 131 Al; EP 1 260 640 Bl; DE 43 04 609 Al, EP 0 787 865 Bl; EP 09 43 737 Bl; EP 1 416 099 Bl; DE 697 00 174 T2; DE 299 24 050 Ul; EP 1 469 133 A2; EP 1 887 145 Al; EP 1 452 653 Bl. These known drainage elements or drainage systems are only of limited stability. In addition, there is a significant problem with regard to transport and storage, since the drainage units, on the one hand, should have as large an accumulation volume as possible, while on the other hand this increases the storage and stacking volume.

[0004] From DE 201 05 694 Ul a water storage and retention system is known, which is constructed from perforated boxes with side walls in the form of a truncated cone. Thanks to this, good stacking properties are ensured. However, the known system is suitable for carrying higher loads if and only if the individual elements are relatively small. In addition, it is not possible to build water-conducting units from several such water storage boxes.

[0005] Moulds or casting devices for producing water drainage systems are known from EP 0 612 888 A1. However, the process described therein is expensive and complicated.

[0006] The aim of the invention is to further improve the drainage body according to EP 1 416 099 A2, which represents the closest prior art, so as to provide greater stability, while improving transportability.

[0007] This object is achieved by a drainage body according to claim 1.

[0008] Thanks to the special design of the spacer elements, it is ensured that the surface units stand on top of each other much more stably. Thanks to this, not only is the surface higher loads can be accepted, but also higher drainage systems can be built which (among others) can accumulate larger volumes of water and which are still stable.

[0009] According to the invention, the spacer elements have essentially the shape of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid with a defined cross-sectional area, which decreases with increasing distance from the unit area.

[0010] It is particularly desirable when a plurality of surface units can be stacked so as to engage one within the other. Furthermore, by forming the surface units in such a manner, the base and the lid consist of identical structural parts, which further improves storage and transport and reduces the complexity of production.

[0011] The spacer elements are preferably designed as hollow bodies with an inner cross-section that is congruent with the outer cross-section, so that the spacer elements can be inserted into each other when stacked. Thus, the spacer elements do not fit next to each other when stacked, but rather one inside the other, so that larger groups of surface units form stable assemblies. The spacer elements are preferably designed as hollow bodies and are integrally formed with the surface units.

[0012] The spacer elements preferably have plug / socket fastening segments arranged so that they engage one inside the other in the assembled state. This leads to a further increase in the stability of the surface units stacked on top of one another. The surface units can be stacked so that they engage one inside the other, so that the assembly distance of the surface units is substantially greater than their distance in the stacked state. Alternatively, one, e.g., plug fastening segment! can also be provided in the surface units, while the other fastening segment! is located on the spacer elements.

[0013] Distant elements primarily have means for mutual locking against distant elements or for locking distant elements with surface units in the assembled state. Thanks to this, the corresponding base and its associated cover already form stable units, which can therefore be assembled into larger "double bases".

[0014] The surface units further have breakaway segments intended for forming inspection openings, wherein load-distributing elements are primarily provided for placing on the inspection opening and for carrying the cover units. In this way, even larger drainage systems can be cleaned from time to time in such a way that sludge and fine matter that prevent drainage can be washed out and sucked out.

[0015] Thanks to their conical shape, the distance elements already have a very high stability against the formation of protrusions and buckling. Primarily, distant elements on surfaces their shell have stiffening elements, which further increase the stability. In particular, the outer surfaces are designed with waves, which run parallel to the longitudinal axes of the spacer elements. Taken as a whole, this creates wavy surface units, which resemble a "pudding mold". Thanks to this, a significant increase in the stability of the spacer elements, especially against shear forces, is achieved in a simple way.

[0016] Primarily, the side walls are designed so that they can be attached to the base units and the cover units so as to connect them to each other. Accordingly, it is possible to realize structures that are completely closed all the way down to the holes for water leakage, and which can be embedded in the ground as hollow bodies.

[0017] It is particularly desirable for the side walls to have side wall supports which, after the side walls have been connected to the base units and the cover units, engage with the spacer elements to support the side walls. This transfers the forces acting on the side walls to the spacer elements, so that a stronger stiffening of the side walls can be achieved, via the existing spacer elements.

[0018] The surface units preferably have, in particular along the edges of the sides, connecting means for horizontal and / or vertical connection with other surface units and / or for mounting side walls. These connecting means are preferably designed so that, for example, two surface units can be placed on top of each other and connected to each other, so that systems of any height can be built up. Furthermore, the surface units can be connected to each other horizontally, so that surfaces of any size and shape can be built up. Finally, walls can be inserted along the edges, so that hollow bodies with a large overall volume are realized. The wall elements can also be used for stabilization in the vertical direction.

[0019] The connecting means are preferably designed in such a way that the surface units do not have protruding edges. This ensures that the systems mentioned are constructed without gaps, which improves the stability of the system.

[0020] The spacer elements can be designed as separate elements. However, the spacer elements are preferably designed as hollow bodies and are integrally formed with the surface units. This measure provides a particularly cost-effective possibility of producing drainage bodies from plastic using production methods known per se.

[0021] A plurality of additional elements are primarily provided with which the drainage bodies can be incorporated into the drainage systems. These include special covering elements, which are provided for covering the openings in the surface units. An example of this are openings in the area of ​​the supporting elements which are designed as hollow bodies. Thus, when the spacing elements which are designed as hollow bodies have openings for the passage of water which is to be drained, then They are also provided with cover elements with openings, so that the water that needs to be drained can also penetrate through these covers into the surrounding area.

[0022] It is now possible to construct individual, box-shaped drainage bodies and to assemble them into large units via their connecting means located along their edges. However, greater stability is achieved when the base units and the cover units are mounted so that they overlap each other like bricks in a wall to form a connection. For this purpose, spacer elements and / or a plug-in fastening segment! and a plug-in fastening segment! are arranged on the surface units so that the base units and the cover units can be laid on top of each other so that they overlap. It is possible for the individual units to be laid at an angle of 90°. The advantages of such a method of laying correspond to those known in the execution of building work. Such an arrangement is achieved in particular when the following rules apply: a) the cross-section of identically designed fastening segments on one half of the surface unit is made as in a mirror in relation to the diagonals of this half of the surface unit; b) the ski op of the fastening segments is designed as a mirror image with respect to the first bisector of the unit area; c) with respect to the second bisector of the unit area, the attachment segment is reversed so that it is in a mirror image position with respect to the corresponding second attachment segment.

[0023] It follows from the above that protection is also required for the drainage system that contains a multitude of drainage bodies of the type described above. This drainage system consists of base units, to which cover units are connected so that they overlap each other like bricks in a wall.

[0024] Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below on the basis of the drawings. At the same time, it shows. Figure 1 shows a horizontal projection of a unit area whose appearance corresponds to line II with pictures 2, picture 2 section of the unit area from Figure 1 along line П-II from Figure 1, Figure 3 bottom view of the surface unit from Figure 1, the appearance of which corresponds to line 1П-111 from Figure 2, Figure 4 horizontal projection of the cover for covering the opening, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, Figure 5 view of part of the wall element, Figure 6 view of the surface unit from Figures 1 to 3, the appearance of which corresponds to line VI-VI from Figure 1, Figures 7 to 9 cross-sectional views corresponding to Figure 2 of two surface units in different states, i.e. single-stacked (Figure 7) in the state immediately before mutual assembly (Figure 8) and in the mutually assembled state (Figure 9), Figure 10 enlarged view of area X from Figure 9, Figure 11 schematic view of the assembly of the covering units on the base units to form a joint, Figure 12 horizontal projection corresponding to Figure 1, but for another example of the design of the surface unit, Figure 13 side view of the load distribution element, Figure 14 bottom view of the load distribution element from Figure 13 along the line XIV-XIV from Figure 13,figure 15 a horizontal projection of one group of surface units from figure 12, which are assembled into a base unit, as well as a group of such surface units, which are assembled into a cover unit and can be placed on a base unit, , Figures 16 to 19 are schematic representations of the collapsible plug and socket fastening segments, pictures 20 and 21 two axonometric views of the following example of deriving surface units, slika22 completed drainage body for which no protection is required with two open side walls and picture 23 partially cut drainage body similar to the one in picture 22.

[0025] In the following description, the same parts and parts that function the same are designated by the same reference numerals.

[0026] The surface unit shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 is a so-called "minimal element", which as a surface unit 10 has a lattice structure, which extends from the spacer elements 20, 20' in the form of a truncated cone. These spacer elements 20, 20' have differently shaped end segments. The spacer element 20 has a plug end segment 21, while the spacer element 20' has a socket end segment 22. These end segments are dimensioned in such a way that the plug end segment 21 can be inserted into the socket end segment 22 in a snap-fit ​​manner.

[0027] Furthermore, the distal dementes 20, 20' have congruent inner and outer cross-sections which can be inserted one inside the other.

[0028] Furthermore, the surface units 10 have edges 17, which are formed continuously so that when the surface units 10 are laid down, they abut one another essentially without gaps.

[0029] In order to enable the surface units 10 lying next to each other to be connected to one another, holding grooves 41 are provided in the edge regions of the surface units, into which connecting projections 42 can be inserted (see FIG. 3). Accordingly, the connecting projection 42 in the assembled state engages in two holding grooves 41 which are adjacent to each other in two surface units 10 lying next to each other. In order to enable the two surface units 10 to be placed one on top of the other (whereby the spacer element 20 then extends in opposite directions), additional connecting projections 42 (not shown in the drawings) are shown, which have only half the cross-section of the connecting projection 42 shown here, so that the connecting projection does not then project beyond the edge 17 of the surface units 10 lying next to each other.If two such groups of surface units 10 that abut each other are to be connected to each other on all sides, then connecting protrusions are provided for this purpose, which have a height twice that of the connecting protrusions, which serve only for the "horizontal connection" of the surface units 10.

[0030] In order to be able to mount the side walls 15 (see FIG. 5), the surface units 10 have, on one side, edge grooves 16 and, on the other side, plug-in pins 44, which can be screwed into plug openings 43 of the side walls 15. The edges of the side walls 15 are shaped so that when the side wall 15 is connected to the surface unit 10, the side wall 15 does not protrude over the edge 17 of the surface unit 10.

[0031] In order to be able to close the openings 23, 23' (see FIGS. 2 and 3), covers 35 are provided (see FIG. 4).

[0032] The surface units shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, 5 and 6 are again schematically shown in cross-section in FIGS. 7 to 10 (similar to FIG. 2). In FIG. 7, two surface units 10 are inserted into each other. The resulting height Ds, or stacking height, is relatively only slightly greater than the height of the individual surface unit plus the height of the spacer elements 20, 20'.

[0033] In order to fasten two surface units 10 together to form a drainage body, one surface unit 10 is turned over in relation to the other surface unit 10, so that the arrangement / assembly shown in FIG. 8 is produced. In this case, the spacer element 20, which has a plug-in end segment 21 on its upper edge, is positioned opposite the spacer element 20', which has a plug-in end segment 22. These end segments can - like those shown in FIG. 9 - be inserted into one another, so that the surface units 10 then form, on the one hand, a base unit 11 and, on the other hand, a cover unit 12. In this case, the plug-in end segments 21 and the socket-out end segments 22 are provided with teeth 24 on one side and notches 25 on the other, which - as shown in Figure 10 - engage one inside the other, so that the base unit 11 is connected to the cover unit 12 via spacer elements 20, 20'.Thus, when the two surface units 10 are connected to each other via the spacer elements 20 and the retaining means 24, 25, they form solid bodies which are provided with stability in all directions. The assembly distance DE is considerably greater than the stacking distance Ds.

[0034] Figure 11 shows how different surface units can be assembled together to form a joint. From this view it can be seen that the covering units 12 are mounted on the base units 11, offset relative to them, so that in Figure 11 the three surface units 10, 10', 10" shown on the right, joined together in a single body (in Figure 11 it extends to the left) can be continued arbitrarily. This contributes to a significant increase in the stability of such an overall assembly.

[0035] The area unit shown in Figure 12 in a horizontal projection similar to Figure 1 differs from the previously described area unit first in that it is not a "minimum area unit", but is derived from a total of four such area units (integral).

[0036] Furthermore, in the surface unit 10 of FIGS. 12 to 14, a row of break-off segments 13 is provided, which are covered by the remaining surface unit 10 as a grid, but which can nevertheless be broken off from the surrounding material. Such openings serve as inspection openings intended for access to the interior of the drainage body. After such drainage bodies have been installed in the ground, i.e. when they are covered with a layer of soil, load distribution elements 30 are then installed, which can be placed on such broken-off break-off segments 13. These load distribution elements 30 have a tubular segment 31 which can be shortened, which can be closed at its upper end by a (not shown) conventional cover (made of cast iron), so that after removing the cover an inspection opening 34 is formed. At the lower end of the load distribution elements 30, supporting arms 32 are provided, which serve to transfer the forces acting on the upper end (i.e.on the installed cover) are transferred to as large an area as possible of the 10 surface unit.

[0037] It should be emphasized here that the previously described details, such as, for example, the connecting means 41 and 43, should also be present in the exemplary embodiments of Figures 12 to 14, although they are not shown for reasons of simplification of the illustration.

[0038] It follows from the above that by means of the surface units 10 and their spacer elements 20 presented here, arbitrary spaces and channels can be realized, which end with their outer contours only in side walls 15 (see Figure 5). When it is desirable to increase the stability of the bodies thus realized, then internal side walls can also be placed in them.

[0039] The schematic diagram of the surface unit of FIG. 12 is shown in FIG. 15. The base unit 11 is shown on the left side of FIG. 15, while the cover unit 12 is shown on the right. When the cover unit 12 is placed on the base unit 11 so that the plug-in fastening segment 21 is inserted into the plug-in fastening segments 22, a drainage body is thus formed which, due to the assembly to form a joint, is extremely stable as such without the need for additional bonding of the base unit 11 and the cover unit 12 forming the surface units 10.

[0040] Figures 16 to 19 now show various examples of how the "opposite" fastening means, i.e. the plug fastening means 21 and the socket fastening means 22, are arranged so that, on the one hand, the surface units can be formed as both base units and cover units, and on the other hand, assembly can be carried out to form a joint.

[0041] Another example of the design of a drainage body will be explained below on the basis of FIGS. 20 to 23. These drawing figures show the corresponding individual surface units or drainage bodies which are made up of individual surface units. However, it follows from the previous embodiments that such individual elements can be installed in such a way that they are connected with other individual elements to form larger drainage bodies.

[0042] The surface units or drainage bodies of FIGS. 20 to 23 differ from the previous embodiments primarily in that the spacer elements do not have smooth surfaces, but rather waves 26 or undulating surfaces of the envelope. This allows for a significant increase in stability, especially against transverse loads and against the formation of bulges or buckling.

[0043] The side walls have side wall supports 18, which in the assembled state (see figures 22 and 23) act as a support for the side walls 15 on the spacer elements. Reference is also made here to figures 8 and 9, which show in principle how such a support functions. This construction provides a significant increase in the stability of the drainage body and an increase in resistance against lateral loads.

[0044] Furthermore, it can be seen from Figures 20 to 23 that the surface units 10 and the side walls 15 are designed as honeycomb bodies and that good water permeability, on the one hand, and high stability, on the other hand, are achieved. The surface units 10 and the side walls 15 only have the above-described breaking segments 13, through which pipe connections can be made or inspection openings can be made. Callsign list

[0045] 10 area units 11 base units 12 coverage units 13 segment for breaking 15 side wall 16 edge groove 17 edges 18 side wall bracket 20, 20' spacer 21 plug-in fastening segments 22 socket retaining segment 23.23' opening serration notch corrugated stiffening part load distribution element tubular segment supporting arm inspection opening cover holding groove connection outlet plug-in opening plug-in pin mounting distance stacking distance

Claims

Patent claims 1. A drainage body, comprising a plurality of identically shaped surface units (10), i.e. a plurality of base units (11) and a plurality of covering units (12) shaped identically as the base units (11), which can be interconnected via spacer elements (20) at an assembly distance (DE), indicated by, which the distance elements (20, 20') have the shape of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid with a described cross-sectional area, which decreases with increasing distance from the surface units (10), and are placed on the surface units (10) so that the base units (11) and the covering units (12) can be laid so that they overlap each other like bricks in a wall and the base units (11) are displaced relative to the covering units (12) and are connected to them by means of the distance elements (20, 20') to form a drainage body, so that the slope of the three thus connected surface units (10, 10', 10") can be continued in an arbitrary manner.

2. Drainage body according to claim 1, indicated by, which The spacer elements (20) are designed as hollow bodies and are formed integrally with the surface units (10).

3. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which the surface units (10) can be stacked so that they are identically oriented and engage one another, so that the mounting distance (DE) of the surface units (10) is substantially greater than their mutual distance (Ds) in the stacked state.

4. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which distance elements (20) and / or surface units (10) have plug-plug-fastening segments (21, 22) which are arranged so that the corresponding complementary fastening segment! (21, 22) mutually engage one inside the other in the assembled state.

5. Drainage body according to claim 4, indicated by, which corresponding mutually complementary fastening segments (21, 22) are placed on the unit (10) of the surface so that the following rules apply: a) the assembly of identically designed fastening segments (21, 22) on one half of the unit (10) of the surface is made as in a mirror in relation to the diagonals of this half of the unit (10) of the surface; b) the assembly of fastening segments (21, 22) is performed as in a mirror in relation to the first bisector of the unit (10) of the surface; c) in relation to the second bisector of the unit (10) of the surface, the assembly of fastening segments (21, 22) is reversed so that it is in a mirror position in relation to the corresponding second fastening segment (21, 22).

6. Drainage body according to one of requirements 4 or 5, indicated by, which the fastening segments (21, 22) have means (24, 25) for locking the opposing distance elements (20) and / or for locking the distance elements (20) with the surface units (10) in the assembled state.

7. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which The surface units (10) have breakaway segments (13) intended to form an inspection opening (34) and which are provided with a load-distributing element (30) for placing on the inspection opening (34) and for carrying the covering units (12).

8. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which The spacer element (20, 20') has stiffening elements on the surfaces of its shell, in particular wavy stiffening parts (26) intended for stiffening against the formation of protrusions and buckling.

9. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which side walls (15) are provided and are designed so that they can be attached to the base units (11) and the cover units (12) so as to connect them to each other.

10. Drainage body according to claim 9, indicated by, which the side walls (15) have side wall supports (18), which, after connecting the side walls (15) to the base units (11) and the cover units (12), are engaged with the spacer elements (20, 20'), primarily at their ends, in order to support the side walls (15).

11. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which surface units (10) especially along the edge of the sides have connecting means (41, 43) for horizontal and / or vertical connection with other surface units (10) and / or for mounting side walls (15).

12. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by covering elements (35) intended for covering the openings in the surface units (10) in the area of ​​the spacer elements (20).