RAPID RESET OF A PARTIALLY INSULATED SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET

Claims

1. A magnetic system with a high-temperature superconductor (HTS), containing a HTS excitation coil and a power source, wherein The HTS excitation coil contains a plurality of turns containing HTS material and a metal stabilizer; an electrically conductive material that connects the turns so that current can be distributed between the turns through the electrically conductive material; the power supply is designed with the ability to: during loading of the HTS excitation coil, apply the first current to the HTS excitation coil; during unloading of the HTS excitation coil, apply a second current to the HTS excitation coil, opposite in direction to the first current.

2. A magnetic system with high-temperature superconductors according to claim 1, containing a superconductivity breakdown detection system configured to detect superconductivity breakdown in a high-temperature superconducting material and / or to detect conditions likely to cause superconductivity breakdown in the high-temperature superconducting material; wherein the power supply is configured to discharge the HTS excitation coil in response to the detection of a superconductivity breakdown or conditions likely to cause a superconductivity breakdown by the superconductivity breakdown detection system.

3. A magnetic system with high-temperature superconductors according to paragraph 1 or 2, wherein the second current is direct current.

4. A magnetic system with high-temperature superconductors according to paragraph 1 or 2, wherein the second current is a combination of direct and alternating currents, so that the current changes sinusoidally with an average value opposite in sign to the first current, and a period less than the time constant of the high-temperature superconductor excitation coil.

5. A HTS magnetic system according to any preceding claim, wherein the power supply comprises a four-quadrant power supply unit (PSU).

6. A magnetic system with high-temperature superconductors according to claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the power supply comprises a single-quadrant power supply unit (PSU) and a capacitor, wherein the single-quadrant PSU is configured to supply a first current, and the capacitor is configured to supply a second current.

7. A magnetic system with high-temperature superconductors according to any one of paragraphs 1-6, wherein the power source is configured to supply a second current to one of detection of superconductivity failure in a predetermined section of the HTSC excitation coil; detection of a specific temperature at a predetermined section of the HTS excitation coil; detecting that the magnetic field generated by the magnet has decreased below a threshold value; and detecting that the current in the HTS material of the HTS excitation coil has decreased below the threshold value.

8. A high-temperature superconductor magnetic system according to any preceding claim, wherein the power source comprises a feedback system configured to control the current supplied to the magnet depending on one or more of: current in the HTS material of the magnet; temperature of the HTS excitation coil; and magnetic field of the HTS excitation coil.

9. A magnetic system with a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC), containing a HTS excitation coil and a power source, wherein The HTS excitation coil contains a plurality of turns containing HTS material and a metal stabilizer; an electrically conductive material that connects the turns so that current can be distributed between the turns through the electrically conductive material; the power supply is designed with the ability to: during loading of the HTS excitation coil, apply the first current to the HTS excitation coil; during unloading of the HTSC excitation coil, apply a second current to the HTSC excitation coil, which has the same direction as the first current and is less than the current in the HTSC material of the excitation coil.

10. A magnetic system with high-temperature superconductors according to claim 9, wherein the second current is a combination of direct and alternating currents, so that the current changes sinusoidally with an average value greater than zero and less than the first current and a period less than the time constant of the high-temperature superconductor excitation coil.

11. A magnetic system with a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC), containing a HTS excitation coil and a power source, wherein: The HTS excitation coil contains: a plurality of turns containing HTS material and a metal stabilizer; an electrically conductive material that connects the turns so that current can be distributed between the turns through the electrically conductive material; the power supply is designed with the ability to: supply direct current to the HTS excitation coil; supply an alternating current to the HTS excitation coil in addition to the direct current in order to heat the excitation coil, wherein the alternating current has a period less than the time constant of the excitation coil and a magnitude less than the direct current.

12. A tokamak comprising a magnetic system according to any preceding claim, wherein the HTS excitation coil of the magnetic system is one of a toroidal field excitation coil or a poloidal field excitation coil of the tokamak.

13. A proton beam therapy (PBT) device comprising a magnetic system according to any one of paragraphs 1-10, wherein the HTS excitation coil of the magnetic system is one of: excitation coils of the accelerator of the PLT device; two-pole or four-pole magnet of the proton beam control system of the PLT device.

14. A method for unloading an excitation coil with a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC), wherein the HTSC excitation coil comprises a plurality of turns containing an HTSC material and a metal stabilizer, and an electrically conductive material connecting the turns so that current can be distributed between the turns through the electrically conductive material, wherein the method comprises supplying a second current to the HTSC excitation coil opposite to the first current flowing in the HTSC material.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the second current is applied in response to detection of a superconductivity breakdown or conditions likely to cause a superconductivity breakdown in the HTS excitation coil.

16. The method according to paragraph 14 or 15, wherein the second current is supplied to one of: detection of superconductivity failure in a predetermined section of the HTSC excitation coil; detection of a specific temperature at a predetermined section of the HTS excitation coil; detecting that the magnetic field generated by the magnet has decreased below a threshold value; and detecting that the current in the HTS material of the HTS excitation coil has decreased below the threshold value.

17. The method according to any one of paragraphs 14-16, wherein the second current is a combination of direct and alternating currents, such that the current varies sinusoidally with an average value opposite in sign to the first current and a period less than the time constant of the HTS excitation coil.

18. A method for unloading an excitation coil with a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC), wherein the HTSC excitation coil comprises a plurality of turns containing an HTSC material and a metal stabilizer, and an electrically conductive material connecting the turns so that current can be distributed between the turns through the electrically conductive material, wherein the method comprises supplying a second current to the HTSC excitation coil, which is less than the first current flowing in the HTSC material.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the second current is a combination of direct and alternating currents, such that the current varies sinusoidally with an average value greater than zero and less than the first current and a period less than the time constant of the HTS excitation coil.

20. A method for heating a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) excitation coil, wherein the HTS excitation coil comprises a plurality of turns comprising a HTS material and a metal stabilizer, and an electrically conductive material connecting the turns so that current can be distributed between the turns through the electrically conductive material, wherein the method comprises supplying a combined direct and alternating current to the HTS excitation coil.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the direct current is equal to the current in the HTS material of the HTS excitation coil.