METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC WOUND PROCESS USING A LASER SOURCE FOR PROCESSING BIOLOGICAL TISSUES AND A SYSTEM FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Claims

1. A method for treating a chronic wound process using a laser source for processing biological tissues, based on the use of a pulsed erbium laser, the optical waves of which are converted into heat and lead to the following changes in biological tissues: at a temperature of up to 45° - to edema, up to 60° - to the formation of a coagulation zone, at 100° - to dehydration, at 150° - to carbonization with the formation of a charring zone, at 300° and more - to evaporation of tissues or ablation, which allows the use of the laser as a surgical scalpel, characterized in that, based on the observed picture of the defect in biological tissues caused by the wound and the condition of the wound, the most suitable low-frequency pulsed mode for the formation of optical waves, the repetition rate of optical pulses and their length are selected, whereby an increase or decrease in the power of the emitted energy transmitted to the affected tissues is provided in the nanosecond range,which would correspond to the planned treatment strategy, while in order to increase the selectivity of laser exposure, ensuring protection of surrounding healthy tissues from it, special attachments are used that form an aperture of optical radiation and allow for targeted concentration of the light flux, ensuring the possibility of its use in the form of an "optical surgical scalpel" and, conversely, scattering, causing point microablation with minimal surface damage, while additionally using the mode of converting an optical wave into a mechanical one, which propagates deep into the tissue, causing spatially modulated ablation, the appearance of which is associated with the effects of microexplosions occurring on the surface of the substrate, resulting in increased activation of enzymes, the activity of neutrophils, microphages and fibroblasts, improving the conditions of microcirculation in the affected area, facilitating the penetration of drugs to greater depths, which, ultimately,promotes rapid wound healing, 2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the disadvantages that arise when using the main erbium laser, the procedure of application of which is not bloodless, stimulates melanocytes to synthesize additional melamine, which leads to hyperpigmentation of the entire treatment area, are compensated for by the advantages of using an additional neodymium laser with an optical wavelength of 1064 nm, which effectively seals vessels, which replaces the main erbium laser in the system.

3. The method according to paragraphs 1 and 2, characterized in that pulses with a highly stable repetition rate are formed, which are used as a synchronizing sequence when combining streams of optical pulses of the main and backup lasers, repeating at the required time intervals (Tc), while the moments of radiation of the additional laser are shifted in time relative to the pulses of the main laser by half a period (Tc): Tc / 2, as a result of which the simplest method of combining into a single stream of light pulses of erbium and neodymium lasers is implemented: one of the light semi-streams of pulses related to the first of the lasers is transmitted during the pauses between adjacent pulses studied by the second laser, while the power and exposure time are selected based on the requirements that ensure an effective and at the same time gentle treatment process with respect to adjacent biological tissues.

4. A system implementing the proposed method, consisting of the presence of several laser radiation sources that meet modern requirements with selected different wavelengths, the laser radiation sources are connected electrically and hydraulically by means of a switching system with power, cooling and control units located in the selected housing, while the laser radiation sources are made in the form of separate external laser modules connected to the housing through a detachable docking unit and a fiber-optic cable connected by means of a unified connector to specialized optical attachments and tips.

5. The system according to paragraph 4, implementing the proposed method, characterized in that the optical attachments use different apertures for forming optical radiation, the selection of which ensures the best access to the affected biological tissues and the desired conditions of action on them, taking into account the maximum protection from damage to adjacent healthy cells, while the optical tips must protect the optical waveguide and optical attachments from contact with the biological tissue being treated and the soot and evaporation products that appear in this case, also when using laser radiation in the scalpel mode, the use of attachments is aimed at the appearance of a “cutting” side surface, which is absent with the generated direct-flow optical radiation.

6. The system according to paragraph 4, implementing the proposed method, which consists in that the quantron of the laser radiation source, including a pump lamp placed inside a cylindrical reflector, on the inner surface of which an active element is applied, is connected to the expanded tank of the cooling system through the input and output pipes, which, together with the light guides, are connected to the corresponding outputs of the output connector, located on the rack of the universal laser medical system, to which the corresponding input connector for connecting the handpiece is also connected, to the output of which the communication cable of the handpiece is also connected, ending with a small-sized emitter of a laser light flux, to the output connector of which a replaceable specialized nozzle is connected, selected in accordance with the adopted treatment plan.