SYSTEM FOR SUBMERSIBLE ACTUATING OF A BLOWOUT PREVENT USING HYDRAULIC AND / OR ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for direct subsea actuation of a drawer of a BOP (18) by means of a closed hydraulic circuit, by actuating an electric motor (1) which, by means of a coupling (3) and a speed reducer (2), actuates a linearly static concentric spindle (4) and a nut (5), connected to a plate (7), which converts the rotary movement of the motor into a linear movement transferred by means of piston rods (9) to a plunger (10), according to a logic of opening and closing the drawers of the BOP (18) by transferring hydraulic fluid to the BOP, while the purely electromechanical system has the same concept, but with rods (9) connected to a secondary plate (20), in turn connected to the preventer by the drawer rod (23), performing the linear movement directly on said drawer.

Description

“SYSTEM FOR UNDERWATER ACTUATION OF BLOWOUT PREVENTER USING HYDRAULIC AND / OR ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY” INTRODUCTION

[0001] This invention patent relates to a system for activating a Blowout Preventer, hereinafter referred to as a BOP, using electromechanical and / or hydraulic transmission means, actuating the BOP slide rod itself, thereby increasing equipment reliability when using an electromechanical transmission system directly connected to the BOP slide rod. When using a hydraulic system, the system is closed upon actuation by connecting the electromechanical transmission system rod to a hydraulic cylinder piston, forming a single device, with the hydraulic unit submerged. FIELD OF INVENTION

[0002] The present invention has its field of application in ultra-deep offshore operations, which can reach 4,000m of water column. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Currently, BOP blowout preventers operate in a multiplexed / hydraulic manner, utilizing complex systems involving valves, pumps, hydraulic fluids, shuttle valves, and control and function monitoring systems. Because it is a vital safety device for well drilling operations, the BOP has redundant systems to increase its operational reliability. This involves the use of hydraulic accumulators located within the equipment, directly impacting its dimensions and mass.

[0004] There are several BOP models on the market that feature hydraulically actuated ram preventers and annular preventers. Preventers are the main components of a BOP and must follow a series of technical requirements and best practices to ensure well safety. The main manufacturers of BOP preventers are: Shaffer® (National Oilwell Varco), Cameron, and Hydril® (GE Oil & Gas). Although there is currently a range of rams that vary according to the type of application (onshore and offshore), internal diameter dimensions, and working pressures, the models that are usually used in drilling offshore wells were considered for the research, in general, they have an internal diameter of 18.3 / 4” and working pressures of 10,000psi to 20,000psi.

[0005] These devices operate by applying hydraulic fluid pressure to a double-acting cylinder, which moves a piston, which in turn pushes or returns the ram, thus actuating it. During normal operation, this fluid is supplied by the platform to recharge the accumulators. In emergencies, the BOP uses only the hydraulic fluid accumulators to perform essential operations in the event of an emergency disconnection, for example. While electric BOPs and their preventers are not yet commercially available, some work has already been developed by international companies, the main inventors being Electrical Subsea & Drilling® and Noble Drilling Services INC®. STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

[0006] The current state of the art anticipates some patent documents dealing with electromechanical blowout preventers, such as US20150008000, entitled "POWER ACTUATOR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SUBMERGED USE AT PETROLEUM EXPLOITATION" - which activates a shear ram or similar device in a submerged system, such as a Blowout Preventer, used in oil exploration. It features an electric motor coupled to a set of spindle-and-nut planetary screws to transmit rotary motion into linear motion. This allows the movement of four flanges, which are in turn connected to a plate and a central shaft connected to the BOP ram, opening and closing it. The aforementioned document features several moving parts, which, to a certain extent, increases its volume, construction complexity, and susceptibility to unscheduled maintenance.Furthermore, this previous document required the development of a set of solutions to allow the use of a single spindle concentrically positioned with the system's cylinder, using radial rods instead of a rod axially positioned on the plate, directly impacting the system's dimensions. The need for elements. mechanical transmission components, such as gears, increase the chances of equipment failure related to these items.

[0007] Document WO2016053111, entitled "BLOW-OUT PREVENTER," discloses a new type of BOP for pipe shearing, not the development of a new electromechanical actuator. This document addresses the different shapes of the moving plate parts. Thus, document WO2016053111 focuses on describing a blowout preventer device and its constituent elements, not a BOP actuator system. Furthermore, the gears shown in these patents are all integral to the BOP, meaning they completely replace all existing BOPS.

[0008] The document authored by Beal and others (BEAL, VE; CLARO, RT; DE MELO ARAÚJO, M.; COLOMBO, D.; SOUZA, MS Challenges for the Development of New Bop Generation. Offshore Technology Conference 2019. OTC-29680-MS. Brazil, 29-31 October. 6p.) does not reveal any technological solution, it only presents the challenges and a suggestion for a life cycle analysis regarding the drawbacks of BOP technology developments.

[0009] Document US20120312548, titled "IN-BORE BLOWOUT PREVENTER METHOD AND APPARATUS," is intended for low-complexity BOPs, although this definition is unclear. The document describes a method, a system, and equipment. It describes several previous BOP blade designs and the well construction process. The document addresses automatic BOP operations for production trees in a low-cost environment and also reports the closure of production lines by compressing springs when the nominal shut-in pressure is exceeded, likely to protect downstream production equipment due to a production platform failure, similar to a DHSV (Dow Hole Safety Valve). Regarding the drilling BOP, it discusses a spring mechanism that would be integral to the drill string, apparently like a sub, which would automatically isolate the well annulus.Please note that this document does not apply to the BOP itself, but rather to the drill string. However, the application does not. describes how the seal will be guaranteed between the sub and the previous casing and between the sub and the open well formation.

[0010] Document CN111441737, entitled “DOUBLE-ROTARY-BARREL DOUBLEPLUNGER SLIDING KEY TYPE SHAFT-PLUG CORE THREE-IN-ONE BLOWOUT PREVENTER” is a utility model of a BOP, and does not disclose an electromechanical and / or hydraulic system for driving the BOP.

[0011] EP2812530, entitled "DEVICE IN A SUBSEA ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR AND METHOD FOR USE OF A SUBSEA ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR" - deals with an electric annular preventer. It claims an electromechanical actuator for subsea use, aimed at petroleum activities. It consists of an electric motor, including a stator and rotor that move the actuator element between two positions. It can be used as an annular preventer, connector, or even as a linear actuator.

[0012] The above document requires significantly more space to implement the concept than the presented concept. Furthermore, it requires more in-depth intervention in the equipment currently in use, including the BOP body, complicating a potential retrofitting process. The electric preventer exposed in document W02017120101A1, entitled “PRESSURE ASSISTED MOTOR OPERATED RAM ACTUATOR FOR WELL PRESSURE CONTROL DEVICE” concerns the use of two electric motors coupled to a worm gear type system, where the axes are perpendicular and the rotation is transmitted through gears, allowing the rotary movement to be transformed into linear movement, transmitting movement to the drawer. Compared to the above document, the main advantage lies in the axial arrangement of the elements of the concept proposed here, which has as its main characteristic a significantly reduced required space compared to this prior art. Furthermore, by having a direct connection from the motor to the spindle, without the use of gears or additional transmission elements, the probability of failure of these elements, which could be catastrophic for the system, is eliminated.

[0013] US20120234117, titled "SUBSEA ELECTRIC ACTUATORS AND LATCHES THEREOF," shows an electric actuator consisting of an electric motor, gearbox, and reduction gears, transmitting rotational motion into linear motion through a telescopic drive. It also includes spring-loaded return.

[0014] There is also a preventer on the market called K-BOS, which uses a pyromechanical system to actuate. The patents found for this product are described below. It has unique characteristics that differentiate it from any other material currently on the market. It has an asymmetrical structure. It is capable of immediately shearing and sealing everything in the well, using the kinetic energy generated by explosives through a controlled detonation.

[0015] Document US8567427B1, titled "Blowout preventers using plates propelled by explosive charges," refers to the concept of a single-block BOP with only one cavity, containing a blade coupled to a plate, which in turn is coupled to an explosive charge capable of moving it when triggered. A cavity on the opposite side of the blade holds the ram in the required position, in addition to locking and sealing the passage of fluids from the well.

[0016] Document CN109138898 entitled “Blowout preventer shearing blade based on cumulative blasting cutting” - deals with a shearing drawer embedded with explosives in a waterproof compartment, using components to ensure a safe and controlled explosion.

[0017] In the two previous documents, only one closing operation is possible, requiring the BOP to return to the surface to carry out the necessary maintenance and reactivation for new operation, leading to high resource consumption and greater equipment unavailability during operation.

[0018] Document US20150198004 entitled “ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR FOR A BLOWOUT PREVENTER” ~ deals with an electromagnetic actuation method, having magnets arranged along a portion of the opposing rods and housings to the actuation hole. These sets of magnets would be responsible for transforming the energy of the magnetic field generated by electromagnets to move the drawer.

[0019] In addition to actuators and electric motors, a material has been discovered that can be used in the BOP to close the drawers. Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is an alloy that can deform when subjected to temperature variations. Because of this characteristic, nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys have gained attention in offshore fields, as they exhibit excellent mechanical and electrical properties and high corrosion resistance.

[0020] During research on memory alloys, patent document US9127696, titled "Shape memory alloy powered hydraulic accumulator," was found. This document is associated with a hydraulic assembly consisting of a fluid storage accumulator with a piston and a plurality of shape memory alloy wires configured to perform axial movement of the piston within the cylinder. It also has a controller configured to adjust the amount of electrical current supplied to the wires.

[0021] Patent document AU2013343453, titled "Subsea actuating device and system for actuating hydraulically operated well tools," relates to a subsea actuating device for operating tools or functions using hydraulic fluid. It comprises a fluid-filled cylinder, a piston, an electric motor, a drive shaft, and a transmission element. This system is connected to a system for converting rotary motion into linear motion. This converter may include a planetary roller screw. The main difference from the device presented in this document is the arrangement of the transmission elements. In this case, because the screw is responsible for the linear displacement of the system, more space is required for it to move linearly, thus making the device potentially longer. The other significant difference is the piston rod.In the case of the patent under analysis, the spindle is the system's own rod, using a system of. A hollow tube-type transmission runs from the reducer to the nut to perform the rotary motion. This nut, supported by bearings, converts the rotary motion of the reducer into linear motion of the spindle. DISADVANTAGES OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

[0022] In short, the state of the art presents the most preponderant technical disadvantages and limitations: • The use of hydraulic systems as they are currently used in BOPs leaves the equipment susceptible to a very high probability of leaks, due to the numerous hydraulic connections, lines, valves, and other components. The biggest problem currently encountered is precisely that these leaks can culminate in system operational failure, putting at risk not only the well's integrity, but also the platform itself and its occupants, as well as the environment itself; • The equipment currently in use has a poor reliability record, which is another drawback. Furthermore, installation, deinstallation, and maintenance times and costs are high. This slower and more costly maintenance results in low equipment availability. Combined with the relatively low operational reliability, the risks involved are high, leading to a need to improve the technology used in the equipment. • By removing the hydraulic system from the platform, installation and deinstallation time is saved, as well as problems caused by leaks in this system are eliminated. Using a closed hydraulic system, the likelihood of leaks is much lower, increasing the equipment's operational reliability due to the use of a much smaller number of components. Using the equipment without the hydraulic system, connected directly to the BOP ram, eliminates all hydraulic components from the drive system, also increasing the equipment's operational reliability; • The system developed with only a single spindle / nut assembly aims to reduce the system's moving parts, improving both the size and reliability of the equipment, as there are fewer components likely to malfunction. A set of solutions was necessary to allow the spindle to be used concentrically with the system's cylinder, using radial rods instead of an axially arranged rod on the plate, directly impacting the system's dimensions. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the number of hydraulic components of the system currently used in the BOP, or reduce them in the case of using the electromechanical system associated with a hydraulic system, while maintaining its main structures through retrofitting;

[0024] The objective of the present invention, in the case of adopting a completely electromechanical solution, is to eliminate the hydraulic systems from the system, and consequently the problems related to them, mainly leaks in the hydraulic lines and connections, which can lead to the loss of equipment functions;

[0025] The objective of the present invention, as a consequence of the use of a closed hydraulic system, is to eliminate the need for hydraulic lines leaving the platform to the equipment, which ends up directly impacting the assembly of the riser, currently the main reason for the long installation and uninstallation time of the BOP at the wellhead;

[0026] The objective of the present invention is to increase the reliability of the equipment through the use of components and equipment with greater operational reliability, in addition to the reduction and / or elimination of hydraulic components and systems. ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0027] In short, the invention claimed here has the following most preponderant advantages: • Significant reduction and / or elimination of hydraulic system connections and components; • High rate of reuse of the current BOP structure (retrofitting); • Greater system reliability; • Easier maintenance, due to the significant reduction of system components, both in the purely electromechanical system and in the hybrid system; • Installation of equipment at the wellhead is facilitated by eliminating hydraulic lines from the platform to the equipment via risers; • Elimination of the facilities required on the platform for controlling, mixing, pumping and monitoring the hydraulic fluid used in the BOP. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0028] This patent application concerns a direct subsea actuation system on the BOP (Blowout Preventer) drawer, either by means of a closed hydraulic circuit through the connection of the rod of the electromechanical transmission system to a piston of a hydraulic cylinder or in a constructive variation with purely electromechanical technology.

[0029] The electromechanical system features a simple design that increases equipment reliability by eliminating hydraulic components currently used in the BOP. This simplifies the system and utilizes more reliable electromechanical components and equipment. Furthermore, it significantly impacts the riser assembly and disassembly process, as the rigid hydraulic lines (rigid conduits) currently running from the platform to the equipment will no longer be required. The numerous surface hydraulic accumulators and submerged accumulators currently used in the oil industry will also no longer be necessary, as demonstrated here in the prior art.

[0030] The electromechanical system consists of an electric motor associated with a coupling to transmit rotation to a speed reducer, which is then associated with a spindle. This spindle, associated with a nut, associated with a plate, it will transform the rotary motion of the screw into linear motion of the nut, pushing a set of rods, in turn fixed to the aforementioned plate. These rods, also screwed to a second plate, will transfer the linear motion of the plate to a rod, which is directly connected to the BOP slide, moving it and consequently shearing and / or closing the well.

[0031] In cases where the BOPs cannot be completely replaced, or the operator intends to use the same measurement units as the original BOP system, the system described above is associated with a hydraulic actuator, which acts as a driving piston, generating hydraulic power in a communicating vessel system, thus hydraulically closing the blowout preventer. The hydraulic configuration is recommended for situations where complete removal of the hydraulic system is not possible for any reason. In this case, the equipment is connected to the BOP actuators via hydraulic lines, transferring fluid from the corresponding chambers in these two actuators. The system operates similarly to a positive displacement pump.

[0032] In the above configuration, the system's rods are connected to a piston housed in a hydraulic cylinder. This piston pushes hydraulic fluid, transferring it through hydraulic lines to the BOP actuator currently used in the oil industry (state of the art). Any linear motion generated by the spindle / nut movement will be transmitted directly to the piston, consequently transferring fluid to the BOP preventer's hydraulic actuator. DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0033] The invention will be described below in its embodiment, and for better understanding, references will be made to the attached drawings, in which the following are represented: FIGURE 1: Perspective view of the system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and / or electromechanical energy, hydraulic configuration. FIGURE 2: Exploded perspective view of the system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and / or electromechanical energy, hydraulic configuration. FIGURE 3: Side cross-sectional view of the system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and / or electromechanical energy, hydraulic configuration. FIGURE 4: Perspective view of the system for subsea blowout preventer actuation using hydraulic and / or electromechanical energy, hydraulic configuration showing use in a BOP. FIGURE 5: Perspective view of the system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and / or electromechanical energy, electromechanical configuration. FIGURE 6: Side cross-sectional view of the system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and / or electromechanical energy, electromechanical configuration. FIGURE 7: Perspective view of the system for subsea blowout preventer actuation using hydraulic and / or electromechanical energy, electromechanical configuration showing use in a BOP. DETAILED TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] “SYSTEM FOR UNDERWATER ACTUATION OF BLOWOUT PREVENTER USING HYDRAULIC AND / OR ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY”, deals with a system of direct underwater actuation on the BOP drawer (18) by means of a closed hydraulic circuit, through the actuation of an electric motor (1) that, by means of coupling (3) and speed reducer (2), actuates a concentric spindle (4), linearly static, and a nut (5), connected to a plate (7), which transforms the rotary movement of the motor into linear movement passed through piston rods (9) to a plunger (10), following a logic of opening and closing the BOP drawers (18) through the transfer of hydraulic fluid to the BOP preventer, while the purely electromechanical system presents the same concept, however with rods (9) being connected to a secondary plate (20), in turn connected to the preventer through the drawer rod (23), performing the linear movement directly in this drawer (24).

[0035] More particularly, the system for subsea BOP actuation (18), in hydraulic configuration (X) consists of a drive subsystem (A) compatible with the subsea environment, composed of an electric motor (1), a speed reducer (2) and a coupling (3) (Figure 2); a transmission subsystem (B) composed of a concentric spindle (4), a nut (5), a radial support bearing (6), a thrust bearing (19), a plate (7) and a spindle casing (8) and finally a hydraulic subsystem (C) composed of the piston rods (9), a plunger (10), a primary cylinder (11), a return line (12), an advance line (13), seals (14), casing covers (15), an advance chamber (16) and a return chamber (17).

[0036] The hydraulic system operates when a platform actuator is used to use any BOP preventer (18). A PLC (programmable logic controller) sends a command signal to one or more inverters and / or softstarters, activating the electric motor (1) and initiating its operation. When the electric motor (1) rotates, its shaft, which is connected to the speed reducer (2) via a coupling (3), will rotate, and through its reduction ratio, it will multiply the torque and reduce the rotation speed, according to the activated preventer. In a preferred assembly, the speed reducer (2) is planetary, in order to make the system more compact. The concentric spindle shaft (4) will be connected directly to the output of the speed reducer (2), which may have different connections, such as keys, splined shaft, connecting sleeve, etc. Consequently, all rotational movement will be transferred to the concentric spindle (4).The concentric spindle (4) is supported by the radial bearing (6) and is axially fixed by thrust bearings (19). Due to this arrangement, the concentric spindle (4) will be linearly fixed, allowing only its rotation, and all reaction loads generated in the system will be supported by the thrust bearings (19), in order to protect the rest of the system. From the rotary movement of the concentric spindle (4), this movement will be transmitted to the nut (5), due to the existence of a coupling similar to that of a screw and nut. It is important to emphasize that a. The nut (5) is fixed in relation to its rotary movement, allowing it to move linearly as the concentric spindle (4) rotates. Since the nut (5) is fixed to the plate (7) by screws, this linear movement is transferred from the nut (5) to the plate (7). Since the plate (7) is coupled to the piston rods (9), the linear movement generated by the nut (5) is transmitted directly to the hydraulic subsystem (C) through said rods. (9) of the piston. These piston rods (9) are arranged radially, so that there is no interference with the center of the plate (7) where the concentric spindle (4) is located. This allows the system to be more compact. At this moment, the mechanical energy of the linear movement is transformed into potential energy in the hydraulic subsystem (C), since the piston rods (9) are coupled to the piston (10), which in turn, when actuated, will push the hydraulic fluid out of the primary cylinder (11), transferring this fluid through the advance line (13) to the corresponding advance chamber (16) in the BOP hydraulic actuator (18). At the same time, hydraulic fluid will be admitted to the primary cylinder (11) through the return line (12), since the fluid will be transferred from the corresponding return chamber (17) in the BOP hydraulic actuator (18) to the primary cylinder (11), characterizing a closed hydraulic system. The piston rods (9) will be sealed, so that fluid from the hydraulic chamber does not leak into the spindle casing (8). After transferring the necessary volume of fluid to fill the advance chamber (16) of the BOP hydraulic actuator (18), the system will continue to be “forced” to move until reaching the necessary actuation pressures for the BOP rams (18). When these pressures are reached, the system can be shut down, since the transmission subsystem (B) is self-locking due to the use of concentric spindles (4). Furthermore, when the ram actuation is finished, it will be locked using the same locking mechanism currently in the BOP actuator (18), since there will be no modification to this equipment.

[0037] After the well control equipment has been activated or when the preventer's functional test is completed, it will be necessary to return it to continue the activities carried out in the well, whether drilling or maintenance. In this case, the platform will be activated to open the preventer: the electric motor (1) will receive a command signal to operate in reverse rotation, which will make the entire system operate exactly as explained above, but with its movement reversed. Once opened, the system will be ready to operate again when needed.

[0038] The purely electromechanical actuation system presents the same concept described above, obviously without the hydraulic subsystem (C) and with the addition of some components such as, for example, the secondary plate (20) and the respective casing (21).

[0039] The purely electromechanical system (Y) operates identically to the hydraulic system. When actuated on the platform, a command signal will be sent from the PLC to the frequency inverter and / or softstarter, which will control the operation of the electric motor (1). This electric motor (1), as already mentioned, is associated through the use of a coupling (3) to a speed reducer (2). In one form of implementing the invention, preferably, the coupling (3) is of the elastic type and the speed reducer (2) is planetary. The concentric spindle (4) is connected to the speed reducer (2) through its shaft end, which can be splined, keyed, or using another known connection form. Thus, it is possible to infer that, when the electric motor (1) performs the rotational movement, this will be transmitted to the concentric spindle (4).To allow its rotation, this concentric spindle (4) is supported by at least one radial bearing (6). Furthermore, it is axially fixed in both directions through the use of thrust bearings (19). These thrust bearings (19) are responsible for supporting all the loads involved in the equipment's operating principle, in addition to allowing the concentric spindle (4) to rotate under high axial load. The concentric spindle (4) is connected to a nut (5), this being a planetary roller nut (5) in a preferred configuration. Because they have a nut and bolt type connection, the rotary movement of the concentric spindle (4) is transformed into linear movement of the nut (5). This nut (5) is coupled through. screws to a plate (7), which in turn, unlike the concept presented previously, is associated through the rods (9) of the plate to a secondary plate (20), and not to a piston (10) of a hydraulic cylinder. As this secondary plate (20) is connected to the rod (23) of the slide, any and all linear movement performed by the concentric spindle (4) / nut (5) assembly will be transmitted, as explained, to the slide (24) of the BOP (18), performing its linear displacement and consequently closing the well, having the capacity to cut any pipe present in the well, if necessary. The covers (15) of the casings close and preserve the internal system of the equipment, together with the casings (8) of the concentric spindle (4) and the secondary plate (20). The cover (25) of the BOP (18) is intended to connect the system directly in the position where the hydraulic system of the BOP (18) is currently installed.

[0040] To open the well, after operating conditions return to normal, the PLC will send a signal again for the system to operate. In this case, the electric motor (1) will operate in reverse rotation, as will the entire system. After opening, the equipment will be available to perform other operations, if necessary.

Claims

1. A system for subsea actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and electromechanical energy, characterized in that it comprises a drive subsystem compatible with an underwater environment and comprising an electric motor (1), the shaft of which is connected to a gearbox (2) via a coupling (3), wherein a concentric screw shaft (4) is connected directly to the output of the gearbox (2), wherein the concentric screw (4) is supported by a radial bearing (6), and is fixed in the axial direction by means of axial bearings (19), wherein as a result of the rotational movement of the concentric screw (4) this movement is transmitted to a nut (5), wherein the nut (5) is attached by means of screws to a die (7), with the transmission of linear movement thereto, and the die (7) is connected to piston rods (9), due to which the linear movement created by the nut (5) is transmitted directly to the hydraulic subsystem (C),wherein said piston rods (9) are connected to the plunger (10)., 2. A system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and electromechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the gearbox (2) is a planetary gearbox.

3. A system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and electromechanical energy according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the concentric spindle (4) is fixed relative to its linear movement, ensuring the possibility of only rotational movement of said spindle.

4. A system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and electromechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston rods (9) are arranged radially so that there is no undesirable interaction between said rods and the center of the ram (7), where the concentric spindle (4) is located.

5. A system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and electromechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized by the conversion of the mechanical energy of linear motion into potential energy in the hydraulic subsystem (C).

6. A system for subsea actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and electromechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that when the plunger (10) is actuated, the said plunger pushes hydraulic fluid out of the main cylinder (11), transferring it through the supply line (13) to the corresponding supply chamber (16) of the hydraulic drive of the BOP (18), at the same time, the hydraulic fluid will enter the main cylinder (11) through the return line (12), since the said fluid will be transferred from the corresponding return chamber (17) of the hydraulic drive of the BOP (18) to the main cylinder (11), which is characteristic of a closed hydraulic system.

7. A system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and electromechanical energy according to claim 6, characterized in that the piston rods (9) have a seal.

8. A system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and electromechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that after supplying the required volume of liquid to fill the feed chamber (16) of the hydraulic drive of the BOP (18), the system will continue to perform a “forced” movement until the required operating pressures of the BOP pushers (18) are reached.

9. A system for underwater actuation of a blowout preventer using hydraulic and electromechanical energy according to claim 8, characterized in that when the specified pressures are reached, the system can be switched off, since the transmission subsystem (B) is self-locking due to the use of concentric spindles (4).

10. A system for subsea actuation of a blowout preventer using electromechanical energy, characterized in that it comprises a drive subsystem compatible with an underwater environment and comprising an electric motor (1), the shaft of which is connected to a gearbox (2) via a coupling (3), wherein a concentric screw shaft (4) is connected directly to the output of the gearbox (2), wherein the concentric screw (4) rests on a radial bearing (6), and is fixed in the axial direction by means of axial bearings (19), wherein as a result of the rotational movement of the concentric screw (4) this movement is transmitted to a nut (5), wherein the nut (5) is attached by means of screws to a die (7), with the transmission of linear movement thereto, and the die (7) is connected to piston rods (9), which, in turn, are also connected to an auxiliary die (20) of a fully electromechanical system (Y), due to which the linear movement created by the nut (5),will be transmitted directly to the fully electromechanical system (Y)., 11. A system for subsea actuation of a blowout preventer using electromechanical power according to claim 10, characterized in that the auxiliary ram (20) is connected to the valve stem (23), wherein any linear movement performed by the concentric screw (4) / nut (5) assembly will be transmitted to the valve (24) of the BOP (18), ensuring its linear movement and, therefore, closing the well.