METHOD FOR SEPARATION OF A MULTI-COMPONENT MIXTURE AND A COLUMN WITH A TRANSVERSE THERMAL GRADIENT

Claims

1. A method for separating a multi-component mixture, including the formation of steam, the introduction of a steam mixture into a housing, causing it to rotate relative to the vertical axis of an axisymmetric housing, the creation of a radial pressure and temperature gradient, the removal of high-boiling and low-boiling components of the mixture, the introduction of phlegm, characterized in that the housing of the column contains annular recesses on the outer wall that divide the housing into sections, the multi-component mixture and phlegm in the form of steam are introduced tangentially into a group of annular recesses and thereby their flow is swirled relative to the vertical axis of symmetry, the outer wall of the column is cooled and part of the high-boiling components of the steam are condensed on the outer wall of the column, where the condensate film flows into the annular recesses, partially evaporates, and partially, together with the cooled steam of the high-boiling components of the mixture, in the form of microdroplets of condensate is moved to the bottom of the column,the steam is heated on the inner wall of the column and the low-boiling components of the steam are moved to the top of the column, a transverse toroidal vortex of steam is formed, the evaporation-condensation is repeated, the composition is separated along the height of the column and removed, then the pressure of the low-boiling components of the steam is increased, some of them are condensed and removed in the form of a low-boiling product, the other part in the form of phlegm in the vapor phase is returned and mixed with the input multi-component mixture and together, they are introduced tangentially into a group of annular recesses of the body, which improves the separation process.

2. A device for separating a multi-component mixture, which comprises a column body, a device for preparing and forming the vapor of the mixture to be separated, a device for introducing vapor, devices for removing low-boiling and high-boiling components of the mixture, a device for introducing phlegm, characterized in that the column body comprises inner and outer walls, heating devices are located on the inner wall, cooling devices are located on the outer wall, the body of the outer wall is sectioned by annular recesses that contain tangentially oriented nozzles for creating a rotational movement of the vapor of the multi-component mixture to be separated and phlegm in the vapor phase, outside the column body, the device for removing low-boiling components of the mixture comprises a compressor and a pipeline for returning phlegm - a portion of the low-boiling components of the mixture to the input of the vapor introduction device and a pipeline for removing the other portion of the low-boiling components of the mixture into a condenser as a product.