Liquid converter of gravity and atmospheric pressure into mechanical energy - Agashkov Hydrogenerator

Claims

1. An atmospheric gravity hydrogenerator comprising at least one working column made in the form of a vertical cylinder, inside which a massive piston with sealing elements is placed, dividing the internal volume of the column into an upper air cavity and a lower liquid cavity, hydraulically connected through a controlled drain valve with a turbine connected to an electric generator, wherein the turbine outlet is hydraulically connected to a lower collector-receiver made in the form of a sealed container with a conical confuser collecting liquid from all modules in the drain phase and equalizing the flow pressure before entering the pneumatic cylinders-recuperators, at least one auxiliary hydraulic cavity filled with liquid and communicating through a controlled check valve with the lower liquid cavity of the working column, and an open atmospheric reservoir with liquid, communicated with the auxiliary hydraulic cavity,wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the auxiliary hydraulic cavity is at least twice the cross-sectional area of ​​the working string, and the liquid level in the atmospheric reservoir is located above the top dead center of the working string piston, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one pneumatic cylinder-recuperator, hydraulically connected to the drain line after the turbine and configured to accumulate mechanical energy of spring compression and / or vacuum in the gas cavity during the working stroke of the piston and return the accumulated liquid to the atmospheric reservoir during the return stroke, while in the preferred embodiment, the working string and the auxiliary hydraulic cavity are structurally combined into a single coaxial module according to the "pipe in pipe" scheme, in which the inner pipe is the working string, the outer pipe of a larger diameter is installed coaxially and hermetically connected to the inner pipe,and the annular space between them forms an auxiliary hydraulic cavity, wherein in the lower part of the inner pipe there are windows closed by a movable annular valve, made with the possibility of alternately communicating the sub-piston space with the outlet channel to the turbine or with the said annular space, and in an alternative embodiment, the auxiliary hydraulic cavity is made in the form of at least one separate auxiliary column installed next to the working column and connected to its lower liquid cavity through the said check valve, wherein the upper part of the auxiliary column is constantly in hydraulic communication with the open atmospheric reservoir.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains first and second pneumatic cylinders-recuperators operating in antiphase, wherein at any given time one of them is hydraulically connected to a group of modules in the drain phase for accumulating energy, and the second one is connected to a group of modules in the return phase for displacing the accumulated liquid into an atmospheric reservoir, with an alternate change of their functions with each switching of the phases of all modules, which ensures the continuity of the return flow of liquid.

3. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator contains a piston dividing its body into a hydraulic cavity and a gas cavity with a spring placed therein, wherein the gas cavity is designed with the possibility of maintaining a vacuum, and the device additionally contains a vacuum compressor with a vacuum sensor, designed with the possibility of occasional switching on.

4. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the atmospheric reservoir is made in the form of an open pool or pond, the surface area of ​​which is at least an order of magnitude greater than the total cross-sectional area of ​​all auxiliary hydraulic cavities.

5. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the working column at the upper and lower dead centers is equipped with spring dampers made in the form of disc or helical springs with a stroke that is not less than five percent of the working stroke of the piston, and said dampers are designed with the possibility of absorbing the kinetic energy of the piston when approaching the dead center and returning the accumulated energy in the form of an additional mechanical impulse imparted to the piston when it begins to move in the opposite direction, summed up with the main force acting on the piston in a given phase of the cycle.

6. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the piston sealing elements are made in the form of at least two chevron-type polyurethane cuffs installed in annular grooves on the outer surface of the piston.

7. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a system for micro-droplet supply of water-glycol lubricant with polyalkylene glycol additives is introduced into the working column into the upper part of the cylinder above the piston.

8. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the drain lines of the modules in the drain phase are united by a common pressure manifold, made in the form of a cylindrical receiver with a confuser at the outlet, directing the flow to the turbine blades.

9. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it contains a programmable logic controller connected to sensors for the position of the pistons at the top and bottom dead centers, pressure sensors in the cavities, a level sensor in the atmospheric reservoir and a vacuum sensor in the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator, and controlling the annular valve of each module, a vacuum compressor and a make-up pump of the reservoir.

10. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the working column, auxiliary hydraulic cavity, atmospheric reservoir, drain manifold and pneumatic cylinders-recuperators are placed inside a sealed outer capsule, designed with the possibility of creating and maintaining in its internal volume an excess pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure, while all elements of the hydraulic system are in a single environment with increased pressure, and the piston return force and the output power of the device increase proportionally to the increase in pressure in the capsule without changing the internal design of the modules.

11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of at least one pipeline connecting the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator with the atmospheric reservoir is located in the air zone of the reservoir above the maximum water level, due to which the liquid freely flows into the reservoir through the air gap, and the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column in the reservoir does not create resistance to lifting.

12. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the coaxial modules, the reservoir, the pneumatic cylinders-recuperators, the turbine and the generator are placed on a mobile platform made in the form of a car trailer or a transport container, equipped with hydraulic supports for bringing it into a vertical working position, while the outer casing serves as a supporting structure, and the reservoir is filled with water from an external source after deployment.

13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coaxial modules are divided into at least two independently functioning groups, one of which, "Forsage", is designed with the possibility of supplying excess pressure from the outer capsule to the above-piston space in the power stroke phase through a controlled spool and forcibly releasing this pressure in the return phase, and the other group, "Vacuum", is designed with the possibility of sealing the above-piston space in the power stroke phase to create a vacuum used for passively pumping air out of the pneumatic cylinders-recuperators, wherein both groups operate simultaneously, ensuring the combination of power boosting and energy-efficient recuperation modes in a single device.

14. The device according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the controller implements an algorithm with a phase shift of the module cycles, ensuring that at any given time at least forty percent of the modules are in the drain phase and the continuity of the total flow through the turbine.

15. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control of the annular valve is at least partially carried out hydraulically, according to the pressure difference of the working fluid created by the piston when it reaches the upper or lower dead points, through a system of pilot channels without using electrical signals from the controller.

16. A device according to paragraph 1 or 15, characterized in that the natural frequency of the oscillations of the damper spring of the bottom dead center, together with the mass of the piston and the hydraulic system, is matched with the natural frequency of the spring-loaded annular valve, due to which the hydraulic shock that occurs when the piston stops is used for resonant switching of the valve without an external energy supply.

17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the system "piston unit - spool valve - pneumatic cylinders-recuperators" forms a self-oscillating resonant circuit, in which, after starting, the frequency of water hammers is automatically adjusted to the natural frequencies of the system elements due to feedback through the hydraulic tract, so that when the frequency of water hammers deviates from the resonant frequency, the amplitude of the spool valve oscillations decreases, which leads to a change in the drain time and the moment of occurrence of the next water hammer, as a result of which the system naturally drifts to the resonant frequency, at which the amplitude is maximum, and losses are minimal, without the need for precision factory adjustment.

18. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the piston is made composite - with a core made of reinforced concrete and an outer shell made of steel with molded annular grooves for sealing cuffs.

19. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the coaxial modules, turbine, generator and pneumatic cylinders-recuperators are placed in an underground shaft, and the atmospheric reservoir is located on the surface of the earth in such a way that the vertical distance from the water table in the reservoir to the bottom point of the modules is from 1 to 120 meters, creating a hydrostatic pressure from 0.1 to 10 atmospheres at the entrance to the sub-piston cavity, and for industrial power units, a distance of at least 5 meters is preferable, providing a pressure of at least 0.5 atmospheres.

20. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it contains at least twenty coaxial modules, synchronized in phase, and their total nominal net output electrical power is from 5 kW to more than 500 MW depending on the number of modules and the depth of the shaft.

21. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working column is equipped with a sensor for indirect monitoring of piston friction, for example, an accelerometer or a strain gauge on a spring damper, and a nozzle for micro-droplet supply of lubricant concentrate, connected to a metering pump controlled by a programmable logic controller that implements an algorithm for episodic injection of lubricant when the controlled friction parameter goes beyond a specified range.

22. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator is divided by a sealed piston into a hydraulic cavity connected to the drain line strictly after the turbine along the liquid flow, and a gas cavity with a spring placed in it and a vacuum, wherein the hydraulic and gas cavities are isolated from each other by sealing elements of the piston, and the outlet of the hydraulic cavity is connected to the atmospheric reservoir through a check valve.

23. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the ratio of the working stroke of the piston to the internal diameter of the working column is selected in the range from eight to twelve, which ensures an optimal ratio between the volume of liquid displaced in one cycle and the frequency of cycles, and also minimizes losses due to valve switching and increases the overall efficiency of the hydrogenerator.

24. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator is designed with separation of media by means of a flexible membrane or a piston with cuffs, while the spring and the gas cavity with vacuum are completely isolated from the liquid and operate as a dry pneumatic spring return pump.

25. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator is made double-sided, with a piston held in a central position by two springs of equal rigidity, located in gas cavities isolated from the liquid on both sides of the piston, wherein the hydraulic cavities are connected to two groups of modules operating in antiphase, so that in any direction of movement of the piston, one spring is compressed, and the other is simultaneously released, and the natural frequency of the piston on the springs is matched with the frequency of hydraulic pulses from the modules to ensure a resonant operating mode without external control.

26. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the pressure tray, which unites the outlets of the working columns, is made sealed and does not communicate with the external atmosphere, and its only outlet is the flow path of the turbine, behind which there is a drain manifold, hydraulically connected to the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator.

27. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the height of the working column determines both the hydrostatic pressure drop, summed with the piston pressure on the turbine, and the maximum working stroke of the piston, whereby with an increase in height the volume of liquid displaced per cycle increases, and the total power of the device increases monotonically while maintaining a constant diameter of the column.

28. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the annular spool valve is made spring-loaded with fixation in two stable positions, and its switching is carried out hydraulically, due to the pressure difference of the working fluid that occurs when the piston reaches the upper or lower dead center and is transmitted to the spool valve through pilot channels, without the use of electrical signals and external energy sources.

29. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it contains one double-sided pneumatic cylinder-recuperator with a common housing, the piston of which divides the housing into two hydraulic cavities, each of which is connected to one of the two groups of modules operating in antiphase, and a common gas cavity with a spring and vacuum, hermetically sealed from the liquid.

30. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the mechanical spring in the gas cavity of the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator is partially or completely replaced by a closed volume of high-pressure gas, forming a pneumatic spring.

31. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the turbine shaft is connected to the shaft of the electric generator via a hydraulic clutch or torque converter, or another mechanism for reducing pulsating vibrations.

32. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the pressure manifold and the confuser in the cavitation zone are made of cavitation-resistant materials, and the cavitation formed during the outflow of liquid is used for degassing the liquid, its self-cleaning from microorganisms and the creation of additional micro-impulses of pressure on the turbine blades.

33. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the atmospheric reservoir is equipped with oil-catching booms and sorption filters installed in the intake pipes of the auxiliary cavities, with the possibility of returning the filtered lubricant concentrate to the lubrication system.

34. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the atmospheric reservoir for large power units is made sectional, divided into isolated compartments with independent valves, each of which supplies its own group of modules.

35. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the confuser of the pressure manifold is designed with the possibility of using cavitation to coagulate emulsified oil and lubricant impurities into large globules with their subsequent separation in a sump or oil collector located in the upper part of the manifold.

36. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that for small modules the working fluid is saturated with a lubricant, and the atmospheric reservoir is made in the form of a closed tank with a lid containing a combined air filter based on activated carbon or sorption material, ensuring free air exchange with the atmosphere while completely preventing emissions of oil vapors and components of the working fluid.

37. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one, and preferably four or more spool valves are used to communicate the sub-piston space with the pressure manifold and the auxiliary hydraulic cavity, evenly spaced around the circumference of the lower plate of the module, made of disc, plunger or ring-shaped types, with a total cross-sectional area that ensures the calculated velocity of the return flow of liquid.

38. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the auxiliary hydraulic cavity to the cross-sectional area of ​​the working column is selected in the range from three to four, in which the drop in the liquid level in the auxiliary cavity during the return of the piston does not exceed 30 percent of its height, and the hydrostatic pressure remains practically constant throughout the entire upward stroke.

39. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston is made in the form of a self-damping unit consisting of a through rod passing through the axial hole of the massive body of the piston, with upper and lower plates rigidly fixed to the rod, wherein the plates are equipped with sealing cuffs and are in sliding contact with the inner wall of the working column, and compression springs are placed between the body of the piston and each of the plates, performing the functions of dampers at the top and bottom dead centers.

40. The device according to paragraph 39, characterized in that the upper and lower plates are rigidly fixed on the through rod, and the massive body of the piston slides freely along the rod through a bronze or fluoroplastic bushing pressed into the central axial hole, while the sealing cuffs are installed only on the plates, and the body of the piston does not touch the walls of the working column.

41. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the rod is rigidly fixed in the covers of the working column, and the upper and lower plates are mounted on the rod with the possibility of axial sliding and are equipped with sealing cuffs both along the inner surface of the column and along the surface of the rod, while the massive body of the piston is placed between the plates with support on compression springs.

42. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston unit contains a through rod, two plates with sealing cuffs and a massive piston body placed between them, spring-loaded on both sides by compression springs, wherein the rod, plates and piston body are designed with the possibility of relative axial movement in such a way that when the piston reaches the top or bottom dead center, the corresponding spring is compressed, absorbing kinetic energy and subsequently releasing it when the direction of movement is reversed.

43. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional spool valve is installed in the upper part of the working column, designed with the possibility of alternately communicating the above-piston cavity either with the atmosphere or, through a check valve, with the gas cavity of at least one pneumatic cylinder-recuperator, wherein in the phase of the working stroke of the piston, the spool valve closes the communication with the atmosphere and opens the pilot channel to the recuperator, so that the vacuum created by the downward moving piston is used to deepen the vacuum in the gas cavity of the recuperator, and in the return phase, the spool valve opens the communication with the atmosphere and closes the pilot channel, ensuring the free exit of air from the above-piston cavity without performing work against the vacuum.

44. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the total cross-sectional area of ​​at least one drain valve connecting the sub-piston space with the pressure manifold is selected to be no less than the total cross-sectional area of ​​all valves connecting the auxiliary hydraulic cavity with the sub-piston space, in order to ensure unimpeded drainage of liquid and to eliminate limitation of the speed of the working stroke of the piston.

45. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one pneumatic cylinder-recuperator is equipped with a safety vacuum valve, made in the form of a spring-loaded mechanical valve, adjusted to the maximum permissible depth of vacuum, and made with the possibility of automatically briefly admitting atmospheric air into the gas cavity when a predetermined vacuum threshold is exceeded, wherein the spool valve of the above-piston zone continues the cyclic creation of vacuum in each working stroke, and the safety valve is triggered episodically, after one or more cycles, preventing the absolute pressure from falling below the critical value without the use of electronic sensors and electrical control, wherein the piston and gas cavities of the recuperator remain completely isolated from the liquid, and the recuperator operates as a dry pneumatic spring pump.

46. ​​The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the piston unit, the annular spool valve, the pneumatic cylinders-recuperators and the hydraulic tract together form a single self-oscillating resonant circuit, in which the energy of the hydraulic shocks arising when the spool valve is switched is not dissipated, but accumulates and is cyclically redistributed between the elastic elements of the system, and the natural frequency of the piston unit, the natural frequency of the spool valve and the repetition frequency of the hydraulic pulses are matched in such a way that the system operates in the parametric resonance mode with maximum amplitude and minimum dissipative losses.

47. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the above-piston cavity of at least one working column is pneumatically connected to a cylinder, inside which a piston with a spring is placed, wherein the piston is kinematically connected to a flywheel through a crank mechanism, and the flywheel is connected to a pump for returning liquid from the drain manifold to the atmospheric reservoir, so that the vacuum pulse created during the working stroke of the piston of the working column draws in the piston of the cylinder, compressing the spring and turning the flywheel, and the energy stored by the spring is given to the flywheel during the return stroke of the piston of the cylinder, wherein the stiffness of the spring is selected in such a way that the natural frequency of oscillations of the piston in the cylinder coincides with the frequency of the vacuum pulses, ensuring a resonant operating mode with minimal energy costs for maintaining the rotation of the pump.

48. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the flywheel is kinematically connected to a starter electric motor or a manual drive, designed with the possibility of short-term connection at the initial stage to spin up the flywheel to resonant speed and subsequent disconnection after the system reaches an autonomous resonant mode.

49. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one pneumatic cylinder-recuperator, made in the form of a cylinder with a piston held by two springs in a central position, with gas cavities with a vacuum on both sides of the piston, wherein the piston is kinematically connected to the flywheel through a crank-connecting rod mechanism, and the pneumatic cavities of the recuperator are connected to the above-piston cavities of the working columns through a spool valve with a threshold response, configured to open when the amplitude of oscillations in the recuperator reaches the calculated value, so that at the initial stage the recuperator is disconnected from the pneumatic line and does not interfere with the spinning of the flywheel, and when the system enters the resonant mode, it is automatically connected, converting vibrational and resonant energy into additional mechanical work on the flywheel.

50. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one additional resonant pneumatic pump, made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a piston held by two springs in a central position, with gas cavities with a vacuum on both sides of the piston, hydraulically connected to a separate turbine with a generator and mechanically connected to a common platform of coaxial modules, wherein the resonant pneumatic pump is tuned to the frequency of vibrations created by the operating modules, and converts the energy of these vibrations into useful hydraulic power independently of the main circuit for returning liquid to the reservoir, and the number of such resonant pneumatic pumps is selected based on the condition of the required output power without changing the design of the coaxial modules.

51. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that an additional hydraulic turbine or water wheel is installed on the path of the liquid flow from the turbine to the drain manifold, kinematically connected to the flywheel of the return pump or to a separate electric generator that supplies the starter motor of the flywheel, so that the potential energy of the waste liquid, draining with the difference in height, is used to assist in spinning the flywheel at the initial stage and to compensate for losses in the steady state.

52. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that an additional hydraulic turbine is installed in the path of the liquid flow from the main turbine to the drain manifold, connected to an electric generator that generates electric power independently of the main generator, and during the initial start-up, the flywheel is spun up from an external battery, and after reaching the operating mode, the generated electric power is used to power the control system, charge the battery and provide a safety spin-up of the flywheel through the starter when the speed drops, thereby achieving the autonomy and fault tolerance of the device during long-term operation.

53. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a second flywheel with an independent crank mechanism, kinematically connected to at least one resonant pneumatic pump, wherein the resonant pneumatic pump is tuned to the vibration frequency of the operating coaxial modules and is configured to drive the second flywheel after reaching the parametric resonance mode, and the second flywheel is connected to an electric generator that produces electric power to supply the device's own needs, wherein at the initial stage the second flywheel is spun by a starter, which simultaneously, through the crank mechanism, accelerates the resonant pneumatic pumps' reaching the operating mode.

54. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the annular spool valve is made resonant, with hydraulic unloading and ball fixation of extreme positions, and contains a double-sided rod with a conical upper piston and a spherical lower piston, two identical compression springs, isolated from the hydraulic medium and providing a symmetrical return of the rod to the central position, and spring-loaded balls interacting with annular grooves on the rod, wherein the natural frequency of oscillations of the rod on the springs is tuned to the frequency of hydraulic hammers of the main cycle or to a double frequency, and the lower piston is made with the possibility of hydraulic pickup when breaking away from the seat, which achieves an avalanche opening of the spool valve without intermediate states.

55. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the above-piston cavity of at least one working column is connected to the pneumatic cylinder of the crank mechanism through a pneumatic spool valve containing a housing with three channels - a channel of the above-piston cavity, a channel of the pneumatic cylinder and an atmospheric channel with an air filter, inside which a rod with a lower and upper plate, an adjusting bolt with a lock nut for limiting the stroke of the rod and adjusting the switching moment, and a guide sleeve made of bronze are placed, wherein in the lowering phase of the piston of the working column, the vacuum raises the rod, opening communication between the channels of the above-piston cavity and the pneumatic cylinder and blocking the atmospheric channel, and in the rising phase of the piston, the springs return the rod to the original position, cutting off the channel of the above-piston cavity and communicating the pneumatic cylinder with the atmosphere, and when the vacuum disappears, the rod automatically goes to the pressure relief position.

56. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that both cavities of at least one pneumatic resonator pump - above the piston and below the piston - are connected through a spool valve to one cylinder of the crank mechanism or each to its own cylinder, so that the vacuum alternately created in both cavities during resonant vibrations of the piston is used to perform useful work, including driving the crank mechanism cylinders, pumping air into the forced mode capsule, or maintaining a vacuum in the gas cavities.

57. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a common supporting platform on which a battery of identical resonant modules is rigidly fixed, each of which consists of a cylinder with a piston enclosed between two springs and has a natural frequency equal to the dominant frequency of the external vibration, wherein the piston is made with permanent neodymium magnets, and an induction coil is placed on the cylinder, so that when external vibrations act on the platform, the modules enter a collective parametric resonance mode, and the vibration energy is converted into electrical energy directly in each module and / or through a common pneumatic collector and a crank mechanism with a generator.

58. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one resonant module of the vibration platform is made trifunctional: the piston contains permanent neodymium magnets, the cylinder is made of a dielectric antifriction material (polyamide or fiberglass), an induction coil for direct electrical generation is placed outside the cylinder, while the module simultaneously creates pneumatic pulses for driving the crank mechanism and performs the function of an active damper, absorbing the energy of platform vibrations and converting it into electrical and pneumatic power instead of dissipating it into heat.

59. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery of resonant modules is placed directly on the housing or support frame of industrial equipment generating stable low-frequency vibrations, and performs the function of an active regenerative damper, converting the vibration energy into electrical power and simultaneously reducing the amplitude of the housing vibrations, wherein the power is taken off in the mode of 10-40% of the maximum vibration power of each module in order to maintain a high quality factor of the resonant system and prevent resonance breakdown.

60. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally provided with a resonant pulsating water-lifting circuit containing at least one vertical tube with a check valve at the upper end and a spring resonator, wherein the lower end of the tube is immersed in a drain manifold, the upper end is connected through a flexible sealed cuff to a branch pipe leading to an atmospheric reservoir, the tube is installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement, and its natural frequency with the attached column of liquid is tuned to the frequency of the main cycle of the hydrogenerator or to one of its harmonics, which ensures a pulsed lift of liquid into the reservoir in a passive resonant mode without taking power from the turbine.

61. A method for generating electrical energy using a device according to any one of paragraphs 1-60, comprising cyclic repetition of the following phases: a) gravity drain - moving the ring valve to the "drain" position, moving the piston downwards under the action of gravity, displacing the liquid from the sub-piston space through the turbine with the generation of electrical energy and the simultaneous accumulation of mechanical or kinetic energy in the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator; b) hydrostatic return - moving the annular valve to the “return” position, fluid flows from the auxiliary hydraulic cavity and atmospheric reservoir under the piston under the action of hydrostatic and atmospheric pressure, and the piston moves upward; c) recuperative lifting of liquid - displacement of accumulated liquid from the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator into the atmospheric reservoir due to the energy of a compressed spring and / or vacuum.

62. The method according to claim 61, characterized in that phases “a” and “b” for different coaxial modules are shifted in time in such a way that at any given moment in time, phase “a” occurs simultaneously for at least twenty percent, and preferably at least forty percent of the modules, and phase “b” for the rest, ensuring continuous and uniform rotation of the turbine.

63. The method according to paragraph 61, characterized in that when the vacuum in the gas cavity of the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator drops below a specified threshold value, the vacuum compressor is periodically turned on, and when the liquid level in the atmospheric reservoir drops below an acceptable level, the make-up pump is turned on, and the total operating time of the compressor and pump does not exceed five percent of the total generation time.

64. The method according to paragraph 61, characterized in that in the gravitational drain phase, the vacuum formed in the above-piston cavity of the working column is directed through a check valve into the gas cavity of the pneumatic cylinder-recuperator for additional accumulation of mechanical energy of the spring compression and deepening of the vacuum, and in the hydrostatic return phase, the above-piston cavity is connected to the atmosphere, preventing the reverse flow of air from the atmosphere into the gas cavity of the recuperator by automatically closing the check valve.

65. A method for generating electrical energy using a device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one piston of the coaxial module or pneumatic pump-resonator is made with permanent neodymium magnets, the cylinder of the module is made of a dielectric material or non-magnetic steel with a dielectric coating, and an induction coil is placed outside the cylinder, so that during the working stroke or resonant oscillations of the piston, the magnetic flux through the coil changes, inducing an electromotive force, and the module simultaneously generates electrical energy and creates pneumatic pulses to control the crank mechanism.