Fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing with fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel

Abstract

The utility model relates to fire extinguishing equipment, namely to fire extinguishing devices and fire extinguishers for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing with inorganic quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel. To improve the operational reliability of the fire extinguisher and the effectiveness of fire extinguishing and explosion and fire prevention with inorganic quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, the fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing with quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel comprises a sealed housing capable of housing one of the components of the fire extinguishing agent with a sealed container located inside the housing for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent, a means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent,a means for creating pressure inside the housing with the possibility of displacing components of the fire extinguishing agent from the housing and from a sealed container located inside the housing into a means for mixing and foaming a mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent and a means for separately supplying components of the fire extinguishing agent from the housing and from a sealed container located inside the housing into a means for mixing components of the fire extinguishing agent and foaming a mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent, wherein the means for creating pressure is made in the form of a compressed air cylinder attached to the housing, equipped with two lines with pressure reducers for supplying compressed air to the housing and to a sealed container located inside the housing for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent,and a sealed container for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent located inside the housing is designed with the possibility of supplying compressed air into it and squeezing out the second component of the fire extinguishing agent located therein into the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent. 13 clauses, 1 table, 8 figs.,

Description

[0001] Technical field

[0002] The utility model relates to fire extinguishing equipment, namely to fire extinguishing devices and fire extinguishers for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing with inorganic quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel and can be used in fire and explosion prevention and extinguishing fires at the initial stage of their occurrence in closed spaces and in open areas during ignition and combustion of petroleum products, rubber products, products made of synthetic materials, alcohols, wood, paints and varnishes and other solid and liquid carbon-containing combustible materials.

[0003] Technology Level

[0004] It is known that water is the most widely used fire extinguishing agent [A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire extinguishing at chemical and oil refining industry enterprises. - M.: Chemistry, 1979, pp. 64-72].

[0005] To increase the fire extinguishing capacity of water, additives are usually added to its composition that increase the viscosity of the water (thickeners) or reduce its surface tension (foaming agents) [SU 797707, A62D 1 / 00, 1981], or additives of inorganic salts are added - chlorides, carbonates and bicarbonates of alkali metals, clay and other finely dispersed substances that increase the fire extinguishing capacity of water.

[0006] A mineral-water suspension for extinguishing fires is known, in particular [RU 2098158, A62D 1 / 00, A62C 3 / 00, 10.12.1997], which, in order to improve the adhesive and insulating properties of the mineral-water composition, contains, by weight: 7-16 liquid glass, 13-72 clay and 20-80 water. The resulting suspension is used by spraying using various existing methods using pumps, pouring from airplanes or helicopters). The most effective are the methods of dispersion using the energy of an explosion or pressure accumulators of air, gunpowder, etc.), since they allow the composition to be dispersed into droplets with a diameter of less than 10 μm, thereby significantly increasing the surface of interaction with the flame.

[0007] The main disadvantage of such compositions is their multi-component nature, difficulty in preparation, and the possibility of stratification during storage, as well as the release of toxic combustion products during the decomposition of the organic components of the composition.

[0008] A fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing oil and petroleum products is known [RU 2263525, A62D 1 / 00, 10.11.2005], which, in order to increase efficiency, low cost and ease of use, contains an extinguishing composition applied to granules of refractory porous material with a diameter of 10-50 mm with a working layer thickness of 1-5 mm. The extinguishing composition contains calcium bicarbonate in an amount of 0.2-0.8 parts by weight, liquid glass in an amount of 0.2-0.8 parts by weight and 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of an inhibitory additive.

[0009] A known composition [DE 10054686, 06.06.2002] contains more than 50% liquid glass, predominantly 90-98% with a liquid glass modulus in the range of 1-4. The effectiveness of this composition is ensured by the ability of liquid glass to form a heat-resistant insulating film on the combustion surface, preventing the access of atmospheric oxygen to the combustion surface.

[0010] The main disadvantage of this composition is its high viscosity, which is why this fire extinguishing composition is applied to the burning surface from aerosol containers using carrier gases - nitrogen, carbon dioxide or foaming agents, as well as using other devices.

[0011] To use liquid glass more effectively as an extinguishing agent, its viscosity must be reduced by adding water. Liquid glass acts as a thickener relative to water, and water acts as a thinner relative to liquid glass.

[0012] A composition for extinguishing forest fires with a small amount of water [RU 2449825, A62D 1 / 00, 10.05.2012] is known. It contains water and a finely ground batch of low-melting glass in a concentration of 0.0001-10% in the form of a solution or suspension. When melted by a fire, the components form a glass film on the surface of the burning object, preventing oxygen access.

[0013] An aqueous solution for extinguishing fires is known [RU 2275951, A62D 1 / 00, 10.05.2006], which, for the purpose of ensuring the required level of viscosity and achieving a significant reduction in temperature in the combustion zone, high values ​​of temperature resistance and the insulating capacity of the composition due to the evaporation of free water and thermal foaming of liquid glass, contains water in an amount of 50-95 wt.% and, as a thickening additive, liquid glass with a modulus of 2.5-3.2 in an amount of 5-50 wt.%.

[0014] Additionally, this composition may contain a high-molecular surfactant (SAS) in the form of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol-toluene-water with a surface tension of less than 30 mN / m at the rate of 0.001-0.1 kg of surfactant per cubic meter of water in solution.

[0015] The presence of surfactants in this solution improves its dispersion during spraying and adherence to the burning surface. After extinguishing a fire with this solution, the surface of the fire is covered with a layer of solid inorganic foam 2.5-5.5 cm thick due to thermal foaming or, in essence, boiling due to the intense heating of the sprayed layer of solution. This layer, acting as a filter, reduces residual smoke emissions from the burning surface.

[0016] As indicated in the description of RU 2275951, fire extinguishing with this composition is carried out according to the following mechanism: When a stream of liquid glass solution approaches the burning surface, under the influence of high temperature, the solution heats up and its viscosity decreases, which contributes to better spreading of the solution on the burning surface.

[0017] When water evaporates from the solution, the concentration of liquid glass on the combustion surface increases, its viscosity increases significantly, and when water completely evaporates from the solution, a film of liquid glass remains on the combustion surface, which has the property of continuity.

[0018] Increasing the wettability of the combustion surface with the solution and increasing the degree of dispersion of the jet is achieved by introducing a high-molecular surfactant (SAS) with a surface tension of less than 30⋅10 -3 N / m, for example, based on polyvinyl alcohol, toluene and water in an amount of 0.001-0.1 kg / m 3 water in the solution.

[0019] The liquid glass film formed after the evaporation of free water on the combustion surface at a temperature of 120-200°C loses molecular water and becomes a solid. In the temperature range of 200-400°C, chemically bound water begins to be removed from the solid liquid glass, causing the liquid glass crust to become pyroplastic. The released water vapor, due to a sharp increase in volume, foams this crust, increasing its volume by 10-50 times. The density of the foam layer formed on the combustion surface is 30-50 kg / m3. 3 and this layer blocks the access of atmospheric oxygen to the combustion surface.

[0020] The resulting foam layer is not subject to combustion, since it is an inorganic substance in its composition - anhydrous alkali metal silicate, has a low thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.036 W / m⋅K) and prevents the extinguished surface from heating up to the ignition temperature due to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the heat flow generated by the radiation of the flame and the convective heat of the flue gases.

[0021] The disadvantages of RU 2275951 are the practical impossibility of uniform spraying and the practical impossibility of ensuring controlled thermal foaming of the liquid glass solution on the surfaces of burning materials, which are almost always uneven and change during the combustion process, and, accordingly, the impossibility of obtaining a given thickness of solid foam of a certain structure, as well as the need for a high temperature for thermal foaming, namely the need for a temperature of 120-200 °C for the evaporation of molecular water and the acquisition of a solid state and the need for a temperature of 200-400 °C for the removal of chemically bound water from the solid liquid glass, under the action of which the crust of liquid glass acquires a pyroplastic state, and the subsequent intensive release of water vapor (boiling) for foaming this crust.

[0022] The use of sprayed water as a fire extinguishing agent is known, however, sprayed water has a relatively low fire extinguishing efficiency, and the devices that generate it require connection to pressure water pipes.

[0023] The use of low- and medium-expansion air-mechanical foam, which has increased fire extinguishing efficiency compared to water spray, is known, however, most known water-foam generators and fire extinguishers produce liquid air-mechanical foam based on an aqueous solution of a foaming agent and air or gas, which quickly settles and does not stay on vertical and inclined surfaces, which significantly reduces the efficiency and increases the fire extinguishing time.

[0024] A fire extinguisher is known, comprising a container with a fire extinguishing liquid, a system for displacing liquid from the container, a shut-off and starting device, a liquid sprayer with a centrifugal flow swirler and an outlet nozzle, and a pipeline connecting the outlet of the shut-off and starting device with the liquid sprayer, in which, in order to increase the efficiency of extinguishing fires, primarily of classes "A" and "B" by generating a high-speed sprayed jet of fire extinguishing liquid with a given spray angle, the outlet nozzle of the liquid sprayer is made with a profiled channel, including a section narrowing in the direction of the liquid flow, wherein the centrifugal swirler is made in the form of a hollow insert, with at least one tangentially directed inlet channel formed in the side wall of the insert, and an inlet axial channel, wherein the cavity of the insert is communicated with the inlet opening of the profiled nozzle [RU 43465 A62C 13 / 62, A62C 31 / 02, published 27.01.2005].

[0025] A fire extinguisher is known, comprising a container filled with a liquid fire extinguishing agent, a source of expelling gas, a shut-off and starting device, a liquid sprayer connected through a pipeline to the outlet of the shut-off and starting device, wherein the liquid sprayer is configured to generate a directed finely atomized stream of fire extinguishing agent, in which, in order to ensure the possibility of effectively extinguishing fires of classes A and B and electrical equipment under high voltage, and long-term storage and operation of the fire extinguisher under sub-zero temperatures, a mixture of an aqueous solution of a salt selected from the following series of substances is used as a liquid fire extinguishing agent: diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and a film-forming foaming agent, wherein the salt content in the fire extinguishing agent is not less than 10 wt.%, the content of the film-forming foaming agent in the fire extinguishing agent is not less than 5 wt.%.In this case, compressed gas is used as a source of expelling gas, filling a gas cavity in a container above the surface of a liquid fire extinguishing agent, and the liquid sprayer is equipped with a jet-centrifugal swirler of the liquid flow and an outlet nozzle and is made with a profiled channel, including an inlet section of cylindrical shape and an outlet section in the form of a conical diffuser, wherein the inlet opening of the outlet section is connected with the outlet opening of the cylindrical section [RU 82562 A62C 13 / 62, A62C 31 / 02, published 10.05.2009].

[0026] A portable fire extinguisher is known, comprising a reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, a trigger head housing mounted on the reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, a spring-loaded rod with a conical protrusion placed in a longitudinal channel formed in the trigger head housing, which has a first radial opening, a cylinder for compressed gas mounted on the trigger head housing with a sealing membrane facing the conical protrusion of the rod, a siphon tube, an outlet nozzle and a means for moving the rod, an elastic gasket mounted on the rod, wherein the longitudinal channel has two cavities separated from one another by a sealing element mounted on the rod, the first cavity communicates with the outlet opening of the compressed gas cylinder and, through the first radial opening, with the cavity of the reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, the second cavity communicates through the second radial opening with the siphon tube,and with the help of a third radial hole - with an outlet nozzle, in which, in order to prevent leakage of the fire extinguishing agent during storage and transportation while maintaining the possibility of short-term cessation of its operation, a cylindrical spring and a washer are installed in the second cavity on the rod, an elastic gasket is located on the lower surface of the washer, the cylindrical spring is located between the washer and the upper wall of the second cavity, and the length of the cylindrical spring in the axial direction in a free state exceeds the distance from the washer to the upper wall of the second cavity [RU 8896 A62C 13 / 00, published 16.01.1999].,

[0027] A device is known for producing hardening foam from a composition of low-molecular and high-molecular substances, ensuring an increase in foam generation productivity, continuous operation without stops for recharging tanks with working solutions, which contains a cylindrical body, pipes for supplying liquid and gas and a gas-liquid flow diffuser located coaxially with the body, wherein the pipes for supplying an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a urea-formaldehyde resin are offset relative to the axis of the body and the mixer by a distance equal to 5-15% of the internal diameter of the pipe [RU 2226123 B01F 3 / 04, B01F 5 / 04, published 27.03.2004].

[0028] The device according to RU 2226123 can be used to create protective foam screens to prevent the evaporation of oil and petroleum products in the event of accidental spills and in the technology of processing polymers into porous or cellular products for various purposes, but due to the flammability of the resulting solid foam, it is not applicable in the field of fire extinguishing.

[0029] A fire extinguisher is known, comprising at least one container containing a fire extinguishing agent, capable of discharging said agent if a real or potential fire is identified. The fire extinguishing agent is a stable aqueous suspension of finely dispersed expanded vermiculite, a natural mineral with the chemical formula Mg, Fe, Al)3Al, Si)4O 10OH)24H2O). The fire extinguishing method is carried out by applying this fire extinguishing agent to the flame, adjacent areas, and high-risk areas for fire spread. The fire extinguisher used can be manufactured by at least partially filling a container adapted for dispensing the fire extinguishing agent. The agent has an improved limiting effect and forms an insulating barrier due to the formation of a layer on the surface that is a barrier to oxygen and heat, and can be used to extinguish fire on humans and animals. It is desirable that the amount of vermiculite be 3-40 wt.%, more preferably 10-30 wt.%, and especially desirable 15-25 wt.%, for example, approximately 20 wt.%. Very finely dispersed vermiculite with particle sizes in the range from nanometers to 1000 µm is preferred, and it is desirable that this size does not exceed 300 µm [RU 2635613 A62D 1 / 00, A62C 3 / 00, C09K 21 / 02 Published 11 / 14 / 2017].

[0030] The disadvantage of RU 2635613 is the possibility of using the fire extinguishing agent only in the form of an aqueous finely dispersed suspension and the impossibility of forming foam on its basis.

[0031] Chemical foam fire extinguishers are known that generate chemical foam obtained as a result of the rapid foaming of an alkaline solution (usually an aqueous solution of soda) with the addition of an acid (usually sulfuric or hydrochloric).

[0032] A fire extinguisher for the formation and delivery of chemical foam is known, comprising a housing filled with an alkaline solution, a shower located in the upper part of the housing, a lid and a cylinder with acid, closed with a plug with a rod, wherein the cylinder is equipped with a float, in which, for uniform distribution of the acid charge in the housing of the fire extinguisher, the float is made in the form of an annular chamber and is installed concentrically to the housing of the cylinder in its lower part [RU 26191 A62C 13 / 04, published 20.11.2002].

[0033] A chemical foam fire extinguisher is known, comprising a vessel with a lid filled with an alkaline solution, a shower located in the upper part of the vessel, a cylinder with acid, the bottom of which is made in the form of a membrane, a drive rod and a suction tube installed in the vessel, one end of which is connected to the shower, and the other is facing the bottom of the vessel, in which, in order to improve operational properties and speed of response, the drive rod is equipped with a piston located in the cavity of the cylinder, and in the wall of the cylinder a through hole is made, located above the piston part [RU 26192 A62C 13 / 04, published 20.11.2002].

[0034] A common drawback of known chemical foam fire extinguishers is their insufficient fire extinguishing efficiency, due to the usually insignificant amount of chemical foam generated, determined by the stoichiometric ratio of the reagents, as well as the possibility of only one-time use during the reaction time with the impossibility of interrupting it and subsequently resuming it multiple times.

[0035] An aqueous solution for extinguishing fires is known [RU 2275951, A62D 1 / 00, 10.05.2006], which, for the purpose of ensuring the required level of viscosity and achieving a significant reduction in temperature in the combustion zone, high values ​​of temperature resistance and the insulating capacity of the composition due to the evaporation of free water and thermal foaming of liquid glass, contains water in an amount of 50-95 wt.% and, as a thickening additive, liquid glass with a modulus of 2.5-3.2 in an amount of 5-50 wt.%.

[0036] Additionally, this composition may contain a high-molecular surfactant (SAS) in the form of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol - toluene - water with a surface tension of less than 30 mN / m at the rate of 0.001-0.1 kg of surfactant per cubic meter of water in solution.

[0037] The presence of surfactants in this solution improves its dispersion during spraying and adherence to the burning surface. After extinguishing a fire with this solution, the surface of the fire is covered with a 2.5-5.5 cm thick layer of solid inorganic foam due to thermal foaming or, in essence, boiling due to the intense heating of the sprayed solution layer. This layer, acting as a filter, reduces residual smoke emissions from the burning surface.

[0038] As described in RU 2275951, this fire extinguishing agent extinguishes fires using the following mechanism: When a jet of liquid glass solution approaches the burning surface, the solution heats up under the high temperature and its viscosity decreases, which facilitates better spreading of the solution over the burning surface. As water evaporates from the solution, the concentration of liquid glass on the burning surface increases, significantly increasing its viscosity. When the water completely evaporates from the solution, a continuous film of liquid glass remains on the burning surface.

[0039] Increasing the wettability of the combustion surface with the solution and increasing the degree of dispersion of the jet is achieved by introducing a high-molecular surfactant (SAS) with a surface tension of less than 30⋅10 -3 N / m, for example, based on polyvinyl alcohol, toluene and water in an amount of 0.001-0.1 kg / m 3 water in the solution.

[0040] The liquid glass film formed after the evaporation of free water on the combustion surface at a temperature of 120-200°C loses molecular water and becomes a solid. In the temperature range of 200-400°C, chemically bound water begins to be removed from the solid liquid glass, causing the liquid glass crust to become pyroplastic. The released water vapor, due to a sharp increase in volume, foams this crust, increasing its volume by 10-50 times. The density of the silicate foam layer formed on the combustion surface is 30-50 kg / m3. 3 and this layer blocks the access of atmospheric oxygen to the combustion surface.

[0041] The layer of solid silicate foam formed in this way is not subject to combustion, since it is an inorganic substance in its composition - anhydrous alkali metal silicate, has a low thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.036 W / m⋅K) and prevents the heating of the extinguished surface to the ignition temperature due to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the heat flow generated by the radiation of the flame and the convective heat of the flue gases.

[0042] The disadvantages of RU 2275951 are the practical impossibility of uniform spraying and controlled thermal foaming of the liquid glass solution on the surfaces of burning materials, which are almost always uneven and change during the combustion process, and, accordingly, the impossibility of obtaining a given thickness of "glass" foam of a certain structure, as well as the need for a high temperature for thermal foaming, namely the need for a temperature of 120-200 °C for the evaporation of molecular water and the acquisition of a solid state and the need for a temperature of 200-400 °C for the removal of chemically bound water from the solid liquid glass, under the action of which the crust of liquid glass acquires a pyroplastic state, and the subsequent intensive release of water vapor (boiling) for foaming this crust and its transformation into a solid silicate foam.

[0043] A porous SiO2 xerogel is known [RU 2530048 C01B 33 / 16, published 10.10.2014 Application PCT EP 2010 / 067821 20101119, publication PCT WO 2011 / 061289 20110526] which contains pores the size of which is greater than 50 nm, but less than 1000 nm, in particular less than 500 nm, in particular less than 300 nm, in particular less than 100 nm, has a density of less than 400 kg / m 3 , in particular - less than 290 kg / m 3 , in particular - less than 200 kg / m 3 , contains a carbon content of less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, and has a thermal conductivity at 800°C of less than 0.060 W / m⋅K, at 400°C of less than 0.040 W / m⋅K, at 200°C of less than 0.030 W / m⋅K, has an elastic modulus of at least 5 MPa, at temperatures up to 560°C in an atmosphere containing oxygen) has long-term thermal stability, is a monolithic molded product, granulate or powder.

[0044] This SiO2 xerogel (RU 2530048) with a characteristic pore size of less than 1 micrometer is produced by a sol-gel process with subcritical gel drying using temporary pore fillers or solid skeletal supports (e.g., consisting of carbon or organic substances), which are removed at the end of the production process by thermal oxidation. Auxiliary organic particles, or macromolecules, or carbon particles contained in the inorganic gel prevent the collapse of the inorganic network structure during the subcritical drying process. Subsequently, these pore fillers or solid skeletal supports are removed to the maximum extent by thermal treatment at temperatures above 300°C through oxidation. The result is a SiO2 xerogel with a fiber mass fraction of less than 5 wt.%) with a porosity of more than 80%, with a content of carbon unbound or only weakly chemically bound to the silicate skeleton of less than 10% and with a pore size of less than 1 micrometer.

[0045] Xerogel SiO2according to RU 2530048 is used as a non-combustible or non-flammable, transparent or translucent or opaque thermal insulation material, as a load-bearing thermal insulation material, a catalyst carrier, a filter, an absorber, a non-combustible or non-flammable, transparent, translucent or opaque lightweight building material, a dielectric for electronic components, as a system for the controlled or rapid release of drugs, as a coating for use in thermal diffusion processes, as a casting mold, as a carrier for sensor molecules in sensor technology, for sound insulation, for humidity regulation, or as a base material for composite materials.

[0046] A composition is known for creating a heat-resistant foam foamed by aerosol method based on sodium silicate [EP 0110328], containing two solutions separated from each other, one of which, solution “A”, is made on the basis of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate 50-97%) and a propellant 3-50%), and the other, solution “B”, which is a hardener.

[0047] According to EP 0110328, various chemical additives in the form of ammonium compounds, borates, synthetic rubbers, and various organic and inorganic compounds are added to solution "A" (the main solution) to enhance the mechanical properties of foams and dispersions. However, these compounds must be compatible, i.e., no chemical reactions are expected between them. To increase the foam expansion factor, surfactants can be added to the alkali metal silicate solution in solution "A."

[0048] As a solution "B" of hardener) according to EP 0110328, organic and inorganic compounds with gelling properties are used, preferably esters of carboxylic acids, for example triacetate glycerol, which, having highly viscous properties, act as thickeners, increasing the rheological properties of the formed foams when mixed.

[0049] Both solutions must be kept under pressure in separate separating tanks, with solution "B" (hardener) under greater pressure than solution "A" (main solution).

[0050] Separation vessels according to EP 0110328 are used to prevent hardener precipitation. To prevent hardener precipitation, emulsifiers are also added to the solutions, and stabilizing components are added to solution "B" (hardener), forming microcapsules from salts of polyvalent cations, preferably Zn, Mg, and Ca.

[0051] The formation of gas bubble inclusions (foaming) according to EP 0110328 occurs under the action of the release of liquefied propylene when compensating for the pressure difference with the atmosphere,

[0052] Foams obtained according to EP 0110328, formed on the basis of alkali metal silicates and having stability up to 300°, are proposed to be used as thermal insulation foams, in construction production as a heat insulator.

[0053] A common disadvantage of known alkali and alkaline earth metal silicates, foams and non-ceramic materials based on them is their relatively low thermal stability, which is insufficient for their use as a fire extinguishing agent in fire and explosion prevention, since it is known that the ignition temperature for most solid materials is 300°C, the flame temperature in a burning cigarette is 700-800°C, the flame temperature in a match is 750-850°C, the ignition temperature of wood is 300°C, and the combustion temperature of wood is 800-1000°C.

[0054] Foamed silica gel is known for its use as a fire extinguishing agent, in explosion and fire prevention, and as an insulating and filling material in construction and other industries. [RU 2590379 С01В 33 / 16, published 10.07.2016].

[0055] Foamed silica gel according to RU 2590379 was obtained by air-mechanical foaming on known foam generators of a mixture of an aqueous solution of alkali metal silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of an activator for the ash formation of silica from alkali metal silicate in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride.

[0056] The advantage of using foamed silica gel according to RU 2590379 is the almost instantaneous reaction of the components after their contact with the fire extinguishing object and the accumulation of mechanical strength of the foamed gel in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPa⋅s to 100 Pa⋅s in a time range of 2 seconds, but this makes it practically impossible to use almost all known foam generators and devices for forming low and medium expansion foam due to the hardening of the foamed silica gel inside the foam generators and devices with a rapid cessation of their normal functioning.

[0057] A significant disadvantage of the technology for generating foamed silica gel according to RU 2590379 was that it could be obtained on known foam generators by air-mechanical foaming of a mixture of a solution of 10-70%, preferably 20-50%, sodium silicate, and 1-15%, preferably 6%, foaming surfactant, with 1 to 6%, preferably 1 to 3.5% aqueous acetic acid solution, with a mass ratio of sodium silicate solution with foaming surfactant and acetic acid solution from 100:1 to 28:1, preferably 35:1.

[0058] As a result of using practically diluted components, the foamed silica gel obtained according to RU 2590379 was highly water-intensive, containing 20-50% silica, meaning more than half of its volume was water. Using more concentrated components resulted in the formation of solid foam in the component feed line to the foam generator and within the foam generator, preventing their proper operation.

[0059] A common disadvantage of known water-foam fire extinguishing devices and chemical fire extinguishers is that in the known devices, the fire extinguishing agent is formed inside the device body and in the pipelines supplying the fire extinguishing agent to the spraying or foam generating means, which makes them unsuitable for use with fast-hardening silica foams due to the rapid formation of solid foam inside the device body and in the pipelines supplying the fire extinguishing agent mixture to the spraying means, which stops their normal functioning.

[0060] A chemical air-foam fire extinguisher is known, comprising a steel body filled with 9 liters of an aqueous-alkaline solution in the form of a mixture of sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 and licorice extract, and a polyethylene container filled with an acidic mixture in the form of sulfuric acid H2SO4 and iron sulfide FeSO4, which increases the volume and strength of the resulting foam. Moreover, in order to improve the effectiveness of fire protection by increasing the speed and reliability of operation, the polyethylene container is rigidly connected to the valve seat fixed in the lower part of the cup, rigidly connected to the lid of the steel body, to the upper part of which a handle is attached for operation in the operating mode of the fire extinguisher, and an outlet pipe with a foam generator is located in the upper part of the body. The cup is installed inside the body axially symmetrically to it and the polyethylene container, and the valve is connected to a rod located axially symmetrically in the cup and spring-loaded.At the bottom of the glass, above the valve, there are at least three holes that provide a connection between the alkaline and acidic parts of the fire extinguisher, and a shut-off and starting device is mounted on the cover of the fire extinguisher body [RU 2427401 A62C 13 / 04, published 08 / 27 / 2011].

[0061] The disadvantage of this fire extinguisher is that it is single-use and its operating efficiency is insufficient.

[0062] A chemical foam fire extinguisher is known, comprising a container filled with a liquid fire extinguishing agent, a source of expelling gas, a shut-off and starting device, a liquid sprayer connected through a pipeline to the outlet of the shut-off and starting device, wherein the liquid sprayer is configured to generate a directed finely atomized stream of fire extinguishing agent, in which, in order to generate a finely atomized stream of fire extinguishing liquid, with the help of which effective extinguishing of class A and B fires is carried out, as well as electrical equipment under high voltage and maintaining the effectiveness of fire extinguishing during long-term storage and at sub-zero temperatures, a mixture of an aqueous solution of a salt selected from the following series of substances is used as a liquid fire extinguishing agent: diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and a film-forming foaming agent, wherein the salt content in the fire extinguishing agent is not less than 10 wt.%, the content of film-forming foaming agent in the fire extinguishing agent is not less than 5 wt. %. This results in an increase in the efficiency of the fire extinguishing capacity of the fire extinguisher due to the expansion of technical capabilities, an increase in the service life, and a stable operating mode, eliminating the need for turning over and self-activation during operation [RU 2278713 A62C 13 / 04, published 27.06.2006].

[0063] The source of expelling gas in RU 2278713 is compressed gas, filling a gas cavity in a container above the surface of a liquid fire extinguishing agent, the liquid sprayer is equipped with a jet-centrifugal swirler of the liquid flow and an outlet nozzle and is made with a profiled channel, including an inlet section of a cylindrical shape and an outlet section in the form of a conical diffuser, wherein the inlet opening of the outlet section is connected with the outlet opening of the cylindrical section.

[0064] When using RU 2278713, a directed finely atomized stream of fire extinguishing liquid is generated, which, as shown above, has a lower fire extinguishing efficiency compared to air-mechanical foam.

[0065] Portable fire extinguishers are known with the ability to produce solid non-flammable inorganic foam and the ability to extinguish fires with solid foam and prevent explosions and fires.

[0066] A previously developed method and device for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing in the form of a fast-hardening inorganic foam based on foamed silica gel SiO2 are known. The method of explosion and fire prevention and solid foam extinguishing includes the preparation of foamed silica gel in the form of fast-hardening foam by mixing component A in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, in a ratio, by weight: 10-70, predominantly 20-50 sodium silicate, 1-15, predominantly 3-6 foaming surfactant, the rest is water, with component B constituting 20-60%, predominantly from a 30-50% aqueous solution of acetic acid.A device for explosion and fire prevention and solid foam extinguishing comprises containers with fire extinguishing agent components placed therein, fire extinguishing agent component pipelines, a means for mixing the fire extinguishing agent components, and a means for foaming the mixture of fire extinguishing agent components. The device comprises containers with fire extinguishing agent components placed therein, fire extinguishing agent component pipelines, a means for mixing the fire extinguishing agent components, and a means for foaming the mixture of fire extinguishing agent components configured to feed component A to the means for mixing the fire extinguishing agent components from the container of component A under the influence of compressed air in the container with component A and to obtain, as a fire extinguishing agent, foamed silica gel in the form of a fast-hardening foam obtained by mixing and foaming a mixture of components A and B, at a volume ratio of components A and B from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1.In this case, the device is made to be placed on a hand cart with the possibility of its mobile movement, and the container with component B is made in the form of a backpack with the possibility of carrying it over the operator’s shoulders [RU 2672945 A62C 13 / 04, A62C 5 / 02, C01B 33 / 14, B01F 3 / 08 Published 21.11.2018].

[0067] A known fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and solid foam extinguishing, comprises a sealed housing in the form of a tee in the form of two cylinders welded together, one of which is oriented along the vertical axis, and the other - along the horizontal axis and is equipped with a handle located in the plane of the cylinder axes, with components of a fire extinguishing agent placed therein, a means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent and a means for feeding the components of the fire extinguishing agent from the housing to the means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent under the pressure of a pre-injected compressed gas inside the housing. The fire extinguisher is configured to produce a foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent, forming a quickly hardening foam obtained by mixing and foaming the components of the fire extinguishing agent located inside the fire extinguisher housing and fed to the mixing means under the pressure of a compressed gas inside the housing.The following components are used in the fire extinguishing agent: component A—an aqueous solution of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate, primarily sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, primarily a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent; and component B—an activator of silica ash formation, primarily in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid. The means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent is designed in the form of an ejector mixer-foam generator with the ability to mix components A and B and foam the mixture of components A and B with atmospheric air ejected into the ejector mixer-foam generator [RU 2668753 A62C 13 / 04 Published 02.10.2018].

[0068] A disadvantage of the RU 2668753 fire extinguisher is the need to pre-fill the housing with air when preparing the extinguisher for operation, which is often impossible in emergency situations. Furthermore, it is impossible to maintain the operating pressure of compressed air within the housing for a long time, and, consequently, to ensure the prototype fire extinguisher's long-term readiness for periodically required operation due to the normal pressure drop in pressurized vessels over a period of time. Furthermore, during operation, the air pressure also decreases as the compressed air occupies the volume within the housing, which in turn causes uneven volume and flow rate of the foamed silica gel at the extinguisher's outlet.

[0069] The prototype closest in technical essence and technical result) is a gas-generating fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and solid foam extinguishing, previously developed by the authors of the applicant, which, in order to \increase the reliability of the fire extinguisher and the efficiency of fire extinguishing and explosion and fire prevention in a fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and solid foam extinguishing, contains a sealed housing with components of a fire extinguishing agent placed therein, a means for mixing the components of a fire extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of a fire extinguishing agent, a means for creating pressure inside the housing with the possibility of displacing the components of a fire extinguishing agent by pressure from the housing into the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of a fire extinguishing agent and means for separately feeding the components of a fire extinguishing agent from the housing into the means for mixing the components of a fire extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of a fire extinguishing agent,the means for creating pressure inside the housing is made in the form of a gas generator with the possibility of creating a pressure of expelling gas of 0.8-1 MPa inside the housing in the form of a solid fuel generator GG-10B)-02, and the housing of the fire extinguisher is made in a U-shape in the form of two predominantly vertically oriented cylinders, the lower ends of which are connected to each other from below by means of bends, and the upper ends are closed from above by covers, to one of which pipelines of the means for separately feeding the components of the fire extinguishing agent to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent are connected, and to the other - the means for creating pressure inside the housing in the form of a gas generator [RU 2699078 A62C13 / 04 published 03.09.2019 Bulletin No. 25 prototype)].,

[0070] A characteristic feature of the fire extinguisher according to RU 2699078 prototype is the use in its design of flexible glued bags made of PVC 12 type polyvinyl chloride intended for storing the hardening component B, which, under the influence of heat, as well as during long-term storage and under the influence of pressure, are destroyed at the gluing points, causing a breach of tightness with a corresponding disruption of the performance of the fire extinguisher as a whole.

[0071] A significant drawback of the gas generator fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and solid foam extinguishing (prototype RU 2699078) is the use of a gas generator to create pressure within the fire extinguisher body. The expelled combustion gases from the gas generator color the rapidly hardening foam formed gray, creating a fluctuating, virtually uncontrollable pressure of the expelled gases within the fire extinguisher body. Furthermore, the working volume of component A in this fire extinguisher model is only 30 liters, which is often insufficient.

[0072] Problem to be solved and technical result

[0073] The objective of the utility model is to eliminate the technical shortcomings of known analogues and the prototype.

[0074] The technical result achieved through the use of the utility model is an increase in the reliability of the fire extinguisher and the effectiveness of fire extinguishing and explosion and fire prevention using inorganic quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel.

[0075] The essence of the utility model

[0076] The characteristic design features of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing with fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel are

[0077] implementation in it of a means of creating pressure in the form of a compressed air cylinder attached to the body, equipped with two lines with pressure reducers for supplying compressed air into the body with one of the components of the fire extinguishing agent and into a sealed container located inside the body for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent and

[0078] designed to contain a sealed container for the second component of a fire extinguishing agent, placed inside the housing, made of a solid material that is resistant to the effects of acid and alkaline environments and can withstand pressure, for example, in the form of a hollow cylinder made of stainless steel, with the ability to supply compressed air into it and to force out of it, by the pressure of the compressed air, the second component of the fire extinguishing agent placed in it into a means for mixing and foaming a mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0079] The stated problem is solved and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing with quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel contains

[0080] a sealed housing with the ability to accommodate one of the components of the fire extinguishing agent with a sealed container for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent located inside the housing,

[0081] a means for mixing components of a fire extinguishing agent and foaming a mixture of components of a fire extinguishing agent,

[0082] a means for creating pressure inside the housing with the ability to displace components of the fire extinguishing agent from the housing and from a sealed container located inside the housing into a means for mixing and foaming a mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent

[0083] and means for separately feeding the components of the fire extinguishing agent from the housing and from a sealed container located inside the housing into the means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent,

[0084] wherein the pressure generating means is made in the form of a compressed air cylinder attached to the housing, equipped with two lines with pressure reducers for supplying compressed air to the housing and to a sealed container located inside the housing for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent,

[0085] wherein the sealed container for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent located inside the housing is made of a solid material resistant to the effects of acidic and alkaline environments, for example, stainless steel, with the possibility of supplying compressed air into it and squeezing out of it the pressure of the compressed air of the second component of the fire extinguishing agent placed in it into the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0086] The body of the fire extinguisher is made in a U-shape in the form of three communicating cylinders, one of which is located in the upper part of the body and is oriented horizontally, and the other two cylinders are oriented predominantly vertically, their lower ends are connected to each other from below by means of corresponding branches, and the upper ends are hermetically sealed with lids, to which are connected pipelines for the separate supply of components of the fire extinguishing agent to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent and lines for supplying compressed air to the body and to a sealed container located inside the body for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0087] The fire extinguisher contains a means of protection against accidental activation of the fire extinguisher, made in the form of a safety pin, which is removed when preparing the fire extinguisher for use.

[0088] The horizontally oriented cylinder of the housing is designed with the ability to store an additional volume of one of the components of the fire extinguishing agent and with the ability to equalize the levels of component A in the predominantly vertically oriented cylinders when it is forced out of the housing by compressed air during the operation of the fire extinguisher.

[0089] The means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent is made in the form of a shut-off and starting device and a barrel connected to it, designed with the possibility of mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent separately fed into it and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent by atmospheric air ejected into the barrel.

[0090] The fire extinguisher is designed with the possibility of obtaining foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent in the form of a quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing and foaming the mixture

[0091] component A in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, in a ratio, wt.%: 10-70, predominantly 20-50 sodium silicate, 1-15, predominantly 3-6 foaming surfactant, the rest is water, and

[0092] component B in the form of 20-60%, mainly from a 30-50% aqueous solution of acetic acid,

[0093] with a volume ratio of components A and B from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1, with the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness within 1 second to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of no more than 10% within 24 hours,

[0094] obtaining a solid foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel, which has thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 60 minutes, which

[0095] contains, by weight, 13-65%, mainly 20-50%, silica, 1-15%, mainly 6%, foaming surfactant, water is the rest;

[0096] has a bulk density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm 3 ;

[0097] has a volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of no more than 10%,

[0098] and in a dehydrated state

[0099] has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm 3 And

[0100] retains at least 95% of its volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes;

[0101] has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of ​​at least 20 m 2 / G;

[0102] has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20;

[0103] has a viscosity hardness of more than 100 Pa⋅s;

[0104] is white or yellowish white in color.

[0105] Container 5 with component B is made in the form of a glass located in the body made of a material that is neutral to the effects of acidic and alkaline environments, for example, stainless steel, with the ability to feed component B from the container with component B into the pipeline of component B and under the action of the pressure of compressed air supplied inside.

[0106] The fire extinguisher contains a shut-off and starting device designed with the possibility, at the beginning of the use of the fire extinguisher, of sequentially supplying first component A and then component B into the barrel, and at the end of the use of the fire extinguisher, of sequentially stopping the supply of first component B and then component A into the barrel.

[0107] The shut-off and starting device of a fire extinguisher comprises a valve of component A and a valve of component B, provided with rods of different lengths, configured with the possibility, at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, of sequentially opening first the valve of component A and then the valve of component B, and upon termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, of sequentially closing first the valve of component B and then the valve of component A, and is configured with the possibility of actuating the fire extinguisher by sequentially opening / closing the valves of components A and B with the possibility of ensuring the sequential supply of components A and B at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, as well as the primary cessation of the supply of component B into the barrel and the subsequent cessation of component A into the barrel upon termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher.

[0108] The shut-off and starting device comprises a lever containing a release part in the form of a handle pressed against the handle and a piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of the valve stems of components A and B, which, due to their different lengths, ensure the primary supply of component A to the barrel upon the start of the functional use of the fire extinguisher and the subsequent supply of component B to the barrel, as well as the primary cessation of the supply of component B to the barrel and the subsequent cessation of the supply of component A to the barrel upon the cessation of use of the fire extinguisher.

[0109] The means for separately feeding the components of the fire extinguishing agent into the means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent is made in the form of pipelines of components of the fire extinguishing agent located one inside the other.

[0110] Brief description of drawings

[0111] The essence of the utility model and the possibility of its industrial implementation are illustrated by figures of photographs and drawings, in which the following are shown by position numbers:

[0112] 1 - a shut-off and starting device barrel with the ability to form and supply a flow of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel;

[0113] 2 - a shut-off and starting device with the ability to open / close pipelines of fire extinguishing agent components in an optimal sequence and proportion, mix the components of the fire extinguishing agent and foam their mixture in a mixing chamber in the barrel to form a flow of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel;

[0114] 3 - U-shaped sealed fire extinguisher body for storing one component of the fire extinguishing agent (component A) and placing in it a sealed container for another component of the fire extinguishing agent (component B),

[0115] 4 - siphon tube for feeding the pressure displaced from the component A housing first into the component A pipeline and into the shut-off and starting device;

[0116] 5 - a sealed container of component B located inside the housing and made in the shape of a glass with walls made of solid material;

[0117] 6 - a pipeline for supplying component A with a pipeline for component B located inside it, providing a joint supply of components A and B to the shut-off and starting device;

[0118] 7 - component B supply pipeline;

[0119] 8 - a nipple for supplying compressed air to the sealed container of component B located in the housing;

[0120] 9 - nipple for supplying compressed air to the housing with component A;

[0121] 10 - a cylinder with compressed air, rigidly attached to the body by means of bolted connections, which is the pressure source for supplying components A and B to the shut-off and starting device,

[0122] 11 - gas reducers of the BVZO-50-4 type installed on a compressed air cylinder to reduce the pressure of compressed air coming from the cylinder and maintain optimal working pressure inside the housing with component A and inside the sealed container with component B,

[0123] 12 - handle for easy movement of the fire extinguisher using wheels 13;

[0124] 14 - stop for fixing a stable vertical position of the fire extinguisher.

[0125] 15 - an opening in the shut-off and starting device for installing a safety pin to prevent the spontaneous entry of components A and B into the shut-off and starting device;

[0126] 16 - body of the shut-off and starting device with indication of the line BB of its section along the valves of components A and B;

[0127] 17 - handle of the shut-off and starting device;

[0128] 18 - locking and starting device lever;

[0129] 19 - valve stem of component A;

[0130] 20 - valve stem of component B;

[0131] 21 - a sleeve located inside the shut-off and starting device in front of the device with a central opening for component B and peripheral openings for component A for feeding them into the mixing chamber in the barrel for mixing and foaming their mixture by means of air flows entering the ejector made in the barrel.

[0132] Fig. 1 shows a general view of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing with quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel.

[0133] Fig. 2 shows a side view of the fire extinguisher and the section direction along line AA.

[0134] Fig. 3 shows a front view of the fire extinguisher and a sectional view along line AA.

[0135] Fig. 4 shows a section of the shut-off and starting device with the section line B-B indicated and a diagram of the formation of a flow of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel in the barrel of the shut-off and starting device.

[0136] Fig. 5 shows a section of the shut-off and starting device along line A-A and shut-off valves of components A and B with stems of different lengths.

[0137] Fig. 6 shows a model fire source at the start of fire extinguisher testing.

[0138] Figs. 7 and 8 show a model fire site during and after its treatment with fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel.

[0139] Implementation of a utility model

[0140] The proposed fire extinguisher for explosion prevention and solid foam extinguishing with fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel (hereinafter referred to as the fire extinguisher) is designed for explosion prevention and extinguishing of fires at the initial stage of their occurrence in closed spaces and in open areas during the combustion of various flammable materials.

[0141] The fire extinguisher is supplied with a charged foam-forming solution in the housing (component A) and a foam hardener in a sealed container inside the housing (component B). The main technical characteristics of the proposed fire extinguisher are listed in Table 1.

[0142] Table 1

[0143] Item No. Name of parameters and characteristics Meaning 1 Length of foam jet, m 4÷6 2 Continuous operation time, sec 40÷60 3 Working pressure in the fire extinguisher body with component A, MPa 0,8 - 1 4 Working pressure in a sealed container with component B, MPa 0,8 - 1 5 Fire extinguishing charge component A) An aqueous solution of sodium silicate foaming agent with foaming agent) 6 Fire extinguishing charge component B) Aqueous solution of acetic acid hardener) 7 Full body capacity, l 50 8 Volume of component A placed in the housing, l 40 9 Volume of the sealed container for component B located in the housing, l 4 10 Overall dimensions, mm, no more than: - length - width - height 660 600 1350 11 Weight of fire extinguisher, kg, no more than: - without charge - with charge 40 80

[0144] A cylinder with high-pressure compressed air up to 150 kgf / cm is used as a source of creating the working pressure in the fire extinguisher. 2 ), with pressure reducers BVZO-50-4. One of the reducers is installed on the compressed air displacement line of component A, the second reducer is located on the compressed air displacement line of component B.

[0145] Structurally, the proposed fire extinguisher contains Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5):

[0146] barrel 1 with the ability to form in it and supply from it to the source of fire a stream of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel;

[0147] shut-off and starting device 2 with the ability to open / close pipelines of fire extinguishing agent components in the optimal sequence and in the optimal proportion of the ratio of fire extinguishing agent components, mixing the fire extinguishing agent components and foaming their mixture in the mixing chamber in the barrel 1 with the formation of a flow of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel;

[0148] a sealed body 3 of a fire extinguisher for storing one component of the fire extinguishing agent (component A) and placing in it a sealed container for another component of the fire extinguishing agent (component B).

[0149] The sealed body of the fire extinguisher is made in a U-shape in the form of three cylinders communicating with each other, one of which in the upper part of the body is oriented horizontally, and the other two cylinders are oriented predominantly vertically and their lower ends are connected to each other from below by means of branches, and the upper ends are hermetically closed with lids, to which are connected pipelines for supplying compressed air to the body and to a sealed container located inside the body for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent from a cylinder with compressed air rigidly attached to the body, which is a pressure source for supplying, by means of siphon tubes, components of the fire extinguishing agent and the corresponding pipelines to the shut-off and starting device, respectively, from the sealed body with one of the components and the sealed body with the other component located in the body (Figs. 1, 2, 3).

[0150] The sealed container for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent, located inside the housing, is made in the form of a sealed cylindrical cup made of a solid material resistant to the effects of acidic and alkaline environments, for example, stainless steel, with the possibility of supplying compressed air into it and squeezing out of it through the corresponding siphon tube and pipeline of the second component of the fire extinguishing agent placed in it into the means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent (Fig. 3).

[0151] The fire extinguisher operates on the principle of feeding, mixing and foaming a binary mixture of fire extinguishing agent components to produce a quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel formed in the fire extinguisher barrel by mixing component A in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and a foaming surfactant and component B in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid and subsequent foaming of their mixture.

[0152] Components A and B are placed inside the fire extinguisher: component A in the cylinders of the fire extinguisher body, and component B in a sealed container located inside the body.

[0153] After the compressed air cylinder is activated, the compressed air pressure forces components A and B out of their storage locations separately and feeds them through appropriate pipelines into the shut-off and starting device for mixing in a certain proportion and foaming the mixture of components with air to produce a stream of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel in the barrel.

[0154] Component A enters the barrel, where it is mixed in a ratio of 8:1 with component B, and is ejected through the barrel of the shut-off and starting device outward in the form of foamed silica gel, settling on the surfaces of the fire source in the form of quickly hardening foam.

[0155] Structurally, the shut-off and starting device includes Fig. 4):

[0156] Barrel 1, designed for mixing components A and B with air and forming a quick-hardening foam in the form of foamed silica;

[0157] the body of the shut-off and starting device 16, which is a distribution device with the ability to supply components A and B in a certain proportion;

[0158] handle 17 for holding the shut-off and starting device in the hand;

[0159] Lever 18 of the shut-off and starting device, designed to activate the fire extinguisher,

[0160] Stem 19 of valve A, designed to supply component A from the fire extinguisher body;

[0161] stem 20 of valve B, designed to supply component B from a sealed container of component B located inside the housing;

[0162] distributing device in the form of a sleeve 21 with a central opening for component B and peripheral openings for component A. with the ability to dose components A and B entering the barrel in a certain ratio.

[0163] The valves of components A and B are structurally identical, but differ in the length of their stems. Stem 19 of valve component A is 2.5 mm longer than stem 20 of valve component B (Fig. 5).

[0164] When lever 18 acts on the stems 19 and 20 of the valves of components A and B, the valves open and components A and B begin to flow into their mixing chamber.

[0165] In this case, due to the difference in the length of the rods 19 and 20, the rod 19 of the component A valve is first set in reciprocating motion, opening the channel of component A, which, under pressure in the housing, begins to flow from the housing through the pipeline 6 of component A through the distribution device 21 into the barrel 1.

[0166] After the displacement of the stem 19 of the component A valve by 2.5 mm, the lever 18 of the shut-off and starting mechanism begins to press on the stem 20 of the component B valve and the channel of the component B opens, which begins to flow from the component B container located inside the housing via the pipeline 7 of the component B through the distribution device 21 into the barrel 1.

[0167] All this increases the reliability of the fire extinguisher, prevents the barrel from clogging with solid foam and provides the ability to repeatedly turn the fire extinguisher on / off until the components of the fire extinguishing agent are completely used up, which is almost always impossible in chemical fire extinguishers of known designs.

[0168] Thus, when lever 18 is fully pressed, both component A and component B begin to flow into the mixing chamber in the barrel.

[0169] At the outlet of the mixing chamber, a flow of air-foamed mixture of components A and B is formed in the form of foamed silica gel, which, when it hits the source of the fire, forms a quickly hardening foam.

[0170] Structurally, the body of the fire extinguisher 3 (Fig. 1, 2, 3) is made in a U-shape in the form of three communicating cylindrical cylinders, one of which is located in the upper part of the body and is oriented horizontally, and the other two cylinders are oriented predominantly vertically, their lower ends are connected to each other from below by means of corresponding branches, and the upper ends are hermetically sealed with threaded caps, to which are connected pipelines 6 and 7, arranged according to the principle of a pipe in a pipe, for the separate supply of components of the fire extinguishing agent to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent, as well as lines for supplying compressed air to the body and to a sealed container 5 located inside the body for the second component of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0171] The horizontally oriented cylinder in the upper part of the housing not only provides for the creation of additional capacity for component A with an increase in its nominal volume to 40 l, but also ensures the equalization of pressure in the vertically oriented cylinders of compressed air pressure when it is supplied to the housing only through one nipple 9 located on one of them for supplying compressed air to the housing.

[0172] Axles for mounting wheels 13 and a stop 14 are welded to the outside of the lower part of the body.

[0173] The body is made of AISI 304 stainless steel, resistant to the effects of an alkaline solution of component A in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with a foaming agent, and is painted on the outside with powder paint.

[0174] The fire extinguisher body covers and shut-off and starting device parts are also made of stainless steel.

[0175] The fire extinguisher body is designed for an excess internal pressure of 1 MPa, and is tested with a test pressure of 1.5 MPa.

[0176] The sealed container 5 of component B located inside the housing is a steel cylinder with a volume of 4 liters, through which a steel siphon tube 4 of component A can pass. Inside the container 5 of component B, there is a siphon tube of component B, communicating with the pipeline 7 of component B, and a nipple 8 for supplying compressed air into it is connected to the upper part of the container 5.

[0177] In the middle part of the body between the vertically oriented cylinders, a cylinder with compressed air 10 is rigidly attached by means of bolted connections, which is the pressure source for feeding components A and B through the shut-off and starting device into the barrel,

[0178] Gas reducers 11, mainly of the BVZO-50-4 type, installed on the compressed air cylinder ensure the reduction of the pressure of the compressed air coming from the cylinder and the maintenance of the optimal working pressure of 0.8-1.0 MPa inside the sealed housing with component A and inside the sealed container 5 located in the housing with component B,

[0179] The fire extinguisher works and is used as follows:

[0180] To activate the fire extinguisher, open the compressed air cylinder valve, open the valves of the A and B discharge channels, and then quickly pull pin 15 from the shut-off and release device. It takes 1-3 seconds for this fire extinguisher to reach operating pressure.

[0181] To start the fire extinguisher, point the barrel towards the source of the fire, pull the safety pin out of the hole 15 and press the lever 18 of the shut-off and starting device, pressing it against the handle 17.

[0182] The piston part of the lever 18, pressing on the rod 19 of the component A valve, opens the supply channel of the component A. Due to the working pressure of the compressed air inside the housing, the component A begins to be forced out through the siphon tube 4 into the pipeline 6 of the component A and enters the distribution device 21.

[0183] Due to the difference in the height of the rods 19 and 20, component A is the first to pass through the distribution device 21 and the first to enter the barrel 1.

[0184] Then the piston part of the lever 18 begins to act on the stem 20 of the component B valve and the component B supply channel opens.

[0185] The compressed air pressure in the sealed container of component B begins to displace component B and it begins to flow into pipeline 7 of component B, and then into distribution device 21 and into trunk 1.

[0186] The mixing of components A and B occurs in the displacement chamber of barrel 1. The resulting binary mixture of components A and B, passing through the mixing chamber in barrel 1, is foamed by atmospheric air entering through the corresponding ejection holes in the barrel, forming an air-foam mixture, which then flies out of the barrel as a continuous stream of foamed silica gel and is directed to the source of the fire.

[0187] When lever 18 is pressed back, the supply of component B is first stopped, and when lever 18 is fully pressed, the supply of component A to the shut-off and starting device is also stopped.

[0188] After use, the fire extinguisher must be refilled with foaming solution in the housing (component A of the binary mixture) and foam hardener in container 5 (component B of the binary mixture). Refilling the fire extinguisher with binary mixture components is performed only at the manufacturer's facility.

[0189] The compressed air cylinder must not be completely deflated; the residual pressure in the cylinder must not be lower than 0.05 MPa.

[0190] After using the fire extinguisher, charge the compressed air cylinder to a nominal pressure of 150 kgf / cm 2 .

[0191] When operating, follow the safety and maintenance measures specified in the fire extinguisher passport, taking into account that component A (aqueous solution of sodium silicate) has an alkaline environment, component B (aqueous solution of acetic acid) has an acidic environment, and their mixture is electrically conductive.

[0192] Only personnel familiar with the fire extinguisher's design and operating instructions are permitted to service the fire extinguisher. Disassembling the fire extinguisher after use is permitted only after completely releasing pressure from the fire extinguisher body and the sealed container of component B.

[0193] It is strictly prohibited to tighten the threaded connections when there is air pressure in the fire extinguisher body and in the sealed container 5.

[0194] The fire extinguisher should be stored away from heating devices, at a distance of at least 1 meter.

[0195] The fire extinguisher is operational in the range of positive ambient temperatures of 5÷50°C and relative air humidity up to 100%, in moderate and tropical climates.

[0196] A chemical process for producing a foamed silica gel and a rapid-hardening foam based on foamed silica includes a step of forming a silica sol and a step of foaming the silica sol to form a foamed silica gel with the release of water, as well as a step of dehydrating the foamed silica gel to obtain a solid foam ceramic material based on foamed silica from the rapid-hardening foam.

[0197] The formation of silica sol occurs as a result of mixing and mutual homogenization of a mixture of an aqueous solution of alkali metal silicate, predominantly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, component A), and a silica sol formation activator, component B).

[0198] The transition of alkali metal silicate, hereinafter in the preferred variant - sodium silicate, into silica is caused by the chemical reaction of hydrolysis of sodium silicate in an aqueous medium in the presence of an activator of ash formation with the formation of silicic acid

[0199]

[0200] and subsequent condensation of silicic acid, promoting nucleation of the dispersed phase of silica sol and the release of water

[0201]

[0202] The influence of the sol formation activator on the polymerization of the formed silica monomers and the limitation of this stage of the process from further gelation is determined by the size of the hydrodynamic radius of the particles in the range of up to 50 nm, since it is known that an increase in the concentration and size of the dispersed phase leads to the appearance of coagulation contacts between the particles and the beginning of structuring

[0203] As the authors' research has shown, it is advisable to use acidic solutions with a pH of 0.5 to 5, for example, an aqueous solution of 20 to 60%, preferably a 30-50% aqueous solution of acetic acid, as an activator of silica ash formation from alkali metal silicate component B).

[0204] The volume ratio of components A and B is from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1.

[0205] Components A and B are mixed and foamed to form a rapidly hardening silica foam with a multiplicity of 2-60 with reactions of silica sol formation and polycondensation of silica sol with a sol-gel transition of silica occurring in the foam medium to obtain a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness using the above components in the specified ratio for a period of 1 second to 1.5 minutes and a change in its volume of no more than 10% within 24 hours.

[0206] As a result of natural or forced release of moisture from foamed silica gel, a solid foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel is obtained, which, while maintaining the foamed structure, has thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which allows the use of the resulting foamed silica gel and foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent in explosion and fire prevention, including for extinguishing and localizing forest fires by creating fire-resistant foam barrier strips, as an insulating material in construction and other industries, for localizing radiation-hazardous areas and emergency spills of hazardous chemicals, for fire and explosion prevention during emergency spills of molten metals such as copper, aluminum, etc.

[0207] As the authors’ research has shown, it is advisable to carry out mixing of components A and B simultaneously with foaming of the mixture of components A and B, for example, in the barrel of an ejector mixer-foam generator of the design shown in Fig. 3.

[0208] The resulting fast-hardening expanded silica foam has good adhesion to various fire extinguishing objects, including vertical metal surfaces, and high structural and mechanical resistance to the adverse effects of external factors, such as heat flows and wind.

[0209] The concentrations and conditions of mutual dispersion of alkali metal silicate and silica ash activator, as well as the concentration of sodium silicate, the chemical properties of the foaming surfactant have a significant impact on the ash formation and foaming process during foaming, and therefore the choice of concentrations and specific components of the foaming surfactant and silica ash activator may change in specific cases.

[0210] As the studies conducted by the authors have shown, it is advisable to carry out mixing of the components and foaming of their mixture to form a foamed silica gel in the time range of 1-5 seconds, during which the mechanical strength of the gel is gained with the formation of a sub-solid mass of foamed silica with a viscosity of up to 100 Pa⋅s, which, as is known, corresponds to the concept of a solid state of matter.

[0211] In addition, within this time range, foam is usually supplied to the fire from a distance of up to 10 m or more.

[0212] The growth of silica monomer chains as a result of polycondensation of silica sol particles leads to an increase in their average hydrodynamic radius and, consequently, to an increase in coagulation contacts between silica sol nanoparticles.

[0213] Due to the high homogenization of the mixture of the alkali metal silicate solution with the surfactant and the ash formation activator solution during their simultaneous mixing and foaming in the ejector mixer-foam generator at the stage of silica sol formation, the achievement of the energy barrier, which determines the possibility of chemical interaction of individual silica sol monomers through the equilibrium thickness of the foam wall layer as a dispersion medium, occurs in the entire volume of the foamed mixture of components with a sufficiently high homogeneity.

[0214] This allows the transition of the solution mixture from the state of silica sol to silica gel at a sufficiently high speed, with the formation of a rapidly hardening foamed silica gel.

[0215] Further polycondensation of silica sol particles into silica gel in foam leads to the release of chemically bonded water molecules and compaction of the formed inorganic polymer of foamed silica with the release of water and dehydration.

[0216] External factors, such as exposure to high temperature during fire, can accelerate the water release and dehydration stage, and the increase in thermal stability of inorganic silica polymer will be proportional to the amount of chemically bonded water molecules released, which ultimately contributes to the improvement of the fire extinguishing ability of foamed silica.

[0217] As a result of the detailed physicochemical process, a foamed silica gel is obtained, which, according to the results of the studies conducted by the authors, in a non-dehydrated state has the following main properties and characteristics:

[0218] contains, by weight, 13-65%, mainly 20-50% silica, 1-15%, mainly 6% foaming surfactant, water-the rest;

[0219] has a bulk density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm 3 ;

[0220] has a volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of no more than 10%.

[0221] In a dehydrated state, foamed silica gel

[0222] has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm 3 And

[0223] retains at least 95% of its volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes;

[0224] has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of ​​at least 20 m 2 / G;

[0225] has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20;

[0226] has a viscosity hardness of more than 100 Pa⋅s;

[0227] is white or yellowish white in color.

[0228] The foamed silica gel in the preferred embodiment of the utility model is obtained by mixing and ejection foaming a mixture of an aqueous solution of 10-70%, preferably 20-50%, sodium silicate, and 1-15%, preferably 6%, synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, with 1 to 6%, preferably 20 to 50% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a weight ratio of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of acetic acid from 15:1 to 5:1, preferably 10:1.

[0229] Foamed silica gel is obtained on the basis of an aqueous solution of silica sol formed in the process of hydrolysis of a foamed mixture of a sodium silicate solution with a foaming agent with a pH of 10.5 to 12.0 and an ash formation activator with a pH of 1 to 5 when using an acid solution or with a pH of 3 to 8 when using a salt solution, with a hydrodynamic radius of silica particles of no more than 50 nm during ejection foaming of the silica sol solution during the growth of silica monomers to an average diameter of silica sol of 100 nm with a set of mechanical strength in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPa⋅s to 100 Pa⋅s in the time range of 1-10 seconds.

[0230] The specified general and preferred process parameters have been determined as a result of studies conducted by the authors. In this case, when obtaining foamed silica sol, solutions of alkali and alkaline earth metal silicates can also be used, in particular sodium silicate, as the most common alkali metal silicate in industrial production. Foaming surfactants of various brands can also be used, in particular foaming agents for fire extinguishing of the PO-6CT, Firex, NSV, PO-6 TF brands and others that satisfy the conditions for maintaining stability over time, being mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and without changing their chemical composition;

[0231] Soluble alkali metal silicate of lithium, potassium, sodium, commonly called "liquid glass", is a viscous liquid with the general chemical formula R2O⋅mSiO2⋅nH2O (where R2O is the alkali metal oxide, m is the liquid glass modulus) with a density of 1400-1500 kg / m33 and a dynamic viscosity coefficient of up to 1 Pa⋅s.

[0232] Liquid sodium glass mixes with water in any proportions and when contained in a fire extinguishing composition in the specified amount of 10-70%, preferably from 20 to 70%, it changes the viscosity of the solution from 6 mPa⋅s to 40 mPa⋅s when the density of the solution changes from 1020 kg / m3 3 up to 1250 kg / m 3 .

[0233] Within the specified concentration range of liquid glass in an aqueous solution, the viscosity of the solution increases by 4-500 times compared to the viscosity of water (0.001 Pa⋅s, 20°C). Such a change in the viscosity of aqueous solutions used for fire extinguishing is practically unachievable when using organic or inorganic thickeners.

[0234] Furthermore, dissolving liquid glass in water significantly increases the density of the solution, which increases the kinetic energy of the fire extinguishing solution or foam jet compared to a water jet directed at the fire at the same speed. This also increases the range of the fire extinguishing solution or foam jet.

[0235] When preparing the proposed fire extinguishing agent, it is necessary to use liquid glass with a modulus m=SiO2 / R2O=2.5-3.2. This range was selected based on the economic feasibility of using the most common and accessible liquid glass compositions.

[0236] The specified silicate modulus range allows for significant cost reductions in production, providing a positive economic impact on the final product. However, the use of a different modulus with a slight deviation from the specified range of ±0.5 is permitted.

[0237] This range covers almost all types of liquid glass produced by industry.

[0238] The shelf life of liquid glass solution in sealed metal containers is practically unlimited and does not cause metal corrosion.

[0239] The selection of the reagent concentration was based on the conditions that the increase in hardness of the foamed substrate from silica sol during the transition to the gel state was accompanied by an increase in viscosity up to 100 Pa⋅s over a set time interval of 1-10 seconds.

[0240] The lower value of the set time interval (1 s) is determined based on the minimum possible time for homogenization of a mixture of solutions with simultaneous foaming.

[0241] The upper value of the set time interval (10 seconds) was determined experimentally based on visual observation of the deterioration of the structural and mechanical parameters of foam at fire extinguishing facilities.

[0242] By intensively homogenizing a mixture of component B (predominantly an aqueous solution of acetic acid) and component A, consisting of an aqueous solution of a surfactant (surfactant) and an alkali metal silicate, a silica sol can be obtained that is promising for producing foamed silica gel, however, the key parameters in this case are the concentrations of silicate and sol formation activator, the mixing and foaming conditions of the components, which were determined experimentally by the authors.

[0243] The research took into account such indicators as the stability of the foamed material, the structure of the foamed material, the expansion ratio of the foamed material, the fire extinguishing properties and the heat resistance of the material.

[0244] Stability is characterized by the period of time during which the foams did not change their volume, i.e. a decrease in volume of 10%).

[0245] The structure of the foam material was assessed visually after curing and drying for about 3 days at a temperature of 25±5°C).

[0246] Foam multiplicity was determined by the weight method.

[0247] Fire extinguishing properties - extinguishing time of a model fire source 1A.

[0248] Heat resistance is the preservation of the structure and properties of a material when heated to a certain temperature, above which partial melting of the surface layer and its compaction begins.

[0249] The operation of conventional fire extinguishers is based on one or more of the following three operating principles:

[0250] 1) Water base: spray water supply to extinguish flames and cool the combustion zone to a temperature below the flash point to prevent flame spread;

[0251] 2) Dry powder or foam: surrounding the fire area with wet foam or dry powder in order to limit flame tongues, block combustion of oxygen and, as a result, extinguish the flame tongues;

[0252] 3) preventing the supply of oxygen to the combustion zone or displacing oxygen from the combustion zone, creating conditions under which combustion cannot continue.

[0253] A distinctive characteristic feature of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and solid foam extinguishing, hereinafter referred to as the "fire extinguisher" or "solid foam extinguishing fire extinguisher", is the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel that forms a rapidly hardening foam of low and medium expansion, obtained by mixing, ejection mixing and foaming of liquid components of the fire extinguishing agent placed in the body of the fire extinguisher: component A - an aqueous solution of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate, predominantly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, and component B - an activator of silica ash formation in the form of an aqueous solution of predominantly acetic acid.

[0254] The fire extinguishing agent of the proposed fire extinguisher is a foamed silica gel that forms a quickly hardening foam obtained by mixing two liquid components of the fire extinguishing agent - component A and component B - and ejecting foaming of their mixture with atmospheric air.

[0255] Component A is an aqueous solution of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate, predominantly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, with a pH of 10.5 to 12.0, in a ratio, by weight, of 10-70%, predominantly 20-50% sodium silicate, 1-15%, predominantly 6% foaming surfactant, and 30-79% water.

[0256] Component B - an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate silica ash activator is a 20 to 60%, preferably 30-50% aqueous solution of predominantly acetic acid with a pH of 0.5 to 5.

[0257] The volume ratio of components A and B is from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1.

[0258] A mixture of components A and B is foamed with atmospheric air in an ejector mixer-foam generator to form a rapidly hardening silica foam (foamed silica gel) with reactions of silica ash formation and silica sol polycondensation occurring in the foam medium, with a sol-gel transition of silica and with the production of foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness within 2 seconds to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of no more than 10% within 24 hours.

[0259] By releasing excess moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel is obtained, which, while maintaining the foamed structure, has thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of at least 1000°C for up to 60 minutes, which allows the use of the resulting foamed silica gel and foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel as an effective fire extinguishing agent in extinguishing and explosion and fire prevention, including by creating fire-resistant foam barrier strips.

[0260] If necessary, the resulting solid foam (solid foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel) can be mechanically destroyed to obtain fine silica powder, which in chemical essence is environmentally safe fine ordinary sand SiO2.

[0261] Thus, the fight against fire by means of silica gel foam, which forms a fast-hardening heat-resistant inorganic foam, is carried out through an effective combination of all factors, combining the individual advantages of various types of known fire extinguishers.

[0262] The specific technical advantages of the proposed explosion and fire prevention and solid foam fire extinguisher are as follows:

[0263] 1) Free, physically and chemically bound water of the foamed silica gel lowers the temperature of the fire zone by absorbing latent heat and helping to extinguish the fire;

[0264] 2) The foamed silica gel forms an excellent heat-resistant and heat-insulating layer, limiting the hot combustion zone, which, despite cooling due to process 1), can radiate heat, spreading it to adjacent water-cooled areas;

[0265] 3) solid silica foam forms a covering layer in the form of a protective heat and gas insulating fire-resistant coating that prevents any ignition of combustible material in this area located under this covering layer;

[0266] 4) Solid silica foam with nano-sized silica particles creates a barrier between the combustible material not yet engulfed in flames and the oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere, which is necessary for combustion to occur;

[0267] 5) Nano-sized silica particles, due to the formation of a three-dimensional lattice structure, not only retain water well, but also ensure the adhesion of finely dispersed silica particles to the fire extinguishing object, and the fast-hardening foam, unlike water and ordinary liquid air-mechanical water foam, which flows down from vertical, inclined and uneven surfaces, ensures the formation of a solid foam heat and gas insulating barrier.

[0268] The fire extinguisher is supplied charged in a sealed fire extinguisher body with a two-component foam-forming solution (component A) and a silica ash formation activator in an elastic bag located inside the fire extinguisher body (component B).

[0269] The fire extinguisher is filled with components A and B at the manufacturer’s plant.

[0270] The proposed fire extinguisher is characterized by the original layout of the U-shaped fire extinguisher body.

[0271] The fire extinguisher is mounted on two wheels with a stop for a stable vertical position, allowing for convenient and ergonomic transportation and vertical orientation of the fire extinguisher during storage and use.

[0272] The original U-shaped design of the fire extinguisher body allows, compared to the prototype, to increase the total internal volume of the fire extinguisher up to 40 l) with practically the same overall height of the fire extinguisher compared to the prototype, and also allows the pressure generating device to be placed in the middle part of the body without increasing its overall dimensions.

[0273] A safety pin can be inserted through the holes 15 in the handle and lever, which protects the fire extinguisher from accidental activation when the lever is accidentally pressed.

[0274] The operating principle of the fire extinguisher shut-off and starting mechanism is based on the mechanical action of the piston part of the lever on the valve stems of components A and B, respectively.

[0275] The action occurs due to the pressing of the release part of the lever to the handle, as a result of which the passage of components A and B into the corresponding pipelines is sequentially opened.

[0276] Accordingly, when the release part of the lever is pressed away from the handle, the passage of components B and A in the corresponding pipelines is sequentially closed.

[0277] To protect against corrosion, the fire extinguisher body can be painted on the inside with an epoxy paint coating that is resistant to the alkaline solution of component A, and painted on the outside with powder paint.

[0278] The covers, distribution and shut-off mechanisms and the starting device of the gas generator cartridge are made of stainless steel.

[0279] The fire extinguisher body is designed for an excess internal working pressure of 1 MPa and is tested with a test pressure of 1.5 MPa.

[0280] Component B tank is designed to store the silica ash activator solution, which is an acidic solution such as an acid solution or a salt solution. This tank is located inside the housing of component A and interacts externally with the alkaline environment.

[0281] The fire extinguishing efficiency of the proposed solid foam fire extinguisher was determined using a standardized method when extinguishing a model fire source 1A in accordance with GOST 51057-2001.

[0282] The tests were carried out outdoors at a temperature corresponding to the operating temperature range of the fire extinguisher used, and a wind speed not exceeding 5 m / s, in the absence of precipitation.

[0283] Increasing the reliability of the fire extinguisher operation is ensured by the implementation of a shut-off and starting mechanism and a distribution device with the possibility of first feeding component A into the mixing and foaming means and mixing components A and B directly in the foaming means, namely, they are made with the possibility, when the operation of the fire extinguisher begins, of sequentially feeding component A and then component B of the fire extinguishing agent into the mixing and foaming means, and when the operation of the fire extinguisher ends, of sequentially stopping the supply of component B and then component A of the fire extinguishing agent into the spraying and foaming means.This not only completely prevents the possibility of hardening of the foamed silica gel inside the pipeline supplying the fire extinguishing agent to the foaming agent and inside the mixing-foaming agent, but also ensures the possibility of repeated switching on / off of the fire extinguisher and its repeated normal use until the charges of components A and B are completely exhausted.

[0284] Practical tests of the possibility of achieving the technical result and industrial implementation of the method of the device were carried out in the open air at a temperature corresponding to the operating temperature range of the fire extinguisher used, and a wind speed not exceeding 5 m / s, in the absence of precipitation (Fig. 6, 7, 8).

[0285] The model fire source 1A according to GOST 51057-2001 was a wooden stack in the form of a cube, placed on a solid support in such a way that the distance from the base of the stack to the supporting surface was 400 mm.

[0286] 72 coniferous timber bars of at least the third grade according to GOST 8486-86 with a cross-section of 40 mm, a length of 500 mm, and a moisture content of 10-20% were used as combustible material.

[0287] The stack contained 12 layers of 6 blocks each, arranged so that the blocks in each subsequent layer were perpendicular to the blocks in the layer below, forming rectangular channels throughout the stack. The free surface area of ​​the model firebox was 4.7 m 2

[0288] Under the stack there was a metal tray for flammable liquid measuring 400×400×100 mm, into which 5.0 dm3 was poured 3 to form a continuous flat surface and 1.1 dm 3 summer grade gasoline that meets the requirements of GOST R 51105-97.

[0289] A pallet containing flammable liquid was placed under a stack so that the centers of the stack and the pallet coincided.

[0290] They set fire to gasoline in the tray and after 8-10 minutes from the moment the fire started, when the stack was engulfed in flames on all sides (Fig. 6), they began to extinguish the model fire using various fire extinguishing agents.

[0291] During extinguishing, the fire source was rotated at a speed of 3-5 rpm, which made it possible to supply fire extinguishing agents to each side of the source sequentially and without operator intervention, eliminating the influence of the human factor.

[0292] Extinguishing using the proposed solid foam fire extinguisher was carried out by supplying fast-hardening foam made of foamed silica gel at a flow rate of 0.9-1.1 l / s at a pressure of 0.7-0.8 MPa at a distance from the barrel to the source of the fire of 4-6 m. The fire extinguisher was installed permanently.

[0293] After the visually observed end of extinguishing the model fire with various fire extinguishing compounds, the time until re-ignition was recorded.

[0294] The model fire was considered extinguished if within 10 minutes there was no re-ignition followed by stable combustion of the stack.

[0295] Field tests also demonstrated the possibility of quickly coating the surfaces of flammable liquid spills and explosive objects with fast-hardening silica gel foam, providing a sharp reduction in the evaporation rate of flammable liquids and the heating of explosive objects within a few seconds, which ensures fast and effective explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing at the very beginning of emergency situations.

[0296] Thus, the use of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion prevention and solid foam extinguishing ensures the confident achievement of a technical result, namely, it significantly increases the reliability of the fire extinguisher and the effectiveness of fire extinguishing with fast-hardening foam made of foamed silica gel, and also proves that all the essential features of the utility model are in a causal relationship with the technical result obtained from the use of the invention.

[0297] Specific materials, design features and manufacturing technology of a fire extinguisher and / or its individual parts are selected in the usual manner in relation to the specific conditions of its operation.

[0298] The production of prototypes and the above examples of real-world testing have demonstrated the confident achievement of technical results.

[0299] Various materials and design solutions known in fire extinguishing technology, commonly used in the manufacture and use of fire extinguishers, can be used as individual elements and units of the proposed solid foam fire extinguisher.

[0300] The analysis also shows that all general and specific features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the technical result, but also allow the utility model to be implemented industrially.

[0301] Taking into account the novelty of the essential features, the technical solution to the problem, the significance of all general and particular features of the utility model proven in the section “Prior Art” and “Disclosure of the Utility Model”, the technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the utility model proven in the section “Implementation of the Utility Model”, the successful solution to the problem and the use of the utility model, in our opinion, the claimed utility model satisfies all the criteria for the protectability of utility models.

Claims

1. A fire extinguisher for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing with fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, containing a sealed housing with the ability to accommodate component A of the fire extinguishing agent with a sealed container for component B of the fire extinguishing agent located inside the housing, means for mixing and foaming a mixture of components A and B of a fire extinguishing agent, means for creating pressure inside the housing with the possibility of displacing components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent from the housing and from a sealed container located inside the housing into the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent and means for separately supplying components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent from the housing and from a sealed container located inside the housing to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that the pressure generating means is made in the form of a compressed air cylinder attached to the housing with the ability to supply compressed air into the housing with component A of the fire extinguishing agent and into a sealed container for component B of the fire extinguishing agent located inside the housing, and a sealed container for component B of the fire extinguishing agent located inside the housing is designed with the possibility of supplying compressed air into it and squeezing out component B of the fire extinguishing agent located in it into the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent.

2. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the body of the fire extinguisher is made in a U-shape in the form of three communicating cylinders, one of which is located in the upper part of the body and is oriented horizontally, and the other two cylinders are oriented vertically, their lower ends are connected to each other from below by means of corresponding branches, and the upper ends are hermetically sealed with lids, to which are connected pipelines for the separate supply of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent and lines for supplying compressed air to the body and to a sealed container for component B of the fire extinguishing agent located inside the body.

3. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it contains a means of protection against accidental activation of the fire extinguisher, made in the form of a safety pin that is removed when preparing the fire extinguisher for use.

4. A fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontally oriented cylinder of the housing is designed with the ability to store an additional volume of component A of the fire extinguishing agent and with the ability to equalize the levels of component A in the vertically oriented cylinders when it is forced out of the housing by compressed air during operation of the fire extinguisher.

5. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is designed with the possibility of obtaining foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent in the form of a quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing and foaming the mixture component A of a fire extinguishing agent in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and a foaming surfactant in the form of a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent in a ratio, wt.%: 10-70 sodium silicate, 1-15 foaming surfactant, the rest is water, and component B of the fire extinguishing agent in the form of a 20-60% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a volume ratio of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:

1.

6. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 5, characterized in that it is designed with the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness within 1 second to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of no more than 10% within 24 hours.

7. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 5, characterized in that it is designed with the possibility of obtaining a solid foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel, which has thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 60 minutes, which contains, by weight, 13-65%, mainly 20-50%, silica, 1-15%, mainly 6%, foaming surfactant, water is the rest; has a bulk density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm 3 ; has a volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of no more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm 3 And retains at least 95% of its volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes; has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of ​​at least 20 m 2 / G; has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20; has a viscosity hardness of more than 100 Pa⋅s; has a white or yellowish-white color.

8. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the container with component B of the fire extinguishing agent is made in the form of a cylinder made of a solid material that is neutral to the effects of acidic and alkaline environments, for example, stainless steel, with the possibility of feeding component B of the fire extinguishing agent from the container with component B of the fire extinguishing agent into the pipeline of component B of the fire extinguishing agent under the action of the pressure of compressed air supplied inside.

9. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent is made in the form of a shut-off and starting device and a nozzle connected to it, made with the possibility of mixing separately fed components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent by atmospheric air ejected into the nozzle.

10. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the shut-off and starting device is designed with the possibility, at the beginning of the use of the fire extinguisher, of sequentially feeding first component A and then component B of the fire extinguishing agent into the barrel, and at the end of the use of the fire extinguisher, of sequentially stopping the supply of first component B and then component A of the fire extinguishing agent into the barrel.

11. A fire extinguisher according to claim 10, characterized in that the shut-off and starting device contains a valve of component A and a valve of component B of the fire extinguishing agent, each provided with rods of different lengths, configured to sequentially open, at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, first the valve of component A and then the valve of component B of the fire extinguishing agent, and when the functional use of the fire extinguisher ceases, to sequentially close, first the valve of component B and then the valve of component A of the fire extinguishing agent.

12. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 10, characterized in that the shut-off and starting device is designed with the possibility of activating the fire extinguisher by sequentially opening / closing the valves of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent with the possibility of ensuring the sequential supply of components A and B at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, as well as the primary cessation of the supply of component B to the barrel and the subsequent cessation of component A of the fire extinguishing agent to the barrel upon cessation of the functional use of the fire extinguisher.

13. A fire extinguisher according to claim 12, characterized in that the shut-off and starting device contains a lever containing a release part in the form of a handle pressed against the handle and a piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of the valve rods of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent, ensuring, due to their different lengths, the primary supply of component A of the fire extinguishing agent into the barrel at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher and the subsequent supply of component B of the fire extinguishing agent into the barrel, as well as the primary cessation of the supply of component B of the fire extinguishing agent into the barrel and the subsequent cessation of the supply of component A of the fire extinguishing agent into the barrel at the end of the use of the fire extinguisher.

14. A fire extinguisher according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the means for separately supplying components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the fire extinguishing agent is made in the form of pipelines of components A and B of the fire extinguishing agent located one inside the other.

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