Device for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures

Abstract

The utility model relates to traumatology and can be used for the surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures. The device comprises a support bar with openings for mounting screws to the femur and an enlarged opening for inserting connecting pins. The device includes a device for positioning the support bar on the femur, consisting of two parallel gripping bars connected by a U-shaped bracket. A guide sleeve is secured to the bracket, creating the required clearances relative to the gripping bars. The guide sleeve is connected to the support bar by screws. The guide sleeve is positioned at the required angle to the surface of the support bar and is designed to accommodate a guide head, which has through-channels for drilling into the femur.The drive ends of the gripping bars interact via a control element, a lead screw mounted on one of the drive ends of the gripping bars, allowing interaction with the opposite second gripping bar. The device also includes a clamping bar, secured with screws to the support bar for final fixation of the connecting pins to the femur. The proposed utility model ensures the necessary force and reliability of femoral gripping to improve the quality of osteosynthesis.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of traumatology and can be used for the surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures and pertrochanteric fractures of the femur.

[0002] A device is known for osteosynthesis of fractures of the femoral neck, containing a supporting bar having openings for installing screws for fastening it to the femur and openings for passing connecting pins through them, and a pressure bar secured with screws to the supporting bar for final fixation of connecting pins on the femur (SU No. 1442200 A1, 07.12. 88).

[0003] This device for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures does not provide the necessary positioning of the supporting bar on the femur, since there are no elements for this, which does not allow for the necessary quality of osteosynthesis.

[0004] A device is known for osteosynthesis of fractures of the neck of the femur, containing a supporting bar having openings along the edges for installing screws for fastening it to the femur and an enlarged opening for passing a bundle of connecting needles through it, a device for positioning the supporting bar on the femur, made in the form of two parallel gripping bars connected to each other by an elastic U-shaped bracket, on which a guide sleeve is fixed with the formation of the necessary gap relative to the gripping bars for installing a guide head in it, having through longitudinal channels for performing drilling through them in the femur, the drive ends of the gripping bars of the device for positioning the supporting bar are made interacting by means of a control element, the device also contains a clamping bar, screws secured to the supporting bar for final fixation of the connecting needles on the femur (RU 2508065 C1 27.02.2014).

[0005] In this device for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures, which is the closest to the claimed device in terms of a set of essential features, the control element for the interaction of the drive ends of the gripping bars of the device for positioning the supporting bar is made in the form of a compression spring, which cannot create the necessary force for gripping the femur, which makes it difficult to perform the operation.

[0006] The technical result of the claimed utility model is to ensure the necessary force and reliability of gripping the femur to improve the quality of osteosynthesis.

[0007] The specified technical result is achieved in that in a device for osteosynthesis of fractures of the neck of the femur, containing a supporting bar having holes along the edges for installing screws for fastening it to the femur and an enlarged hole for passing a bundle of connecting needles through it, a device for positioning the supporting bar on the femur, made in the form of two parallel gripping bars connected to each other by an elastic U-shaped bracket, on which a guide sleeve is fixed with the formation of the necessary gaps relative to the gripping bars, for installing a guide head in it, having through longitudinal channels, for performing drilling in the femur through them, the drive ends of the gripping bars of the device for positioning the supporting bar are made interacting by means of a control element, the device also contains a clamping bar,screws secured to the supporting bar for final fixation of the connecting spokes on the femur, the control element for interaction of the drive ends of the gripping bars of the supporting bar positioning device is made in the form of a lead screw installed in a threaded rivet on one of the drive ends of the gripping bars with the possibility of contact interaction with the opposite drive end of the other gripping bar.

[0008] The proposed technical solution allows for the creation of the necessary force and reliability of the femur grip, facilitating the operation while improving the quality of osteosynthesis.

[0009] A comparative analysis with the prior art shows that the claimed device differs in that the control element for interacting with the drive ends of the gripping bars of the carrier bar positioning device is designed as a lead screw mounted in a threaded rivet on one of the drive ends of the gripping bars, capable of engaging with the opposite drive end of the other gripping bar. This difference from the prior art provides grounds for asserting that the proposed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of "novelty."

[0010] The essence of the utility model is explained by the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows a device for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures at the initial stage of operation, general view; Fig. 2 - view A in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 - view B in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 - a device for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures at the final stage of operation, general view, Fig. 5 - view B in Fig. 4.

[0011] A device for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures comprises (Fig. 1, Fig. 5) a supporting bar 1 having openings 2 along the edges for installing screws 3 for fastening it to the femur 4, and an enlarged opening 5 for passing a bundle of connecting pins 6 through it. The device comprises a device for positioning the supporting bar 1 on the femur 4, made in the form of two parallel gripping bars 7 connected to each other by a U-shaped bracket 8, on which a guide sleeve 10 is fixed with the formation of the necessary gaps 9 relative to the gripping bars 7, having a flange 11, for connection with screws to the supporting bar 1.

[0012] The guide sleeve 10 is located at the required angle of inclination to the surface of the supporting bar 1 and is intended to accommodate the guide head 12 in it. The guide head 12 has through longitudinal channels 13 for performing drilling through them in the femur 4. The drive ends 7.1 of the gripping bars 7 are made to interact by means of a control element, which is made in the form of a lead screw 14 installed in a threaded rivet 15 on one of the drive ends 7.1 of the gripping bars 7 with the possibility of contact interaction with the opposite drive end 7.1 of the second gripping bar 7. The lead screw 14 can be removed and installed in a threaded rivet 15.1 on the opposite drive end 7.1 depending on whether the operation is performed on the left or right leg. The device also contains (Fig. 4) a pressure bar 16 secured with screws 17 on the supporting bar 1 for the final fixation of the connecting needles 6 on the femur 4.

[0013] The device for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures is used as follows.

[0014] After completing the necessary preliminary procedures, the surgical field of the proximal femur 4 is selected. Under the control of an electron-optical converter (EOC), reposition and compression of the bone fragments are performed. Next, the corresponding positioning of the supporting bar 1 is carried out and it is secured with screws 3 on the femur 4. The guide sleeve 10 of the positioning device is secured on the supporting bar 1 by means of a flange 11 and screws, wherein the drive ends 7.1 of the gripping bars 7 are slightly compressed, and under the action of the elastic U-shaped bracket 8, the gripping ends 7.2 of the gripping bars 7 are moved apart to the required opening, into which the femur 4 enters. In order to achieve a reliable grip of the femur 4 by the gripping ends 7.2 of the gripping bars 7, the lead screw 14 is screwed into the threaded rivet 15 until the end of the lead screw 14 stops against the opposite drive end 7.1 of the gripping bar 7.If it is necessary to slightly increase the force of gripping the femur 4, the lead screw 14 is screwed into the threaded rivet 15 further, whereby the drive ends 7.1 of the gripping strips 7 are moved apart even more, and under the action of the elastic U-shaped bracket 8, the gripping ends 7.2 of the gripping strips 7 are compressed, increasing the force and reliability of gripping the femur 4. When favorable conditions for performing operations are ensured, the guide head 12 is installed in the guide sleeve 10. Drilling is performed in the femur 4 through the through longitudinal channels 13 of the guide head 12. Then, having unscrewed the screws fastening the flange 11, the guide sleeve 10 and the entire device as a whole are disconnected from the supporting strip 1. Connecting needles 6 with L-shaped upper ends are inserted into the drilled holes in the femur 4, onto which the pressure strip 16 is applied, It is secured with screws 17 on the supporting bar 1, thereby creating the final fixation of the connecting spokes 6 on the femur 4.

[0015] Thus, the implementation of the control element of the interaction of the drive ends of the gripping bars in the form of a lead screw allows for the necessary force and reliability of gripping the femur to improve the quality of osteosynthesis.

Claims

A device for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures comprising a supporting bar having openings along the edges for installing screws for fastening it to the femur and an opening for passing a bundle of connecting pins through it, a device for positioning the supporting bar on the femur made in the form of two parallel gripping bars connected to each other by an elastic U-shaped bracket, on which a guide sleeve is fixed with the formation of gaps relative to the gripping bars for installing a guide head in it, the guide sleeve having through longitudinal channels for performing drilling through them in the femur, the drive ends of the gripping bars of the device for positioning the supporting bar are made interacting by means of a control element, the device contains a clamping bar fixed with screws on the supporting bar for final fixation of the connecting pins on the femur, characterized in that,that the control element for the interaction of the drive ends of the gripping bars of the carrier bar positioning device is made in the form of a lead screw installed in a threaded rivet on one of the drive ends of the gripping bars with the possibility of contact interaction with the opposite drive end of the other gripping bar.

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