bladed propeller

Abstract

This utility model relates to bladed propellers used in water transport, air transport, thermal power engineering, and other industries where bladed propellers interacting with a fluid for their operation can be used. The technical result is the creation of a bladed propeller that provides increased efficiency and fuel savings while maintaining a simple design and requiring no adjustment. The bladed propeller comprises a cylindrical hub with blades arranged on its outer surface at equal distances around its perimeter. Each blade has a straight leading edge, substantially perpendicular to the hub axis, ensuring initial capture of the working fluid, and a straight trailing edge, also substantially perpendicular to the hub axis, ensuring the ejection of the working fluid.In this case, the pitch of each blade from the leading edge to the trailing edge increases uniformly with a corresponding increase in the speed of ejection of the working medium. 2 sec. f-ly, 1 fig.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to bladed propellers used in water transport, air transport, thermal power engineering, as well as in industries where bladed propellers can be used that interact with the environment to carry out their work.

[0002] The problems of increasing the traction characteristics, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of bladed propellers are more pressing than ever, due to the increased demands on the devices where they are used.

[0003] The closest analogue is the solution RU 2824468 C1, 08.08.2024, belonging to the author, which discloses a blade propeller with an independent automatic angle of rotation of the blades, which includes a fastening cover made with the possibility of fixing to the shaft of the drive device, containing a shaft, on the end of which a thread is made,

[0004] a hub consisting of a first part and a second part mating with each other, forming a cavity inside, where the first part of the hub interacts with a fastening cover for fixed fixation of the shaft, wherein the first part of the hub contains half-holes on its surface,

[0005] the second part of the hub also contains on its surface half-holes located symmetrically to the half-holes on the first part of the hub to form centering holes, while

[0006] each blade contains a blade shaft passing through centering holes in the hub for their movable centering, where rounded protrusions are made on the edges of each blade shaft located inside the cavity of the hub,

[0007] A thrust washer and a spring are arranged in series on the shaft, where the thrust washer is installed in contact with the rounded protrusions for their interaction during the operation of the blade propeller,

[0008] The shaft in the thread area interacts with the crown nut at the outlet of the second part of the hub to fix the blade propeller units.

[0009] This solution allows for variable propeller blade angle, which is effective during frequent flight / vehicle mode changes. However, it has a complex design and does not ensure maximum propeller-to-environment interaction during operation. It should be clarified that this solution does not account for slip losses in the propeller design, which is the difference in speed between the movement of, for example, a motor ship and the speed of the water (or air) jet ejected from the propeller.

[0010] The purpose of the claimed utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the known analogue.

[0011] The technical result is the creation of a bladed propeller that provides increased efficiency and fuel economy while maintaining a simple design that does not require adjustment.

[0012] This result is achieved in that the bladed propeller includes a hub made in the form of a cylinder, on the outer surface of which, at an equal distance along its perimeter, blades are located, each of which contains a straight leading edge, substantially perpendicular to the axis of the hub, ensuring the initial capture of the working medium, and a straight trailing edge, also substantially perpendicular to the axis of the hub and ensuring the ejection of the working medium, wherein the pitch of each of the blades from the leading edge to the trailing edge uniformly increases with a corresponding increase in the speed of ejection of the working medium.

[0013] The pitch of each blade from the leading edge to the trailing edge uniformly increases by a value in the range of 1-75%.

[0014] The blades are connected to the outer surface of the hub via the blade shaft.

[0015] Next, the operating principle of the device will be described taking into account the attached illustrations, where

[0016] Fig. 1 - three-dimensional view of the blade propeller, where

[0017] 1 - hub;

[0018] 2 - blade;

[0019] 3 - leading edge;

[0020] 4 - trailing edge;

[0021] 5 - blade shaft.

[0022] The propeller blade includes a hub 1, which is shaped like a cylinder. Hub 1 is typically made of metal. Hub 1 is connected to a drive mechanism, such as a drive shaft. The connection between hub 1 and the drive mechanism may be different, and the design may vary, which is not the subject of this patent application.

[0023] Blades 2 are connected to the outer surface of hub 1 at equal distances around the perimeter of hub 1. Blades 2 may be connected directly to the outer surface of hub 1 or via blade shaft 5. The number of blades 2 may vary, from two or three blades to five or seven blades, and in certain cases and areas of application, even more (up to several dozen). Blades 2 are arranged at equal distances around the perimeter of hub 1, for example, two blades at 180° intervals from each other, four blades at 90° intervals from each other, etc.

[0024] Each of the blades 2 has a complex shape in the form of a protruding profile, turned at a certain angle around the perimeter of the hub 1 and along the depth of the hub 2.

[0025] Each of the blades 2 includes a straight leading edge 3, substantially perpendicular to the hub axis, providing for the initial capture of the working medium (water, air, etc.) and a straight trailing edge 4, substantially perpendicular to the hub axis and providing for the ejection of the working medium. In the proposed utility model, the pitch of each of the blades 2 from the leading edge 3 to the trailing edge 4 uniformly increases with a corresponding increase in the velocity of ejection of the working medium. The pitch of each of the blades 2 from the leading edge 3 to the trailing edge 4 uniformly increases in most cases by an amount in the range of 1-75%.

[0026] It's important to clarify that in standard bladed propellers, the pitch of the bladed propeller is specified according to a single parameter. The pitch of a propeller (for outboard motors, propeller-driven aircraft, etc.) is the theoretical distance the propeller travels in one complete revolution in a dense medium, excluding slippage. In reality, due to water / air resistance and slippage (e.g., 10-20% for planing boats), the actual distance is less, but pitch remains a key characteristic determining the propeller's performance.

[0027] The propeller pitch also affects fuel consumption:

[0028] Optimal pitch when the engine is operating in the recommended RPM range. This ensures efficient fuel combustion, minimal fuel consumption, and quick plane-up (for boats and motorboats).

[0029] Too much pitch - the propeller overloads the engine, forcing it to run at reduced RPM. This increases fuel consumption because the engine requires more energy to turn the propeller.

[0030] Propeller pitch is usually given in inches for a propeller. It is indicated on the propeller marking, for example, 13 3 / 4×21, where 21 is the pitch or distance in units of one revolution - for a screw.

[0031] In the proposed utility model, the propeller pitch is not a uniform value, as the pitch of each blade 2 increases uniformly from leading edge 3 to trailing edge 4. This parameter compensates for the previously mentioned slippage (or sliding) effect, thereby altering the characteristics of blades 2 and the propeller as a whole, with greater fluid capture at the initial phase of propeller travel and a higher fluid discharge velocity at the final phase of propeller travel, with a corresponding increase in the working fluid discharge velocity at the final phase.

[0032] Calculation example of changing the pitch of a propeller blade.

[0033] The ship is traveling at a speed of 23 km / h (6.38 m / s) with an engine operating at 1500 rpm. The propeller, through a reduction gear, rotates at a speed of 503 rpm. The pitch of the installed base propeller is 0.9 m. We determine the speed of the water jet ejected behind the propeller: 503 rpm / 60 s = 8.38 rpm.

[0034] 8.38 rpm × 0.9 m (propeller pitch), we get the speed of the jet ejected behind the propeller of 7.54 m / s, that is, 27 km / h, while the speed of the ship is 23 km / h.

[0035] The slip rate from 27 km / h to 23 km / h is 17%.

[0036] For this motor ship, a propeller is designed taking into account 17% slip.

[0037] The pitch of the leading edge 3 should be such that, taking into account its revolutions, it takes in water at a speed of 23 km / h (6.38 m / s)

[0038] 6.38 m / s / 8.38 rpm = 0.76 m

[0039] The propeller pitch should vary from 0.76m at the leading edge 3 to 0.9m at the trailing edge 4 to ensure a jet ejection speed of 27 km / h.

[0040] Thus, the vacuum is removed from the trailing edge 4 of blade 2 and the possibility of cavitation is eliminated.

[0041] The newly installed propeller blade provides increased efficiency and fuel economy while maintaining a simple design that does not require adjustment.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] The blade propeller includes a hub 1 made in the form of a cylinder, with four blades 2 connected to the outer surface of the hub 1 at an equal distance along the perimeter of the hub 1, each blade includes a leading edge 3, which ensures the initial capture of the working medium, and a trailing edge 4, which ensures the ejection of the working medium, where the pitch of each of the blades 2 from the leading edge 3 to the trailing edge 4 uniformly increases from 0.72 m to 0.9 m.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] The blade propeller includes a hub 1 made in the form of a cylinder, with three blades 2 connected to the outer surface of the hub 1 at an equal distance along the perimeter of the hub 1, where the blades 2 are connected to the outer surface of the hub 1 through a blade shaft 5, each blade includes a leading edge 3, which ensures the initial capture of the working medium, and a trailing edge 4, which ensures the ejection of the working medium, where the pitch of each of the blades 2 from the leading edge 3 to the trailing edge 4 uniformly increases from 0.81 m to 0.94 m.

[0046] Thus, the proposed solution ensures the achievement of the stated technical result.

Claims

1. A bladed propeller characterized by the fact that it includes a hub made in the form of a cylinder, on the outer surface of which, at an equal distance along its perimeter, blades are located, each of which contains a straight leading edge, substantially perpendicular to the axis of the hub, ensuring the initial capture of the working medium, and a straight trailing edge, also substantially perpendicular to the axis of the hub and ensuring the ejection of the working medium, wherein the pitch of each of the blades from the leading edge to the trailing edge uniformly increases with a corresponding increase in the speed of ejection of the working medium.

2. A bladed propeller according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the pitch of each of the blades from the leading edge to the trailing edge uniformly increases by an amount in the range of 1-75%.

3. A bladed propeller according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the blades are connected to the outer surface of the hub via a blade shaft.

Images