Water-cooled solid fuel burner for hot water boilers

Abstract

The utility model pertains to the field of energy, namely to devices for the layer combustion of solid fuel, and can be used in hot water boilers of heating boiler houses. A water-cooled solid fuel burner for hot water boilers consists of a retort (1), a secondary blast housing (2), a burner housing (3), a cooling circuit (4), a coal feed chute (5), an ash removal trough (6), a grate (7), a retort shelf (8), and a retort fin (9). The coal feed chute (5), made from a set of steel plates, is rigidly connected to the cooling circuit (4), consisting of packages welded from pipes connected to each other by corners. The coal feed tray (5) and the cooling circuit (4) are installed in the burner body (3), which has the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, on the edges of which there are technological openings for the input and output of the cooling circuit pipes, the installation of the trough of the screw conveyor for ash removal (6) for coal feed and air supply.The secondary blast body (2) is rigidly connected to the burner body (3) and serves as an extension of the combustion zone. The retort (1) consists of a set of steel plates with air supply holes and a rectangular contour, the plates of which are connected to a shelf (8) and, through fins (9), smoothly transition to a horizontal surface for fuel combustion. Fuel is fed by a screw conveyor into the coal feed chute. The fuel, rising through the retort, forms a smooth layer that ignites along the perimeter of the central opening and, smoothly moving across the surface of the secondary blast zone, is blown by the air flow through the grate openings.The proposed utility model improves productivity by uniformly distributing the fuel layer, which is formed by a prism formed by the movement of fuel from the retort, followed by combustion within the perimeter of the retort's central opening, and by pushing the unburned fuel by a fresh portion of fuel onto a secondary zone, which has an inclined plane, and by subsequently displacing ash from the burner surface into the ash pan. 3 ref. cl., 3 fig.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of energy, namely to devices for layer combustion of solid fuel and can be used in hot water boilers of heating boiler houses.

[0002] A solid fuel boiler burner and a method for using it are known, installed vertically in a firebox, made in the form of an inverted truncated cone of a burner retort with holes for supplying air, the design of the burner with supply pipes for fuel and air is made from a single pipe (Patent for Invention of the Russian Federation No. 2743652, IPC F23K 3 / 14, F23B 40 / 04, published on 02 / 20 / 2021).

[0003] A mechanical grate for burning solid fuel is known, including a firebox plate, a rotating crown, a knee in which a worm screw and a drive disk are located, the outer surface of the firebox plate has the shape of a cylinder, and the inner surface has the shape of a truncated cone, while on the firebox plate, on the axis of the rotating crown, there is a sealing ring, the inner diameter of which corresponds to the outer diameter of the flange of the rotating crown (Patent for Utility Model of the Russian Federation No. 206195, IPC F23K 3 / 14, publication 08 / 30 / 2021).

[0004] A retort burner is known that comprises a retort on which a replaceable bowl is located, to which a reflector is attached, wherein the retort consists of an air supply pipe and a fuel supply pipe located inside it, and the replaceable bowl has radial air supply holes located above the outlet of the air supply pipe and a central fuel supply hole located above the outlet of the fuel supply pipe, wherein the reflector is attached to the replaceable bowl (Patent for Utility Model of the Russian Federation No. 204249, IPC F23B 40 / 04, F23K 3 / 14, published on 05 / 17 / 2021).

[0005] These analogs are designed in such a way that the fuel is fed into the combustion zone by a screw conveyor through a retort onto the combustion surface and the fuel ignites along the perimeter of the central hole, while due to design features, the movement of combustion residues along the combustion surface is hindered, resulting in the formation of a slag crust and the sintering of fresh fuel, which leads to deterioration of the combustion process and the formation of a large amount of physical underburning.

[0006] The closest analogue of the claimed utility model is the design of the combustion unit of a heating boiler, including a burner containing a solid fuel lifting neck and a peripheral combustion element, an air chamber, a screw for feeding solid fuel from a bunker for combustion, an air blower device, a remote automation unit, wherein the peripheral combustion element is made in the form of a square cast iron plate having a rectangular cutout in the center formed by the smaller sides of isosceles trapezoids connected to each other with an inclination to the rectangular cutout, and is provided with uniformly distributed holes and fuel dividers located in the corners of the plate, and the solid fuel lifting neck is made in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid, the larger base of which is rigidly attached to a cast iron plate built into the air chamber, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped fixed to the mounting plate,wherein the body of the solid fuel feed auger is made asymmetrical relative to the axis of the auger with the possibility of creating an increased space above the auger and on the side opposite to the air supply channel, and is attached to the mounting plate, and the spiral of the auger blade under the air chamber is made with a turn direction opposite to the turn direction of the remaining auger blades (Patent for Utility Model of the Russian Federation No. 199243, IPC F23B 40 / 04, F23K 3 / 14, published on 08 / 24 / 2020).

[0007] The main disadvantages of known analogs are the difficulty in removing combustion residues (ash) from the combustion zone, slagging and sintering of ash residues in the combustion space, which leads to deterioration of combustion and a decrease in the overall thermal performance of these devices.

[0008] The technical problem of the proposed utility model is the creation of a furnace device for burning solid fuel, mainly bulk fractions, with maximum efficiency and economy.

[0009] The technical result achieved through the implementation of the claimed utility model is expressed in an increase in the efficiency of the combustion process and a reduction in physical underburning.

[0010] The specified technical result is achieved in that, according to the utility model, a water-cooled solid fuel burner for a hot water boiler contains a housing arranged in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, in the front face of which there are openings for the outlet of the cooling circuit pipes and an opening for mounting the trough of the screw conveyor for ash removal of the coal feed, in the rear face there are openings for the inlet of the cooling pipes, on the side faces there are openings in the form of arches for mounting the trough of the screw conveyor for ash removal, while in the upper plane along the perimeter of the burner body there is a secondary blast housing, and in the burner body there is a coal feed chute rigidly connected to the cooling circuit, in which a retort is placed with a gap.

[0011] Also in the burner, the cooling circuit consists of two tubular packages, each of which is made of sections welded from bends and a set of vertical and horizontal pipe sections, while the coolant enters the cooling circuit from the boiler's heating circuit.

[0012] Also in the burner, the secondary blast body has the form of a closed trapezoidal hollow contour, one of the side faces of which is a grate located at an angle less than the sliding angle on the steel by 3 degrees with holes for supplying air from the air duct pipeline fixed at the bottom of the body.

[0013] Also in the burner, the retort is composed of plates with holes for air supply, forming a rectangular contour between them, connected to a shelf, smoothly passing through the fins to the surface for burning fuel.

[0014] A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the features of analogs indicates that the claimed solution meets the criterion of “novelty”.

[0015] The utility model is illustrated by drawings:

[0016] Fig. 1 shows a water-cooled solid fuel burner for hot water boilers, general isometric view;

[0017] Fig. 2 shows a water-cooled solid fuel burner for hot water boilers, section along A-A in Fig. 1;

[0018] Fig. 3 shows a water-cooled solid fuel burner for hot water boilers, a layout diagram of the utility model.

[0019] The water-cooled solid fuel burner for a hot water boiler consists of a retort 1, a secondary blast body 2, a burner body 3, a cooling circuit 4, a coal feed tray 5, an ash removal chute 6, a grate 7, a retort shelf 8, and a retort fin 9.

[0020] The coal feed tray 5, made from a set of steel plates, is rigidly connected to the cooling circuit 4, consisting of packages welded from pipes connected to each other by corners.

[0021] The coal feed tray 5 and the cooling circuit 4 are installed in the burner body 3, which has the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, on the edges of which there are technological openings for the input and output of the cooling circuit pipes, the installation of the trough of the screw conveyor for ash removal 6 for coal feed and air supply.

[0022] The secondary blast body 2 is rigidly connected to the burner body 3 and is a continuation of the combustion zone.

[0023] The secondary blast body 2 is designed in the form of a closed trapezoidal hollow contour, consisting of a set of steel plates having stops for the grates 7.

[0024] Retort 1 consists of a set of steel plates with holes for air supply and in the form of a rectangular contour, the plates of which are connected to the shelf 8 and through the fins 9 smoothly pass onto the horizontal surface for burning fuel.

[0025] Water-cooled solid fuel burner for a hot water boiler operates as follows.

[0026] Fuel is fed by a screw conveyor (not shown in the drawing) into the coal feed chute 5, while the fuel, rising through the retort 1, forms a smooth layer that ignites along the perimeter of the central opening and, smoothly moving on the surface of the secondary blast zone, is blown by the air flow through the openings of the grate 7 and burns out, and the resulting ash falls from the surface of the combustion zone into the ash pan (not shown in the drawings).

[0027] The use of the proposed design of a water-cooled solid fuel burner for hot water boilers allows for increased productivity due to the uniform distribution of the fuel layer, which is formed by a prism formed by the movement of the fuel mass from the retort with subsequent ignition in the perimeter of the central opening of the retort, and the pushing of the unburned mass by a fresh portion of fuel to the secondary zone, which has an inclined plane, the angle of inclination of which is less than the sliding angle on steel by 3 degrees and the subsequent displacement of ash from the surface of the burner into the ash pan.

[0028] Consequently, the efficiency of the combustion process increases and the physical underburning is reduced.

[0029] The proposed design of a water-cooled solid fuel burner for hot water boilers can be used in local heat supply systems.

Claims

1. A water-cooled solid fuel burner for a hot water boiler, comprising a housing arranged in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, in the front face of which there are openings for the outlet of the cooling circuit pipes and an opening for mounting the trough of a screw conveyor for removing ash from the coal feed, in the rear face there are openings for the inlet of the cooling pipes, on the side faces there are openings in the form of arches for mounting the trough of a screw conveyor for removing ash, wherein in the upper plane along the perimeter of the burner housing there is a secondary blast housing, and in the burner housing there is a coal feed chute, rigidly connected to the cooling circuit, in which a retort is placed with a gap.

2. A burner according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the cooling circuit consists of two tubular packages, each of which is made of sections welded from bends and a set of vertical and horizontal pipe sections, while the coolant enters the cooling circuit from the heating circuit of the boiler.

3. A burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary blast body has the form of a closed trapezoidal hollow contour, one of the side faces of which is a grate located at an angle less than the sliding angle on the steel by 3 degrees with openings for supplying air from an air duct pipeline fixed at the bottom of the body.

4. A burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the retort is composed of plates with openings for supplying air, which form a rectangular contour between themselves, connected to a shelf that smoothly transitions through the fins to the surface for burning fuel.

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