Thermal insulation panel

Abstract

This utility model relates to construction, specifically thermal insulation materials, and can be used to provide thermal insulation for residential, public, and industrial buildings. The thermal insulation panel comprises an inner layer formed by a continuous web of hyper-ordered carbon nanotube films, with the inner layer sealed on both sides by outer layers consisting of polymer films. According to the utility model, the inner layer and the two outer layers are inseparably bonded to form adjacent sealed cells. The technical result is improved thermal insulation properties.

Description

[0001] Technical field

[0002] This utility model relates to construction, specifically thermal insulation materials, and can be used to provide thermal protection for residential, public, and industrial buildings. It can also be applied in other areas of technology where lightweight, flexible, and airtight thermal insulation materials are required, such as for the thermal insulation of containers, pipelines, equipment modules, vehicles, or refrigeration units, as well as in the production of clothing, footwear, and other household products requiring thermal protection.

[0003] Technology Level

[0004] A composite material made of carbon nanotubes and a polymer is known, obtained by the method (Preparation method of carbon nanotube / polymer composite material) disclosed in Chinese Patent for Invention No. CN101121791 (publication date: February 13, 2008). The known material includes a multilayer composite structure of alternating layers of carbon nanotubes and polymer layers. Each layer of carbon nanotubes is a membrane of dispersed tubes, and the polymer layer is formed from a solution of a macromolecular prepolymer. The material is obtained by layer-by-layer formation, in which a layer of carbon nanotubes is poured with a prepolymer solution. The polymer matrix penetrates the space between the nanotubes, forming a strong bond at the interface. After polymerization, a layer of composite material is formed. The process is repeated to obtain a multilayer structure.

[0005] A drawback of the known technical solution is its low thermal insulation efficiency. This is due to the fact that when a layer of nanotubes is filled with polymer, the original orientation of the carbon nanotubes is not maintained, resulting in uneven distribution of thermal conductivity in different directions relative to the heat flow.

[0006] Nanotube-based insulators are known, disclosed in U.S. Patent No. US8722171 (publication date: July 5, 2012). The known material comprises multiple sheets of carbon nanotubes stacked on top of each other. Each sheet is constructed with several layers wound around a central axis, with spacers placed between the sheets to reduce thermal conductivity between the layers. Each sheet contains a high density of carbon nanotubes, which can be pure or modified. The spacers can be made of a porous non-metallic material with low thermal conductivity, in particular a polymer matrix.

[0007] A drawback of the existing technical solution is its limited thermal insulation effectiveness. This is due to the presence of spacers between the carbon nanotube layers, which only reduce contact heat transfer between the composite material layers but do not create closed cavities that prevent heat transfer.

[0008] Furthermore, this solution is characterized by low technological effectiveness, since it requires the use of individual sheets and intermediate layers, which prevents the formation of thin, flexible or rolled thermal insulation products, limits the scope of application and compatibility with modern construction and engineering technologies.

[0009] A carbon nanotube-based composite material and method for fabricating the same is known, disclosed in EPO Patent No. EP2070978 (publication date: June 17, 2009). The known material is a multilayer structure in which carbon nanotubes form a dense array within a polymer matrix. The inner layer includes one or more films of carbon nanotubes located in the same plane or stacked on top of each other, with the nanotubes within each film oriented parallel to a single axis. The carbon nanotube films are placed between outer layers of a polymer matrix, which fills the spaces between the nanotubes.

[0010] A drawback of the existing technical solution is its limited thermal insulation properties. This is due to the fact that the space between the carbon nanotubes is filled with a polymer matrix, forming a monolithic structure.

[0011] Furthermore, this solution is characterized by low technological effectiveness, since it requires the creation of a monolithic structure, which prevents the formation of thin, flexible or rolled thermal insulation products, limits the scope of application and compatibility with modern construction and engineering technologies.

[0012] None of the technical solutions discussed, either individually or in various combinations, disclose a thin-film thermal insulation material based on hyper-ordered carbon nanotubes that provides high thermal insulation properties combined with flexibility, easy production, and the ability to be manufactured in roll form. Accordingly, developing a thermal insulation panel that addresses these shortcomings of known technical solutions is a pressing issue.

[0013] Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

[0014] The technical result achieved by this utility model is to improve thermal insulation properties.

[0015] The technical result is achieved by a utility model claimed to be a thermal insulation panel. The claimed thermal insulation panel comprises an inner layer formed by a continuous web of hyper-ordered carbon nanotube films, with the inner layer sealed on both sides by outer layers consisting of polymer films. Unlike the prototype, the inner layer and the two outer layers are inseparably connected, forming adjacent, sealed cells.

[0016] Additional advantages and essential features of the present utility model can be presented in the following particular embodiments.

[0017] In particular, carbon nanotubes are oriented parallel to the plane of the web.

[0018] In particular, carbon nanotubes are oriented perpendicularly in the plane of the web.

[0019] In particular, the polymer material used is a thermoplastic polymer material selected from the group of: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI), polystyrene, polyketone, 2DPA-1.

[0020] In particular, the cells are rectangular in shape.

[0021] In particular, at least one of the outer layers is made of a polymer film containing a laminated barrier layer selected from the group: aluminum foil, metallized film.

[0022] In particular, perforated holes are made at the cell boundaries.

[0023] The technical result is achieved through the use of a structure of adjacent sealed cells formed by an inner layer and two outer layers of the thermal insulation panel. The inner layer is formed by a continuous sheet of films of super-ordered carbon nanotubes, which act as the main thermal insulation filler within the thermal insulation panel.

[0024] Highly ordered carbon nanotubes, as one of the layers that make up the sealed cells, create an effective thermal insulation barrier due to the formation of multiple interfaces between the nanotubes and air and the highly porous structure, which significantly reduces heat transfer by convection and radiation. Orienting the carbon nanotubes parallel or perpendicular to the plane of the fabric allows for the adjustment of thermal insulation properties depending on the expected direction of heat flow.

[0025] The outer layers are made of polymeric material, and the barrier layer is made of aluminum foil or fluoroplastic film. This provides mechanical protection for the loose layer of nanotubes (with high porosity) and creates a barrier to gas diffusion, which maintains the thermal insulation properties of the panel for a long time. The use of polymeric materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI), polystyrene, polyketone and 2DPA-1 allows the panel to be used in a wide temperature range.

[0026] Selective execution of perforation holes at the intersections of cell boundaries allows for ventilation of the insulated surface while maintaining the basic thermal insulation properties of the panel.

[0027] This utility model discloses a device whose component parts are mated or connected at the manufacturing plant. Preferably, the device parts are connected by permanent joints; in particular, the inner and outer layers of the thermal insulation panel are fastened along the cell boundaries by hot pressing, high-frequency current (HF) welding, and / or ultrasonic welding. The device is supplied to the user assembled and does not require additional assembly or disassembly operations. The relative position of the component parts, their connections, and mating result in the production of a complete, independent device in which the component parts are deprived of a certain number of degrees of freedom. The exclusion of individual components from the design of the claimed device results in the loss of functionality and the possibility of its intended use as a thermal insulation panel.It follows from this that the utility model has constructive and functional unity, that is, it reveals a technical solution related to the device.

[0028] Analysis of prior art information revealed that this utility model is characterized by essential features, the totality of which is unknown in patent and scientific literature. This supports the utility model's compliance with the patentability criterion of "Novelty."

[0029] This utility model was created in accordance with the laws of nature and modern scientific knowledge. This demonstrates the utility model's compliance with the patentability criterion of "Industrial Applicability."

[0030] Brief description of drawings

[0031] This description is illustrated by FIG., which shows an embodiment of manufacturing a heat-insulating panel using shafts.

[0032] The following symbols are used on the figure:

[0033] 1 - inner layer;

[0034] 2, 3 - outer layers;

[0035] 4 - a roll of fabric made of films of super-ordered carbon nanotubes;

[0036] 5, 6 - rolls of films made of polymer material;

[0037] 7 - smooth press rolls;

[0038] 8 - press rolls with a stencil in the form of a convex cellular grid;

[0039] 9 - roll of thermal insulation panel.

[0040] Description of embodiments of the utility model

[0041] The thermal insulation panel contains an inner layer 1 and two outer layers 2 and 3. The inner layer 1 is formed by a continuous web of films of super-ordered carbon nanotubes.

[0042] Super-aligned carbon nanotube films (SACNT-SF) are a highly ordered array of parallel-oriented carbon nanotubes with anisotropic thermal properties. In the proposed thermal insulation panel, the carbon nanotube layer serves as the primary thermal insulating filler, as its highly porous structure and numerous interfaces between the nanotubes and air effectively dissipate thermal energy and suppress convection. The nanotube packing density and orientation enable a thermal conductivity coefficient of approximately 0.004 W / m⋅K.

[0043] In one embodiment of the utility model, the carbon nanotubes are oriented parallel to the plane of the panel. In another embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are oriented perpendicular to the plane of the panel. The orientation of the carbon nanotubes allows for targeted adjustment of the panel's thermal insulation properties depending on the expected direction of heat flow.

[0044] The inner layer 1 is closed on both sides by the outer layers 2 and 3 and is inseparably connected to them to form adjacent sealed cells. The two outer layers 2 and 3 are represented by films made of a polymeric material. The polymeric material used is a polymeric material selected from the group: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI), polystyrene, polyketone, 2DPA-1.

[0045] The cells formed by the specified layers can have a rectangular, square or other geometry in cross section, ensuring uniform distribution of the load and thermal insulation characteristics.

[0046] The tightness of the cells is ensured by the use of polymer films with high barrier properties in the thermal insulation panel design. The choice of a specific material depends on the required performance characteristics. Polymer materials for outer layers 2 and 3 are selected based on their barrier properties, heat resistance, and ability to form a hermetic seal. Polyethylene and polypropylene, as thermoplastic polymers, ensure good weldability and flexibility of the resulting product. Polyamides and polyethylene terephthalates (PET) have increased mechanical strength and resistance to temperature effects. Fluoropolymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), as well as high-temperature polymers such as poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI), allow the panel to be used in extreme temperature conditions and have exceptional gas barrier properties.Materials such as polyketone and 2DPA-1 combine high chemical resistance with excellent barrier properties. These materials exhibit good formability and hermetic bonding, and are suitable for hot pressing, allowing for the formation of a specific relief structure on the inner layer of the panel using rollers with a stencil. Furthermore, these materials possess a certain elasticity, which facilitates reliable adhesion of polymer films and sealing of the volume of each cell during soldering.

[0047] If gas barrier properties need to be enhanced, an additional lamination layer or barrier coating made of materials with high resistance to gas diffusion, such as aluminum foil, metallized film, etc., can be applied to the main polymer film. This multilayer structure allows for reliable sealing of the cells over a long service life. This protects the loose, high-density nanotube layer from mechanical damage and external influences, prevents delamination of the nanotubes and the formation of gaps between them, which could lead to deterioration of thermal insulation properties. It also prevents the release of nanotube particles into the environment, improving the safety and environmental friendliness of the thermal insulation panel during installation and operation.

[0048] FIG. illustrates a variant of manufacturing a thermal insulation panel.

[0049] As shown in FIG. , a calender line with rotating rollers is used to form a thermal insulation panel. A web of highly ordered carbon nanotube films is fed from roll 4, intended to form the inner layer 1 of the panel.

[0050] The inner layer 1 is moved to the mixing zone with two outer films fed from rolls 5 and 6. The resulting three-layer structure passes through smooth rollers 7, which ensure its compression and precise positioning of the layers relative to each other, and is directed to the press rollers 8 with a stencil, where the final formation of closed cells occurs.

[0051] Pressing rollers 8 are designed with a template in the form of a convex cell grid. Rollers 8 provide localized pressing of the outer layers against the inner layer. Hot pressing, high-frequency current welding (HFW), and / or ultrasonic welding are used to permanently and tightly bond the layers along the cell boundaries, depending on the type of materials used. These methods can be used individually or in combination. Ultrasonic welding along the cell boundaries partially destroys the carbon nanotubes, allowing for easy cutting of the finished thermal insulation panel along the cell boundaries without delamination.

[0052] Then the resulting panel is rolled into a roll 9.

[0053] The proposed thermal insulation panel can be cut or perforated without significant loss of thermal insulation properties. Perforation is advisable in the area of ​​the joints between cells, for example, in the crosses formed by the intersection of flat sections between rectangular cells. Perforation can provide ventilation to the adjacent surface or cavity covered by the thermal insulation panel.

[0054] The thermal insulation panel can be of any suitable length and / or width and can be produced in various shapes, such as rounded or polygonal. In practice, rectangular or square panels with an overall thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm are preferred, ensuring ease of handling, storage, and installation.

[0055] During the sealing process of the three-layer structure using a stencil, a matrix of individual sealed cells with sizes from 10×10 mm to 30×30 mm, separated by jumpers about 1 mm wide, is formed inside the thermal insulation panel.

[0056] The claimed design is technologically advanced and compatible with modern construction methods, existing fastening and cladding systems. Thanks to the thin thickness and high thermal insulation properties of the inner layer 1 made of highly ordered carbon nanotubes, the thermal insulation panel significantly improves the thermal performance of enclosing structures. The panel can be used in both external and internal layers of walls, partitions, ceilings, or modular thermal insulation systems.

[0057] Example 1. A thermal insulation panel comprises an inner layer 1 formed by a continuous web of hyper-ordered carbon nanotube films oriented parallel to the plane of the web. Inner layer 1 is covered on both sides by outer layers 2 and 3 made of polyamide film and is inseparably bonded to them by ultrasonic welding, forming adjacent sealed square cells measuring 20×20 mm. The panel thickness is 3 mm. In the ultrasonic welding zones along the cell boundaries, partial destruction of the carbon nanotubes occurs, which ensures easy cutting of the thermal insulation panel without delamination. This thermal insulation panel has low thermal conductivity (0.004 W / m⋅K) and can be used for thermal insulation of external building walls.

[0058] Example 2. A thermal insulation panel comprises an inner layer 1 formed by a continuous web of hyper-ordered carbon nanotube films oriented perpendicular to the plane of the web. Inner layer c1 is covered on both sides by outer layers 2 and 3 made of polypropylene film and is inseparably bonded to them by hot pressing, forming adjacent sealed rectangular cells measuring 15×25 mm. The panel thickness is 0.5 mm. This thermal insulation panel has high flexibility and low thermal conductivity (0.004 W / m⋅K), which makes it suitable for thermal insulation of pipelines.

[0059] Example 3. A thermal insulation panel comprises an inner layer 1 formed by a continuous web of hyper-ordered carbon nanotube films oriented parallel to the plane of the web. Inner layer 1 is covered on both sides by outer layers 2 and 3, the upper of which is laminated with aluminum foil, and the lower is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. The layers are permanently joined together by microwave welding, forming adjacent sealed square cells measuring 10 x 10 mm. Perforated holes with a diameter of 0.5 mm are made at the cell boundaries at their intersections. The panel thickness is 1.5 mm. The panel has enhanced reflective properties and provides ventilation of the insulated surface, making it effective for thermal insulation of pitched roofs and ventilated facades.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation panel comprising an inner layer formed by a continuous web of films of super-ordered carbon nanotubes, wherein the inner layer is covered on both sides by outer layers represented by films of thermoplastic polymer material, characterized in that the inner layer and the two outer layers are inseparably connected to form adjacent sealed cells.

2. A thermal insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon nanotubes are oriented parallel to the plane of the panel.

3. A thermal insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon nanotubes are oriented perpendicularly in the plane of the panel.

4. A thermal insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermoplastic polymer material used is a material selected from the group: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI), polystyrene, polyketone, 2DPA-1.

5. A thermal insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells have a rectangular shape.

6. A thermal insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the outer layers is made of a polymer film containing a laminated barrier layer selected from the group: aluminum foil, metallized film.

7. A thermal insulation panel according to paragraph 1, characterized in that perforated holes are made at the boundaries of the cells.

Images