A DEVICE FOR CONSOLIDATING INDIVIDUAL UNITS OF CARGO INTO A SINGLE LOAD PLACE IN A VEHICLE
The device securely fastens cargo stacks within the vehicle body using textile tapes and buckles, addressing inefficiencies in existing methods by enhancing reliability and safety through mechanized tensioning and reinforcement, thus reducing labor and prop usage.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- RU · RU
- Patent Type
- Utility models
- Current Assignee / Owner
- POCHEKUTOVA LJUDMILA NIKOLAEVNA
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-01
Smart Images
Figure 00000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The utility model relates to technical devices for combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space in a vehicle (otherwise known as lashing - a means of fastening intended for combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space).
[0002] Technology Level
[0003] When transporting cargo consisting of multiple individual pieces of cargo placed in vehicles by stacking, it is necessary to ensure that individual units of cargo are securely fastened in the stack when the cargo is located no higher than the walls of the vehicle body and with a minimum distance between the cargo and the side walls of the body, combining them into one piece of cargo that prevents the stack from falling apart or the displacement of cargo units from the stack and the displacement of the stack itself when the vehicle is moving, without the need to secure these fastening means to the lashing devices of the vehicle.
[0004] Ensuring that such loads are securely fastened and held in a connected state in a vehicle during its movement will improve the reliability and safety of transporting loads and will significantly reduce the likelihood of damage to them and the vehicles used.
[0005] The prior art discloses securing cargo during stacking using fastening means specified in the “Technical Conditions for the Placement and Fastening of Cargo in Wagons and Containers” approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on May 27, 2003, No. CM-943, according to which steel wire, steel strip (tape) and additional spacer props made of lumber should be used for this purpose, securing each stack in a gondola car on four sides.
[0006] Also known from the prior art are textile fasteners according to Russian patents:
[0007] for utility model No. 237467 published on September 24, 2025, from which a device is known containing two textile tapes, wherein at one end of each textile tape there is a loop for connecting to a vehicle, and the free ends of the textile tapes are connected by means of a buckle in such a way as to ensure the possibility of tightening, characterized in that the loop for connecting to a vehicle contains a section made by folding the tape in the longitudinal direction in at least two layers with stitching;
[0008] for utility model No. 234150, published on 21.05.2025, from which a device for securing loads in a vehicle is known, containing two outer and one middle textile tape, wherein at one end of each outer textile tape there is a loop, and the other end of each outer textile tape is connected to the end of the middle textile tape by means of a buckle, so as to ensure the possibility of tightening, characterized in that the loop on each outer textile tape contains a section made by folding the tape in the longitudinal direction in at least two layers with stitching.
[0009] The technical result of the said patents consists in eliminating the weakening of the tension of the assembled textile belt on the load in the event of compaction or subsidence of the load during its transportation in a gondola car or platform.
[0010] However, such textile fasteners cannot be used as lashings for securing individual cargo, which is stored in stacks within the walls of the vehicle body, and all cargo units in each stack must be securely united into a single unit. The design of the aforementioned textile fasteners allows for the portions of the cargo protruding beyond the walls of the body to be clamped to the main cargo, which is tightly packed within the body. Alternatively, the portion of the cargo protruding above the sides of the body can be encircled and pressed to the main cargo by creating a loop, passing the outer straps under this portion of the cargo toward each other, after first securing them to the upper lashing devices of the gondola car and connecting them with buckles to the middle strap on both sides of the cargo being secured.
[0011] Such securing of the entire stack of cargo located inside a gondola car not higher than its sides cannot be industrially applied due to the need for a large length of the outer fastening straps when they are positioned towards each other to cover the entire cargo in the stack and the impossibility of tightening and fixing such a loop around the cargo with a force that ensures reliable retention of the units of cargo in the stack, as well as due to the inability to thread the textile tape of such a device through the buckles on both sides of the stack of cargo to form a loop around it in the limited space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the car body.
[0012] Textile fasteners of this design are used as strapping, i.e. such means of securing cargo in a vehicle that cover only the part of the cargo that protrudes above the walls of the vehicle body, for example, a railway gondola car, and the ends of the fasteners with loops are attached to the lashing devices of the vehicle.
[0013] A closer analogue can be chosen from steel wire ties that meet the requirements of the “Technical conditions for the placement and securing of goods in wagons and containers”, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on May 27, 2003, No. CM-943.
[0014] These lashings are made of steel wire with a diameter of 4 to 8 mm, folded into several "strands" that pass under the stack of cargo being secured, encircle it on both sides, and extend toward each other at the top of the last upper tier of the stack. The ends of the wire strands are twisted around the main strands of wire. To tighten the lashings around the entire stack, all the "strands" of wire are twisted together using a steel crowbar. All work involved in lashing cargo into a single unit is performed manually by at least two workers and is a very labor-intensive process, requiring significant physical effort. Wire lashings do not provide a tight fit to the cargo they are lashing, as they cannot generate the necessary force to pull the cargo together in the stack.
[0015] Such fastening means do not ensure reliable retention of cargo units in a stack, and additional fastening equipment is required - various stop, spacer or enclosing structures, usually made of lumber, for additional securing of the transported cargo in the vehicle.
[0016] Disclosure of the essence of the utility model
[0017] The following terms are used in this application:
[0018] cargo stack - arrangement of cargo units in approximately vertical stacking in approximately parallel rows - tiers;
[0019] Load securing device - a device intended for securing cargo on a vehicle that is not a permanent part of the vehicle;
[0020] Strapping - a means of securing cargo that encircles the cargo and is secured at both ends to lashing devices on a vehicle, such as a railway gondola car;
[0021] Lashing is a means of securing cargo intended for combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space.
[0022] The objective of this utility model is to manufacture such a technical device that can be used to combine into one cargo space and hold in an assembled form cargo placed in a stack in a vehicle, with the height of the stack not higher than the walls of the vehicle body, in the absence of the possibility of securing it to the tie-down devices of the vehicle with a limited space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the body, which will increase the tightening force of the stack of cargo, significantly reduce the labor intensity of the work, the time of loading vehicles, significantly reduce the amount of additional props used from lumber for securing the stack of cargo, which will lead to an increase in the reliability of holding (securing) the cargo, as well as the safety of the cargo and vehicles during the transportation of such cargo.
[0023] If all units of cargo in a stack in a vehicle, located no higher than the sides of the vehicle, are securely combined into one cargo space so that they cannot shift or come out of the stack when the vehicle is moving, then it is sufficient to fix the bottom tier of the stack in the vehicle so that the cargo is securely secured in it.
[0024] The technical result of the present utility model is to increase the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited (that is, so small that it does not allow the use of mechanical tightening means on the sides of the cargo, as in the prototypes in the above-mentioned patents).
[0025] To achieve the above technical result, a device is proposed for combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space in a vehicle, containing two outer and one middle textile tapes,
[0026] and each outer textile tape has a loop at one end,
[0027] the second end of one outer textile tape is passed through the first buckle connecting it with the middle textile tape, to ensure a tightenable connection of the outer textile tape with the middle textile tape,
[0028] the second end of the other outer textile tape is passed through the second buckle connecting it with the middle textile tape, to ensure a tightenable connection of the outer textile tape with the middle textile tape,
[0029] characterized by the fact that
[0030] The second ends of the outer textile straps, coming out of the buckles, have a length that allows them to be connected to each other on top of the load with a third buckle installed on one of these ends.
[0031] The above elements are in functional and structural unity, and the above set of essential features is sufficient to achieve the stated technical result.
[0032] The above device refers to cargo securing means, and there may be several cargo items in one vehicle.
[0033] The presence of a middle textile tape, connected by means of two buckles with two outer tapes, allows the middle tape to be positioned across the stack directly under the secured stack of cargo, and the two outer tapes with loops to be brought out on both opposite sides of the stack above the side walls (sides) of the vehicle body, while the buckles connecting the middle and outer tapes must be located on both opposite sides of the stack.
[0034] After the stack is placed on the middle belt in the body of the vehicle, the ends of the outer belts without loops are placed on top of the load and connected to each other using a third buckle installed on one of them.
[0035] The presence of two buckles on both sides of the stack allows for preliminary adjustment, before placing the load, of the length of the device and the position of its two side buckles in accordance with the size of the stack of load being secured, and the presence of a third buckle on the second (without a loop) end of one of the outermost straps allows for connecting these second (without a loop) ends from above on the stack of load already installed in the vehicle with the help of the third buckle, with the formation of a tie-down ring around the stack being secured, which, when simultaneously tensioned by both loops at the ends of the outermost straps located above the stack, with the help of a lifting mechanism (machine), tightens the strap of the proposed device around the stack with the necessary tightening force, ensuring the unification of the units of load in the stack into one cargo place, reducing the labor intensity of loading operations and the time of loading vehicles.
[0036] This allows you to secure and hold units of cargo in stacks located in the body of a vehicle no higher than the walls of the body with limited space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the body, which leads to increased reliability of holding (securing) the cargo, as well as the safety of the cargo and vehicles during the transportation of such cargo, the stack does not fall apart into its constituent parts during movement, and all units of cargo are firmly held together.
[0037] This ensures increased reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0038] The device characteristics listed below allow the stated technical result to be achieved in the most effective manner.
[0039] The presence of a loop at one end of each of the outer textile straps of the device allows the use of mechanized tensioning devices with hooks when tightening the strap on the load, for example, lifting mechanisms (machines), which allow the creation of a pre-tensioning force on the textile strap of the device, significantly greater than the tension force created manually, for example, when tightening a wire device or a textile device with ratchet manual tensioners and corresponds to the optimal values that ensure the retention of units of cargo in a stack during its transportation throughout the entire transportation period.
[0040] This provides an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the loops at one end of each edge tape are stitched with a synthetic twisted thread with a breaking load of at least 16 kgf, preferably the synthetic twisted thread consists of at least three threads.
[0042] Loop stitching (stitching sections of tape together to form a loop) with synthetic twisted thread with a breaking load of at least 16 kgf increases the strength of the stitching and its ability to withstand even higher loads applied to the tape without damage when tightening the device on a load using lifting mechanisms.
[0043] This provides an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0044] In another preferred embodiment, the loops are stitched with a continuous seam in the form of several lines, including longitudinal lines distributed across the width of the tape.
[0045] Loop stitching (stitching sections of tape together to form a loop) increases the strength of the tape and allows it to withstand even higher loads when tightening the device around a stack using lifting equipment.
[0046] This provides an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0047] In another preferred embodiment, the loops are stitched with a continuous seam in the form of several lines, including longitudinal and diagonal lines, distributed across the width of the tape.
[0048] Loop stitching (stitching sections of tape together to form a loop) increases the strength of the tape and allows it to withstand even higher loads when tightening the device around a stack using lifting equipment.
[0049] This provides an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0050] In another preferred embodiment, the ratio of the length Lc of the middle textile tape to the length Lk of the outer textile tape is not less than 1.2, preferably not less than 1.3.
[0051] The length Lc of the middle textile tape and the length Lk of the outer textile tape are measured from edge to edge – the full length in the unfolded form before assembling the device.
[0052] These dimensions of the middle and outer textile straps of the device ensure that both buckles at the ends of the middle textile strap are positioned on opposite sides of the secured stack of cargo located no higher than the sides of the gondola car body, and the two outer straps allow the stack to be covered from above and can be connected to it by means of a third buckle located at one of these ends.
[0053] This allows you to combine - tie up units of cargo stacks into one place of cargo, and the length of the ends of the outer straps with loops is located above the stack and allows you to conveniently hang them on the hooks of lifting mechanisms (machines) used to tighten the device around the stack of cargo.
[0054] This ensures an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0055] In another preferred embodiment, the textile tapes are reinforced with flexible metal elements, preferably steel cables or steel wire, preferably the flexible elements are located in the side portions of the textile tape, preferably in the side tubular portions of the textile tape.
[0056] The fact that textile tapes are reinforced with flexible metal elements and that these flexible elements are preferably located in the lateral hollow tubular parts of the textile tape makes it possible to increase the resistance of the textile tape of the proposed device from mechanical damage (abrasion, tears, etc.) upon contact with the surface of the secured load, as well as cases of unauthorized damage to the tape (vandalism) during transportation of the load.
[0057] This provides an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0058] In another preferred embodiment, the buckles are steel and have at least three slots.
[0059] This design of the buckles allows the textile tape of the device to be threaded through them in such a way that when a stretching force is applied to one end of the tape coming out of the buckle, it is pulled (moved) in the buckle in the direction of the applied force and held - fixed in the position of the tape in the buckle due to the force of friction, and the greater the tension force created on the tape, the more secure its fixation in the buckle.
[0060] The use of steel buckles allows them to be used when applying such tension forces to the belt that ensure the unification and retention of units of cargo in a stack as a single cargo item during transportation of such cargo.
[0061] This provides an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0062] In another preferred embodiment, the loops at the ends of the outer tapes are designed to be hung on a hook of a tensioning device.
[0063] This allows the use of lifting mechanisms and machines to tension the device's strapping around the units of cargo in a stack, which provide strapping tension with significantly greater forces than tensioning textile strapping with manual ratchet tensioners or manually tensioning wire fasteners.
[0064] This ensures an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0065] In another preferred embodiment, the loop on each outer textile tape comprises a section made by folding the tape in the longitudinal direction in at least two layers with stitching.
[0066] This loop design allows loops to be hung on hooks of any size of lifting mechanism, even those with small internal hook curvature radii, without the risk of the tape gathering across the width of the loop inside the hook and provides conditions for creating higher tightening force and tension force of the textile device tape for holding the load.
[0067] This provides an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0068] In another preferred embodiment, each outer textile tape is equipped with at least one movable protective pad, which is preferably anti-slip and is located at the second end of the outer textile tape extending from the buckle.
[0069] In another preferred embodiment, the middle textile belt is equipped with at least two movable protective pads, which are preferably anti-slip.
[0070] A sliding protective cover is a cover (e.g., a sleeve made of durable fabric) that contains a textile belt of a utility model device that can be moved along the belt in the desired direction. Because the cover covers part of the belt, it protects it from direct contact with the load at corners or sharp edges, thus providing a protective function.
[0071] The placement of the pad on the second end of the outer textile strapping coming out of the buckle allows for further enhancement of the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle, as it allows for the strapping to be protected from direct contact with the cargo at corners or sharp edges.
[0072] The sliding protective pads on the textile belt of the device protect the belt from damage when in contact with the sharp edges of the cargo stack, preventing damage to the belt and increasing the reliability of the consolidation of cargo units in the stack.
[0073] An anti-slip pad, for example, may be a sleeve made of stitched sections of durable fabric or flexible materials, at least one of which has enhanced friction properties. The friction side of the pad is in contact with the load being secured, increasing friction between the device and the load being secured and reducing slippage.
[0074] At the same time, anti-slip pads allow the belt to be held on the load and prevent it from shifting from its installed position on the load during its transportation, due to which the reliability of holding the units of cargo in the stack is increased and the risk of fraying of the textile belt of the device is reduced.
[0075] The placement of movable protective pads on each outer textile strap, namely on the ends without loops of each outer textile strap coming out of the buckle, and on the middle strap, creates maximum protection of the strap from damage when in contact with the edges of the load.
[0076] This provides an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0077] In another preferred embodiment, the middle textile tape has a movable protective cover covering at least half the length Lc of the middle textile tape.
[0078] This length of the movable protective cover (sliding protective cover) covers a significant part of the belt that comes into contact with the load located on it, and allows you to protect the middle textile belt of the device from damage, namely that part of it on which the entire lower tier of the stack of loads directly rests.
[0079] This increases the reliability of holding the units of cargo in the stack and reduces the risk of fraying the middle textile belt of the device.
[0080] This provides an additional increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited.
[0081] Brief description of drawings
[0082] The drawings are presented for a better understanding of the utility model, however, it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the disclosed utility model is not limited to the variant shown in them.
[0083] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the device according to the utility model in assembly, top view.
[0084] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the device according to the utility model in assembly, front view.
[0085] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the threading of a textile tape of the device according to the utility model in a three-slot metal buckle.
[0086] Fig. 4 shows a section A-A of the diagram for threading the textile tape of the device according to the utility model in a three-slot metal buckle.
[0087] Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of the fastening of a stack of reinforced concrete sleepers in a gondola car using devices according to the utility model (the side walls of the gondola car are not shown).
[0088] Fig. 6 shows a vertical section A-A of a stack of reinforced concrete sleepers installed in a railway gondola car, combined into one cargo space by a device according to the utility model.
[0089] Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of the fastening of a stack of reinforced concrete sleepers in a gondola car using devices according to the utility model without the use of spacer bars (the side walls of the gondola car are not shown).
[0090] Fig. 8 shows a schematic representation of a loop of an outer textile tape, which contains a section made by folding the tape in the longitudinal direction in at least two layers with stitching.
[0091] Fig. 9 shows a section B-B of the loop of the outer textile tape.
[0092] Fig. 10 shows a schematic representation of a movable (sliding) protective anti-slip pad.
[0093] Conventional symbols on drawings:
[0094] 1 – one outer textile tape;
[0095] 1a – the other extreme textile tape with the third buckle 4 installed on it;
[0096] 2 – medium textile tape;
[0097] 3 – loop at one end of the outer textile tape;
[0098] 4 – three-slot buckle;
[0099] 5 – stitching (stitching) on the edge tape to form loop 3;
[0100] 6 – the second end of the outer textile tape without the third buckle 4;
[0101] 7 – sliding protective pads;
[0102] 8 – railway gondola car;
[0103] 9 – transverse lining under a stack of reinforced concrete sleepers;
[0104] 10 – cargo (stack of reinforced concrete sleepers);
[0105] 11 – a device according to a utility model on a tied stack of reinforced concrete sleepers;
[0106] 12 – spacers between tiers in a stack of reinforced concrete sleepers;
[0107] 13 – cross beam;
[0108] 14 – end side of gondola car;
[0109] 15 – single transverse reinforced concrete sleeper;
[0110] 16 – stitching on a textile tape folded in half in a loop;
[0111] 17 – textile tape of the device according to the utility model;
[0112] 18 – Friction material on anti-slip sliding protective pad.
[0113] Implementation of a utility model
[0114] The described embodiment is provided for illustrative purposes only. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other embodiments are possible without changing the essence of the utility model.
[0115] The device for combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space in a vehicle (Fig. 1 and 2) contains two outer 1 and 1a and one middle 2 textile tapes, which are made of synthetic threads.
[0116] Each outer textile tape has a loop 3 at one end, and at the other end the outer textile tapes are connected to the middle textile tape 2 using two buckles 4 by threading the tape through the buckles 4 in such a way as to ensure a tightening connection of each outer textile tape 1 and 1a with the middle textile tape 2 when the tape is pulled by both loops 3.
[0117] The second ends of the outer textile tapes 1 and 1a, coming out of the buckles 4, have a length that allows them to be connected to each other on top of the load 10 (a stack of units of load) by a third buckle 4 installed on one of these ends, by threading the end of the outer tape without buckle 6 into buckle 4, forming a closed ring around the stack of load 10 installed in the body of the vehicle 8 (gondola car) not higher than its sides.
[0118] Tensioning the textile tape of the device by both loops 3 leads to the tape being pulled tight in the buckles located on both sides of the stack, tightening it around it and combining the units of cargo of the stack into one place of cargo 10, which is sufficient to fix by installing only one crossbar 13 on the bottom of the gondola car between the lower tier of the stack 10 and the end wall of the gondola car 14.
[0119] Loops 3 are made by stitching at stitching section 5, wherein the stitching of the tape to form the loops is made with a synthetic twisted thread with a breaking load of at least 16 kgf, the synthetic twisted thread consists of at least three threads.
[0120] The textile tape for forming loops is sewn with a continuous seam in the form of several lines, including longitudinal lines distributed across the width of the tape.
[0121] In another embodiment, the textile tape for forming loops is sewn with a continuous seam in the form of several lines, including longitudinal and diagonal lines, distributed across the width of the tape.
[0122] Loop 3 on each outer textile tape 1 and 1a contains a section of Fig. 8, made by folding the tape in the longitudinal direction in at least two layers of Fig. 9 with stitching 16.
[0123] The middle and outer textile tapes have a length such that the ratio of the length Lc of the middle textile tape to the length Lk of the outer textile tape is not less than 1.3.
[0124] The outer textile tapes 1 and 1a and the middle textile tape 2 are reinforced with flexible metal elements (not shown), preferably steel cables or steel wire, which are located in the side hollow tubular textile tape.
[0125] The buckles 4 are steel and have at least three slots.
[0126] Each outer textile tape 1 and 1a at the second end coming out of the buckle is equipped with a movable protective pad 7, which is preferably anti-slip with friction material 18 (Fig. 10).
[0127] The middle textile belt 2 is equipped with at least two movable protective pads 7, which are preferably anti-slip with friction material 18 (Fig. 10).
[0128] In another preferred embodiment, the middle textile tape has a protective sliding cover covering at least half the length Lc of the middle textile tape.
[0129] The claimed utility model functions as follows.
[0130] The number of devices used to combine individual units of cargo into one cargo space and hold them in a vehicle, located in the body of the vehicle not higher than the walls of the body with limited space between the cargo being combined and the side walls of the body, depends on the type of cargo units being secured, its dimensions, weight and the type of vehicle.
[0131] An embodiment for securing stacks of reinforced concrete sleepers (hereinafter referred to as sleepers) in a railway gondola car (Figs. 5-7) using device 11 according to the utility model. One or more devices may be used, as shown in Figs. 5, 7.
[0132] In a railway gondola car 8, prepared for transporting stacks of sleepers 10, the height of which does not protrude beyond the sides of the gondola car, at the place where the stack is placed on the floor of the gondola car, a device according to the utility model is placed across it across the entire width of the gondola car in such a way that part of the outer belts 1 and 1a with loops 3 and the end without the third buckle 6, and the end with the third buckle 4 installed comes out and hangs outward beyond the side sides of the gondola car in opposite directions, and the middle belt 2 lies directly on the floor of the gondola car 8.
[0133] The position of the buckles 4, which connect the middle belt 2 with the outer belts 1 and 1a, is preliminarily (before installing the stack of sleepers) adjusted so that they are located symmetrically on both sides inside the gondola car approximately at the middle of the height of its side walls.
[0134] On the floor of the gondola car, on both sides of the laid middle strip 2, closer to the ends of the sleepers in the stack, two transverse wooden pads 9 are placed, on which, using a special grip, a crane installs a formed stack of sleepers 10 with wooden pads 12 installed between its tiers, tightly against the transverse beam 13, installed tightly against the end side 14 of the gondola car.
[0135] After installing the stack of sleepers, the end of one extreme tape 1 without a buckle and the end of the second extreme tape 1a with a buckle are placed on top of the stack of sleepers and connected manually with a buckle 3 located at the end of the extreme tape 1a, forming a tying ring around the sleepers of the stack 10.
[0136] The threading of the tape in all buckles of the device is carried out according to the diagrams shown in Fig. 3 and 4.
[0137] Tightening the textile tape of the device on a stack of sleepers to unite them into one load place is carried out by simultaneously tensioning both ends of the outer tapes 1 and 1a with loops 3.
[0138] To do this, both loops of the three outer ends are placed on the hooks of a lifting mechanism (machine), which simultaneously tensions these ends of the outer straps with a force that ensures the strap is tightened at the outer ends of the device according to the utility model and tightened around the stack of sleepers with a force that ensures their secure unification into a single load unit. Lifting the load is not required; simply tightening the strap ends with the loops is sufficient.
[0139] After the units of the stack of cargo are tightened into one place of the cargo, the loops of the outer straps are removed from the hooks of the lifting mechanism and placed on the top or sides of the stack.
[0140] A single cargo unit formed and secured in this manner, in which all cargo units are tied together so that they cannot shift within it during the movement of the vehicle, it is sufficient to fix only the bottom tier of the cargo stack in the vehicle to ensure that this cargo unit is securely held during transportation.
[0141] Fig. 7 shows a variant of securing stacks of reinforced concrete sleepers in a railway gondola car with two devices 11 according to the utility model without using crossbars that secure the lower tier of sleepers in the stack to prevent longitudinal displacement of the stack in the gondola car.
[0142] When loading a gondola car with stacks of reinforced concrete sleepers, this function is performed by the transported cargo itself - a 15 mm reinforced concrete sleeper laid across the gondola car in places where a cross beam was previously installed.
[0143] The length of a sleeper is only slightly shorter than the internal width of the gondola car body, so it barely shifts laterally from its position, and cargo stacks are placed close to these sleepers. This loading method increases the number of sleepers transported and reduces the amount of timber used, such as beams, which are not used but rather disposed of after the cargo is delivered to customers.
[0144] Table 1 below shows the parameters of the manufactured device according to the utility model (cargo securing means - lashing) and the cargo securing means - lashing, made of steel wire in accordance with the requirements of the "Technical Conditions for the Placement and Securing of Cargo in Wagons and Containers" approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on May 27, 2003 No. CM-943, since the closest analogues corresponding to patents for utility models No. 231436 and No. 234150 do not allow them to be used as a cargo securing means - lashing, intended for combining individual units of cargo into one cargo place.
[0145] The data given in Table 1 on manufactured devices for combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space in a vehicle (related to cargo securing means - lashings) according to the prototype and according to the declared utility model, confirming the achievement of the technical result.
[0146] As can be seen from Table 1, the present utility model ensures an increase in the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited (that is, so small that it does not allow the use of mechanical tightening means on the sides of the cargo, as in the prototypes in the above-mentioned patents).
[0147] This is achieved in particular by combining the elements of the load together by connecting together the second ends of the outer textile straps coming out of the buckles, and by means of loops that allow the device to be tightened more tightly around the stack of loads to unite them into one place of the load, as well as pads that protect the strap from damage when tightened strongly, which ensures a higher residual tension force of the strap of the device.
[0148] The claimed device also allows for a reduction in labor costs for securing cargo – reducing the time required to secure one stack of sleepers in a gondola car.
[0149] Table 1.
[0150] Parameters Binding with 6.5 mm diameter steel wire in 6 “threads” (prototype) The declared utility model, options 1 2 3 (best) two outer and one middle textile tapes No Yes Yes Yes the ratio of the length Lc of the middle textile tape to the length Lk of the outer textile tape No 1 (Lc / Lк = 3500 mm / 3500 mm) 1.2 (Lc / Lk = 3500 mm / 3000 mm) 1.3 (Lc / Lk = 4500 mm / 3500 mm) the textile tape of the device is reinforced with flexible elements No No flexible elements are located in the lateral tubular parts of the textile tape three steel three-slot buckles that allow all textile tapes to be connected around the sleepers in a stack, including the buckle at the second end of the outer textile tape coming out of the buckle No Yes Yes Yes a loop at one end of each outer textile tape No Yes Yes Yes sewing the tape to form a loop at one end of each outer textile tape No Yes Yes Yes textile belts are equipped with movable protective pads No No Yes Yes textile belts are equipped with sliding protective anti-slip pads No No No Yes the middle textile tape has a protective sliding cover covering at least half the length Lc of the middle textile tape. No No No Yes Technical result increasing the reliability of combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space (stack) in a vehicle during its movement in a situation where the height of the stack does not exceed the height of the walls (sides) of the vehicle body, and the space between the stack of cargo and the side walls of the vehicle body is limited No Yes Yes Yes tensioning a device around a stack of cargo to consolidate it into one load unit manually without the use of additional mechanical devices manual ratchet tensioner manual ratchet tensioner (pull-push) lifting machine residual tension force of the device belt according to the utility model with tensioning devices, or steel wire according to the prototype, kgf 100 500 530 1600 time for securing 1 stack of sleepers in a gondola car, minutes 3 workers are assigned in 45 minutes 2 workers are assigned in 35 minutes 2 workers are assigned for 30 minutes 2 workers are assigned in 16 minutes
Claims
1. A device for combining individual units of cargo into one cargo space in a vehicle, comprising two outer and one middle textile tape, wherein each outer textile tape has a loop at one end, the second end of one outer textile tape is passed through a first buckle connecting it to the middle textile tape to ensure a tightenable connection of the outer textile tape to the middle textile tape, the second end of the other outer textile tape is passed through a second buckle connecting it to the middle textile tape to ensure a tightenable connection of the outer textile tape to the middle textile tape, characterized in that the second ends of the outer textile tapes extending from the buckles have a length that allows them to be connected to each other on top of the load by a third buckle installed on one of these ends.
2. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the loops are stitched with synthetic twisted thread with a breaking load of at least 16 kgf, wherein the synthetic twisted thread consists of at least three threads.
3. The device according to paragraph 2, characterized in that the loops are stitched with a continuous seam in the form of several lines, including longitudinal lines distributed across the width of the tape.
4. The device according to paragraph 2, characterized in that the loops are stitched with a continuous seam in the form of several lines, including longitudinal and diagonal lines distributed across the width of the tape.
5. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the ratio of the length Lc of the middle textile tape to the length Lk of the outer textile tape is at least 1.
2.
6. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the ratio of the length Lc of the middle textile tape to the length Lk of the outer textile tape is at least 1.
3.
7. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the textile tapes are reinforced with flexible metal elements, wherein the flexible elements are located in the side parts of the textile tape or in the side tubular parts of the textile tape.
8. The device according to paragraph 7, characterized in that the flexible metal elements are steel cables or steel wire.
9. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the buckles are made of steel and have at least three slots.
10. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the loops at the ends of the outer belts are designed with the possibility of hanging on the hook of the tensioning device.
11. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the loop on each outer textile tape contains a section made by folding the tape in the longitudinal direction in at least two layers with stitching.
12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each outer textile tape is equipped with at least one movable protective pad, which is anti-slip and is located at the second end of the outer textile tape, extending from the buckle.
13. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the middle textile belt is equipped with at least two movable protective pads that are anti-slip.
14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle textile tape has a movable protective cover that covers at least half the length Lc of the middle textile tape.