Spring unit for mounting wooden structures

Abstract

The utility model relates to a spring assembly for mounting wooden structures and can be used for assembling wooden buildings and solid wood structures. The proposed spring assembly for mounting wooden structures consists of a rod comprising a faceted head, a thread on the outer surface of the rod located at the end opposite the faceted head, and an upper stop element, a spring, and a lower stop element sequentially coaxially threaded onto the rod. The spring assembly is further equipped with a cylindrical cutter with cutting edges formed on the rod, the diameter of which exceeds that of the smooth section. The threads contain spiral grooves, and the rod tip is conically shaped and serrated. The combination of these features results in a technical result consisting of a gentle action on the wood, preventing cracking and preventing splitting.

Description

[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[0002] The utility model relates to a spring unit for mounting wooden structures and can be used for assembling wooden buildings and structures made of solid wood.

[0003] STATE OF THE ART

[0004] A fastening unit for assembling wooden buildings and structures is known from the prior art (RU 90510, published 10.01.2010, F16B 31 / 04), comprising a head with facets for a key, a rod with a thread on the outer cylindrical surface, stop elements and a spring. The head with facets for a key is permanently connected to the rod; between the head and the thread located at the end of the rod opposite the head, on the smooth part of the rod, upper and lower stop elements are coaxially strung on it with the possibility of axial movement, and a spring located between them. According to the description, the use of a spring fastening unit ensures maximum reliability of the structure during assembly, a reduction in heat loss during the operation of the structure, and allows, due to the tightening force acting between the parts of the structure, to ensure simplified installation, as well as rapid and high-quality shrinkage of the structure.Despite the advantages of the known solution, its disadvantage is that its design does not ensure the safe entry of the fastening device, which leads to cracking of the wood, even to the point of rendering it unsuitable for use in the heating circuit.

[0005] The prior art also discloses a fastening element (RU 180363, published 08.06.2018, F16B 31 / 04) comprising a rod with a faceted head, with a thread on the outer cylindrical surface located at the end of the rod opposite the head, and coaxially strung on the rod with the possibility of axial movement between the head and the thread of an upper and lower thrust element, and a spring located between them. The thrust elements are made cup-shaped. The rod is equipped with a safety sleeve with a length less than the height of the fully expanded spring, but greater than the height of the fully compressed spring, located coaxially between the cup-shaped elements inside the spring. The essential features of the utility model ensure the preservation of the compensatory properties of the spring for the entire service life of the wooden structure, which contributes to the reliability of assembled wooden buildings and structures in operation during long-term shrinkage and continuous expansion and contraction caused by climate change.While solving the above mentioned problems, the fastening unit does not, however, exclude the possibility of wood cracking when screwed in.

[0006] Another analogue is a spring shrinkage compensator for wooden buildings and structures known from RU 223784 (published 04.03.2024, F16B 31 / 04), aimed at ensuring a strong connection between the connected elements due to the fact that in the spring shrinkage compensator, the head with edges for a key is permanently connected to the rod. Between the head and the thread located at the end of the rod opposite the head, on the smooth part of the rod, an upper disk washer, a conical spring, a lower disk washer and a lock washer, and a conical spring are alternately strung on it with the ability to move axially. The disadvantage of the known solution is the same problem as with the above-mentioned analogues: when assembling wooden elements, cracking of the wood cannot be excluded at the moment of screwing due to the design of the device.

[0007] A spring shrinkage compensator for assembling wooden buildings and structures is also known (RU 218071 published 04.05.2023, F16B 31 / 04). As stated in the description, the technical result consists in increasing the compensatory properties of the spring and ensuring the reliability of assembled wooden buildings and structures in operation during shrinkage caused by climatic changes due to cylindrical stop elements, a cutter with teeth extending beyond the axis of the rod, and the dimensions of the rod and cutter. The essence of the utility model is that the upper and lower stop elements are designed as a cylindrical bowl, the rod contains a cutter with teeth, wherein the cutter teeth have a bulge extending beyond the axis of the rod; The rod thread has a length from 60 mm to 180 mm, and the cutter with teeth has a length from 10 mm to 12 mm.

[0008] A review of the state-of-the-art technology has shown that spring assemblies for wooden structures share common design elements: a rod with a faceted head, a thread on the outer surface of the rod located at the end opposite the faceted head, and an upper stop element, a spring, and a lower stop element sequentially threaded coaxially onto the rod. However, the design of these elements differs. These known solutions are aimed at improving the compensating properties of the spring and ensuring the reliability of assembled wooden structures during operation during shrinkage.

[0009] However, one of the problems remains the cracking of wood when the spring unit is screwed in.

[0010] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0011] This utility model aims to solve the stated problem. The proposed solution is an improvement on the described analogs, and a combination of essential features, not known from the prior art, ensures the achievement of a technical result consisting of a gentle effect on wood, preventing cracking and preventing splitting.

[0012] The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the spring unit for mounting wooden structures, which is a rod, includes a faceted head, a thread on the outer surface of the rod, located at the opposite end from the faceted head, and an upper stop element, a spring and a lower stop element sequentially coaxially strung on the rod, wherein the spring unit is equipped with a cylindrical cutter made on the rod with cutting edges, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the smooth part, and the thread turns contain spiral grooves, and the tip of the rod is made conical in shape with a notch.

[0013] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] The essence of the utility model is explained by the following illustrative materials.

[0015] Fig. 1 shows the general view of the spring unit.

[0016] Fig. 2 shows a cylindrical cutter made on a rod.

[0017] Fig. 3 shows the grooves on the thread turns.

[0018] Fig. 4 shows the tip of the rod with a notch.

[0019] IMPLEMENTATION OF A UTILITY MODEL

[0020] With reference to Fig. 1, the spring unit is a rod 1 containing a head 2, an upper stop element 3, a sleeve 4, a spring 5, a lower stop element 6, a locking element 7 in the form of a washer, a cutter 9, and a thread on the rod 9.

[0021] The following features, taken together, ensure the technical result stated by the applicant is achieved. Rod 1 is equipped with a cylindrical cutter 8 with cutting edges whose diameter exceeds that of the smooth portion of the rod, which perform the primary cutting of the wood during screwing. Due to the cutter's larger diameter than the smooth portion of the rod, during screwing, it drills a passage for the smooth portion to prevent wood fibers from interfering with the operation of the spring block (Fig. 2).

[0022] The tip of the rod 1 is made of a conical shape 10. On the thread turns 9, a spiral groove 11 is made - a section of the surface intended to eliminate undercutting of the thread by reducing the diameter of the rod for the external thread and increasing the diameter of the hole for the internal thread, ensuring the exit of the thread-forming tool (Fig. 3).

[0023] These features ensure safer entry when screwing into wood - the wood does not crack, since the thread cutter of the self-tapping screw removes the lateral load on the fibers.

[0024] The proposed technical solution differs significantly from known analogues in the following features: the spring unit is equipped with a cylindrical cutter made on the rod, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the smooth part and is equipped with monolithic cutting edges, while the threads contain spiral grooves, and the tip of the rod is made conical with a notch.

[0025] These differences allow us to achieve a new technical result - eliminating wood cracking during installation, which was not provided by previous solutions, and in particular by the closest analogue.

[0026] The device's basic operating mechanism is based on the interaction of its structural elements during installation and operation: a cylindrical cutter with solid cutting edges drills a hole in the wood, a conical tip with a notch ensures smooth entry into the material, and spiral grooves on the thread reduce lateral pressure on the wood fibers.

[0027] The operating principle of the spring unit for connecting wooden structures is as follows.

[0028] The initial installation stage begins with preparing the seat for the rod head in the upper structural element. The rod with the installed components is then inserted into the prepared hole. The installation process is as follows: a cylindrical cutter with solid cutting edges begins forming the hole as it is screwed in. Due to the larger diameter of the cutter compared to the smooth part of the rod, a pre-drilling process occurs. The conical tip with serrations ensures smooth penetration into the wood without cracking. Spiral grooves on the threads reduce lateral pressure on the wood fibers. As the structure settles, the spring partially expands, and a stop sleeve prevents excessive compression, stopping the installation of the structure in the desired position.

[0029] The final stage of installation is characterized by full contact of all elements: the lower stop element reaches the bottom of the seat, the spring is compressed to the specified limit, the upper stop element rests against the head of the rod, the connection is fixed in the working position.

[0030] As a result of this installation, cracking of wood is eliminated, the load is distributed evenly, the elements are securely connected, and the integrity of the material is maintained.

[0031] Thus, all structural elements work together, ensuring a gentle impact on the wood during installation and a reliable connection during operation, which helps avoid typical problems during installation in wood - cracking and deformation of the material.

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