A TANK WAGON FOR TRANSPORTING OIL PRODUCTS, INCLUDED IN THE 1-T DIMENSION

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of railway transport, in particular to the designs of tank cars intended for operation on 1520 mm gauge railways in the rolling stock and building clearance gauge 1-T (hereinafter referred to as the 1-T gauge) and an axle load of 25 tf. A tank car for the transportation of petroleum products, inscribed in the 1-T gauge, contains a boiler (1) with a drain device (2), made in the form of a container consisting of a shell (8) and bottoms (9), and supported through a frame (4) on a chassis (5), and also contains automatic coupling devices (6) and braking equipment (7). The tank car is made with a nominal length A along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers, the frame (4) is made with a nominal length B along the frontal sheets (12) of the end beams (11) and the boiler (1) protrudes beyond the frontal sheet (12) of the end beam (11) located on the side of the automatic coupler (6). The boiler (1) is made with a variable internal diameter of the shell (8) and with torispherical bottoms (9).The outer length G of the boiler (1) is made no less than 11581 mm, and the distance D along the longitudinal axis of the tank car between the extreme point of the outer surface of the bottom (9) of the boiler (1) and the coupling axis of the automatic coupler is made in the range from 145 to 209 mm. The utility model increases the carrying capacity of the tank car by increasing the useful volume of the boiler (1). 7 reference numerals, 6 figs.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of railway transport, in particular to the designs of tank cars intended for use on railways with a gauge of 1520 mm in the rolling stock and building clearance gauge 1-T (hereinafter referred to as the 1-T gauge) and an axle load of 25 tf.

[0002] The prior art includes serial four-axle tank cars for transporting cargo with a density of up to 1.04 t / m3. 3, such as oil and gasoline tank cars, for example, the tank car for light petroleum products model 15-1213 and the tank car for petroleum products 15-1219, which were designed taking into account the requirements of the SMGS "Rules for the Transport of Dangerous Goods", Chapter 6.20 Requirements for the manufacture, equipment, conformity assessment, inspection (inspection), testing and marking of tank cars intended for operation on 1520 mm gauge railways, the boilers of which are made of metal, OSJD (hereinafter referred to as the SMGS Rules). In particular, the said SMGS Rule established the value of the minimum distance between the end beam and the most protruding point on the boiler bottom. However, the currently valid SMGS Rules (as of 01.10.2025) do not regulate specific values.

[0003] These tank car models have been developed and implemented with a 7800 mm wheelbase and a coupling axle length of 12020 mm in 1-T gauge, which is practical in terms of increasing the carrying capacity, as this is the largest rolling stock gauge. However, within the permissible axle load of 25 tf for tank cars for the transportation of oil and petroleum products, there is underutilization of the carrying capacity, since the boiler volume of tank cars with an axle load of 23.5 tf and a standard coupling axle length of 12020 mm does not exceed 88.0 m 3 , accordingly, the mass of petroleum products in such a tank does not exceed 69.5 tons. With a permissible axle load of up to 25 tf, the tank car designs used do not allow for achieving the required design load capacity.

[0004] A four-axle tank car for transportation of oil and oil products of model 15-9993 is known ([Electronic resource]: [site] / Vagon.by: Site about the rolling stock and rolling stock - Electronic, given. - Access mode: https: / / vagon.by / model / 15-9993 / - Title from the screen). The design of the tank car, in which the diameter of the boiler is close to the outline of the established clearance of the rolling stock - 1-T, contains a frame of unified length, automatic coupling devices and a boiler with draining and filling equipment, made in the form of a container consisting of a shell and two bottoms and resting through the frame on the running gear, and also contains automatic coupling devices and braking equipment. The tank car frame in its design contains a backbone, two kingpins, two end beams, each of the end beams includes a vertical straight front sheet.The length of the known tank car along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers is 12020 mm and the nominal length of the frame along the end beams is 10800 mm, the internal nominal diameter of the boiler is 3240 mm, and the length of the tank car boiler is increased and equals 11200 mm with a boiler protrusion at a nominal size of 200 mm on each side, which made it possible to increase the boiler volume to 88 m3. 3 , with a carrying capacity of 73.3 tons. In this case, when transporting cargo with a density of less than 0.860 t / m 3 , which corresponds to a wide range of light petroleum products, if the boiler volume is fully utilized, the calculated lifting capacity will not be achieved.

[0005] A technical solution is known, adopted as a prototype, aimed at increasing the volume of the tank car boiler with a 1-T gauge and an axle load of 25 tf (RU 237550 U1, B61D5 / 00, published 09.25.2025). The specified tank car, with standard parameters of the tank car length along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers and the frame length, contains a boiler with a drain device, made in the form of a container consisting of a shell and bottoms, and resting through the frame on the chassis, and also contains automatic coupling devices and braking equipment, while the boiler protrudes beyond the front plate located on the side of the automatic coupling device, while the internal diameter of the boiler is 3200 mm, the length of the boiler is made in the range of values ​​​​11410 ÷ 11580 mm, the distance between the extreme point of the boiler bottom and the extension of the automatic coupler is made in the range of values ​​​​210 ÷ 240 mm. With this design of the tank car, the volume of the boiler increases to 89.4 m 3 with a lifting capacity of 73.67 tons, obtained on the basis of a volume of 89.4 m 3, maximum density of 1.03 t / m3 3 and the standardized minimum boiler filling volume of 0.8, regulated by the SMGS Rules.

[0006] The technical problem of known designs is insufficient load-bearing capacity due to the insufficient volume of the boiler, the geometry of which does not use the possible space to fit into the 1-T dimensions.

[0007] The technical result of the claimed utility model is an increase in the carrying capacity of a tank car by increasing the useful volume of the boiler.

[0008] The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that in a tank car for the transportation of petroleum products, inscribed in the 1-T gauge, containing a boiler with a drain device, made in the form of a container consisting of a shell and bottoms, and supported through a frame on the chassis, and also containing automatic coupling devices and braking equipment, wherein the tank car is made with a nominal length A along the coupling axes of the automatic couplings, the frame is made with a nominal length B along the frontal sheets of the end beams, the boiler protrudes beyond the frontal sheet of the end beam located on the side of the automatic coupling device, the boiler is made with a variable internal diameter of the shell and with torispherical bottoms, wherein the outer length G of the boiler is made at least 11581 mm, and the distance D along the longitudinal axis of the tank car between the extreme point of the outer surface of the bottom of the boiler and the coupling axis of the automatic coupling is made in the range from 145 to 209 mm.

[0009] As a development of the utility model, it may be preferable to make the outer length G of the boiler in the range from 11640 to 11700 mm; it may be preferable to make the outer length G of the boiler equal to the distance E along the longitudinal axis of the tank car between the extreme points of the outer surfaces of the boiler bottom and the frontal sheet of the end beam of the frame can be made in the range from 411 to 461 mm; it is preferable to make the distance E along the longitudinal axis of the car between the extreme points of the outer surfaces of the boiler bottom and the frontal sheet of the end beam of the frame equal to 430 mm; the boiler can be made with a minimum internal shell diameter equal to 3209 mm, and a maximum internal shell diameter equal to 3250 mm; the boiler can be made with a minimum external shell diameter equal to 3225 mm, and a maximum external shell diameter equal to 3266 mm; The tank car can be made with a nominal length A along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers equal to 12020 mm, the frame is made with a nominal length B along the frontal sheets of the end beams equal to 10800 mm.

[0010] A comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the boiler is made with a variable inner diameter of the shell and with torispherical bottoms, while the outer length G of the boiler is made at least 11581 mm, and the distance D along the longitudinal axis of the car between the extreme point of the outer surface of the boiler bottom and the coupling axis of the automatic coupling is made in the range from 145 to 209 mm; it may be preferable to make the outer length G of the boiler in the range from 11640 to 11700 mm; it may be preferable to make the outer length G of the boiler equal to the distance E along the longitudinal axis of the tank car between the extreme points of the outer surfaces of the boiler bottom and the frontal sheet of the end beam of the frame may be made in the range of sizes from 411 to 461 mm; it is preferable to make the distance E equal to 430 mm; the boiler may be made with a minimum internal shell diameter equal to 3209 mm and a maximum internal shell diameter equal to 3250 mm; the boiler may be made with a minimum external shell diameter equal to 3225 mm and a maximum external shell diameter equal to 3266 mm; the tank car may be made with a nominal length A along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers equal to 12020 mm, the frame is made with a nominal length B along the frontal sheets of the end beams equal to 10800 mm. This difference from the prototype provides grounds for asserting that the proposed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of a utility model - “novelty”.

[0011] The proposed utility model is explained by graphic material, where Fig. 1 shows a tank car for transporting petroleum products, inscribed in the 1-T clearance, isometric projection; Fig. 2 - a tank car, main view; Fig. 3 - static clearance 1-T; Fig. 4 - a fragment of a tank car, an external element I in Fig. 2; Fig. 5 - the calculated positions of two coupled tank cars when passing ramps of 40%; Fig. 6 - the calculated positions of two coupled tank cars when passing in a curve of 80 m.

[0012] A tank car for transporting petroleum products, inscribed in the 1-T gauge (Fig. 1 - Fig. 4), contains a boiler 1, equipped with a drain device 2 and a manhole 3 with a set of safety and control valves (not shown), supported through a frame 4 on a chassis 5, and also contains automatic coupling devices 6 and braking equipment 7. The tank car is made with a nominal length A along the coupling axes of the automatic couplings, equal to, for example, 12020 mm and a nominal length B of the car base, equal to, for example, 7800 mm. The nominal size is understood to be the size of a geometric element of an ideal shape, defined by a drawing, used to calculate the limiting dimensions by adding it to the upper and lower limit deviations (GOST 25346-2013 "Basic standards of interchangeability. Geometric characteristics of products. System of tolerances for linear dimensions. Basic provisions, tolerances, deviations and fits").The frame 4 comprises a centre beam 10, two kingpin beams (not shown) and two end beams 11. Each end beam 11 includes a vertical straight frontal plate 12. The frame 4 is made with a unified length B along the outer surfaces of the frontal plates 12 of the end beams 11, equal to 10800 mm. The length B along the outer surfaces of the frontal plates 12 of the end beams 11 is understood to be the distance between the mating surfaces of the front stops of the automatic coupling (not shown). The boiler 1 is made in the form of a container consisting of a shell 8 and bottoms 9, and protrudes beyond the frontal plate 12 of the end beam 11 located on the side of the automatic coupling device 6.

[0013] The technical result, which consists in increasing the carrying capacity of the tank car by increasing the useful volume of the boiler, is achieved as follows.

[0014] Boiler 1 is designed with a variable internal diameter of the shell 8 and with torispherical bottoms 9. The external length G of the boiler 1 is no less than 11581 mm, and the distance D along the longitudinal axis of the tank car between the extreme point of the outer surface of the bottom 9 of the boiler 1 and the coupling axis of the automatic coupling is in the range from 145 to 209 mm. The extreme point of the outer surface of the bottom is understood to be the point furthest from the transverse plane of symmetry of the car.

[0015] This design of boiler 1 allows it to fit into the 1-T dimensions, ensuring an increase in the volume of boiler 1 to 92 m3 3 and a carrying capacity of up to 75 tons within the permissible axle load of 25 tons while maintaining the length A of the tank car along the coupling axes of the automatic couplings.

[0016] The use of torispherical bottoms (9) allows for a reduction in the depth of the convex portion of the bottoms (9) to increase the length of the shell (8) compared to the closest equivalent, whose boiler bottoms have a standard ellipticity with a convex-to-diameter ratio of 0.2 or 0.25. Shell (8) can be manufactured with a minimum internal diameter of 3209 mm and a maximum internal diameter of 3250 mm, as well as with a minimum external diameter of 3225 mm and a maximum external diameter of 3266 mm. Exceeding the lower limit of these ranges is not advisable, as it will not lead to the achievement of the technical result. Exceeding the upper limit will result in exceeding the outline of dimension 1-T.

[0017] Making the outer length G of the tank to be at least 11581 mm is optimal for achieving the technical result and is ensured when the distance D along the longitudinal axis of the tank car between the extreme point of the outer surface of the bottom 9 of the tank 1 and the coupling axis of the automatic coupling is made in the range from 145 to 209 mm, which does not contradict the fulfillment of the requirements of the Agreement on International Freight Traffic by Rail (SMGS) and GOST 10674-2022 "Tank cars. General specifications" to exclude the possibility of touching the bottoms of two identical tank cars when their coupling passes along vertical curves. In Fig. 5 and 6 show examples of the most unfavorable cases, respectively: the calculated position of two coupled tank cars when passing ramps of 40% and the calculated position when passing along a horizontal curve of a minimum radius of 80 m. It is preferable to implement the outer length G of the boiler in the range from 11640 to 11700 mm.Exceeding the upper value of the external length G range is not advisable, as it may lead to contact of the bottoms in cases stipulated by GOST 10674-2022. It is also preferable to make the external length G of the boiler equal to. .

[0018] Maintaining the length A of a tank car along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers when forming a train ensures the alignment of the drain device 2 and the manhole 3 of each tank car with the loading and unloading equipment of the terminals without uncoupling the train of tank cars during loading / unloading of cargo.

[0019] If the nominal length A of a tank car along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers is 12020 mm, it is advisable to use an automatic coupler with a distance from the coupling axis of the automatic coupler to the outer surface of the front plate 12 of the end beam 11 of at least 610 mm, since in this case the distance from the coupling axis of the automatic coupler to the extreme point of the outer surface of the boiler 1 at the maximum stroke of the draft gear (not shown) will decrease. Accordingly, the distance between the bottoms 9 of two coupled tank cars will also decrease, which may lead to their contact when passing hump yards and ramps.

[0020] As a development of the utility model, the distance E along the longitudinal axis of the tank car between the extreme points of the outer surfaces of the bottom 9 of the boiler 1 and the front plate 12 of the end beam 11 of the frame 4 is made in the range from 411 to 461 mm. The extreme point of the outer surface of the front plate 12 is understood to be the mating surface of the front stops of the automatic coupling (not shown). It is preferable to make the distance E equal to 430 mm. The distance Ж along the longitudinal axis of the tank car between the extreme point of the outer surface of the bottom 9 of the boiler 1 and the extreme point of the outer surface of the automatic coupling of the automatic coupling device 6 is made in the range from 270 to 335 mm.

[0021] Another parameter affecting the increase in the tank car's load-carrying capacity is its weight. Increasing the volume of boiler 1 is achieved by increasing its geometric dimensions, and with unchanged thickness, this leads to a corresponding increase in its weight. In the proposed tank car, despite its increased volume, boiler 1 has a reduced weight. For example, the weight of boiler 1, depending on the type of discharge device 2, ranges from 9.623 to 9.655 tons, compared to 10.532 tons for the 15-9993 tank car. This is due to a reduction in its thickness, as the minimum thickness of boiler 1 in the proposed tank car is reduced to, for example, 8 mm. This reduction in boiler thickness is achieved, for example, by using a material with increased strength.In addition, maintaining the length B of frame 4 and improving its design (for example, making through cuts in frame elements and / or using a material with increased strength) makes it possible to reduce the weight of frame 4, for example, to 2.833 tons compared to a tank car model 15-9993 - 3.220 tons. Thus, reducing the weight of boiler 1 and frame 4 leads to a decrease in the weight of the tank car and, accordingly, to an increase in its load-bearing capacity.

[0022] A specific example of the implementation of the utility model is a tank car for the transportation of petroleum products, inscribed in the 1-T gauge. The tank car is made with a length A along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers, equal to , the frame is made with length B along the frontal sheets of the end beams, equal to The frame 4 is made with a center beam 10, two pivot beams (not shown) and two end beams 11, equipped with an automatic coupling device 6, braking equipment 7 and supported on the chassis 5. The boiler is made in the form of a container with an external length G equal to , which is assembled from a shell and bottoms made using high-strength material with a yield strength of at least 375 N / mm 2The shell is assembled from cylindrical and conical elements (not shown). The shell 8 is manufactured with a minimum internal diameter of 3209 mm and a maximum internal diameter of 3250 mm, with a minimum external diameter of 3225 mm and a maximum external diameter of 3266 mm. The bottoms 9 are made torispherical. The boiler is equipped with a drain device 2 and a manhole 3 with a set of safety and control valves (not shown) and is installed on the frame 4, while the distance D along the longitudinal axis of the car between the extreme point of the outer surface of the boiler bottom and the coupling axis of the automatic coupling is performed in the range from 145 to 209 mm.

[0023] The entire set of design features used in the proposed tank car made it possible, through a design change in the geometry of the boiler 1 while maintaining the length A of the tank car along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers, to increase the volume of the boiler to 92 m3 while simultaneously increasing the load capacity to 75 tons within the permissible axle load of 25 tf, compared to existing analogs of tank cars for the transportation of petroleum products, inscribed in the 1-T gauge.

Claims

1. A tank car for transporting petroleum products, inscribed within a 1-T gauge, containing a boiler with a drain device consisting of a shell and bottoms, and supported by a frame on the chassis, and also containing automatic coupling devices and braking equipment, wherein the tank car is made with a nominal length A along the coupling axes of the automatic couplings, the frame is made with a nominal length B along the frontal sheets of the end beams, and the boiler protrudes beyond the frontal sheet of the end beam located on the side of the automatic coupling device, characterized in that the boiler is made with a variable internal diameter of the shell and with torispherical bottoms, wherein the external length G of the boiler is made at least 11581 mm, and the distance D along the longitudinal axis of the car between the extreme point of the outer surface of the bottom of the boiler and the coupling axis of the automatic coupling is made in the range from 145 to 209 mm.

2. A tank car according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the outer length G of the boiler is in the range from 11,640 to 11,700 mm.

3. A tank car according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the outer length G of the boiler is made equal to 4. A tank car according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the distance E along the longitudinal axis of the car between the extreme points of the outer surfaces of the bottom of the boiler and the front sheet of the end beam of the frame is in the range from 411 to 461 mm.

5. A tank car according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the distance E along the longitudinal axis of the car between the extreme points of the outer surfaces of the boiler and the frontal sheet of the end beam of the frame is equal to 430 mm.

6. A tank car according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the boiler is made with a minimum internal shell diameter equal to 3209 mm and a maximum internal shell diameter equal to 3250 mm.

7. A tank car according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the boiler is made with a minimum outer shell diameter equal to 3225 mm and a maximum outer shell diameter equal to 3266 mm.

8. A tank car according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the tank car is made with a nominal length A along the coupling axes of the automatic couplers equal to 12020 mm, the frame is made with a nominal length B along the frontal sheets of the end beams equal to 10800 mm.

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