CARTRIDGE FOR DEFEATING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
The composite wad design in shotgun cartridges enhances projectile dispersion, addressing the limited scattering issue in existing cartridges, effectively targeting UAVs by increasing the likelihood of hitting critical components.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- RU · RU
- Patent Type
- Utility models
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ДУБРОВСКИЙ АНАТОЛИЙ ФЕДОРОВИЧ
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-07
Smart Images
Figure 00000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The utility model relates to ammunition, in particular to shotgun cartridges for smoothbore guns, and is intended to solve the problem of destroying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
[0002] At present, the main direction for increasing the efficiency of smoothbore guns is recognized as: increasing the accuracy of the flight of the projectile element (shot) during firing.
[0003] Thus, in particular, a wad-container for shot and bullet projectiles is known according to the USSR A.S. No. 1798610A1, IPC F42 B7 / 08, 1991, which contains a wad-container for shot and bullet projectiles, containing a conical head part with an end recess and a tail part made with an end recess and with the formation of a bottom between the recesses of the wad-container, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of fire and increase the tightness of cartridges, the tail part is made cylindrical-conical with a narrowing towards the bottom, and its recess is made with a height and diameter equal to the height and diameter of the projectile, while an asymmetrical protrusion is made at the bottom of the recess of the head part.
[0004] This design solution allows for improved accuracy when shooting with shot.
[0005] These cartridges are analogs of the cartridge according to the proposed invention.
[0006] However, it should be noted that one of the main factors in the effectiveness of smoothbore guns for the effective destruction of UAVs, in our opinion, is no longer the accuracy of the pellets during firing, but rather the expansion of the dispersion radius of the projectile after firing, which increases the probability of hitting the target. It is also important to keep in mind that the complete destruction of a UAV is not necessary for its destruction. Simply striking a fragment of the projectile on a rapidly rotating UAV blade is sufficient. Hitting the UAV blade will inevitably lead to disorientation and damage to the UAV.
[0007] From this point of view, the disadvantage of the known wad-container, an analogue of the proposed invention, is the small radius of dispersion of the projectile element - shot after the shot, i.e. a fairly high accuracy of the shot flight during the shot.
[0008] The closest analogue, which is selected as the prototype, is patent No. 2283468 IPC F42 B7 / 08, 2004 - a hunting cartridge with steel shot for smoothbore weapons. The cartridge contains a cartridge case, a primer, a propellant charge, a shot projectile placed in a wad container, and a sabot, characterized in that the sabot is made of metal and is inserted into a polyethylene tube, which is secured by the sabot to form a rim and a primer pocket.
[0009] This design solution, just like its analogue, allows for improved accuracy when shooting with shot.
[0010] Thus, the disadvantage of the cartridge known from the prototype is, just like its analogue, a small radius of dispersion of the projectile element (shot) after firing.
[0011] The technical result of the utility model is aimed at a high radius of dispersion of the projectile after firing.
[0012] The stated technical result is achieved by making the wad composite and consisting of two elements: an upper disk and a conical fairing. The upper disk is rigidly connected to the base of the conical fairing, the tip of which is directed toward the projectile being thrown. The cartridge dimensions are selected according to the following condition:
[0013] Dd≥2d д +2L,
[0014] where D is the inner diameter of the sleeve; d is the outer diameter of the base of the conical fairing; d д - diameter of the pellet of the thrown element; L - thickness of the side wall of the container, inside the conical fairing there is a “sample”, for example, conical, with a base diameter of d1, where d1 <d, а угол α наклона образующей конического обтекателя равен 45°.
[0015] The essence of the proposed technical solution is explained by the following drawings. Fig. 1 shows the design of the proposed cartridge, Fig. 2 - view A, Fig. 3 - shows the container structure; Fig. 4 - a variant of the design implementation of the conical fairing 7; Fig. 5 - a fragment of the conical fairing 7.
[0016] A cartridge according to the proposed technical solution consists (Fig. 1) of a cartridge case 2, in the lower part 1 of which a primer-igniter 3 is installed, a propellant powder charge 4, a container 5, inside which a projectile element 6, for example, a shot charge, is placed. From above, the projectile element 6 and the container 5 are fixed by a composite wad, consisting of an upper disk 8, rigidly connected to the base of a conical fairing 7, the tip of which is directed towards the projectile, and the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the conical fairing is equal to α. The upper disk 8 is fixed in the cartridge case 2 by stops-flanges 9 (Fig. 2). On the side surface of the container 5, longitudinal slots 10 are made (Fig. 3), which form opening petals.
[0017] Note that to enhance the sealing effect, the lower portion of the container 5, the sealing bands 11 (Fig. 4), are made with an increased diameter. This portion of the container, after firing, due to the elasticity of the sealing band material, "straightens out," ensuring a sealed bore during firing.
[0018] The cartridge size is selected according to the condition
[0019] Dd≥2d д +2L, (1)
[0020] where D is the inner diameter of the sleeve 2; d is the outer diameter of the base of the conical fairing 7; d д - diameter of the shot of the thrown element 6; L - thickness of the side wall of the container 5.
[0021] The cartridge functions as follows.
[0022] When fired, the propellant gases impact the bottom of container 5, propelling the composite wad and container along the barrel bore. The elastic force of the petals presses them against the bore walls and, together with the obturating band, seals the propellant gases. Upon exiting the bore, the petals open due to their elasticity and the aerodynamic drag of the oncoming airflow.
[0023] Container 5, and together with it the thrown element 6, the upper disk 8 and the conical fairing 7 are knocked out of the cartridge case 2, bending the flange stops 9. In this case, after the container 5 leaves the muzzle of the gun, the shot of the thrown element 6, rolling along the lateral conical surface of the conical fairing 7, tends to further push apart the lateral parts (petals) of the container 5. The latter occurs due to the fact that the kinetic energy E1 of the thrown element - shot 6 is much greater than the total kinetic energy E2 of the upper disk 8 and the conical fairing 7, i.e.
[0024] E1>>E2(2),
[0025] where E1=(MV 2 ) / 2; E2=(MV 2 ) / 2; M is the mass of the thrown element - shot 6; m is the total mass of the upper disk 8 and the conical fairing 7; V is the flight speed of the thrown element and the composite wad.
[0026] The validity of relation (2) is ensured by the obvious condition
[0027] M>>m. (3)
[0028] Note that relation (3), in particular, can be ensured, for example, by means of an appropriate design of a conical “sample” with a base diameter d1 and an angle β (Fig. 4). In this case, it is obvious that the relation
[0029] d1 <d. (4)
[0030] It should be noted that the upward movement of wad 8 and conical fairing 7 is impeded by air resistance. This force constantly presses disk 8 and conical fairing 7 against projectile 6, further "forcing" the pellets of projectile 6, under the influence of the conical lateral surface of fairing 7, to scatter intensively in directions perpendicular to the cartridge axis. This increases the dispersion radius of the projectile after firing.
[0031] Note that the cartridge design prevents the container 5 from jamming in the gun barrel at the moment of firing before the container 5 exits the gun barrel. This occurs because, as the container 5 moves within the gun barrel, the wad 8 is additionally displaced upward by at least one ring of pellets. This is guaranteed by condition (1).
[0032] Let's discuss the phenomenon of solving the problem of increasing the effectiveness of UAV destruction. We will derive a condition for dispersion enhancement, i.e., a condition for increasing the dispersion radius of projectile 6 after firing. For this purpose, we will consider the movement of a single pellet B (Fig. 5) during firing.
[0033] During the shot, the pellet moves upward, sliding along the conical surface OA of the fairing 7 at a speed V y Let us emphasize that V y - the projection of the velocity V of the pellet B onto the ordinate axis OY (Fig. 5). In this case, the projection V x speed V fraction B on the abscissa axis OX is equal to:
[0034] V x =V y tgα. (5)
[0035] From relation (5), in particular, it follows that the speed V x "scatter" of pellets of the thrown element 6 in the direction of the OX axis will be equal to the speed V y movements of the thrown element 6 after the shot when the following condition is met:
[0036] α=45°. (6)
[0037] If α is less than 45°, then the speed V x the "dispersion" of pellets will be less than the speed V y movement of the projectile 6 after firing. If α is greater than 45°, then the force of mutual resistance to the movement of the pellets and the velocity V increase unjustifiably. x sharply decreases. This is confirmed by numerous studies of the process of "constrained" flow of bulk materials.
[0038] The results of the practical implementation of the proposed cartridge design and the analysis of the shot's ballistic parameters confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed cartridge design. Test firings were conducted.
[0039] Comparative tests - shooting standard cartridges of caliber 12 / 70, and prototype cartridges of our design (at α=90°) of the same caliber, at targets from a distance of 35 meters, showed that after firing, the dispersion radius of the projectile of prototype cartridges in 77% of cases is 58% higher than that of standard cartridges.
[0040] It is assumed that the most effective use of the developed cartridge designs for the destruction of UAVs is in the multi-shot carbine model Saiga 12, versions 30 or 33.
Claims
1. A cartridge for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles, comprising a cartridge case, in the lower part of which a primer-igniter is placed, wherein in the cartridge case there is an expelling powder charge and a container inside which a projectile is placed, the projectile and the container are fixed in the cartridge case from above by a composite wad, including an upper disk, which is fixed in the cartridge case by flange stops, longitudinal slots are made on the side surface of the container, characterized in that the upper disk of the composite wad is rigidly connected to the base of a conical fairing, the tip of which is directed towards the projectile.
2. The cartridge according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the cartridge are selected according to the condition D–d≥2d д +2L, where D is the inner diameter of the sleeve; d – outer diameter of the base of the conical fairing; d д – diameter of the shot of the thrown element; L – thickness of the side wall of the container.
3. The cartridge according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a conical recess with a base diameter of d1 is made inside the conical fairing. <d.
4. The cartridge according to item 1, characterized in that the angle α of inclination of the generatrix of the conical fairing is equal to 45°.< / d.