ROPE EXCAVATOR BUCKET TURNING MECHANISM

Abstract

This utility model relates to earthmoving equipment, such as single-bucket excavators with rope traction, used for excavating and loading soil. The objective of the utility model is to increase excavator productivity. The essence of the utility model is that the traction rope, by wrapping around a block pivotally attached to the lower part of the handle, is connected to a movable part of the rocker arm. The fixed hinge of the rocker arm is mounted on the handle at a distance from the bucket pivot, ensuring the rocker arm's rotation angle from its upper extreme position to its lower extreme position within a range of 70 to 80 degrees. The movable part of the rocker arm is simultaneously connected to both the traction rope from below and the hoist rope from above, and the rocker arm's extreme positions are limited by stops mounted on the handle and equipped with controlled latches.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to earthmoving equipment of the single-bucket excavator type with rope traction, used for soil development and loading.

[0002] The purpose of the utility model is to improve the operational performance of the excavator.

[0003] The said objective is achieved by the fact that the traction rope, by bending around a block pivotally fixed in the lower part of the handle, is connected to the movable part of the rocker arm, the fixed hinge of which is installed on the handle at a distance from the bucket rotation hinge, providing the value of the rocker arm rotation angle from its upper extreme position to the extreme lower position in the range of 70-80 degrees, while the movable part of the rocker arm is simultaneously connected both to the traction rope from below and to the lifting rope from above, and the extreme positions of the rocker arm are limited by stops installed on the handle and equipped with controlled latches.

[0004] Conventional rope-driven excavators have a rigid attachment of the bucket to the handle via a rod of a predetermined length (see, for example, the EO-4112 excavator at http: / / www.t330.ru / eo4112.him). Field observations of the digging process using such excavators with reverse shovel-type attachments have shown that the main reason for the reduction in operational productivity is the loss of some of the scooped soil during the lifting and transport to the unloading area. This is primarily due to the design features of the rigid attachment of the bucket to the handle, which essentially precludes the possibility of rationally positioning the bucket along the corresponding section of the trajectory (digging, scooping, transporting, unloading). On hydraulic excavators, this problem is solved by pivoting the bucket to the handle and controlling its rotation with an additional hydraulic cylinder.For excavators with cable suspension, the hinged attachment of the bucket to the handle requires an additional device to control its rotation. Furthermore, existing external impact systems for the bucket are virtually impossible to align with the existing design of the working equipment.

[0005] A known solution to this problem is based on the introduction of two additional kinematic links, simultaneously pivotally connecting the bucket with the handle and boom in the form of two variable-length rods according to Russian Patent 2450106 "Working equipment of a single-bucket excavator", published 10.05.2012, Bulletin No. 13, which is taken as a prototype.

[0006] The proposed working equipment consists of two adjacent four-link mechanisms, where the variable-length links are designed as hydraulic cylinders. The first of these connects the bucket to the handle, and the other connects the bucket to the boom. However, it is known that under extreme conditions (working with abrasive rocks in some quarries and mines, as well as work in extreme temperatures from minus 50 to plus 50 degrees, for example, in the far north or the tropics), the hydraulic system and its components, such as hydraulic cylinders, pumps, high-pressure hoses, shut-off and control equipment, etc., are strongly affected by the external environment, limiting the applicability of this design.

[0007] Fig. 1 shows a general view of the bucket rotation mechanism, which ensures the required position of the bucket relative to the handle at various sections of the digging / unloading trajectory by appropriately controlling the operation of the traction and lifting winches in the "pull-braking-loosening" modes. Fig. 2 shows the kinematic diagram of the working equipment of the bucket rotation mechanism.

[0008] The working equipment of the excavator comprises a boom 1, the lower part of which is connected to the platform of the excavator 2, and the upper part to the handle 3. In turn, the lower end of the handle 3 is pivotally connected to the bucket 4, the upper part of which is connected to the handle 3 by means of a rod 5 and a rocker arm 6, forming a hinged four-link mechanism for turning the bucket. In the lower part of the handle 3, a traction block 7 is pivotally mounted, by means of which the traction rope 8 is connected on one side from below with the movable part of the rocker arm 6, and on the other side with the traction winch 9 equipped with a brake 10. In turn, the rocker arm 6 is connected from above by means of a lifting rope 11 with a lifting winch 12 having a brake 13. On the handle 3, stops with controlled latches-locks, upper 14 and lower 15, are mounted, limiting and fixing the rocker arm 6 in the extreme upper and lower positions.

[0009] In Fig. 1, the trajectory of movement of the front (cutting) edge of the bucket 4 is also indicated by a thin line 16-17-18-19-20-16, where points 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 show the most characteristic positions of the bucket for the digging and unloading process.

[0010] The working equipment of the excavator operates as follows.

[0011] Control of the working equipment (boom 1, handle 3, bucket 4, traction 5 and rocker arm 6) in the section of positioning of bucket 4 on the face 16-17 is carried out by hoisting rope 11, while bucket 4 is in the initial open position relative to handle 3 determined by the corresponding operation of lifting winch 12 by tensioning / loosening hoisting rope 11, connected from above with rocker arm 6. When rocker arm 6 is in the upper extreme position fixed by upper stop 14 with latch lock, while traction rope 8, having connection from below with the movable part of rocker arm 6, is in a weakened state by releasing brake 10 of traction drum 9.After the front cutting edge of the bucket 4 contacts the soil being excavated (trajectory point 17), the digging process begins, cutting into the soil under the action of the weight of the working equipment and pulling the boom 1 and handle 3 toward the excavator 2 by the traction winch 9 while maintaining the initial position of the bucket 4 relative to the handle 3 by fixing the rocker arm 6 with the upper stop with the controlled latch lock 14.

[0012] In the deepening (digging) section 17-18, the working equipment is controlled by the traction rope 8, the bucket 4 is still fixed in its original position.

[0013] At the moment of maximum penetration (point 18), brake 13 releases lifting winch 12 while simultaneously opening latch lock 14. Further movement of handle 3 is accompanied by a corresponding rotation of rocker arm 6 due to the force of traction rope 8 and a corresponding rotation of bucket 4 relative to handle 3 by means of rod 5, wherein the rotation of bucket occurs gradually over the entire scooping section 18-19. Such smooth rotation of bucket 4 is achieved by gradual redistribution of forces interacting with rocker arm 6 between the force from below of traction rope 8 and the braking force from above of hoist rope 11. The scooping process ends when rocker arm 6 reaches lower stop 15 and fixes it with a controlled lock (point 19). The position of bucket 4 in this case corresponds to its maximum filling.

[0014] After moving the bucket 4 to the unloading point by turning the platform of the excavator 2 (point 20), the winch of the traction rope 9 is released by the brake 10, at the same time the latch lock of the lower stop 15 is opened and the bucket is unloaded in the section 20-16 by turning the handle 3 with the lifting rope 11 with a corresponding turn of the rocker arm 6 and the bucket 4 to the initial open position and fixing it with the latch lock of the upper stop 14.

[0015] After unloading bucket 4, the working cycle is repeated.

[0016] The advantage of the proposed invention is the simplicity of the proposed solution, which allows it to be implemented with minimal costs on both new and existing equipment and, thus, significantly increase its competitiveness in relation to hydraulic excavators.

Claims

A bucket rotation mechanism for a rope excavator comprising a boom, a handle with a bucket pivotally connected thereto, a rocker arm which is pivotally connected to the handle and a traction rod which is pivotally connected to the bucket at its other end, a traction and lifting drum with a drive and brakes, characterized in that the traction rope, by bending around a block pivotally fixed in the lower part of the handle, is connected to a movable part of the rocker arm, the fixed hinge of which is mounted on the handle at a distance from the bucket rotation hinge, ensuring the value of the rocker arm rotation angle from its upper extreme position to the extreme lower position in the range of 70-80 degrees, wherein the movable part of the rocker arm is simultaneously connected both to the traction rope from below and to the lifting rope from above, and the extreme positions of the rocker arm are limited by stops mounted on the handle and provided with controlled latches.

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