PERFORATOR

Abstract

The utility model relates to the mining and construction industries and can be used for drilling boreholes and holes in any multi-structure rocks, namely, to a perforator, including one that can be part of a self-propelled or stationary drilling rig. The perforator comprises a front section, a damping section, a rear cover, and a drain line configured to collect fluid and direct it back to a hydraulic system formed from two damping chambers, a hydraulic motor configured to transmit torque to a gearbox, which is connected to a shank through bushings and guides that are coaxial with the shank, to which a rock-breaking tool is attached, a striker configured to strike the shank, which transmits the impact to the rock-breaking tool. Increased reliability of the perforator is ensured. 4 clauses, 2 figs.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to the mining and construction industry and can be used for drilling holes and boreholes in any multi-structure rocks, namely to a perforator, including one that can be part of a self-propelled or stationary drilling rig.

[0002] A hammer drill is known according to the Russian Federation patent No. 2223378, published on 10.02.2004, containing a rock-destroying tool, a housing with a rotary mechanism located in it and a double piston-hammer, including the main and auxiliary strikers, an air distribution system, a rotary and end bearing boxes.

[0003] The disadvantage of the device is the instability of the process of applying a “double” strike, since after applying the main strike, jamming occurs.

[0004] Russian Federation Patent Document No. 2659045, published June 27, 2018, is known and can legitimately be considered an analogue. This patent discloses a rotary hammer comprising a housing housing a rotating mechanism and a double hammer, including a primary and secondary striker, an air distribution system, an end box, a drill bit connected to a rod, and a shank mounted at one end on plain bearings in the housing and connected at its output end to the drill bit via a composite drill string made of rods. The rotating mechanism is equipped with a rotation drive including a hydraulic motor and a gearbox. The secondary striker is mounted in an opening in the end box and can move along its longitudinal axis, and the end box is equipped with a permanent magnet. The end box and auxiliary striker are made of ferromagnetic materials, while the shank and main striker are made of non-ferromagnetic materials.

[0005] The disadvantage of this technical solution is its bulkiness, low performance, difficulty in maintenance, and the inability to combine it with other equipment, for example, to install it on modern self-propelled and stationary drilling rigs running on software.

[0006] At the moment, there was a need to implement a more compact and simple design, the production of which does not require specialized machines and specialized tools, accordingly, such a design can be assembled in a regular assembly shop or at the drilling site (large-unit assembly).

[0007] The objective of the proposed device is to develop a reliable hammer drill of relatively small dimensions and to obtain a modern, reliable Russian device that is easy to maintain and, if necessary, repaired directly on the spot.

[0008] The technical result is the implementation of a device with increased reliability.

[0009] The technical result is achieved by a perforator, which consists of a front section, a damping section, and a rear cover. The perforator's drain line is designed to collect fluid and return it to the hydraulic system, which consists of two damping chambers. The hydraulic motor is designed to transmit torque to a gearbox, which is connected to the shank via bushings and guides that are aligned with the drilling tool, to which the rock-breaking tool is attached. The hammer is designed to strike the shank, which transmits the impact to the rock-breaking tool.

[0010] The damping section is designed to direct hydraulic fluid flows into the hydraulic accumulators.

[0011] The rear cover is designed to accommodate the striker during its return stroke.

[0012] The front components have a separate lubrication system.

[0013] All its components have seals designed to prevent water and dirt from entering the mechanisms.

[0014] Fig. 1 and 2 show a hydraulic hammer drill and its main components and parts are marked accordingly, namely:

[0015] 1 - shank;

[0016] 2 - front section;

[0017] 3 - gearbox;

[0018] 4 - striking section;

[0019] 5 - hydraulic accumulator;

[0020] 6 - hydraulic accumulator;

[0021] 7 - back cover;

[0022] 8 - hydraulic motor;

[0023] 9 - total oil output of damper and shock lines;

[0024] 10 - unit for supplying flushing fluid to the drilling tool.

[0025] The hydraulic motor (8), due to the hydraulic pressure supplied to it, transmits the torque to the gearbox (3), which regulates the parameters of this torque, then transmits them to the shank (1), to which the rock-breaking tool is attached. The impact section (4), due to hydraulic pressure, creates an impact in the direction of the axis, through the hammer, which hits the shank, which transmits the impact to the rock-breaking tool. Through the unit for supplying flushing fluid to the drilling tool (10), it supplies a cleaning agent through the shank (1) and the rock-breaking tool to the bottomhole for effective well cleaning. The design of the hydraulic accumulators (5, 6) prevents sudden changes in pressure in the system, thereby reducing wear of the product and extending its service life. The supply unit (11) provides the required hydraulic fluid pressure to all units. The common oil outlet (9) drains the hydraulic fluid after it has performed useful work.The front section (2) guides the shank (1) for more precise positioning and also passes the flushing fluid from the flushing fluid supply unit (10). The rear cover (7) accommodates the hammer during its return stroke.

[0026] The hydraulic motor (8) with stepless rotation and reverse provides high torque and precise speed control in the operation of the device as a whole, as a separate part of the entire hammer drill.

[0027] Separate lubrication of the front head and drive mechanism, as well as pressed, lubricated mating surfaces and side bolts ensure increased productivity and reduced downtime of the entire device.

[0028] The shank (1) receives the impact from the hammer piston and transmits it to the drill rod. The drill can use shanks of different lengths and thread types, providing flexibility in choosing the drilling tool while increasing the reliability of the overall unit.

[0029] The front-end components operating under pressure have a separate lubrication system. This increases the reliability and durability of the drill, reducing downtime. Seals prevent water and dirt from entering the mechanism.

[0030] The bushings and guides ensure precise movement of the shank and maintain its alignment with the drilling tool. The high quality of these components guarantees the reliability and long service life of the entire unit, as well as the drill itself.

[0031] The rotation mechanism provides stepless speed adjustment, which allows you to adapt the drilling mode to specific geological conditions, minimizing the risk of tool damage and increasing the drilling speed.

[0032] An efficient dual-damping hydraulic system and floating adapter ensure high drilling tool performance and efficiency. This system utilizes a constant flow of hydraulic fluid and two damping chambers to effectively absorb impact energy.

[0033] The dual damping mechanism significantly improves reliability, performance, and service life. It consists of two main stages, each with its own function. The first stage actively absorbs excess impact energy generated when the piston strikes the drill bit shank. This system uses hydraulic force to smoothly transfer the impact energy to the drill bit, rather than delivering it as an instantaneous shock. When the piston strikes the shank, some of the energy can be excessive for breaking rock. The damping system absorbs this excess energy, converting it into heat and dissipating it throughout the hydraulic system. This prevents damage to the drill itself, reducing the load on key components such as the piston, cylinder, and body.The second stage is responsible for protecting the drill from kickback, which can occur in two situations: a "blank" kick, when the drilling tool lifts off the face, and the piston strikes a blank, encountering no resistance. This can occur, for example, when drilling through voids in the rock. A kickback occurs when the shock wave reflected from the face returns to the drill.

[0034] The drilling fluid delivery system (10) ensures fast and efficient removal of cuttings, maximizing drilling productivity. The drilling fluid cleans and cools the bit, reducing wear and extending the life of the drill steel. In underground drilling, using water significantly reduces hazardous dust generation, improving working conditions. The system allows operation in a variety of geological conditions, from soft to very hard rock, by simply adjusting the drilling fluid flow.

[0035] The rotary hammer has been tested and proven to be a durable, multifunctional, and modern device. It's reliable and easily repairable in the event of a breakdown or the need for prompt on-site maintenance. The rotary hammer is a versatile tool, capable of operating on both stationary drilling rigs and mobile drilling machines.

Claims

1. A hammer drill consisting of a front section, a damping section and a rear cover, characterized in that it contains a drain line configured to collect liquid and direct it back into a hydraulic system made of two damping chambers, a hydraulic motor configured to transmit torque to a gearbox that is connected to a shank through bushings and guides that are made coaxial with the shank to which a rock-breaking tool is attached, the hammer is configured to strike the shank, which transmits the impact to the rock-breaking tool.

2. The hammer drill according to item 1, characterized in that the damping section is designed with the ability to direct flows of hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic accumulators.

3. A hammer drill according to item 1, characterized in that the rear cover is designed to accommodate the striker during its return stroke.

4. A hammer drill according to item 1, characterized in that the front part units have a separate lubrication system.

5. A hammer drill according to paragraph 1, characterized in that all of its units have seals designed to prevent water and dirt from entering the mechanisms.

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