AEROSANI-AMPHIBIOUS

Abstract

The utility model pertains to the field of transport engineering, specifically to amphibious aerosleds. The technical result consists in increasing the operational safety of the vehicle. This result is achieved due to the fact that the amphibious aerosled comprises a frame, a power plant, two support elements, two cyclic propulsion units mounted in the front part of the vehicle symmetrically relative to its longitudinal axis, the axis of rotation of which is located horizontally and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, configured to create controlled thrust with variable direction. The cyclic propulsion units are located within the dimensions of the vehicle body, and in the rear part of the vehicle there is one retractable steering element in the form of a flat blade, configured to rotate about a vertical axis. 3 Fig.

Description

[0001] Technical field

[0002] The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering, in particular to off-road amphibious vehicles capable of moving both on solid surfaces such as snow and ice, and on water, and can be used for rescue, research and recreational purposes in undeveloped areas.

[0003] Technology Level

[0004] Amphibious vehicles are known to use a wheeled or tracked chassis for land travel and a propeller or waterjet for water travel (e.g., RU 2804560 C1, RU 2758955 C1). A disadvantage of such designs is the use of two independent propulsion systems, which complicates the design, increases weight, and reduces overall reliability.

[0005] Cyclic propulsion devices capable of generating a controlled thrust vector by cyclically varying the blade angle of attack are known. For example, patent RU 2778181 C1 describes a "cyclic propulsion device for an aircraft" designed to generate lift and propulsion. This solution is intended for use in aviation and does not disclose the design of an amphibious vehicle, nor does it address the specific challenges associated with creating a maneuverable and safe amphibious vehicle capable of operating in contact with water and snow.

[0006] Amphibious aerosleds are known under patent RU 2154589 C1. This vehicle comprises a boat-shaped hull and engine-driven coaxial propellers equipped with swashplates for controlling the overall and differential pitch, which allows for varying the thrust vector.

[0007] The closest analogue (prototype) to the proposed solution is an amphibious aerosled with two tractor propellers mounted in the front of the hull (patent RU 2141425 C1). To control thrust and maneuver, a system is used that includes variable propeller pitch, synchronized rotation via shafts and gearboxes, and synchronous rotation of the gearboxes to change the propeller angle of attack.

[0008] The designs according to patents RU 2154589 C1 and RU 2141425 C1 have significant disadvantages that are solved in the claimed utility model:

[0009] Complexity and bulkiness of the propulsion system. The proposed propeller system is extremely complex in terms of mechanics and maintenance, which calls into question its reliability in the harsh operating conditions for which it is designed. Furthermore, to operate effectively, the propellers must have a large diameter, making the entire propulsion system bulky, extending beyond the dimensions of the aerosled's body.

[0010] Increased danger to others. To generate horizontal thrust, the plane of rotation of the propellers must deviate significantly from the horizontal. In this position, the tips of the propeller blades, rotating at high speed, are close to the ground and extend significantly beyond the vehicle's body, posing a serious hazard to people, animals, and surrounding objects.

[0011] Risk of propeller failure upon contact with surrounding objects, water, and snow. Propellers are not designed for contact with dense media. If water, snow, vegetation, and especially large objects enter the propeller's rotational plane, there is a risk of significant damage to the blades.

[0012] The prototype's maneuverability is limited, as control is achieved solely by changing the thrust vector.

[0013] Disclosure of Utility Model

[0014] The task that this utility model is aimed at solving is the creation of an amphibious vehicle that ensures maximum operational safety in various environments and conditions.

[0015] The technical result achieved through the implementation of the utility model consists in increasing the operational safety of the vehicle by placing the propellers within the dimensions of the body, as well as ensuring controllability and emergency braking.

[0016] The specified technical result is achieved in that the amphibious aerosled contains a frame, a power plant and two support elements, in the front part of the vehicle, symmetrically relative to its longitudinal axis, two cyclic propellers are installed, the axis of rotation of which is located horizontally and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, made with the possibility of creating controlled thrust with a variable direction, while the cyclic propellers are located within the dimensions of the vehicle body, and in the aft part of the aerosled, one retractable steering element in the form of a flat blade is installed, with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis.

[0017] Improved operational safety is achieved through the interaction of a comprehensive set of essential features. Replacing the dangerous propeller system with two cyclic thrusters, located strictly within the vehicle's dimensions, reduces the risk of injury to bystanders and thruster failure upon impact with obstacles. The variable thrust vector of the cyclic thrusters allows the aircraft to overcome small obstacles by directing the thrust vector vertically downward. A retractable steering element enables emergency braking.

[0018] Brief description of drawings

[0019] The essence of the utility model is explained by drawings, where:

[0020] Fig. 1 shows a general axonometric view of the amphibious aerosled;

[0021] Fig. 2 - top view, schematically showing the location of the main components;

[0022] Fig. 3 is a side view schematically showing the location of the main components.

[0023] Implementation of a utility model

[0024] The amphibious aerosled (Figs. 1-3) comprises a frame body 1 on which all the main units are mounted. In the front part of the body 1, symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, two cyclic thrusters 2 are installed. These thrusters are devices that generate thrust due to the rotation of several blades around a central axis, with each blade oscillating according to a given law. Each thruster is equipped with a mechanism for synchronous and / or differential change of the thrust vector (not shown), allowing the oscillation parameters of its blades to be changed during rotation. The cyclic thrusters 2 are driven by a power plant 3 located in the rear part of the body. The cabin 4 is located in the middle part of the body.

[0025] Two inflatable runners 5 are used as supporting elements, which provide buoyancy on water and sliding on snow or ice.

[0026] For emergency braking, one retractable steering element 6 is installed in the aft part of the snowmobile, made in the form of a strong flat blade, installed with the ability to rotate around a vertical axis.

[0027] The device operates as follows:

[0028] 1. Forward / reverse movement and braking. For forward movement, the thrust vector F of the cyclic thrusters is directed horizontally backward. For braking or reverse movement, the thrust vector is reversed. Emergency braking is accomplished by rotating the steering element around the vertical axis.

[0029] 2. Maneuvering. Turning is accomplished by creating differential thrust (one cyclic thruster creates more thrust than the other) or by deflecting the thrust vectors of both thrusters in the desired direction, and on water, also by using the steering element.

[0030] 3. Overcoming obstacles. To overcome obstacles, the pilot briefly directs the thrust vector of both cyclic thrusters vertically downward, lifting the front of the aerosled.

[0031] Thus, the claimed design of the amphibious aerosled, which includes two cyclic propellers within the dimensions of the body and a retractable steering element, ensures the achievement of the stated technical result - increasing the operational safety of the vehicle in various environments.

[0032] The prototype of a cyclic propulsion unit for an amphibious aerosled has been implemented and successfully tested by the authors.

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