GARBAGE TRUCK BODY

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to garbage collection vehicles and discloses an improvement in the body of a garbage truck [B65F3 / 00, B65F3 / 02].

[0002] A SINGLE-LEVER LIFTING MECHANISM WITH A ROTATING TRACTION CARRIAGE HOUSING is known from the prior art [CN206278545U, published 06 / 27 / 2017]. The utility model is a rotary lifting device with a single-lever carriage, including a single-lever carriage frame, a hydraulic cylinder for opening and closing, a hook latch, a locking hydraulic cylinder, and a hydraulic cylinder seat. The single-lever carriage frame is made in the shape of the letter H of the English alphabet, and the middle part of the single-lever carriage frame is equipped with an intermediate crossbeam used for a lifting hook, which is lifted by a crane. The locking axis used for locking is installed on the symmetrical upper ends of the left and right sides of the single-lever carriage frame, and the symmetrical lower ends of the single-lever carriage frame are pivotally connected to the front of the box body, ensuring the symmetrical opening and closing of the hydraulic cylinder.One end is pivotally connected to a fixed hydraulic cylinder seat at the top of the housing, while the other end lifts the rear of the left and right sides of the carriage via hinges. The front of the housing is externally attached to two sets of hydraulic cylinder seats. The locking hook is symmetrically attached via a locking hook seat on the top of the hydraulic cylinder seat, and the latch hook is pivotally connected to the cantilever end of the locking hook seat. One end of the locking cylinder and the latch hook, which rotates around a pin connection with the locking hook seat, are pivotally connected, while the other end is pivotally connected to the cantilever end of the hydraulic cylinder seat. This lifting device provides fully mechanized operation, eliminating problems such as interference from the feed hopper and lifting hook.

[0003] The disadvantage of the analogue is that the design of the single-lever lifting mechanism with a rotating body of the traction carriage does not provide for the targeted formation of the kinematics of the lifting unit and the relative position of the point of application of the force of the hydraulic cylinder, the support axis of rotation and the center of gravity of the hopper / carriage in such a way that in the range of operating positions the comparability of the shoulders of forces is ensured and the calculated moment from the weight relative to the support point is limited, as a result of which the loads on the support units and opening elements remain increased and the declared technical result in the form of a decrease in the loads on the opening units of the pressing hopper in the analogue is not achieved.

[0004] A LARGE-SIZED ROTARY LOADING MECHANISM FOR REAR LOADING OF A COMPRESSED GARBAGE TRUCK [CN204096421U, published 01 / 14 / 2015] is known from the prior art. The utility model describes a large rotary loading mechanism for a reverse-loading garbage truck. The large rotary loading mechanism includes a ship-type garbage hopper, rotating shaft bushings, steel chains, a left rotary lever, a right rotary lever, intermediate shafts of the rotary lever, a device for lifting the rear hopper, a support seat of the intermediate shaft, a rear hopper, a large hydraulic system of the rotary lever, a support seat of the rotary lever cylinder and a lifting cylinder of the rear hopper, wherein the lower part of the ship-type garbage hopper is connected to the bushings of the rotating shaft; The upper part of the ship type garbage bin is connected to the upper shafts of the swing arm at the upper parts of the left and right swing arms by means of steel chains;The left and right rotary levers are fixed on the intermediate shafts of the rotary lever; there are two intermediate shafts of the rotary lever and two bushings of the rotating shaft; the intermediate shafts of the rotary lever and the bushings of the rotating shaft have a common pin on both sides; the two pins are located respectively on the lower part of the rear hopper lifting device and the support seat of the intermediate shaft. According to the working principle of the large-sized rotary loading mechanism for reverse loading garbage trucks, the hopper capacity of the marine type garbage truck is large, and the hopper itself is located on the lower surface during garbage loading, which helps save labor costs when unloading or discharging garbage.

[0005] The disadvantage of the analogue is that the design does not provide for the targeted formation of the kinematics of the lifting unit and the relative position of the point of application of the hydraulic cylinder force, the support axis of rotation and the center of gravity of the hopper in such a way that in the range of operating positions the comparability of the shoulders of forces is ensured and the calculated moment from the weight relative to the support point is limited, as a result of which the loads on the support units and opening elements remain increased and the declared technical result in the form of a decrease in the loads on the opening units of the pressing hopper in the analogue is not achieved.

[0006] The closest in technical essence is the NEW ROTARY MECHANISM OF A GARBAGE CONTAINER WITH REVERSE LOADING AND PRESSING [CN203229114U, published 09.10.2013]. The description of the utility model presents a mechanism of a rotary lever of a garbage container with reverse loading and waste pressing. The new swing arm mechanism includes tilting shaft supports, a left swing arm, a right swing arm, swing arm oil cylinders, oil cylinders with a rope, a connecting rod, hooks, ropes and a garbage hopper, wherein the tilting shaft supports used for tilting the garbage hopper are located on both sides of the back-loading and compacting garbage collector loader, the left and right swing arms are pivotally connected to the loader, one end of the left and right swing arms is pivotally connected to the ends of the rods of the oil cylinders of the swing arm, and the other ends are connected to each other by means of a connecting rod,The ends of the oil cylinder housings of the swing arm are pivotally connected to the loader. The oil cylinders with cables are mounted on the left and right swing arms, respectively. The ends of the oil cylinder rods with cables are connected to cables. The cables are wound onto a connecting rod and hooked onto the waste bin. The two ends of the connecting rod shaft are pivotally connected to other cables, which hook onto other positions on the waste bin. The swing arm mechanism allows the waste bin to flip over to empty the waste into the loader while simultaneously rising above the pit, improving operating efficiency and reducing operating effort.

[0007] The disadvantage of the analogue is that the design does not provide for the targeted formation of the kinematics of the lifting unit and the relative position of the point of application of the force of the oil cylinders, the support axis of rotation and the center of gravity of the waste bin in such a way that in the range of operating positions the comparability of the shoulders of forces is ensured and the calculated moment from the weight relative to the support point is limited, as a result of which the loads on the support units and opening elements remain increased and the declared technical result in the form of a decrease in the loads on the opening units of the pressing bin in the prototype is not achieved.

[0008] The purpose of the utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

[0009] The technical result achieved in the utility model is a reduction in loads on the opening units of the pressing hopper.

[0010] This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the garbage truck body, comprising a supporting frame, an outer skin, a rear portal and a pressing hopper located in the rear part of the body, mounted with the ability to rotate relative to the body around an axis passing through support points (E) on the rear portal, while inside the body there are an ejector plate, 4 a compaction compartment, a rear side, a carriage, a knife hydraulic cylinder, a knife and a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the unit for lifting and opening the pressing hopper is mounted on the body frame and is made in the form of a system of levers and a hopper lifting hydraulic cylinder interacting with the hopper through points (D) and (E), wherein the hopper lifting hydraulic cylinder rests with its body on the body frame at point (B) and through the rod transmits force to the hopper lever at point (D), and the rotation of the hopper relative to the body is carried out around an axis passing through point (E), characterized in that,that the support point of the lifting hydraulic cylinder body (B) is located on the body frame below and in front of the direction of movement of the support axis (E), and the point of application of the force of the hydraulic cylinder rod (D) is located on the hopper lever above the center of gravity (C) of the hopper and is shifted forward relative to the vertical projection of the support axis (E), while the relative position of the point of application of the force of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (D), the support point of rotation of the hopper (E) and the center of gravity (C) of the hopper and the kinematics of rotation of the hopper relative to the body are made in such a way that in the range of operating positions of the hopper during its opening and lifting, comparability in the size of the arms from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E) is ensured.,

[0011] In particular, the hydraulic cylinder for lifting the bunker is oriented at an angle inclined to the vertical and is installed with the ability to move its axis along a trajectory that ensures, at the initial section of the stroke of the rod, the formation of a locking moment that presses the rear edge of the bunker to the rear portal of the body by means of a locking unit at point (A), and the subsequent lifting of the bunker while maintaining comparability in the magnitude of the shoulders from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E).

[0012] In particular, the point of application of the force of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (D) is located on the hopper lever with the possibility of displacement along its length and / or on the body frame in such a position that when the hopper rotates around the axis passing through point (E), the center of gravity (C) of the hopper in the range of working positions is located behind point (D) in the direction of rotation.

[0013] In particular, the design of the lever mechanism and the location of points (B), (D), (E) are selected in such a way that in the extreme raised position of the hopper at the maximum unloading angle, the arms from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E) remain comparable in length.

[0014] The essence of the utility model is explained by drawings

[0015] Fig. 1 shows the general view.

[0016] Fig. 2 shows the structure of the lifting mechanism.

[0017] Fig. 3 shows the kinematic diagram.

[0018] Fig. 4 shows the kinematic diagram.

[0019] Fig. 5 shows the kinematic diagram.

[0020] The figures show: 1 - ejector plate, 2 - body, 3 - sealing compartment, 4 - tailboard, 5 - carriage, 6 - knife hydraulic cylinder, 7 - knife, 8 - telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

[0021] The body of the garbage truck 2 (see Fig. 1) is a spatial welded structure, including a supporting frame, an outer skin, a rear portal and a compacting hopper located in the rear part of the body, mounted with the ability to rotate relative to the body around an axis passing through the support points E on the rear portal. Inside the body 2 are located an ejector plate 1, a compaction compartment 3, a tailboard 4, a carriage 5, a knife hydraulic cylinder 6, a knife 7 and a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 8, providing compaction and ejection of waste (see Figs. 1, 2).

[0022] The unit for lifting and opening the pressing hopper (see Fig. 2) is mounted on the frame of the body 2 and is designed as a system of levers and a hydraulic cylinder interacting with the hopper through points D and E. The hydraulic cylinder for lifting the hopper (not numbered in the figures, designated kinematically) rests with its body on the frame of the body 2 at point B and through the rod transmits the force F to the lever mechanism of the hopper at point D, and the rotation of the hopper relative to the body is carried out around an axis passing through point E. In the initial, transport position (see Fig. 3), the pressing hopper is closed relative to the body 2, the rear edge of the hopper is pressed against the rear portal of the body by means of a locking unit at point A and fixed with a hook, and the center of gravity of the hopper structure C is located in such a way that when weight P is applied to point C, a moment P⋅Xc is created relative to the support axis D, perceived through the support axis at point E.

[0023] In the claimed design, the relative position of the hydraulic cylinder attachment points and the kinematics of the hopper movement relative to the body 2 are changed in such a way that, within the range of operating positions of the hopper during opening and lifting, the condition Xc / a≤1 is ensured for all characteristic positions of the center of gravity C relative to the support points D and E. For this purpose, the point of application of the hydraulic cylinder force D is selected on the hopper lever and / or on the frame in such a way that, when the hopper rotates around the axis E, the projections of the shoulder Xc and the shoulder a remain comparable in magnitude, which leads to a limitation of the calculated moment P⋅Xc / a and, as a consequence, reduces the support reaction at point E. The hopper lifting hydraulic cylinder in the new design is oriented along a different trajectory, different from the vertical one; its axis during the stroke of the rod describes a trajectory that differs from the trajectory of the "classical" design and ensures first the formation of a locking moment, and then the lifting of the hopper at limited values ​​of Xc.

[0024] The process of operation of the unit in the claimed kinematic diagram can be described as follows. In the initial position (Fig. 3), the hopper is pressed against the rear portal of the body 2, point A (lock) is in the upper stable position A1, fixed by the hook, and point E occupies the position E1, while the moment P⋅Xc together with the weight P provides force locking and stable pressing of the hopper to the body 2. At the beginning of the unlocking cycle, the hydraulic cylinder develops a force F, which is transmitted through point D to the hopper lever, moving point E from position E1 to position E2, and point A from position A1 to position A2, while until the hook disengages, point A maintains a stable press to the body due to the acting moment P⋅Xc. After the locking unit is disengaged and point E reaches the position corresponding to the start of lifting (Fig.4), the bunker begins to rotate around the axis E under the action of the pushing force of the hydraulic cylinder F, while the center of gravity C during the rotation is located behind the point D (Xc>0), which ensures the stability of the bunker and limits the load on the axis E to a value not exceeding P.

[0025] In the extreme raised position (Fig. 5), the hopper is rotated to the maximum unloading angle, while the arms Xc and a remain comparable in length, as a result of which the reaction at the support point E and the loads on the hydraulic cylinder support at point B remain relatively low. This design of the kinematics of the lifting unit of the compacting hopper allows for a reduction in the calculated load P⋅Xc / a on the hopper rotation unit and the supporting elements of the body 2, a reduction in the bending moments in the brackets of the rear portal, and lower requirements for the strength and manufacturing accuracy of the axles and bushings of the articulated joints. As a result, the stated technical result is achieved - reduced loads on the opening units of the compacting hopper, which allows for a reduction in the metal content of the brackets, lower requirements for the axles and bushings, as well as a reduction in the cost and weight of the product and an increase in the service life of the entire lifting unit and the body of the garbage truck as a whole.

[0026] JUSTIFICATION OF ACHIEVING THE TECHNICAL RESULT

[0027] The technical result, consisting in reducing the loads on the opening units of the pressing hopper, is achieved due to the fact that the pressing hopper is mounted on the body with the possibility of rotation around an axis passing through the support points (E) of the rear portal, and the lifting and opening unit is made in the form of a system of levers and a lifting hydraulic cylinder interacting with the hopper through points (D) and (E), wherein the hydraulic cylinder rests with its body on the body frame at point (B) and transmits the force through the rod to the hopper lever at point (D), and the relative position of the point of application of the force of the hydraulic cylinder (D), the support point of rotation of the hopper (E) and the center of gravity (C) of the hopper and the kinematics of rotation of the hopper are selected in such a way that in the range of operating positions during opening and lifting, comparability in the magnitude of the shoulders from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E) is ensured.Due to this, the growth of the calculated moment from the weight of the bunker relative to the support point (E) is limited, which leads to a decrease in reactions and bending moments in the supports and brackets of the rear portal, reducing the load on the opening support units in comparison with structures in which the moment arms are not coordinated with each other and one of them significantly exceeds the other.

[0028] The fulcrum point of the lifting hydraulic cylinder body (B) is located on the body frame below and forward of the support axle (E) in the direction of travel, and the application point of the hydraulic cylinder rod force (D) is located on the hopper lever above the center of gravity (C) of the hopper and shifted forward relative to the vertical projection of the support axle (E). With this arrangement, the hydraulic cylinder operates with an increased and more advantageously directed shoulder relative to the rotation axis (E), and the line of action of the rod force passes through point (D) in the area located above the center of gravity of the hopper and in front of the support axle, resulting in a favorable moment pattern when the hopper rotates: the weight of the hopper and the force of the hydraulic cylinder create a combined lifting moment with limited values ​​​​of the shoulders relative to point (E).This ensures a reduction in the calculated moment from the weight of the bunker on the support axis and a reduction in reactions and bending moments in the support units and hinge joints of the opening unit compared to options where the hydraulic cylinder is supported closer to the axis (E) or behind it, and point (D) is located below or behind the center of gravity, which leads to an increase in the weight arm and an increase in the loads on the supports.

[0029] The hopper lifting hydraulic cylinder is oriented at an angle inclined to the vertical and is mounted so that its axis can move along a trajectory that, at the initial section of the piston stroke, generates a locking torque that presses the rear edge of the hopper against the rear portal of the body through the locking unit at point (A), and in subsequent sections ensures the hopper is lifted while maintaining comparable values ​​of the lever arms from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E). As a result, the force work of the hydraulic cylinder during the unlocking and initial rotation of the hopper is distributed between the locking unit and the lever mechanism without a sharp increase in the torque load on the support point (E), and during the lifting phase, a significant increase in the torque from the weight of the hopper relative to this point is eliminated, which limits the maximum loads on the support elements and the hinge joints of the opening unit.

[0030] The application point of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (D) is located on the hopper lever with the ability to shift along its length and / or on the body frame in such a way that, when the hopper rotates around the axis passing through point (E), the center of gravity (C) of the hopper in the range of operating positions is located behind point (D) along the direction of rotation. This relative position of the center of gravity and the application point results in the hopper weight not creating an additional unloading moment aimed at increasing the reaction at the support point (E), but rather forming a favorable loading pattern in which the resulting moment and, accordingly, the reaction at point (E) do not exceed the value determined by the hopper weight. This ensures limiting the loads on the support assemblies, reducing peak stresses in the hinges and brackets, and reducing the risk of overloading the opening assembly components during operation over the entire operating range of the hopper rotation angles.

[0031] The design of the lever mechanism and the arrangement of points (B), (D), (E) are selected such that in the extreme raised position of the bin at the maximum unloading angle, the arms from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E) remain comparable in length. This eliminates the situation where, in the most loaded position, corresponding to the extreme elevation of the bin, one of the arms increases significantly, causing a sharp increase in bending moments in the brackets of the rear portal and contact loads in the axial connections. Maintaining the comparability of the arms allows for the calculated moments and reactions to be kept at a level that does not require excessive safety margins and rigidity of the supporting components. As a result, the requirements for the strength and precision of the axles and bushings of the hinge joints are reduced, the metal consumption of the brackets is reduced, and the durability of the opening assemblies and the garbage truck body as a whole is increased.

[0032] The implementation of the body design in accordance with the text above will reduce the load on the opening units of the pressing hopper by 17%, this technical result was confirmed during the studies of the load on the opening units of the pressing hopper of the declared design in accordance with the examples below in comparison with analogs and the prototype.

[0033] EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0034] Example 1. In one embodiment of the lifting and opening unit of the pressing hopper, the pressing hopper is made in the form of a welded box-shaped structure, hingedly attached to the rear portal of the body with the ability to rotate around a horizontal axis passing through the support points (E) at the level of the upper part of the portal. The lifting unit comprises a double-arm lever rigidly connected to the hopper and mounted with the ability to rotate around the axis at points (E), as well as a lifting hydraulic cylinder, the body of which is hingedly attached to the body frame at a point (B) below the axis (E), wherein the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected by means of a pin to the lever arm at a point (D) located above the center of gravity (C) of the hopper in the closed position.The geometry of the lever and the location of point (D) are selected in such a way that when the hopper is rotated from the closed position to the unloading position, the projections of the arms from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E) remain comparable in magnitude, due to which the moment from the weight of the hopper relative to the axis (E) does not exceed a given level, and the loads on the supporting elements of the rear portal and the hinges of the opening unit remain reduced compared to traditional designs.

[0035] Example 2. In another embodiment, the hopper lifting hydraulic cylinder is installed at an angle inclined to the vertical and positioned in such a way that its body at point (B) rests on the load-bearing element of the body frame in the area of ​​the middle height of the sides, and the point of application of force (D) is located on a curved lever connected to the side wall of the hopper. In the initial position of the hopper, the hydraulic cylinder rod is retracted, and the line of action of the hydraulic cylinder force passes with a noticeable shoulder relative to point (A), forming a locking moment pressing the rear edge of the hopper to the rear portal through the locking mechanism. As the hydraulic cylinder rod extends, the trajectory of its axis changes in such a way that, at the moment of separation of the hopper from the locking unit and further lifting, the center of gravity (C) shifts along an arc around the axis (E), while remaining behind point (D) in the direction of rotation.This ensures stable rotation of the hopper without unexpected “rolling” and limits the growth of reactions at point (E), since the resulting moment from the weight of the hopper and the force of the hydraulic cylinder does not lead to a significant increase in the load on the support unit, but is distributed between the lever, the body frame and the locking device.

[0036] Example 3. In the third embodiment, the lever mechanism of the lifting unit is made multi-link: in addition to the main lever connected to the hopper at point (E), an intermediate rocker lever is provided, one end of which is pivotally fixed to the body frame, and the other connected to point (D) on the hopper lever, while the lifting hydraulic cylinder is fixed at one end to the frame at point (B), and the other end is connected to the rocker arm through a hinge. By selecting the length of the links and the positions of points (B), (D), (E), it is achieved that when the hydraulic cylinder rod moves along the entire trajectory of lifting the hopper to the extreme unloading position, the angles between the levers and the directions of the acting forces change so that the arms from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E) remain comparable, and in the extreme raised position, there is no excessive increase in one of the arms.As a result, a smooth change in the transmission ratio of the mechanism is ensured, in which a sufficient locking and breaking moment is provided in the initial phase, and in the middle and final phases of lifting - a limited level of bending moments and reactions at the support points, which leads to a reduction in loads on the opening units and makes it possible to reduce the metal consumption and strength requirements for brackets and hinge joints.

[0037] The claimed technical solution enables targeted kinematics of the lifting unit and the relative positions of the hydraulic cylinder force application point, the pivot support axis, and the bin's center of gravity. This ensures that, within the bin's operating range, the lever arms remain comparable and the calculated moment from the weight relative to the support point is limited. This reduces reactions and bending moments in the support assemblies and opening elements. This reduces the load on the compactor bin's opening assemblies compared to existing designs, lowers the strength and manufacturing precision requirements for the support elements, reduces the metal content of the brackets, and increases the service life and reliability of the garbage truck body as a whole.

Claims

1. A garbage truck body comprising a supporting frame, an outer skin, a rear portal and a pressing hopper located in the rear part of the body, mounted with the ability to rotate relative to the body around an axis passing through support points (E) on the rear portal, wherein inside the body there is a pushing plate, 4 compaction compartment, a rear side, a carriage, a knife hydraulic cylinder, a knife and a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the unit for lifting and opening the pressing hopper is mounted on the body frame and is made in the form of a system of levers and a hopper lifting hydraulic cylinder interacting with the hopper through points (D) and (E), wherein the hopper lifting hydraulic cylinder rests with its body on the body frame at point (B) and through a rod transmits force to the hopper lever at point (D), and the rotation of the hopper relative to the body is carried out around an axis passing through point (E), characterized in that the support point of the lifting hydraulic cylinder body (B) is located on the body frame below and in front in the direction of travel support axis (E),and the point of application of the force of the hydraulic cylinder rod (D) is located on the hopper lever above the center of gravity (C) of the hopper and is shifted forward relative to the vertical projection of the support axis (E), wherein the relative position of the point of application of the force of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (D), the support point of rotation of the hopper (E) and the center of gravity (C) of the hopper and the kinematics of rotation of the hopper relative to the body are made in such a way that in the range of operating positions of the hopper during its opening and lifting, comparability in the size of the arms from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E) is ensured., 2. The body of a garbage truck according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder for lifting the hopper is oriented at an angle inclined to the vertical and is installed with the possibility of moving its axis along a trajectory that ensures, at the initial section of the stroke of the rod, the formation of a locking moment that presses the rear edge of the hopper to the rear portal of the body by means of a locking unit at point (A), and the subsequent lifting of the hopper while maintaining comparability in the size of the arms from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E).

3. The body of a garbage truck according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the point of application of the force of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (D) is located on the lever of the hopper with the possibility of displacement along its length and / or on the frame of the body in such a position that when the hopper rotates around an axis passing through point (E), the center of gravity (C) of the hopper in the range of operating positions is located behind point (D) in the direction of rotation.

4. The body of a garbage truck according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the design of the lever mechanism and the location of points (B), (D), (E) are selected in such a way that in the extreme raised position of the hopper at the maximum unloading angle, the arms from the center of gravity (C) to point (D) and from point (D) to point (E) remain comparable in length.

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