Self-loading firearms

Abstract

This utility model relates to weapons technology, specifically to a self-loading firearm with a longitudinally sliding bolt. The self-loading firearm comprises a receiver, a longitudinally sliding bolt, and a spring-loaded latch for securing the bolt in its forwardmost position. The latch is mounted in a recess in the bolt and in a slot in the receiver, movable and displaceable during bolt operation. The latch is a rod with a longitudinal recess and secured in the bolt by a pin. The pin is mounted in the longitudinal recess, facilitating movement of the latch along its axis. The technical result is an expanded arsenal of technical means. 4 clauses, 2 figs.

Description

[0001] Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

[0002] The utility model relates to weapons technology, in particular to self-loading firearms with a longitudinally sliding bolt.

[0003] Technology Level

[0004] When designing a bolt-action self-loading firearm, one of the most important tasks is effectively locking the bolt during firing. If a gap develops between the bolt cup and the breech face of the barrel, some of the propellant gases generated during firing will escape through the gap, which can lead to casing rupture, injury to the user, and jamming of the weapon.

[0005] The Saiga-9 self-loading hunting carbine is known from the prior art (review of the Saiga-9 ver. 02, published on August 25, 2022 https: / / www.huntworld.ru / blog / sayga-9-isp-02-polnyy-obzor / ?ysclid=misl2qrgeq948090419), comprising a receiver and a longitudinally sliding bolt. The bolt interacts with the hammer through a disconnector.

[0006] In the known weapon, the problem of preventing a shot from being fired when the bolt is open is solved by ensuring that a shot is fired only after the bolt reaches its full forward position. In the full forward position, the bolt acts on the disconnector lever, which activates the hammer.

[0007] A drawback of this weapon is the potential for the bolt to bounce back during rapid firing due to inertia. This causes some of the propellant gases generated during firing to escape through the open bolt, reducing the user's safety.

[0008] The prototype is a self-loading firearm (patent for invention CZ 309612, IPC F41A3 / 30, published May 17, 2023), comprising a receiver, a longitudinally sliding bolt, and a spring-loaded bolt lock. The bolt lock is mounted on an axis in a recess in the bolt and in a receiver housing, allowing movement and release from the housing during bolt operation. The lock is provided with a stop with an angle matching the angle of the receiver housing.

[0009] The disadvantage of the known device is the complexity of the design, in which:

[0010] - the retainer has a complex shaped contour;

[0011] - the retainer includes elements, namely, a seat for the spring, a hole for the axis, a stop, the positioning of which relative to each other and the mating elements of the weapon design requires high precision;

[0012] - It is necessary to maintain high precision when setting the angle of the stop and the angle of the receiver socket to ensure that there is no gap between the bolt cup and the breech face of the barrel.

[0013] Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

[0014] The objective of the utility model is to expand the arsenal of technical means.

[0015] The technical result consists in simplifying the design of the weapon by using structural elements of simple shape without placing high demands on the accuracy of their manufacture and positioning.

[0016] The problem is solved by a self-loading firearm comprising a receiver, a longitudinally sliding bolt, and a spring-loaded bolt locking device installed in a recess in the bolt and in a receiver housing capable of moving in and out of the housing during bolt operation. According to the invention, the locking device is designed as a rod with a longitudinal recess and is secured in the bolt by a pin installed in the longitudinal recess, allowing for movement of the locking device along its axis. The recess in the locking device may be designed as a groove. The pin may be installed in the recess perpendicular to the axis of the locking device. The housing may have a concave surface. The front portion of the locking device may be designed as a spherical segment.

[0017] Brief description of drawings

[0018] The essence of the utility model is explained by drawings, which depict:

[0019] Fig. 1 - longitudinal section of the weapon at the location of the lock of the extreme forward position of the bolt when the bolt is closed;

[0020] Fig. 2 - cross-section of the weapon at the location of the lock of the extreme forward position of the bolt when the bolt is closed.

[0021] Implementation of a utility model

[0022] Item Description:

[0023] 1 - receiver;

[0024] 2 - shutter;

[0025] 3 - retainer;

[0026] 4 - shutter recess;

[0027] 5 - receiver socket;

[0028] 6 - ​​Retainer recess;

[0029] 7 - spring;

[0030] 8 - pin.

[0031] A self-loading firearm comprises a receiver 1, a bolt 2, and a spring-loaded latch 3 for the extreme forward position of the bolt (Fig. 1, 2). A recess 4 is made in the bolt 2. A socket 5 is made in the receiver 1. A longitudinal notch 6 is made in the latch 3. A spring 7 and a latch 3 are successively placed in the recess 4 of the bolt. The latch 3 is secured in the recess 4 of the bolt by means of a pin 8. In this case, the pin 8 is installed in the longitudinal recess 6 of the latch with the possibility of ensuring the movement of the latch 3 along its axis. The front part of the latch 3 protrudes beyond the dimensions of the bolt 2. When the bolt 2 is closed, the front part of the latch 3 is placed in the socket 5 of the receiver. During the operation of the bolt 2, the lock 3 moves along its axis, comes out of the socket 5 and moves together with the bolt 2, interacting with the receiver 1.To ensure the possibility of release of the lock 3 from the socket 5 of the receiver during the operation of the bolt 2, the socket 5 is made to smoothly increase in depth in the direction of movement of the bolt 2 to the extreme forward position.

[0032] Figures 1 and 2 show an embodiment of the claimed utility model, in which the latch 3 is designed as a cylindrical rod. The front portion of the latch 3, facing the receiver socket 5, is designed as a spherical segment. The socket 5 has a concave surface. The longitudinal recess 6 is designed as a longitudinal groove. A pin 8 is installed in the longitudinal groove perpendicular to the axis of the latch 3.

[0033] In addition to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in the claimed utility model, the retainer 3 may be designed as a prism of any cross-sectional shape. The front portion of the retainer 3 may be designed, for example, as a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid. The surface shape of the receiver seat 5 may be designed as a truncated cone or pyramid. The recess 6 of the retainer may be designed as a through or blind hole. The choice of the type and shape of the aforementioned elements depends on the design features of a particular weapon and the technological capabilities of production.

[0034] The simple rod-shaped design of the clamp 3 simplifies the design and allows for the use of standard parts without the need for complex operations requiring highly skilled workers. The simple design also increases the reliability of the structure, as the uniform distribution of the supported load significantly reduces the risk of damage and / or fracture.

[0035] The fastening of the retainer 3 with the pin 8 made it possible to effectively fix the retainer 3 in the bolt 2 by using a standard part with a simple shape.

[0036] The creation of a longitudinal recess 6 in the lock 3 allowed the lock 3, secured with the help of a pin 8, to ensure the possibility of movement along its axis for self-installation in the socket 5 of the receiver in order to block the displacement of the bolt 2 in both directions, eliminating the formation of a gap between the cup of the bolt 2 and the breech face of the barrel and guaranteeing the safety of the user when operating the declared weapon.

[0037] Furthermore, due to the fact that spring-loaded latch 3 disengages from housing 5 and interacts with receiver 1 during bolt action, the movement of bolt 2 after firing is slowed. As a result, the opening of bolt 2 at the moment the bullet (not shown) leaves the barrel (not shown) is delayed, preventing the destruction of the cartridge case by propellant gases and further ensuring safety when using this weapon. The delayed opening of bolt 2 after firing also increases the propellant gas pressure acting on the bullet, thereby increasing its velocity.

[0038] The claimed utility model operates as follows.

[0039] After the trigger (not shown) is activated, the shot is fired. The propellant gases act on the bottom of the cartridge case (not shown). The cartridge case moves rearward along with the bolt 2. The latch 3 moves with the bolt 2. Before leaving the housing 5, the latch 3 performs a complex movement: in the direction of the bolt 2 and along its axis, compressing the spring 7. After leaving the housing 5, the latch 3, moving with the bolt 2, interacts with the receiver 1, slowing the movement of the bolt 2. Therefore, the opening of the bolt 2 after the shot occurs with a delay, which prevents possible destruction of the cartridge case. Having reached the extreme rearward position, the bolt 2 returns. When the bolt 2 approaches the extreme forward position, the lock 3, performing a complex movement, plunges into the socket 5 and stops at the maximum depth corresponding to the position of the bolt 2 in the closed position.Spring 7 acts on lock 3, holding it in this position, preventing displacement of bolt 2 and formation of a gap between the bolt cup 2 and the breech face of the barrel (not shown).

[0040] When a force is applied to the bolt 2 that is capable of opening the bolt 2 (for example, when the bolt 2 rolls back under the action of inertial forces during rapid shooting), the lock 3 tends to rise along the wall of the socket 5. But due to the action of the spring 7 and the design of the socket 5 to smoothly increase in depth, the lock 3 remains in the position corresponding to the extreme forward position of the bolt 2.

[0041] The claimed utility model makes it possible to create a weapon of simple design that is safe for the user, in which, due to the arrangement of structural elements of a simple shape, a stable position of the bolt in the extreme forward position is ensured, which guarantees effective locking of the bolt and prevents rupture of the cartridge case, injury to the user, and jamming of the weapon during firing.

Claims

1. A self-loading firearm comprising a receiver, a longitudinally sliding bolt, a spring-loaded lock for the extreme forward position of the bolt, installed in a recess in the bolt and in a socket in the receiver with the ability to move and exit from the socket when the bolt is operating, characterized in that the lock is made in the form of a rod with a longitudinal recess and is secured in the bolt by means of a pin installed in the longitudinal recess with the ability to ensure movement of the lock along its axis.

2. The weapon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the recess of the lock is made in the form of a groove.

3. The weapon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the pin is installed in the recess perpendicular to the axis of the lock.

4. The weapon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the socket has a concave surface.

5. The weapon according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the front part of the retainer is made in the form of a spherical segment.

Images