SHATTERPROOF CURTAIN

Abstract

This utility model relates to a protective anti-shatter curtain for glazed window openings. The anti-shatter curtain is suspended indoors near the window opening, with a ballistic package covering the window glazing. The ballistic package is made of multilayer ballistic fabric. The ballistic package is located within a shock-absorbing frame attached to the wall, and the support rods of the ballistic package are constantly pressed against the movable guides of the shock-absorbing frame. Alternatively, the ballistic package can be made of UHMWPE fabric.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to a protective anti-shatter curtain for glazed window openings and other openings in enclosing structures.

[0002] The utility model is intended for use in residential, commercial and industrial buildings, protective structures, as well as in high-security facilities (schools, medical and childcare facilities, cinemas, shopping centers, airports, etc.).

[0003] This utility model relates to protection against external explosive impacts, such as shock waves, thermal radiation, glass fragments, and other damaging elements, and can be used to protect people and property inside buildings. The destruction of glass windows and flying glass fragments, shock waves, and thermal effects caused by external explosions pose a significant threat to people and property inside buildings.

[0004] During a blast wave, a standard single-pane window, due to its low strength, will shatter immediately upon a minor impact or from an air wave, especially an explosive one. However, it's difficult to predict in advance the strength of the blast wave and how the glass unit will perform.

[0005] It should be noted that experiments to measure the kinetic energy of glass fragments, to study the fragments in terms of their shape, as well as what portion of the fragments fly outward, towards the destroyed glazing - this has not yet been studied at a scientific level.

[0006] Due to the lack of a standard methodology for assessing the protective properties of window anti-fragmentation curtains, it is not possible to reliably assess the dynamic properties of glass fragments under the influence of a real explosive shock wave, based on full-scale tests, and the information provided in open sources on the speed of dispersion of glass fragments (1000-1500 m / s) is approximated by the dispersion of shell fragments and cannot be accepted for calculating the characteristics of protective anti-fragmentation curtains.

[0007] Information on the velocity and range of glass fragments is crucial in determining damage. Based on experimental data, the velocity of glass fragments during typical factory explosions can be estimated at 20+7 m / s. Experiments also suggest that the mass of glass fragments after an explosion does not exceed 100 g.

[0008] These data were obtained during the investigation of numerous accidents at explosive industries and are largely consistent with the destruction of glazing from a blast wave during the explosion of warheads at a distance from buildings.

[0009] Technique level.

[0010] A prior art design known as the "Roman" or "Venetian" blind has long been used to protect rooms from sunlight. These blinds offer a number of operational advantages, but are not intended to protect rooms from glass fragments or shock waves.

[0011] A similar design is described in US Patent No. 1,752,610 A (application No. 322,419 A, filed January 28, 1928, by Henry K. Meyer). This design does not meet the requirements for anti-fragmentation protection, as it lacks the ability to combine multiple curtain panels into a ballistic package, nor is it resistant to transverse deflection under the influence of a shock wave.

[0012] Another curtain design is described in US Patent Description US3 777800 A (Application US 00214015 A, December 30, 1971, by Yakov Susoev). In this design, flat slats located in the folds of the fabric and dividing it into transverse horizontal pockets cannot act as a fastening element for the assembly of layers or support transverse loads due to spatial instability.

[0013] In US Patent No. 4907635 A, Application US07 / 252366, dated December 31, 1986, "Roll-up Window Shade," by Hans-Joachim Bunger and Bernhard Kuttenkeuler, the transverse reinforcements of the curtain fabric consist of bundles of weft threads held together vertically by fabric tapes. This design is unable to withstand frontal impact loads and absorb the kinetic energy of a blast wave, as it lacks stiffening ribs to prevent deformation of the curtain fabric, nor does it have additional damping elements.

[0014] The same disadvantages can be seen in the patent US 4921032 A "Roman blind", author David A. May, applicant APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY Corporation, Vermont, Application US 07 / 278 786 dated 02.12.1988, publication 02.12.2008.

[0015] A Roman shade that hangs flat when lowered, but forms a series of clearly defined folds, equally spaced vertically, that cascade down one after the other when raised. Along each fold are multiple horizontal connecting elements, such as rings or loops, through which pass cables used to raise the shade. Each cable is secured at one end to the bottom edge of the shade. Between adjacent pairs of vertically arranged connecting elements are spacers, and through each spacer passes a corresponding cable.

[0016] The stated curtain cannot meet the requirements for protection against glass fragments and blast shock waves, as the spacers cannot serve as stiffeners and prevent deformation of the curtain fabric. Furthermore, the spacers do not allow for the maximum reduction in the vertical dimension of the curtain fabric when the curtain is raised.

[0017] The closest in design form is US patent US 5649583 A. Author - Peyson Hsu, Changhua Hsien, Taiwan, priority from 04 / 29 / 1996 (Window curtain in the form of a waterfall).

[0018] In the proposed design, a waterfall window curtain comprising a rectangular base fabric for window curtains and a second layer of fabric attached to the outer side of the base fabric for window curtains, wherein the second layer of fabric is attached to the base fabric at vertical intervals to form a plurality of hanging sections in front of said base fabric, wherein the base fabric and the second layer of fabric are connected together at each vertical interval by at least one wooden strip, wherein said at least one wooden strip is placed behind the base fabric and secured on the outer side.

[0019] This creates a multi-layer curtain panel, divided into transverse cells with stiffening ribs along the horizontal boundaries, binding the layers together into a single panel and preventing lateral bending under frontal pressure. The wooden strips holding the panels together have through-holes at the ends for the passage of a tension cord.

[0020] Such a curtain, even made from ballistic layers of fabric, cannot perform the function of anti-fragmentation protection, since it does not contain additional structural reinforcing and damping elements that allow the layers of fabric to effectively absorb the energy of penetrating fragments.

[0021] The solutions incorporated in the patented designs of armor panels designed to protect against penetrating elements can also be used to create anti-fragmentation curtains.

[0022] Invention patent RU 2098739 C1 "Protective structure", authors D.K. Shvaikov, Yu.G. Ivliev, published 1997.12.10, a protective structure is proposed, containing layers of dissimilar synthetic fabrics arranged one after the other, the front layers of which are made of threads based on high-modulus polyamide fibers of the SVM type, and the back layers are made of polyamide fibers, characterized in that the high-modulus polyamide fibers have a tensile strength of at least 2000 mN / m 2 and a relative elongation at break of at least 1%, and polyamide fibers have a tensile strength of at least 600 mN / m 2 with a relative elongation at break of at least 10%, while the ratio of the front and back layers of fabric is within 2 / 1 by weight.

[0023] The rationale behind this decision is that, during the initial stages of interaction, due to high loading rates and high inertial resistance, the face fabric layers do not have time to flex sufficiently to absorb a significant amount of energy, i.e., they fail without developing significant deformation. Therefore, for these face layers, the more important property is not ductility, but strength, which is possessed by high-modulus polyamide fibers.

[0024] As the velocity of the projectiles decreases, the deflection of the barrier increases, with concentric surfaces forming in front of the projectile that replicate its frontal surface. The radius of curvature (and, accordingly, the surface area) of the woven layers involved in the interaction process increases as they approach the rear surface of the barrier. At the same time, the loads are also distributed over a larger area, and their intensity (stress) decreases. Taking this interaction feature into account, less durable but more elastic polyamide fibers, which provide dynamic impact damping, prove effective for the rear layers. Moreover, the dissipation of energy at the interface of dissimilar materials with different densities (1.4 g / cm 3 facial and 1.1 g / cm 3 back) and elastic modulus, as well as high compressibility of fabrics made of polyamide fibers.

[0025] Thus, it has been shown that the maximum effectiveness against fragment penetration is demonstrated by a ballistic package of dissimilar fabrics made of UHMWPE and aramid fabric, in which the face layers made of UHMWPE and the back layers made of aramid fibers are in a 2 / 1 ratio by weight.

[0026] The principle of the arrangement of the layers of the ballistic package in the described design of the protective structure can be used to create a more effective anti-fragmentation curtain, provided that part of the absorbed kinetic energy of the fragments is redirected to the supporting structure of the building, which, in addition to the curtain, requires the use of a shock-absorbing frame.

[0027] The Russian Federation patent for utility model RU 236555 U1 "Anti-shatter protective curtain for window openings", IPC F41H1 / 02, application 2025111561, dated 05.05.2025, author Roman Aleksandrovich Karpenko, patent holder GEKATA-77 LLC, was selected as a prototype of the utility model. It describes an anti-shatter protective curtain for window openings, characterized in that it is a cloth suspended and secured above a window opening with glazing with an overlap of the window glazing over its area, while the cloth is made of five layers of aramid fabrics loosely laid on top of each other, which are stitched over the laying area with an aramid thread with a strength exceeding the strength of the threads of the aramid fabric of each layer, with the formation of a mesh stitching pattern.

[0028] The drawing accompanying the patent depicts the anti-shatter curtain in the form of a "Roman blind" without disclosing the design details and the ability to absorb impact.

[0029] The disadvantage of the known utility model is:

[0030] 1. Relatively high labor intensity of production, due to the simultaneous stitching of layers of a protective bag made of aramid fabric with aramid thread.

[0031] 2. The need to use specialized expensive and capricious sewing equipment, as well as highly skilled workers.

[0032] 3. The elastic deformation potential of aramid fabric under impact is not fully utilized.

[0033] 4. There are no additional elements to cushion the kinetic energy of the blast wave.

[0034] 5. Stitching the fabric with aramid thread does not prevent deformation of the cell shape when they bend under the action of a shock wave in a direction perpendicular to the seam in the plane of the fabric.

[0035] However, the principle of increasing the effectiveness of anti-fragmentation protection, which consists in dividing the canvases of the ballistic package into cells with fixed boundaries, leading to an increase in the degree of deformation of the ballistic fabric upon penetration of fragments, can be used to create a more effective anti-fragmentation curtain, provided that part of the absorbed kinetic energy of the fragments is redirected to the supporting structure of the building, which, in addition to the curtain, requires the use of a shock-absorbing frame.

[0036] A distinctive feature of shatterproof curtains used to protect against window shards is that they are large and cover the window opening. They are either suspended at one end (like curtains) or are made as a frame inserted into the window opening with the curtain stretched across it (requiring securing around the perimeter of the window frame). The latter option requires a secure attachment to the supporting structure, as a high-impact impact can tear out the frame's fastenings, sending the curtain and glass shards flying into the room. The first option is also not without its drawbacks, as the energy of a shock wave can instantly pull or bend the curtain itself inward at a critical moment, causing injury to those behind it.Since the curtain has no support on its back, when secured this way, it absorbs some of the impact energy and only partially absorbs a small portion of it through its one-time deflection into the room. This deflection, however, allows glass fragments to pass freely beneath the curtain, posing a risk of injury.

[0037] There is also a third, more reliable option for securing the canvas using a shock-absorbing frame, which absorbs part of the impact load due to movable elastic elements and redirects most of the energy to the supporting wall structure, which in any case must withstand the pressure of the blast wave.

[0038] Considering the physical processes that accompany the scattering of glass fragments, an effective protective device is needed that minimizes the consequences of external explosions and destruction, is easily installed near window openings, and does not require significant changes to the structural design of the window opening and the window itself.

[0039] Disclosure of the essence of the utility model.

[0040] The proposed utility model is aimed at achieving a technical result consisting in ensuring the possibility of maximum possible dissipation of the energy of a shock blast wave and reducing the likelihood of glass fragments penetrating into a room equipped with windows by absorbing most of the impact load on the curtain by a shock-absorbing frame attached to the enclosing structure.

[0041] The specified technical result is achieved in that the proposed anti-shatter protective curtain for window openings is made in the form of a multi-layer fabric suspended next to the window opening, forming a ballistic package with an overlap of the window glazing over its area, while the ballistic package is located inside a shock-absorbing frame attached to the wall with the window opening, and the support rods of the ballistic package are constantly pressed against the movable guides of the shock-absorbing frame.

[0042] As a basic design option, the ballistic package can be made from UHMWPE fabrics.

[0043] The design features necessary to achieve the stated goal are selected for the following reasons.

[0044] To ensure the curtain's effective protective function, it's necessary to ensure that the energy generated by the absorbed shock wave impact is expended not only on friction between the layers of the ballistic fabric, but also on the automatic lifting of the entire fabric, weighted by support rods. Transverse compression of the curtain is eliminated by multiple fastenings of the ballistic fabric to the support rods.

[0045] Unlike the prototype, the web is fastened using non-deformable support rods located at vertical intervals, which prevent the web from being compressed in the horizontal direction, which prevents deformation of the web shape under the action of a shock wave.

[0046] An additional factor compensating for the kinetic energy of fragments and the shock wave is the elastic action of the spring clips, which expand when the shock wave pressure acts on the ballistic package web by pulling the web and support rods in the direction of the shock wave. The work performed by the expansion of the elastic spring clips, as well as by the movement of the layers in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the web, dampens part of the shock wave's kinetic energy. An additional rod, connecting all the spring clips associated with each support rod and attached to it at the edges using elliptical rings, prevents the spring clips from slipping off the folds of the ballistic package layers surrounding the support rod and prevents critical deflection of the support rod in the direction of the shock wave. The support rods themselves are constantly pressed at their ends into the movable guides of the shock-absorbing frame.

[0047] When the curtain deflects in the cells between the support rods in the direction of the shock wave, the distance between the support rods decreases under the action of forces acting tangentially to the curtain's arc (Physics Textbook for Grade 10, Section: Statics). This involves lifting both the weight of the curtain itself and the support rods, along with additional rods weighted by reinforcing inserts. The greater the total weight of the curtain and the more it contracts in vertical dimension, the greater the work performed, which removes some of the kinetic energy from the shock wave and moving fragments.

[0048] When the support rods slide along the movable guides of the shock-absorbing frame, work is done to overcome the frictional force of the support rods on the guides at a distance equivalent to the vertical movement of each support rod along the guides, which makes the greatest contribution to compensating for the kinetic energy of the shock wave, since the force pressing the rods to the guides is very large due to the load applied to the curtain by the shock wave, and the frictional force, together with the weight of the ballistic package web, is directed towards the movement of the guide rods.

[0049] To prevent the curtain from opening a gap beneath for fragments to penetrate when it rises under the pressure of a shock wave, the vertical dimension of the ballistic package must exceed the vertical dimension of the window opening by at least 30%. This is determined by the change in the vector of the tangential forces pulling the support rod from the ballistic curtain when the distance between the support rods is reduced by 30%. This change in the direction of the force vector is determined by the shape of the spring clips and occurs at the end of the shock wave front, when the direction of the tangential force vector approaches the direction of the main force of the shock wave.

[0050] The spring clip stops releasing and begins to return to its original state, and the cell web straightens under the weight of the support rods and begins to correspond to its original state.

[0051] When a shock-absorbing frame is used in a shatterproof curtain, the majority of the shock wave's kinetic energy is absorbed by the movement of the sliding guides in the direction of the shock wave vector under the force transmitted to the sliding guides by the support rods. This movement is resisted by sets of tension / compression springs connecting the ends of each sliding guide to the ends of the shock-absorbing frame's load-bearing box rods. The combined force of these spring sets, as the sliding guides move inward, is transferred to the load-bearing box rods of the shock-absorbing frame, which are connected to the wall containing the window opening using anchor bolts.The spring strength characteristics are selected depending on the size of the window opening (the width of the ballistic package) and the design of the shock-absorbing frame, but in any case they must ensure the optimal length of movement of the ballistic package into the room to dampen the kinetic energy of the blast wave, as well as a smooth, shock-free stop of this movement.

[0052] The ballistic package, mounted on a shock-absorbing frame in the proposed utility model, functions as a curtain. Accordingly, the multilayer ballistic package of such a curtain, for ease of use, should not weigh more than 8.0-12 kg.

[0053] For indoor shatterproof curtains for windows 1100 mm to 1600 mm wide, UHMWPE fabrics are preferable because they are available in rolls up to 1600 mm wide and do not require extension. The cost of UHMWPE fabrics is significantly lower than that of aramid fabrics, which is also essential for their widespread use in shatterproof curtains.

[0054] The choice of the number of ballistic package panels is determined by the tests carried out for anti-fragmentation resistance.

[0055] The studies were conducted using an accessible methodology (GOST R 55623-2013) for assessing the protective properties of bulletproof vests.

[0056] Tests of twenty-two-layer and sixteen-layer UHMWPE bags, commissioned by PC KITA LLC, have proven their shatterproofness.

[0057] Tests were conducted at JSC TsNIITOCHMASH, Podolsk, in the ballistic testing department (GIS RF), test date was 21.11.2025, customer: PC KITA LLC.

[0058] Test protocol of technical protective equipment No. 2 / 021225 dated 12 / 2 / 2025.

[0059] Test object name:

[0060] Sample No. 3 - 22 layers of UHMWPE UD240M-S with a density of 240 g / m 2

[0061] Sample No. 5-16 layers of UHMWPE UD240M-S with a density of 240 g / m 2

[0062] From the bulletproof resistance test report No. 2 / 021225 dated 12 / 92 / 2025:

[0063]

[0064] Ballistic tests of multilayer panels were conducted to determine the ballistic limit (V50) in accordance with GOST R 55623-2013 Body armor. Test methods.

[0065] Tests for anti-fragmentation resistance to the impact of cartridges with dummy fragments (balls) were carried out under normal conditions (Temperature on the shooting range -17°C, air humidity 54%, pressure 749 mm Hg), with a measurement of the V velocity ударнойat a distance of 0.75 meters from the surface of the test specimens mounted on the stand. The test results indicate that 16 layers of UD240M-S UHMWPE with a density of 240 g / m2 are sufficient for the anti-shatter curtain. 2 .

[0066] The test results showed a linear relationship between fragmentation resistance (the number of unpenetrated layers in the package) and the total number of layers in the ballistic package. Comparing the ratio V 50% непроб , for packages of 22 layers and 16 layers of UHMWPE, 682.6 / 592.5, equal to 1.15, and the ratio of unpierced layers in the same packages 15 / 13, also equal to 1.15, it can be concluded that in the same proportion it is possible with a high degree of certainty to predictably either reduce or increase the resistance to fragment penetration through a ballistic package.

[0067] All the above-mentioned advantages of the proposed utility model, equipped with a shock-absorbing frame that increases the absorption and dissipation of the kinetic energy of glass fragments and shock waves, serve as an addition to the level of anti-fragmentation resistance of the UHMWPE ballistic package proven during testing.

[0068] Implementation of a utility model.

[0069] The subject of this utility model is a fragmentation curtain design consisting of a multilayer ballistic fabric-based ballistic package, divided into horizontal rows of cells by support rods positioned transversely to the ballistic fabric and constantly pressed against the movable guides of the shock-absorbing frame by spring packs. The ballistic fabric itself is pressed against the support rods by spring clips.

[0070] The shock-absorbing frame absorbs most of the kinetic energy of the blast wave and shrapnel due to the friction of the support rods against the frame's sliding guides, as well as the resistance of a combination of tension-compression springs that prevent the sliding guides from abruptly moving inward. Furthermore, the sliding guides of the shock-absorbing frame allow the weighted fabric to change its vertical dimension under the impact of the shock wave, which also absorbs some of its kinetic energy due to the work performed as the support rods move along the sliding guides, the friction force of the support rods against the guides, and the force due to the weight of the ballistic package itself, including the weight of the ballistic fabric panels, the weight of the support rods reinforced with reinforcing inserts, and the weight of additional rods with spring clips and reinforcing inserts.

[0071] This shade can be easily raised to the top of the frame (window opening) or lowered to completely cover the window opening. Pulling the end of the control cord all the way opens the window opening, and the cord attaches to one of the sliding guides.

[0072] The combination of physical mechanisms for absorbing the kinetic energy of fragments and blast waves, incorporated into the anti-fragmentation curtain design, including energy losses due to friction between the support rods and the sliding guides, energy losses due to the release of multiple spring clips, and the expansion / compression of spring packs holding the sliding guides of the shock-absorbing frame, ensures the maximum possible loss of the kinetic energy of the blast wave and fragments. This combination effectively protects people and property from the destructive effects of external explosions without requiring changes to the building's architecture.

[0073] The shock-absorbing frame redirects part of the impact load to the supporting structure by rigidly attaching the frame's power box rods, to which spring packs are attached to absorb the dynamic load. The frame is easily installed opposite window openings and requires no significant modifications to the window opening or the window itself.

[0074] Increasing the anti-fragmentation resistance by increasing the number of UHMWPE layers in the ballistic package is possible and necessary when using anti-fragmentation curtains in children's and medical institutions, airports, shopping centers, etc. Such an increase is not associated with altering the design of the curtain and the shock-absorbing frame, but only requires the installation of additional UHMWPE layers and short-term dismantling / re-installation of spring clips, which is facilitated by the presence of additional rods combining the spring clips on each support rod into a single block;

[0075] Brief description of drawings.

[0076] Fig. 1 - Front view from the room side of the shatterproof curtain in the half-open position.

[0077] Fig. 2 - Front view of the curtain (shock-absorbing frame not shown).

[0078] Fig. 3 - Section view A-A (Fig. 1) with the curtain raised. The horizontal rows of cells of the ballistic package are gathered into folds.

[0079] Fig. 4 - View of section A-A (Fig. 1) with the curtain lowered during the action of the shock wave.

[0080] Fig. 5 - View B (Fig. 1) of the anti-shatter curtain structure rotated 180°, showing the attachment of the shock-absorbing frame to the supporting structure.

[0081] Fig. 6 - Section B-B (Fig. 1), view of the curtain fragment in a freely hanging, lowered state.

[0082] Fig. 7 - Section B-B (Fig. 1), view of the curtain fragment at the onset of shock wave impact. Diagram of the impact of the resulting shock wave force on the surface of the ballistic package.

[0083] Fig. 8 - Section B-B (Fig. 1), view of the curtain fragment in the state of maximum impact of the shock wave.

[0084] Fig. 9 - Section G-G (Fig. 5). The place of attachment of the upper support rod and additional rod to the movable guide of the shock-absorbing frame.

[0085] Description of variants for implementing the utility model

[0086] The proposed utility model can be implemented in several variants, differing in the dimensions of the window opening to be protected. The drawings and detailed description below present preferred embodiments of the utility model. For ease of description, the shatterproof window shade embodying this utility model is described in its standard semi-assembled, assembled, and lowered configurations, as shown in the accompanying drawings. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "longitudinal," "transverse," etc., may be used throughout this description to refer to these configurations.

[0087] The proposed anti-shatter curtain for window openings in the basic version, shown in Fig. 1, is made in the form of a multi-layer ballistic package 1, attached to the movable guides of the shock-absorbing frame 2 through holes in the upper support rod 3 using screws 50 (Fig. 2). The anti-shatter curtain, including the multi-layer ballistic package and the shock-absorbing frame, is installed indoors opposite the window opening in such a way that it covers the window glazing 4 over its area, and is attached to the wall of the enclosing structure 35 (Fig. 3) using anchor bolts 16. The multi-layer ballistic package 1 is made of several panels 5 (Fig.2) ballistic fabric UHMWPE, and is divided over the entire area with vertical intervals into horizontal cells by structural elements in such a way that all the sheets of the multilayer ballistic package, collected together in a single package, are reinforced by folds formed by the sheets of ballistic fabric, enveloping the support rods 3, as well as spring clips 7 (Fig. 2), pressing the sheets to the support rods 3 and connected into a separate block with the help of an additional rod 8 (Fig. 2), attached to each support rod by elliptical rings 9. All support rods and additional rods are made in the form of thin-walled pipes with an external diameter of at least 20 mm and contain inside themselves reinforcing inserts 10 (Fig. 2) made of composite fiberglass reinforcement with a diameter of at least 14 mm.

[0088] The lowest support rod of the lower horizontal row of cells is attached to the control cord 17, resting on its thickening 19. The highest support rod is attached to the movable guides of the shock-absorbing frame using screws 50 (Fig. 2). The remaining support rods 3 of the horizontal rows of cells are not connected to the control cord 17, but only have an opening for its passage. In other words, at the beginning of the tension of the control cord, only the lowest row of cells moves upward, and then, in turn, all the remaining rows of cells rise until the support rods 3 rest against each other (Fig. 3) and rest against the highest support rod, attached to the movable guides of the shock-absorbing frame. In this position, the control cord 17 is fixed to the bolt 36, screwed into the movable guide 2.

[0089] Fig. 2 shows a ballistic package in isometric projection without a shock-absorbing frame, but with fastening elements 50 and 51 intended for installing the ballistic package on the shock-absorbing frame.

[0090] Tension / compression spring packs 18, attached at one end to the ends of the movable guides and at the other end to the ends of the power box rods, restrain the movable guides together with the ballistic package from arbitrary movement. Thus, all four spring packs necessary for the shock-absorbing frame designed for a window opening no more than 1.6 m wide are attached. Fig. 3 shows the elements of the spring pack 18 in a state without a shock wave and without the action of striking elements on the ballistic package in the raised position.

[0091] The extension spring 20 of each spring pack is attached to the movable guide 2 and the power box rod 15 using screw hooks 21. The same hooks are used to secure the control cord 17 on the movable guides. To strengthen the threaded connection, metal plugs 22 are inserted into the movable guides 2, and metal plugs 23 are inserted into the box rods, in which threads are cut for the hooks 21. Also in the box rod 15 and the plug 23 there is a threaded hole with a guide cylindrical groove 24, into which a guide axis 25 of cylindrical shape is screwed, provided with a section with a square cross-section 26 to enable it to be tightened with a wrench. A cylindrical sleeve 27 is placed on the guide axis, which has the ability to move freely along the guide axis 25 together with the movable guide 2.The ends of the bushing are threaded to nuts 28 and a threaded locking washer 29 secured to the movable guide 2 by screws 30. A compression spring 31 is placed on the guide axle, supplementing the damping force of the extension of spring 20 at the end of the movable guide's travel under the action of a shock wave and absorbing part of its kinetic energy. Spring 31, together with axle 25, is housed within cup 32, which is sealed by threaded plug 33, and cup 32 itself is attached to box-shaped rod 15 by screws 34.

[0092] Figure 4 shows the ballistic package together with the shock-absorbing frame at the moment the anti-fragmentation curtain is impacted by a shock wave. At this moment, the movable guides 2 reach their extreme position relative to the wall 35 of the enclosing structure, the spring 20 is maximally extended, and the spring 31 is maximally compressed, which corresponds to their combined unidirectional force, stopping the movement of the movable guides in the direction opposite the window opening.

[0093] An additional factor compensating for the kinetic energy of fragments and the shock wave is the elastic action of the spring clips 7, which expand when the shock wave pressure acts on the ballistic package web, resulting in the web and support rods being pulled in the direction of the shock wave. The work performed by the expansion of the elastic spring clips, as well as the friction of the layers of the ballistic package against each other and the movement of the layers in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the web, dampens part of the shock wave's kinetic energy. An additional rod 8, connecting all the spring clips related to a separate support rod and attached to it at the edges with the help of elliptical rings 9 (Fig. 2), does not allow the spring clips to jump off the fold of the ballistic package webs covering the support rod, and prevents critical deflection of the support rod in the direction of the shock wave.The support rods themselves constantly rest with their ends against the movable guides 2 of the shock-absorbing frame due to the preliminary initial tension of the springs 20.

[0094] Fig. 5 shows view B (Fig. 1) from above on the entire structure of the anti-fragmentation curtain, illustrating the fastening of the shock-absorbing frame to the wall of the enclosing structure. Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the phases of the sequential reduction of the vertical dimension of a fragment of two cells of the ballistic package under the influence of a shock wave. When the web of the ballistic package 5 deflects in the direction of the action of the shock wave 38, the distance between the support rods 46 decreases under the action of the force 37, acting tangentially to the web bent along an arc and being the projection of the resulting force 38 on the surface of the web at each of its points. In this case, work is performed to lift the weight 44 of the web itself, including the weight of the support rods 3 together with the additional rods 8, weighted due to the reinforcing inserts 10 inserted into them.Moreover, the greater the total weight of the curtain, and the more it reduces the vertical dimension of each horizontal row of cells 45, the greater the work performed, which takes away some of the kinetic energy from the shock wave and moving fragments.

[0095] The distance between the support rods 3, corresponding to size 45 in the state of rest (Fig. 6), begins to decrease to size 46 and further to size 47 in the time interval of the action of the shock wave on the ballistic package.

[0096] At the same time, the force 37 itself, applied to the web 5 at the inflection point of the petals of the spring clip 7, becomes the resultant for the combination of the force 40 (Fig. 7), pulling the entire fold of the layers of the ballistic package together with the support rod from the spring clip, and the force 41 (Fig. 7), pushing apart the petals of the spring clip.

[0097] Fig. 8 shows how, with the greatest reduction in the distance between the support rods at the maximum action of the shock wave, while maintaining the magnitude of force 37 in modulus, the magnitude of force 41 decreases to the magnitude of force 43, which continues to push apart the petals of the spring clip, but much weaker.

[0098] From a comparison of Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 it follows that with a maximum reduction in the vertical size of the ballistic package due to a reduction in the vertical size 45-47 of all horizontal rows of cells, when comparing the relative value of such a reduction 48 with the initial distance between the support rods 45, the difference in these values ​​49 is from 25% to 35% of the initial size 45. This conclusion is necessary for determining the calculated initial elongation of the ballistic package relative to the glazing height of the window opening, necessary to prevent the opening of a free zone of penetration of fragments from below that has reduced the size of the ballistic package.

[0099] From this follows the following conclusion: in order for the web of the ballistic package not to open a free zone from below for the breakthrough of fragments when rising under the pressure of the shock wave, the vertical dimension of the ballistic package must exceed the vertical dimension of the window opening by at least 30%, which follows from the change in the direction of the vector of tangential force 37, which pulls out the support rod when the distance between the support rods is reduced by 30%. This change in the direction of the vector of force 37 is determined by the shape of the spring clips and occurs at the end of the passage of the shock wave front, when the direction of the vector of tangential force approaches the direction of the main force of the shock wave, which is illustrated in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. The spring clip then stops unclenching and begins to return to its original state, and the web of the cell straightens under the action of its own weight, including the weight of the support rods and begins to correspond to the shape shown in Fig. 6.

[0100] Fig. 9 shows a possible spring clip shape with rounded petal ends and a nominal crimping diameter for all layers of the ballistic package around the support rods. The end of the spring clip has a hole for attaching it to an additional rod 8. The specific size of the spring clip and its strength characteristics are determined by the number of crimped layers of the ballistic package for each design variant.

[0101] Fig. 10 shows a possible variant of fastening the uppermost support rod 3 and the additional rod 8 connected to it to the movable guide 2.

[0102] This utility model makes it possible to create an anti-fragmentation curtain with a design that increases the anti-fragmentation resistance of the ballistic package, ensures the maximum dissipation of the energy of the shock wave and reduces the likelihood of glass fragments penetrating into a room equipped with windows due to the perception of most of the impact load by a shock-absorbing frame attached to the enclosing structure.

[0103] Of course, various modifications and changes may be made that will remain within the scope of this utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail to clearly understand the essence of the proposed invention, it is obvious that some changes can be made within the specific embodiments described in the description.

[0104] Possibility of implementation.

[0105] The possibility of implementing this utility model is due to the use of standardized products available on the domestic market for its production, such as:

[0106] 1. Anti-splinter polymer material based on extruded UHMWPE, according to TU 739960-214-51261653-2020 (protection class C2-350 according to GOST 50744-95).

[0107] 2. Metal clip for film / mesh Article: 2479315049 size 25 mm-32 mm.

[0108] 3. Pipe D1.T.KR 20×1.5×3000 GOST 18475-82 (support rods and additional rods for them).

[0109] 4. Pipe D1.T.KR 25×2.0×3000 GOST 18475-82 (support rods and additional rods for them for wide openings).

[0110] 5. Aluminum pipe 40×25×2×1250 Pr. GOST 18475-82 (movable guides).

[0111] 6. Steel pipe 60×30×2.5 1250 Pr. GOST 8645-68 (box-shaped rods).

[0112] 7. Spring 1-102-1-1-96-1 OCT 1 14001-88 (extension spring in spring pack).

[0113] 8. Spring 1-169-1-1-50-1 OST 1 11208-73 (compression spring in a spring pack).

[0114] 9. Composite fiberglass reinforcement 14 mm GOST 31938-2022 for strengthening support rods.

[0115] 10. Hot-rolled strip 36×18 GOST 103-2006 (steel plugs for movable guide.

[0116] 11. Hot-rolled strip 55×25 GOST 103-2006 (steel plugs for box rod).

[0117] The extension and compression springs selected for the basic design of the shock-absorbing frame allow a maximum movement of the sliding guides toward the room of 120 mm. Each pair of springs in the spring pack, at maximum deformation, creates a combined counterforce of 56 kg against the movement of the sliding guides. All four spring packs create a force of 225 kg (2250 N), applied counteracting the movement of the ballistic package together with the sliding guides and partially compensating for the kinetic energy of the blast wave. The work performed in this case, spent compensating for the kinetic energy of the blast wave, is 2250 N⋅0.12 m = 270 J.

[0118] The frictional work caused by the movement of the support rods along the sliding guides is determined by the total force exerted by the blast wave on the surface of the ballistic package. This force can reach 600 kg at an overpressure of 50 kPa. With the optimal vertical distance between the support rods set at 400 mm, the 1.6 m high ballistic package is divided into four horizontal rows of cells, and there are five support rods. The upper support rod is fixed. Thus, the entire load is distributed over the eight ends of the support rods, each bearing 75 kg, directed normal to the surface of the sliding guide. The total friction force generated by moving the aluminum support rods along the aluminum guides will be 600 kg x 1.4 = 840 kg (or approximately 8400 N), where 1.4 is the dynamic coefficient of friction of aluminum on aluminum on dry surfaces.

[0119] Having expressed the friction force in J and taking the path traveled by each support rod up the guides as 30% of the curtain height, divided by 4 (the number of raised support rods), as 0.12 m, we obtain the value of the work performed “A”, spent on compensating for the kinetic energy of the blast wave due to the friction of the support rods against the movable guides:

[0120] A=8400 H⋅0.12 m=1008 J

[0121] The total amount of compensation for the kinetic energy of the blast wave due only to the friction forces between the elements of the shock-absorbing frame and the elastic forces of deformation of the springs is at least 1278 J (excluding the work on unclamping the spring clips, friction of the layers of the ballistic package and the work on lifting the mass of the ballistic package itself).

[0122] The above calculation shows that the resistance value of the curtain's shock-absorbing frame to the anti-fragmentation shock wave, which consists of softening the impact of the shock wave impulse on the ballistic package and the enclosing structure, increases with the increase of this impulse.

Claims

A shatterproof protective curtain for window openings, which is a multilayer fabric suspended next to the window opening, forming a ballistic package with an overlap of the window glazing over its area, characterized in that the ballistic package is located inside a shock-absorbing frame attached to the wall with the glazed opening, and the support rods of the ballistic package are constantly pressed against the movable guides of the shock-absorbing frame.

Images