FLAP GRINDING TOOL

Abstract

This utility model pertains to mechanical engineering and can be used for removing burrs and rounding sharp edges, as well as machining the shaped surfaces of various parts and assemblies, primarily metal, using grinding equipment. The flap grinding tool comprises a housing with a device for securing the tool to the equipment shaft and a plurality of abrasive flaps, their lower ends secured to the housing surface using a self-hardening adhesive mixture. The upper ends of the flaps form a working surface, which is divided by slots into lamellas. The width of these slots is less than or equal to the width of the lamella. The abrasive flaps are secured to the housing, forming a cavity with the slots between the lamellas of adjacent flaps arranged one after the other.The proposed utility model enables simultaneous machining of a flat or contoured surface, deburring, and rounding of sharp edges using the same tool without additional operations or the use of additional tools. This simplifies the machining process and increases productivity. 4 pp. (false characters), 6 figs.

Description

[0001] <Полезная модель относится к области машиностроения и может быть использована при удалении первичного, вторичного гребней заусенцев (грат) и скруглении острых граней, а также обработки деталей со сложной формой поверхности, с перепадами высот, диаметров или расположенных на ней отверстий различной формы, преимущественно из металла, на шлифовальном оборудовании.

[0002] A flap abrasive tool is known, comprising a body of circular cross-section with a central through-hole for attachment to the grinding equipment shaft, and strip-shaped flaps, primarily made of abrasive cloth, mounted around the body at their inner ends and secured to it with a self-hardening adhesive mixture. The inner end of each flap is designed as a smooth wave line and, when mounted on the body, forms free cavities with the outer surface of the body, into which the adhesive mixture enters and is secured as it hardens. When the tool is assembled, the cavities of the flap are arranged one after another in the same location and form a continuous cavity around the circumference of the body (see patent for utility model RU No. 201940, class B24D 13 / 04, 2021).

[0003] Despite all the advantages of this type of tool, such as high-quality fastening of the petals on the body, this type of tool has a drawback - the inability to remove primary and secondary burr ridges, round off sharp edges of the workpiece and process shaped surfaces on mechanical equipment due to the fact that the working surface is made in the form of a rigid surface and does not have the ability to move during operation.

[0004] A flap tool is known for processing surfaces on grinding equipment, comprising a rigid body with a central through hole, a plurality of petals in the form of strips with a wavy inner end, fixed to the body with a layer of self-hardening adhesive mixture, the body of which is made in the form of a sleeve located in the central part, a layer of adhesive mixture located between the sleeve and the inner end of the petals, and reinforcement introduced into the layer of adhesive mixture and placed throughout its entire volume (see Russian Federation Patent for Utility Model No. 206006 under class B24D 13 / 02 for 2021).

[0005] Despite all the advantages of this type of tool in the form of high-quality fastening of the petals on the body, this type of tool has a drawback - the inability to remove the primary and secondary comb burrs, round off sharp edges and process shaped surfaces on mechanical equipment due to the fact that the working surface is made in the form of a rigid surface and does not have the ability to move during operation.

[0006] The technical objective of the proposed tool is to obtain a new type of grinding wheel and use it, in addition to grinding the flat surface of a part, to remove burrs from sharp edges, dull sharp edges and process shaped surfaces on mechanical equipment simultaneously, without using another type of tool.

[0007] The stated task is achieved in that in the proposed flap grinding tool, comprising a rigid body, a plurality of abrasive flaps, each of which is fixed to the surface of the body with an adhesive self-hardening mixture, and the body is provided with a device for fixing the tool on the shaft of the equipment, the working surface of each of the flaps, from the side of the upper end of the flaps, is divided by slots into lamellas, the width of the slots is made greater than zero and less than or equal to the width of the lamella, the slots between the lamellas of adjacent flaps, located one after the other, form a closed annular cavity, but can also be located in such a way that the lamellas of one flaps completely or partially overlap the slots of the flaps adjacent to it.When the housing is made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve with a through central hole, the abrasive flaps are fixed on the outer surface, and the device for fixing the tool on the equipment shaft is located in the central hole of the housing, made in the form of longitudinal grooves, a keyway or in the form of a polyhedron.

[0008] When the rigid body is made in the form of a round cup with side protrusions, the petals are fixed in the cavity between the protrusions, and the device for fixing the tool on the equipment is located both in the central hole and on the back of the body.

[0009] Fig. 1 - longitudinal section with a housing in the form of a sleeve;

[0010] Fig. 2 - longitudinal section with a body in the form of a round cup;

[0011] Fig. 3 shows the general appearance and shape of abrasive petals of one type;

[0012] Fig. 4 shows the general appearance and shape of another type of abrasive petals;

[0013] Fig. 5 - the arrangement of petals on the hub of one type;

[0014] Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of petals on the hub of both types.

[0015] As shown in the graphic part, the proposed flap tool has a body 1, on which a plurality of abrasive flaps 3 and 4 are fixed around the circumference. The abrasive flaps 3 and 4 have outer 5 and inner 6 ends. The periphery of the end 5 of the flaps 3, 4 is the working surface 2, and the inner end 6 is connected to the body 1 by a self-hardening mixture 7. The rigid body 1 is made with a central through hole 8, in which there is a device 9 for fastening on grinding equipment (for example, in the form of a keyway of splines, a polyhedron). In the case where the body 1 is made in the form of a cup, the device for fastening the tool is made on the back side 10, in the form of recesses 12 for connecting the tool with the corresponding elements of the equipment. The working surface 2 of the petals 3, 4 is divided by slots 13 into lamellas 14, and the inner end 6 is made mainly in the form of a wave line 15.When the housing 1 is made in the form of a round cup, it has an outer 16 and inner 17 projections, which together with the surface of the housing 1 form a cavity for fixing the petals 3, 4 in the radial direction. The width of the slots 13 and the width of the lamellas 14 depend (0 <t<а), где t - ширина прорезей, а - ширина ламелей.

[0016] The petal tool assembly is designed in such a way that petals of the same type 3 or 4 are located on the body one after another and annular cavities 18 are formed on the working surface 2.

[0017] The petal tool can be made in such a way that petals 3 and 4 are installed alternating one after another, while the slots 13 of petals 3 are located opposite the lamellas 14 of petals 4, and the annular cavities 18, in this case, will be completely or partially overlapped by adjacent lamellas 14.

[0018] The tool assembly is as follows:

[0019] Body 1 is placed into the mold, then petals 3 and 4, with their inner ends 6, are positioned and assembled around body 1 in a circle, tightly adjacent to each other, forming a closed ring. Then, mixture 7 is poured into the mold. After pouring, the tool is left in this position until the mixture has completely hardened. Once mixture 7 has completely hardened, the clamping force is released and the finished tool is removed from the mold.

[0020] The proposed tool operates as follows:

[0021] The tool body 1 is assembled and mounted on the equipment shaft using the clamping device 9. If the body 1 is designed as a sleeve, the grinding equipment spindle is inserted into the opening 8, secured against rotation using the unit 9, and secured against loss using the nut. If the body 1 is designed as a cup, the tool is secured to the machine spindle using the recesses 12 and the nut (not shown). After the tool is installed and secured on the machine spindle, the spindle is set in rotation, and the petals 3 and 4 with the working surface 2 of the outer end 5 are pressed against the workpiece surface, and the workpiece is machined. Each of the tool lamellas 14 operates individually from the other lamellas 14 of the working surface 2 of the tool.When machining a part with multiple recesses (recessed holes), the corresponding lamella 14 descends and enters the recess, trimming and rounding off the burr ridges, while the remaining lamellas simultaneously machine the remaining surface. When machining shaped surfaces, such as protrusions and radial joints on the workpiece, the corresponding lamellas 14 of petals 3 and 4 move upward and machine these protruding elements, moving the tool across the workpiece, thereby machining the entire surface.

[0022] Example

[0023] A petal tool with a sleeve-shaped body (Fig. 1) was manufactured and tested according to the utility model formula. The dimensions of this tool are as follows: outer diameter 180 mm, width 50 mm, and body diameter 90 mm. The width of the lamellas is equal to the slot width and is 7 mm. This tool operated for 123 hours without damage or petal ejection.

[0024] The workpiece had numerous through holes forming a grid pattern on its surface. The edges of the holes, after being machined, had burrs of varying sizes protruding above the surface. After machining with the proposed tool, all burrs were removed, the sharp edges of the holes were rounded, and the surface of the workpiece was machined to the specified parameters.

[0025] A petal tool with a round cup-shaped body (Fig. 2) was manufactured and tested in accordance with paragraph 2 of the utility model formula. The tool's dimensions are as follows: an outer diameter of 180 mm, a height of 50 mm, and an inner body diameter of 90 mm. The width of the lamellas is equal to the slot width and is 7 mm. This tool was in operation for 164 hours without damage or petal ejection. The workpiece contained numerous through holes forming a grid on its surface, and burrs of varying sizes protruding above the surface were present on the edges of the holes after their production. After machining with the proposed tool, all burrs were removed, the sharp edges of the holes were rounded, and the surface of the workpiece was machined to the specified parameters.

[0026] Testing of industrial prototypes of the flap tool of the proposed design demonstrated that this tool allows for the simultaneous surface finishing of parts, deburring, blunting of sharp edges, and machining of shaped areas on parts with uneven surfaces using the same flap tool, without the need for additional operations or additional tools. This improvement simplifies the machining process and increases productivity compared to existing designs of similar flap tools.

Claims

1. A flap grinding tool comprising a housing, a plurality of abrasive flaps secured with their lower end to the surface of the housing by means of a self-hardening adhesive mixture, and with the upper end of the flaps forming a working surface, wherein the housing is provided with a device for securing the tool on the shaft of the equipment, characterized in that the working surface of the abrasive flaps on the side of the upper end of the flaps is divided by slots into lamellas, wherein the width of the slots is made less than or equal to the width of the lamella, wherein the abrasive flaps are secured to the housing in such a way that a cavity is formed by the slots between the lamellas of adjacent flaps located one after the other.

2. The tool according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the body is made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve with a through central hole, the abrasive petals are fixed on its outer surface, and the device for fixing the tool on the equipment is made in the form of longitudinal grooves or a polyhedron.

3. The tool according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the body is made in the form of a round cup with lateral and internal projections, the abrasive petals are located radially in the cavity between the projections, and the device for securing the tool to the equipment is located on the back of the body.

4. The tool according to item 1, characterized in that the lower end of the abrasive petals is made in the form of a wavy line.

5. The tool according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the body is made without lateral and internal projections and is filled together with the abrasive petals with a self-hardening adhesive mixture.

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