Double-action cartridge

Abstract

This utility model pertains to bidirectional cartridges. The technical result is a reduced recoil impulse during firing, increased accuracy, and a simplified design. The cartridge comprises a cartridge case open at both ends, a single explosive charge located in the geometric center of the case, insulating spacers, and wads. The projectiles are symmetrically positioned within the case on either side of the explosive charge, directed in opposite directions along the cartridge's longitudinal axis. The central portion of the cartridge case contains an opening for the explosive charge initiator, designed to simultaneously detonate the charge along its entire length from the center to the edges, ensuring symmetrical and simultaneous transfer of kinetic energy to both projectiles and their firing in opposite directions, thereby compensating for recoil impulses.The initiating device consists of an electrical wire with an igniter, positioned in a longitudinal groove outside the cartridge case along its axis. In the central portion of the cartridge case, where the explosive charge is located, the inner diameter of the cartridge case wall is 2 mm smaller than the main inner diameter, forming a flange for supporting the insulating gasket between the explosive charge and the wad. 4 ref. fil., 1 fig.

Description

[0001] This utility model relates to ammunition, specifically to specialized ammunition for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and can be used in devices with bidirectional barrels mounted on UAVs and in special recoil compensation devices. The device is designed to dramatically reduce or completely eliminate the recoil impulse during firing.

[0002] When operating at altitude, to engage a UAV, the operator must aim at the target and fire the weapon. However, sometimes the number of firing attempts to complete the task is limited, requiring increased accuracy.

[0003] The utility model is based on a standard unitary cartridge, such as a 12-gauge shotgun cartridge, containing a cartridge case, a primer in the base of the case, a propellant charge, and shot. Its main drawback is the presence of a full recoil impulse, which is not compensated for in the cartridge design.

[0004] A cartridge for combating UAVs is known (patent RU 228896, 2024), made in the form of a unitary cartridge containing a cartridge case connected to each other, filled with gunpowder inside, at the base of which a primer-igniter is mounted, and a bullet, inside which striking elements in the form of shot and arrow-shaped elements are mounted.

[0005] The disadvantage of this solution is the complexity of the design and the high cost of production, as well as significant recoil when fired, which does not allow the use of this ammunition on UAVs.

[0006] A mounted device for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles is known from the technical field (patent RU 2863139, 2026).), comprising a control unit for a mounted device and a firearm comprising a housing with a tube with an electric igniter connected to the control unit for a mounted device, at least one barrel and at least one element located in the housing that diverts the spent cartridge case in the direction opposite to the shot, wherein a compensating device is installed on the rear side of the firearm coaxially with the barrel in the element that diverts the spent cartridge case, the element that diverts the spent cartridge case is made in the form of a tube with an internal channel of variable cross-section with a narrowing towards the exit of the spent cartridge case from the firearm and an expansion in the direction opposite to the exit of the spent cartridge case, and the compensating device is made in the form of a gasket made of a deformable material, wherein the firearm is mounted on a frame connected to the control unit for a mounted device.

[0007] The disadvantage of this device is the shifted center of gravity that occurs when the charge is fired and the weapon is pulled off the aiming line when fired.

[0008] The closest known prototype is a bidirectional munition with a non-damaging counterweight (RU Patent 243345, 2026), used in counter-drone devices. It comprises a cartridge case open at both ends, a single explosive charge located in the geometric center of the case, insulating spacers, and wads. On one side of the single explosive charge are striking elements in the form of pellets, and on the opposite side of the single explosive charge is a non-damaging counterweight in the form of a loose material whose mass is equal to the mass of the striking elements. A mark is applied to the end of the cartridge case on the striking element side, indicating the side intended for targeting. Sand is used as a non-damaging counterweight.

[0009] A drawback of the prototype is the use of a non-percussive counterweight in the form of a loose material whose mass is equal to the mass of the projectiles. This results in incomplete impulse compensation due to the different shape and density of the counterweight. Furthermore, ordinary sand is significantly lighter than lead shot, and the amount of it required to equalize the weight of the shot may not fit into the cartridge case. The prototype also fails to describe the method for initiating the propellant charge or how to ensure a strictly symmetrical positioning of the propellant charge relative to the center of the cartridge case for uniform combustion.

[0010] The technical task of the utility model is aimed at eliminating the shortcomings of analogues and the prototype.

[0011] The technical result of the utility model is a new device that will eliminate or significantly reduce the recoil impulse during a shot due to internal impulse compensation in the cartridge itself, thereby increasing the accuracy of shooting, simplifying the design of the weapon and reducing the impact of the weapon shot on the UAV and its deviation from the aiming line due to recoil.

[0012] The technical result is achieved in that in a bidirectional cartridge for firing without recoil, containing a sleeve open at both ends, a single explosive charge located in the geometric center of the sleeve, insulating gaskets and wads, striking elements, symmetrically located in the sleeve on both sides of the explosive charge, directed in opposite directions along the longitudinal axis of the cartridge, in the central part of the sleeve there is an opening for the means of initiating the explosive charge, made with the possibility of simultaneously detonating the charge along its entire length from the center to the edges, ensuring symmetrical and simultaneous communication of kinetic energy to both striking elements and their firing in opposite directions, which achieves compensation of recoil impulses.The initiating element consists of an electrical wire placed in a longitudinal groove on the outside of the cartridge case along its axis, with an electrochemical igniter firmly inserted into a hole in the central portion of the cartridge case, up to the center of its circumference. The striking elements are prefabricated sub-elements, such as arrows, balls, cubes, or a combination thereof, placed in containers. The cartridge case is manufactured using 3D printing, with the inner diameter of the central portion, in the area where the explosive charge is located, being 2 mm smaller than the main inner diameter, forming a flange for the support of an insulating gasket between the explosive charge and the wad. The outer surface of the cartridge case along its axis can be shaped as a polyhedron to accommodate the electrical wire of the initiating element.

[0013] The symmetrical design with two opposing projectiles and a central propellant charge ensures the simultaneous transfer of kinetic energy to both elements. In accordance with the law of conservation of momentum, the momenta transferred to the projectiles are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, resulting in mutual compensation within the cartridge-gun system. The resulting momentum transferred to the gun tends to zero, ensuring a recoil-free shot.

[0014] The claimed device is schematically shown in Fig. 1.

[0015] Fig. 1 - Diagram of the device of a cartridge (sleeve) with an electrochemical ignition means (electric match).

[0016] Composition of the main elements of the utility model:

[0017] 1 - cylindrical polymer sleeve, reinforced in the explosive charge area;

[0018] 2 - explosive charge;

[0019] 3 - cardboard insulating lining;

[0020] 4 - felt wad;

[0021] 5 - container with shot or striking elements;

[0022] 6 - plastic plug or gasket;

[0023] 7 - electric wire;

[0024] 8 - electrochemical igniter (electric match).

[0025] The proposed device consists of a cylindrical polymer sleeve 1, reinforced in the area of ​​​​the charge in the central part of the sleeve, where a cylindrical charge of explosive 2 in the form of a powder charge (made of black or smokeless powder) is placed, limited on both sides first by a cardboard insulating gasket 3, and then by a felt wad 4, then identical containers with shot or striking elements 5 are placed on both sides, limited on the outside by plastic plugs or gaskets 6. In this case, in the central part of the sleeve 1 in the area of ​​​​the location of the charge of explosive 2, the internal diameter of the wall of the sleeve 1 is made ​​2 mm smaller than the main internal diameter, forming a rim (not indicated in the diagram) for the stop of the insulating gasket 3 between the charge of explosive 2 and the felt wad 3. This ensures the exclusion of the possibility of shifting the center of the charge of explosive 2 relative to the center of the sleeve 1.The initiating means is made in the form of an electric wire 7, laid strictly along the longitudinal axis of the sleeve 1 in a groove (not shown in the diagram) made on the outer surface of the wall of the sleeve 1. The electrochemical igniter 8 is tightly and hermetically installed in the side window of the sleeve 1 in its geometric center in the zone of the charge of the explosive substance 2 and is in contact with the electric wire 7.

[0026] To standardize wads, propellant containers, and spacers, as well as simplify cartridge assembly, its internal diameter matches that of a 12-gauge cartridge. The projectile can be kinetic energy bullets, Kevlar nets with weights, or containers filled with pre-made projectiles (hunting shot, arrows, balls, cubes, or a combination of these, placed in containers), etc.

[0027] A comparative analysis has shown that the claimed technical solution differs from the prototype by using the following essential features:

[0028] - the initiation means is made in the form of an electric wire 7, laid in a longitudinal groove on the outside of the sleeve 1 along its axis, with an electrochemical igniter 8, tightly inserted into the hole in the central part of the sleeve 1 to the center of its circumference;

[0029] - the striking elements are ready-made striking sub-elements, such as hunting shot, arrows, balls, cubes or a combination of them, placed in containers;

[0030] - a cylindrical polymer sleeve 1 is manufactured using 3D printing, while in its central part, in the area where the explosive charge is located, the inner diameter of the sleeve wall is made 2 mm smaller than the main inner diameter, forming a rim for supporting the insulating gasket between the explosive charge and the wad;

[0031] - the outer surface of the sleeve 1 along its axis can be made in the form of a polyhedron for laying the electric wire 7 of the means for initiating the charge of the explosive substance 2.

[0032] The bidirectional chuck is used as follows.

[0033] The cartridge case is loaded in the following sequence. Electrochemical igniter (electric match) 8 is inserted into the hole in the center of the cartridge case 1 and sealed with a hot glue gun. Next, a 1.5 mm thick cardboard insulating gasket 3 is pushed into one side of the cartridge case 1 using a rivet or pestle until it rests against the rim of the combustion chamber, where the powder charge will be placed. Then, a felt or wood fiber wad 4 is pushed in with a rivet until it makes firm contact with the gasket 3. After this, the powder charge can be poured into the combustion chamber, measuring its volume with a special measure. After the charge is poured in, a second cardboard insulating gasket 3 is pushed in until it rests against the rim and the powder charge, followed by wad 4. The subsequent loading of the cartridge is carried out in the same way as loading a standard hunting cartridge. The most important rule is that all elements must be placed symmetrically relative to the center of the cartridge and have the same mass.It takes an experienced operator no more than 1 minute to load one cartridge.

[0034] The loaded cartridge is installed in a special transport and launch container. Electrical wire 7 is placed in a groove on the outer wall of cartridge case 1 and does not interfere with the cartridge's movement into the barrel. Electrical wire 7 is then connected to the UAV terminals or a power source. When the UAV operator presses the launch button on the control panel, 5 V from the power source is supplied to electrochemical igniter (electric match) 8, igniting the cartridge's explosive charge 2, which is a propellant powder.

[0035] The pressure of the propellant gases increases symmetrically and simultaneously acts on the bases of both containers containing shot or striking elements 5. The charges receive equal and opposite impulses and are fired from a cylindrical polymer cartridge case 1: the first in the direction of the target, the second in the opposite direction. The recoil impulses cancel each other out.

[0036] The resulting force acting on the weapon's chamber is minimal and does not affect the UAV's flight characteristics or electronics, meaning the UAV maintains a stable position in space.

[0037] The conducted patent research did not reveal any technical solutions that became publicly available in the world before the priority date of the utility model, therefore, it can be assumed that the said technical solution meets the patentability requirement of “novelty”.

[0038] The proposed product was manufactured and tested at a pilot plant and testing grounds. The existence of known analogs and a prototype proves the feasibility of production, which meets the patentability requirement of "industrial applicability."

[0039] The practical application of this product eliminates or significantly reduces recoil impulse during firing due to internal impulse compensation within the cartridge itself. This improves firing accuracy, simplifies the weapon's design, and reduces the impact of the weapon's discharge on the UAV and its displacement from the aiming line due to recoil. Furthermore, at altitudes of 50 meters and above, a second shot fired in the opposite direction does not cause any negative consequences. The cartridge is applicable in military applications, particularly with unmanned platforms, law enforcement, target shooting, and special equipment.

Claims

1. A bidirectional cartridge for firing without recoil, comprising a cartridge case open at both ends, a single explosive charge located in the geometric center of the cartridge case, insulating gaskets and wads, striking elements, symmetrically located in the cartridge case on both sides of the explosive charge, directed in opposite directions along the longitudinal axis of the cartridge, characterized in that in the central part of the cartridge case there is an opening for a means for initiating the explosive charge, made with the possibility of simultaneously detonating the charge along its entire length from the center to the edges, ensuring symmetrical and simultaneous communication of kinetic energy to both striking elements and their firing in opposite directions, which achieves compensation for recoil impulses, wherein the initiation means is made in the form of an electric wire with an igniter, laid in a longitudinal groove on the outside of the cartridge case along its axis, while in the central part of the cartridge case,in the area where the explosive charge is located, the inner diameter of the sleeve wall is made 2 mm smaller than the main inner diameter, forming a rim for supporting the insulating gasket between the explosive charge and the wad.

2. A bidirectional cartridge according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the igniter is electrochemical and is tightly inserted into the opening in the central part of the cartridge case to the center of its circumference.

3. A bidirectional cartridge according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the striking elements are ready-made striking sub-elements, such as arrows, balls, cubes or a combination thereof, placed in containers.

4. A bidirectional cartridge according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the cartridge case is manufactured using a 3D printing method.

5. A bidirectional cartridge according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the cartridge case along its axis is made in the form of a polyhedron for laying the electrical wire of the means for initiating the explosive charge.

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