Furniture frame

Abstract

This utility model relates to furniture manufacturing and to the design of tables, benches, chairs, stools, stands, footrests, etc., with collapsible frames, including metal ones. The technical solution is intended for use in office, residential, educational, and public spaces, as well as for companies organizing temporary workstations, exhibition stands, and mobile offices. The modular design optimizes logistics processes. The furniture frame comprises supports connected by crossbars. Each support has uprights, the upper ends of which are rigidly connected by a beam. The lower ends of the uprights are rigidly connected by a base. Moreover, each upright is positioned at an angle of 60-120 degrees to the beam. The upper support points of the frame, which are not collinear, define a plane located at an angle not exceeding 60 degrees to the plane defined by the lower support points of the frame, which are not collinear.Each support-to-crossarm connection is realized by means of a support and a crossarm connected to it at an angle of 75-105 degrees. To achieve this, a section of the crossarm is positioned within the support cavity. The crossarm has a cross-section that allows any portion of it to be positioned within the support cavity. The crossarm is secured to the support via holes drilled in each hole and the fasteners used with them. The arrangement and number of holes in the support, the corresponding holes in the crossarm, and the fasteners used with these holes ensure the crossarm is positioned relative to the support without any degrees of freedom in the connection. This utility model solves the problem of creating a collapsible frame with a simple design, high strength and reliability, and resistance to tipping.Additionally, the problem of reducing manufacturing costs has been solved, as well as simplifying assembly and disassembly processes, even without the need for dedicated tools. The problem of ensuring the compactness of the structure when disassembled for transportation and the problem of maintainability have also been solved. Additionally, the utility model addresses the problem of expanding the arsenal of technical means. The main technical result is increasing the strength and reliability of the furniture frame. The problem of design simplification is solved by reducing the number of complex-to-manufacture parts, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency. The frame structure can be manufactured from various standard elements, including profiles and pipes, using standard manufacturing operations. Improved operational efficiency results in simplified assembly and disassembly processes.Improved maintainability results in the ability to replace individual frame components if damaged. The ability to repeatedly assemble and disassemble the frame is achieved through the use of components and elements capable of performing such assembly and disassembly without affecting their technical parameters (or changing their technical parameters). Fasteners for detachable connections are used to connect frame components. The ability to install various furniture panels on the frame is also addressed by increasing the support surfaces for these panels while increasing the rigidity of both the panel-to-frame connection and the frame itself. 21 Sec.

Description

[0001] This utility model relates to furniture production and the furniture itself, specifically to the designs of tables, benches, chairs, stools, stands, footrests, etc., with collapsible frames, including metal frame structures. The technical solution is intended for use in office, residential, educational, and public spaces, including those requiring furniture that can be quickly assembled and disassembled. The design is suitable for companies organizing temporary workspaces, exhibition stands, and mobile offices. The utility model can be used in the production of office furniture, catering furniture, exhibition equipment, and specialized furniture for educational institutions. The modular design optimizes logistics processes and reduces transportation costs for finished products. The versatility of the fastening components ensures compatibility with various types of tabletops and seats, etc.panels, and also provides the ability to create various modifications of the product.

[0002] Various designs of collapsible tables, benches, and similar furniture are known in the art, incorporating frames with bolted connections and folding mechanisms. The most common designs are those with four separate legs connected by horizontal braces, and tables, chairs, and the like. Folding tables, benches, and chairs also feature hinged joints, allowing the frame to be folded for storage and transport. The disadvantage of such solutions is the complexity of the folding mechanisms and the limited durability of the hinged joints under intensive use. Furthermore, folding structures often have increased dimensions when folded, complicating packaging and transportation. Many existing technical solutions for collapsible frames do not provide an optimal combination of strength, manufacturing efficiency, and ease of assembly and disassembly.The need to use a special tool for assembly and the difficulty of ensuring the accuracy of the mating of elements are usually the main disadvantages of known designs.

[0003] Known as "Furniture frame" (RU 240395 U1, published: 14.01.2026). The furniture frame comprises supports connected by a beam by means of holes and fasteners used with them, the arrangement and number of holes in the supports, mating holes in the beam, as well as fasteners used with these holes, ensures the basing of the beam relative to each support in the absence of degrees of freedom in the connections, wherein each support comprises a rack and bases, a lower one and an upper one, which is installed with the possibility of adjusting the height, the lower base with its lower support points lies on a straight line perpendicular to the vertical axis of the rack, the upper base with its upper points lies on a straight line located at an angle of 75-105 degrees to the vertical axis of the rack, the said straight lines of the lower bases lie in the same plane, the said straight lines of the upper bases lie in the same plane in each support,the connection of the rack to the bases is carried out by means of the end sections of the rack, each of which is made to encircle the base, wherein the upper end section of the rack encircles the upper base, the lower end section of the rack encircles the lower base, the rack is fastened to the lower base by means of openings made in the lower end section of the rack, mating openings located in the lower base, fastening elements used with all of these openings, the location and number of said openings, as well as the fastening elements used with these openings, ensures the basing of the rack relative to the lower base in the absence of degrees of freedom, the upper base is formed by brackets that are connected by means of a beam with openings in each bracket, mating openings in the beam, as well as fastening elements used with all of these openings, the rack is fastened to the upper base by means of openings,The arrangement and number of these holes, as well as the fasteners used with these holes, ensures the alignment of the rack relative to the upper base without any degrees of freedom and allows for the fixation of the upper base relative to the rack at various heights. A disadvantage of this alternative is its low strength.

[0004] The objective of the claimed utility model is to create a collapsible frame with a simple design, high strength and reliability, and resistance to tipping. The utility model reduces manufacturing costs and simplifies assembly and disassembly processes, eliminating the need for special tools. It also ensures compactness when disassembled for transportation and maintainability. The utility model also addresses the problem of creating a furniture frame that can accommodate various furniture panels, both horizontally and vertically oriented, or at other angles, while ensuring a secure and durable connection. Such panels may include, for example, laminated chipboard, wood, glass, and other materials, including tabletops, inclined panels, privacy screens, and more.Additionally, the utility model solves the problem of expanding the arsenal of technical means.

[0005] The main technical result is to increase the strength and reliability of the furniture frame. The design simplification is achieved by reducing the number of complex parts, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency. The frame can be manufactured from various standard elements, including profiles and pipes, using standard manufacturing operations. Improved operational efficiency simplifies assembly and disassembly processes. Improved maintainability allows for the replacement of individual frame components if damaged. The ability to repeatedly assemble and disassemble the frame is achieved by using components and elements that can be assembled and disassembled without affecting their technical parameters (or changing their technical parameters).Fasteners for detachable connections were used to connect the frame components. The ability to install various furniture panels on the frame was achieved by increasing the support surfaces for these panels while increasing the rigidity of both the panel-to-frame connection and the frame itself.

[0006] The objectives are achieved in that the furniture frame contains supports connected by crossbars, each support has posts, the upper ends of which are rigidly connected by a beam, the lower ends of the posts are rigidly connected by a base, while each post is located at an angle of 60-120 degrees to the beam, the upper support points of the frame, not lying on the same line, define a plane located at an angle of 0 to 60 degrees to the plane (located at an angle not exceeding 60 degrees to the plane), which is defined by the lower support points of the frame, not lying on the same line, each connection node of the support with the crossbar is characterized by the fact that it is made by means of a support and a crossbar connected to it at an angle of 75-105 degrees, for this, a section of the crossbar is placed in the cavity of the support, the crossbar is made with a cross-section that provides the possibility of placing any of its sections in the cavity of the support, the fastening of the crossbar to the support is carried out by means of, made in each of them,holes and fasteners used with them, the location and number of holes in the support, the corresponding holes in the cross-beam, as well as the fasteners used with these holes, ensures the basing of the cross-beam relative to the support in the absence of degrees of freedom in the connection.

[0007] It is possible that in each connection node of the support with the crossbar, the connection of the support with the crossbar is realized by means of the internal surfaces of the walls limiting the cavity of the support, and by means of the external surfaces of the crossbar, with a conditional division by the plane of the connection node of the beam with the rack, on one side of this plane there is a supporting section of the beam, on the other side of the plane there is a rack on which the beam rests with its supporting section, the crossbar is fixed on the non-supporting section of the beam, while the lateral surface of the crossbar coincides with the specified plane, the possibility of changing the number of crossbars is dependent on: a ≤ L / 2, that is, the distance between adjacent attachment points of the crossbars on one beam does not exceed 0.5 of the distance between adjacent upper support points of the racks, where: a is the step between adjacent crossbars (the attachment points of their attachment on the beam), L is the distance between the attachment points of the racks.

[0008] It's possible that at each support-to-crossarm connection, the support-to-crossarm connection is realized through the inner surfaces of the walls bounding the support cavity and through the outer surfaces of the crossarm. That is, the walls bounding the support cavity form an enclosing section.

[0009] It is possible that in each connection node of the support with the cross-arm, the section of the support with the cavity is made with opposite walls lying in parallel planes, located in the cavity of the support, the covered section of the cross-arm is made with outer opposite surfaces lying in parallel planes, the connection of the support with the cross-arm is realized by means of the indicated inner surfaces of the walls of the support and the outer surfaces of the cross-arm.

[0010] It is possible that at each connection point of the cross-arm with the support, the fastening of the cross-arm to the support is carried out by means of holes made in each wall bounding the cavity of the support, mating holes made in the cross-arm, fasteners used with all these holes, the holes made in the opposite walls bounding the cavity of the support are coaxial in pairs.

[0011] It is possible that in each connection node of the cross-beam with the support, in each wall that limits the cavity of the support, two holes are made, and there are also two corresponding holes made in the cross-beam.

[0012] It is possible that in each support, the posts, beam, and base lie in the same plane, the beam is located perpendicular to each post and parallel to the base, in the furniture frame, the plane of the upper support points of the frame and the plane of the lower support points of the frame are parallel, the planes of the supports are parallel.

[0013] It's possible that the plane defined by the upper support points of the frame is defined by the beams. Parallel to the plane defined by the beams is the plane defined by the upper points of the crossarms, which are not collinear. The plane defined by the lower support points of the frame is defined by the bases. Furthermore, it's possible that the plane defined by the upper points of the crossarms is the plane of the upper surfaces of the crossarms.

[0014] It is possible that each connection point of the cross-beam with the support is made by means of a cross-beam and a support connected to it at an angle of 90 degrees, the hole that allows the cross-beam section to access the support cavity corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the cross-beam section.

[0015] It is possible that each cross-section is a convex quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and adjacent sides perpendicular. In each support, each upright is a convex quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and adjacent sides perpendicular. The beam is a convex quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and adjacent sides perpendicular. The base is a convex quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and adjacent sides perpendicular. Moreover, it is possible that each cross-section is made of a section of a pipe with a rectangular cross-section. In each support, each upright is made of a pipe with a rectangular cross-section. The beam is made of a pipe with a rectangular cross-section, and the base is made of a pipe with a rectangular cross-section.In this case, it is possible that a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm is used for each cross-arm, the pipe wall thickness is 0.5 ... 3 mm, a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm is used for each post, the pipe wall thickness is 0.5 ... 3 mm, a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm is used for each beam, the pipe wall thickness is 0.5 ... 3 mm, a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm is used for each base, the pipe wall thickness is 0.5 ... 3 mm. In this case, it is possible that the end of each cross-arm has a plug.

[0016] It is possible that the counter holes made in the crossbars are threaded, and the fasteners used with them are threaded.

[0017] It's possible that each counter-hole drilled in each crossbar is equipped with a rivet nut, and the fasteners are screws. The furniture frame may have holes in each support for attaching furniture components, and the base is height-adjustable. These holes may be either vertical or horizontal. Height adjustment may be achieved through screw mechanisms with heel pads.

[0018] It's possible that the crossbars, posts, beams, bases, and fasteners are made of structural steel. However, it's also possible that each support, post, beam, and base are constructed from a single element, such as a section of pipe, by removing material from this single element (at future corners), bending it, and arc welding.

[0019] The furniture frame may have a protective coating, even if it is made of metal. In this case, polyester powder paint can be used as a protective coating.

[0020] The furniture frame may contain two supports connected by two crossbars, each support having two posts. The furniture frame has the following dimensions: height - 200-2000 mm; width - 300-5000 mm; depth (length of each beam) - 200-2000 mm. The utility model is illustrated by figures.

[0021] Fig. 1 - furniture frame, assembled. In each support for placing a section of the crossbar, a cavity is made in the form of a through (passage) hole; axonometric projection;

[0022] Fig. 2 - furniture frame, disassembled, axonometric projection;

[0023] Fig. 3 - furniture frame support, axonometric projection;

[0024] Fig. 4 - support with crossbars (partially shown);

[0025] Fig. 5 - connection unit of the support (beam 3) with the crossbar 1, the latter has threaded holes, fasteners - screws 5;

[0026] Fig. 6 - connection unit of the support (beam 3) with the crossbar 1, the latter has threaded holes, fasteners - screws 5;

[0027] Fig. 7, Fig. 9, Fig. 17 - furniture frame, assembled, dotted line shows a possible furniture panel, axonometric projection;

[0028] Fig. 8, Fig. 10, Fig. 18 - furniture frame, disassembled, a possible furniture panel is shown by a dotted line, axonometric projection;

[0029] Fig. 11, Fig. 14 - furniture frame support, axonometric projection; Fig. 12, Fig. 15 - support with crossbars (partially shown), axonometric projection;

[0030] Fig. 13, Fig. 16 - also, disassembled, axonometric projection;

[0031] Fig. 19 - rack with crossbars (partially shown), fasteners (screws) are shown on the left, axonometric projection;

[0032] Fig. 20 - crossbars and fasteners for furniture panel (screws), the dotted line shows a possible furniture panel, axonometric projection;

[0033] Fig. 21, 22 - possible variants of connecting the post to the beam, the post to the base; the end section of the post is U-shaped, embracing the end section of the beam / base. Fastening is carried out using fasteners, such as threaded screws, bolts, nuts, and rivets are also possible.

[0034] The furniture frame comprises supports connected by crossbars 1 through holes and the fasteners used with them. Each support has uprights 2. The upper ends of the uprights are rigidly connected by a beam 3, and the lower ends of the uprights are rigidly connected by a base 4. Each upright 2 is positioned at an angle of 60-120 degrees to beam 3. The upper support points of beams 3 lie in a plane located at an angle of 0 to 60 degrees to the plane of the lower support points of the frame itself, defined by bases 4.

[0035] Beam support points, like other support points belonging to the supports, are intended to accommodate a furniture panel or several panels. To define a single plane, three non-collinear points are sufficient. A furniture frame may also contain supports connected by only one crossbar. In this case, the frame's rigidity is reduced. The upper surfaces of the crossbars can also be used to accommodate a furniture panel or several panels. To secure a furniture panel to the plane formed by the beams and crossbars, a slight increase in the height of the upper surfaces of the crossbars is sufficient, for example, by using washers, spacers, etc. Increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the support or crossbar will increase the rigidity of the frame.

[0036] To allow the frame to be placed on a surface (floor), both flat and uneven, each support may have foot pads. These may be adjustable, allowing the support to be adjusted in height. For this purpose, for example, each base (4) may have screw mechanisms, each with a foot pad, which may have a shock-absorbing pad, for example, made of polymer or another similar material. To define a single plane, three points are sufficient, corresponding to three support pads that do not lie on the same line. These three support pads may be fixed in height, while the fourth and subsequent ones may be adjustable.

[0037] In a furniture frame, there may be more than two supports. Each support may have more than two uprights. There may be more than two crossbars. The end of each crossbar (if made of pipe) may be fitted with a cap, for example, made of polymer. Caps protect the pipe from corrosion and also improve the ergonomic qualities of the structure.

[0038] Each beam, each crossbar, each post, each base may have holes, both vertically and horizontally oriented, intended for attaching additional structural elements to them, for example, a tabletop, a seat, shelves, including for creating a rack, etc. These holes may be threaded.

[0039] The components of each support can be connected via holes and the fasteners (products) used with them, such as threaded fasteners, including screws, bolts, nuts, self-tapping screws, screws, and rivets. The figures show a support whose metal elements (uprights, beam, and base) are connected using electric arc welding. Also, depending on the materials, adhesives can be used, for example, for wood or polymers; for polymers, welding is carried out by heating the connected sections. Each connection point between the upright and the beam can be realized via the upper end section of upright 2, which can be designed to encircle beam 1 (a section of the beam); for example, for this purpose, such a section of upright 2 can be U-shaped. Similarly, each connection point between the upright and the base can be realized, but via the lower end section of upright 2, which can be designed to encircle base 4.

[0040] In each connection node of the rack with the beam (with the base), the location and number of holes in the rack, the corresponding holes in the beam (in the base), as well as the fasteners used with these holes, ensures the basing of the beam (base) relative to the rack in the absence of degrees of freedom in the connection.

[0041] At each connection point, to ensure a specific and strictly fixed relative position (location) between the post and beam (base) via holes and the fasteners used with them, a necessary and sufficient condition is the presence of one hole on each side of the end enclosing section (e.g., U-shaped) of the post and, correspondingly, the presence of matching holes in the beam (in the base). Moreover, holes located on opposite sides of the end enclosing section of the post should not be coaxial. Also, for locating, a necessary and sufficient condition may be the presence of two holes on one side of the end enclosing section (e.g., U-shaped) of the post and, correspondingly, the presence of matching holes in the beam (in the base). With each of these locating options, the excess degrees of freedom of the connected part relative to the base part in their connection is removed.The holes drilled on each side of the U-shaped end section of the post can be centered on a line perpendicular to the post's longitudinal axis. Corresponding holes drilled in the beam are also centered on a line perpendicular to the post's longitudinal axis. Two holes can be drilled on each side of the end section of the post, and two corresponding holes in the beam are also preferred (if coaxial and through, then only two).

[0042] Thus, the design of each support can utilize a wrap-around connection, where each post, with its end section, wraps around the beam (base). This ensures maximum contact area and, consequently, high connection strength.

[0043] Support design options.

[0044] The figures show a support constructed as a closed loop. Its uprights, beam, and base are located in the same plane. The support can also have a trapezoidal shape, including: with unequal-sized sides; an isosceles trapezoid; or a rectangular trapezoid. The support beam can rest on either the smaller or larger base of the trapezoid; accordingly, the uprights (2) rest on the lateral sides of the trapezoid.

[0045] Other support options are also possible. For example, each upright is arched, the beam is straight; each upright is arched, the beam is arched, and the base is straight or arched. The upright can be arched either outward or inward. The beam and / or base can be arched more inward toward the support, and less outward toward the support. Arched beams in a frame allow for furniture with a curved top panel, such as a tabletop. Arched bases allow for furniture with a curved bottom surface. It is possible to have a horizontal beam connecting the upper ends of the uprights, with one upright positioned at an angle of 60-120 degrees to the beam, and the other positioned at an angle of 60-120 degrees to the beam.

[0046] Depending on the angle of the upright, each upright may have different top and / or bottom ends. If the upright is vertical, this end is positioned at a 180-degree angle to the upright. If the upright is non-vertical, this end may be positioned at either a 180-degree angle to the upright or at an angle that maintains the upright position when the frame is installed on a horizontal surface. The end of the end may be parallel to the horizontal beam or perpendicular to the upright.

[0047] It is possible that one vertical post is located at an angle of 90 degrees to the beam, while the other, inclined post is located at a smaller angle (from 60 to 89 degrees) or a larger angle (from 91 to 120 degrees) to the beam. In a design in which one of the posts is inclined, uneven distribution of the vertical load may be observed (60-70% on the vertical post, 30-40% on the inclined post). To eliminate this effect, the cross-section (sectional area) of the vertical post can be 15-30% larger than the cross-section of the inclined post. Also, more material can be used for the vertical post. For example, when manufacturing a post from a pipe (ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal), the pipe wall thickness can be increased; it is possible to use a more durable material; it is possible to use additional stiffeners, etc. The supports can be made interchangeable.

[0048] Advantages of an inclined post, positioned at an angle (60-89 degrees). The post is inclined inward (the beam is longer than the base), increasing the support base. An inclined post creates a wider contact area between the frame and the floor. This is especially important when furniture is subject to lateral forces (for example, when a person pushes or leans on a piece of furniture, such as a table). In this case, a vertical post (leg) can cause the structure to sway, whereas an inclined post distributes the load more widely and prevents tipping.

[0049] Better resistance to moment loads (torsional rigidity). The inclined post functions as a diagonal brace, which is one of the most effective ways to increase structural rigidity. A vertical post experiences a pure bending moment when a piece of furniture (e.g., a table) is subjected to a lateral force, and the inclined post converts this lateral force into a combination of compression and tension. This allows for the use of less material while maintaining strength, or greater strength with the same amount of material.

[0050] Reduced stress at attachment points. Vertical posts concentrate all lateral stresses at attachment points, such as to a tabletop. The inclined design distributes stress more evenly, moving the point of contact with the floor further from the center of the piece of furniture, such as a table, reducing the moment of force relative to the attachment point.

[0051] Ergonomic effect. In this table, the inclined leg is positioned further from the tabletop at floor level, creating more legroom for those sitting at the table. There are also advantages to an inclined stand positioned at an angle of 91-120 degrees, such as reducing the space required to place the piece of furniture.

[0052] A special case of execution is a design in which each support element (post, beam, base), as well as each cross-section, is a quadrangle with four points (vertices), no three of which lie on the same line, and four segments (sides) that sequentially connect these points without self-intersections; in a quadrangle, opposite sides are parallel, adjacent sides are perpendicular.

[0053] It is possible that each rack, each beam, each base are made of a rectangular pipe, each cross-arm is made of a rectangular pipe. It is possible to use a profile pipe. It is possible that a rectangular pipe of (10-100) × (10-100) mm with a pipe wall thickness of 0.5 ... 3 mm is used for the rack, a rectangular pipe of (10-100) × (10-100) mm with a pipe wall thickness of 0.5 ... 3 mm is used for the beam, a rectangular pipe of (10-100) × (10-100) mm with a pipe wall thickness of 0.5 ... 3 mm is used for the base, a rectangular pipe of (10-100) × (10-100) mm with a pipe wall thickness of 0.5 ... 3 mm is used for the cross-arm, a rectangular pipe of (10-100) × (10-100) mm with a pipe wall thickness of 0.5 ... 3 mm is used for the cross-arm.

[0054] Each support may be permanent, prefabricated, or prefabricated and disassemblable. Accordingly, support connections may be either permanent or detachable. The elements of each support (uprights, beam, base), as well as the cross-arms, may be solid, for example, made of rod, and / or hollow, made of pipe. The cross-section of each such element may be polygonal, trapezoidal, rectangular, square, round, oval, ovoid, with rounded corners, U-shaped, and other cross-sections, as well as any other cross-section that allows for the creation of sections with cavities for the support elements (beam, uprights, base) to accommodate cross-arm sections.

[0055] Materials used for manufacturing can include ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their alloys, polymers, plastics, wood, glass, composite materials, and others. For a non-detachable support, depending on the materials and products made from these materials used in its manufacture, non-detachable connections are possible. For example, welded connections (arc welding, gas welding), soldered connections, and adhesive connections are possible for metals, polymers, and wood. Bending, forging, and casting can be used in the manufacture of a metal support. Casting is also possible for polymers. Connections using adhesives and fasteners, such as nails, are possible for wood, as well as for products containing wood, such as plywood. For a prefabricated support, non-detachable connections are possible, such as riveted connections. For a prefabricated and disassemblable support, various detachable connections are possible. The support elements can be connected by their configuration, for example, tongue and groove, etc.Also, using various fasteners, including threaded ones, such as screws, bolts, nuts, self-tapping screws, wood screws, etc. Rivets can also be used, including: conventional (classic) hot and cold rivets; rod rivets; tubular and semi-tubular rivets; embedded pull rivets (pull), which provide the ability to create a connection with access from only one side.

[0056] Supports and crossbars can be manufactured from standard metal sections and pipes using standard manufacturing processes. As noted above, each support, beam-to-post connections, and base-to-post connections can utilize a female connection, where the end section of the beam (base) encloses the post, or vice versa. For this purpose, the female connection can be U-shaped or similar. This design ensures alignment and centering of the elements relative to each other, improving positioning accuracy during assembly and, consequently, simplifying the assembly process.

[0057] To implement the possibility of enclosing with a U-shaped end section, a beam or section of pipe, for example, of a larger cross-section, is used to construct the post and / or beam (base). In a solid post, beam, or base, for example, of a rectangular cross-section, the U-shaped end section can be formed by milling, sawing, or cutting, i.e., using a cutting tool. Casting to the desired shape is also possible. In a hollow post, beam, or base of a rectangular cross-section, for example, made from a section of pipe, the U-shaped end section can be formed in a similar manner, using the walls of the pipe itself.

[0058] When using structural elements with a cross-section other than rectangular to manufacture a utility model, a prerequisite for such use is the ability to create a U-shaped or similar end section for enclosing. In hollow pillars, beams, and bases with round, oval, ovoid, polygonal, or rounded-corner cross-sections, a U-shaped end section may also be formed using a cutting tool and / or bending (deformation) of the pipe walls.

[0059] This ensures maximum contact area and, consequently, high connection strength, which can be either permanent, such as by welding or arc welding, or detachable, such as through holes and the fasteners used with them, such as threaded fasteners (bolts, screws, nuts, etc.). To evenly distribute loads on the fastener, the mating surface (plane) of the U-shaped end section with its head can be oriented perpendicular to the fastener axis. This can be achieved by milling, drilling, etc.

[0060] Each connection between crossarm 1 and the support is characterized by being formed by a support (in this particular case, by beam 3) and crossarm 1 connected to it at an angle of 75-105 degrees. To achieve this, a section of crossarm 1 is positioned within the support cavity (within the cavity of beam 3). The support section, designed to accommodate a section of crossarm 1 (the beam section with the cavity), is designed with a pair of opposite walls lying in parallel planes. With a horizontal beam, each such wall is positioned horizontally, and accordingly, one of them bounds the cavity from above (is the upper wall), while the other bounds the cavity from below (is the lower wall). Thus, these upper and lower walls define the cavity in the beam.

[0061] The section of cross-arm 1 (embraced) located in the cavity of the support (in the cavity of beam 3) is made with a pair of opposite surfaces lying in parallel planes. The connection of the support (beam 3) with cross-arm 1 is realized by means of the inner surfaces of the said (upper and lower) walls of beam 3 and the said outer surfaces of cross-arm 1. The fastening of cross-arm 1 to the support (to beam 3) is realized by means of holes made in each of them and fasteners used with them, wherein the holes in beam 3 are made in the said opposite walls of beam 3. The corresponding holes in cross-arm 1 are made in the said opposite surfaces of cross-arm 1.

[0062] A more commonly used (common) option would be a furniture frame comprising two supports connected by two crossbars. In each support, the beam, uprights, and base lie in the same plane, with each upright positioned at a 90-degree angle to the beam. The plane of the beam's upper support points and the plane of the base's lower support points, i.e., the frame itself, are parallel. Each connection between crossbar 1 and the support is formed by beam 3 and crossbar 1 connected to it at a 90-degree angle. The upper support surfaces of beams 3, and correspondingly, supports, lie in the same plane. The upper surfaces of crossbars 1 lie in the same plane. These planes are parallel. Also, due to, for example, the variable cross-section of each crossbar, the upper support surfaces of the beams and the upper surfaces of the crossbars can lie in the same plane. Likewise, the lower surfaces of the beams and the lower surfaces of the crossbars can lie in the same plane.

[0063] Each cross-section of a traverse is a convex quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel, adjacent sides perpendicular, and the upper surfaces of the cross-sections lie in the same plane. In each support, each post is a convex quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and adjacent sides perpendicular. The cross-section of a beam is a convex quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and adjacent sides perpendicular. The cross-section of a base is a convex quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and adjacent sides perpendicular.The simplest implementation option would be a design in which each crossbar is made from a section of rectangular pipe, each support post is made from rectangular pipe, the beam is made from rectangular pipe, and the base is made from rectangular pipe. Other design options are also possible, each of which connects beam 3 to crossbar 1 via the internal surfaces of the upper and lower walls of beam 3 and the external surfaces of crossbar 1.

[0064] As noted above, to form a joint, each support element (beam, post, base), including the cross-arm, can be designed with a cross-section in the form of a convex quadrilateral, in which opposite sides are parallel and adjacent sides are perpendicular. Such quadrilaterals include, among others, a parallelogram, rectangle, square, and trapezoid. The joint can involve both solid (e.g., a block) and hollow elements, such as a pipe or pipe sections. The corners of each element (beam, base, cross-arm) can be rounded or slightly modified in some other way. A solid element can also be connected to a hollow element.

[0065] Depending on the structural elements used to manufacture the support (beam, base, rack) and cross-arm, and depending on the geometry of their cross-section (e.g. parallelogram; rectangle; square; circle; figure with walls lying in parallel planes and walls, each of which is arcuate), the cross-sectional area of ​​the support elements and cross-arm may be the same or different. For example, the cross-sectional area of ​​a support element (beam, base, rack) may be larger or smaller. Also, a support element (beam, base, rack) or a beam section working in the connection node with a cross-arm may have a U-shaped cross-section, or similar, with one open side to receive the cross-arm (its end section). If the cavity of the support (beam, base, rack) is limited by two parallel walls (upper and lower, or side, for a rack), then the cross-arm can be passed through such a cavity.Accordingly, a support with such a beam and / or base and / or post can be located in the frame as either a lateral or central support, or occupy the space between the lateral supports. Any structural element that allows for a tight (gap-free) placement of the cross-beam section within the support cavity (beam, base, post) can be used for the manufacture of a cross-beam. A tight, gap-free connection will be more rigid. A connection along only two mating surfaces (the inner surface of the support cavity wall and the surface of the cross-beam section) is also possible, but is less rigid. Therefore, to create a more rigid structure, the spanned cross-beam section should be designed with a pair of opposite surfaces lying in parallel planes. Furthermore, this section, due to the height of its cross-section, should ensure a tight (gap-free) connection with the support (beam, base, post).The size (area) of at least one surface intended for contact must ensure the possibility of fastening the covered section of the crossbar to the mating wall of the support cavity (beam, base, rack).

[0066] The covered section of the cross-beam can have a cross-section: in the form of a convex polygon, including a quadrangular one (parallelogram, rectangle, square, trapezoid); U-shaped; T-shaped; Z-shaped; E-shaped; D-shaped; H-shaped; B-shaped; O-shaped; O-shaped, etc.

[0067] Each crossarm-to-support connection is realized using a beam and a crossarm connected to it at an angle of 75-105 degrees, with a 90-degree angle being the most commonly used. Both the longitudinal axes of the support element (beam, base, post) and the crossarm, as well as the sides of the support element (beam, base, post) and the crossarm, lying on intersecting planes, are located at an angle of 75-105 degrees. Thus, the utility model allows for a connection angle between the support element (beam, base, post) and the crossarm of not only 90 degrees but also any other angle, for example, any angle in the range from 75 to 105 degrees. This is made possible by arranging the fasteners connecting the support element (beam, base, post) and the crossarm perpendicular to their longitudinal axes and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the crossarm.The ability to change the position from 75 to 105 degrees can be achieved, for example, by using oblong rather than round mounting holes in the support element (beam, base, or post). Such holes allow for radial movement. Also, the end section of the crossarm can have rounded corners, allowing the crossarm to rotate relative to the support element (beam, base, or post). The most likely connection angle between the support element (beam, base, or post) and each crossarm is 90 degrees.

[0068] The connection between the crossbar and the support element (beam, base, rack) is made detachable, also, this connection can be made conditionally detachable, for example, by means of rivets.

[0069] Thus, the utility model utilizes a female connection, in which one element encloses a section (end or otherwise) of another element. This ensures a larger contact area and, consequently, high connection strength. Increasing the size of the vertical axis of the connection (fastening) makes the design of the connection assembly, and, consequently, the design of the utility model, more rigid.

[0070] For any connection. The connection between the crossarm and the support element (beam, post, base) is achieved by placing the end or other section of the crossarm within the cavity of the support element (beam, post, base). The opening that allows the crossarm section to enter the cavity of the support element (beam, post) corresponds to the crossarm cross-sectional shape. For a solid support element (section), the cavity may be a groove, recess, etc., allowing the crossarm section to be placed within it. For a hollow support element, for example, made of a pipe, the pipe cavity itself serves as a cavity, allowing the crossarm section to be placed within it.

[0071] As noted above, the crossarm and the support element (beam, post, base) can be connected at an angle of 75-105 degrees. For solid beams, posts, and bases, when connected at an angle other than 90 degrees, the cavity has an increased size; namely, the cavity width must be increased by an amount sufficient to accommodate the crossarm section. The dimensions (width) of the opening providing access for the crossarm section to the cavity of the support element (beam, post) must also be increased. The end section of the crossarm, namely its end face, can also be made at an angle other than 90 degrees. A consequence of this solution is that the mating areas of the surfaces of the crossarm and the support element (beam, post, base) do not decrease. Furthermore, the opening providing access for the crossarm section to the cavity of the support element (beam, post) can correspond to the cross-sectional shape at an angle other than 90 degrees.For a hollow support element (beam, post, base), when connected at an angle other than 90 degrees, the opening allowing access of the crossarm section into the support element cavity may be enlarged. For any of the above options, the side walls of the opening may be made at a corresponding angle to provide a tighter connection between the crossarm and the support element. If the crossarm and the support element (beam, post, base) are connected at an angle of 90 degrees, the opening allowing access of the crossarm section into the support element cavity (beam, post) corresponds to the crossarm cross-sectional shape. The crossarm is fastened to the support element (beam, post, base) using holes drilled in each of them and the fasteners used with them, such as screws, bolts, and nuts.In this case, the holes in the support element (beam, post, base) are located perpendicular to its longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cross-arm, the corresponding holes in the cross-arm are located perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, in its end or other section, depending on the position of the support relative to the cross-arm.

[0072] As noted above, the crossbar can be either solid or hollow. The end section of the crossbar may be hollow, while the rest is solid. Depending on the crossbar's cross-sectional size, the holes drilled on its opposite surfaces may be coaxial or non-coaxial, through or blind. Any of these holes may be threaded. When drilling coaxial holes, the fastening elements (products) may be bolts and nuts. In this case, during assembly, the crossbar can be clamped in a section of the support element (beam, post, or base). Increasing the number of fastenings through holes and the fasteners used with them can increase the rigidity and strength of the joint.

[0073] If the crossarm is solid, its end section may contain through holes, blind holes, or both through and blind holes. Through holes may be threaded or unthreaded. Blind holes are threaded. If the crossarm has a convex quadrilateral cross-section, i.e., is a quadrilateral, each side may be used to make one or more holes. The crossarm cross-section may be a quadrilateral with all sides equal and all angles equal, for example, a square cross-section. In this case, any of its opposite, parallel sides, in a pair, may be connected to the mating internal surfaces of the cavity or groove of the support element (beam groove, post groove, base groove).

[0074] Thus, a crossbar section may have at least one mounting hole on each side. Opposite holes may be on the same axis or on different parallel axes. Thus, each of the four sides of the end section may have at least one mounting hole, and it may be on its own, separate axis. Accordingly, the presence of holes with distances between their axes, possibly at a certain pitch, allows for the position of the crossbar relative to the supporting element (beam, post, foundation).

[0075] To attach a crossbar to a support element (beam, post, or base), a single mounting hole, such as a threaded hole, and one associated fastener (e.g., a screw) are sufficient. If increased adjustment is required, each of the four sides of the crossbar section can be used. Accordingly, adjustment can be implemented, for example, by adjusting the crossbar's four positions relative to the support (beam, post). Even small center-to-center distances, such as 0.5 to 1.5 mm, allow for adjustment of the connection joint during assembly of the main furniture frame.Adjustability (the ability to change the crossarm's position relative to the support element) can also be achieved by making the corresponding mounting holes in the support element not round, corresponding to the fasteners (screws), but oblong (slot-shaped), allowing for radial movement of the fastener (item). Such holes allow for varying the distance between the crossarm and the support element and the ability to continuously adjust the angle. For example, each longitudinal slot can be 5 to 40 mm long, allowing the crossarm to be fixed relative to the support element (beam, post, base) over a fairly wide range of positions. Multiple pairs of holes can also be provided for discrete adjustment, for example, for angles of 75, 90, or 105 degrees.

[0076] To ensure a specific and strictly fixed relative position (location) between a crossarm and a support (beam, post, base) via holes and the fasteners (items) used with them, a necessary and sufficient condition is the presence of one hole on each side of the supporting section (beam, post, base), and, correspondingly, the presence of matching holes in the supporting section of the crossarm. Holes located on opposite sides of the supporting element should not be coaxial. A necessary and sufficient condition for locating may also be the presence of two holes on one side of the supporting section of the supporting element (beam, post, base), and, correspondingly, the presence of matching holes in the supporting section of the crossarm. Each of these locating options removes excess degrees of freedom of the connected component relative to the base component in their connection.

[0077] Possible arrangements of crossbar 1 attachment points on beams 3 relative to the location of the upper attachment points of uprights 2. The implementation of these arrangements requires the frame to have a rigidity sufficient and necessary to ensure torsional rigidity of the upper support surface of the frame, formed by the upper surfaces of beams 3 and crossbars 1, intended for placement and attachment of a furniture panel, such as a tabletop, to this support surface. That is, the arrangement of crossbar 1 attachment points on beams 3 is selected such that the upper "frame" (beams 3 + crossbars 1) functions as a maximally rigid flat diaphragm. To achieve this, in each support, the arrangement of crossbar 1 attachment points on beam 3 can be selected taking into account the necessary and sufficient rigidity of the frame itself, associated with the torsional resistance of the horizontal section of the upper (horizontal) part of the support (beam) from the crossbar to the upright.

[0078] Options for the location of mounting points.

[0079] A - at least one crossbar above each rack (the crossbar node coincides in coordinate with the rack node);

[0080] B - uniform grid: add one more crossbar in the middle between the posts (that is, the crossbar pitch is approximately L / 3 or L / 4)

[0081] C - edge reinforcement: crossbars are shifted closer to the ends of beams 3 (where torsion is usually greater) and can coincide with the outer posts and go 0.2-0.25L from the ends).

[0082] Where, L is the distance between the mounting points of the racks.

[0083] With two crossbars, the structure is more rigid if the attachment points of the crossbars coincide with the attachment points of the upper ends of the posts to the beams, or are located closer to these points.

[0084] Effects. 1. Direct moment transfer: The vertical reactions and bending moments from the uprights 2 are transferred directly to the cross-beams 1 through the common node, bypassing the span of the beam 3. The beam acts only as a beam and does not bear torsion.

[0085] 2. Closed space frame: Two crossbars + two beams 3 form a flat diaphragm, rigid to torsion in the plane.

[0086] 3. No unbraced spans: The entire length of the beam between the cross-pieces equal to L is braced at the support points where the torsion from the eccentric load is maximum.

[0087] Comparison of options (two crossbars).

[0088]

[0089] For a frame of any depth (the length of the beam at the support), with two or more crossbars. The furniture frame contains supports connected by crossbars 1, each support has uprights 2, the upper ends of which are rigidly connected by a beam 3, the lower ends of the uprights 2 are rigidly connected by a base, in the frame, the location and number of crossbars 1 meets the condition: the frame contains crossbars, the fastening points of which on the beams are aligned with the fastening nodes of the upper ends of the uprights (located along the boundary of the fastening nodes of the upper ends of the uprights), and, if it is possible to add crossbars, the distance between adjacent fastening points of the crossbars on one beam does not exceed 0.5 times the distance between adjacent upper support points of the uprights a ≤ L / 2.

[0090] That is, the possibility of changing the number of traverses depends on: a≤L / 2,

[0091] where a is the step between adjacent crossbars (their attachment points on the beam), L is the distance between the attachment points of the racks.

[0092] Conventionally, the beam-post connection can be divided by a plane. On one side of this plane is a section of the beam (unsupported), and on the other side of the plane is the post on which the beam rests (the supporting section). A crossbar is secured to the unsupported section of the beam, with the side surface of the crossbar coinciding with this plane. It is also possible that the frame contains crossbars whose attachment points on the beams are aligned with the attachment points of the upper ends of the posts (and / or are located along the boundary of the attachment points of the upper ends of the posts). In any of the above options, the possibility of varying the number of crossbars depends on: a ≤ L / 2, that is, the distance between adjacent crossbar attachment points on a single beam does not exceed 0.5 times the distance between adjacent upper support points of the posts.

[0093] Fasteners for connecting a crossbar and a support element (beam, rack, base).

[0094] Fasteners (fasteners)—parts used to form a detachable connection—can be used to connect the crossbar and support. These can include screws, bolts, self-tapping screws, wood screws, rivets, dowels, washers, studs, nuts, embedded parts with threaded holes, rivet nuts, etc. For example, in accordance with GOST 27017-86, for example, metal, steel, alloy steel, non-ferrous metals and their alloys. To simplify assembly, set screws and bolts can be used. Also possible for connections and fastenings: threaded bushings with flanges, countersunk bushings, screws with various head types, including round ones, for example, according to ISO 4762, spring washers, self-locking nuts, etc.

[0095] Furniture construction can be performed using fasteners of strength classes 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, and 5.8. The strength class determines the mechanical properties of steel fasteners. Furniture mortise fasteners according to DIN 1624, classifications M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, and M12, can be used to join wooden parts into a single structure. As noted above, crossbars, beams, and rack bases can be made of pipe, such as metal. These include ferrous and non-ferrous metals, steel, aluminum alloys, and others. Accordingly, the ability to cut threads will depend on the pipe wall thickness. If the wall thickness is insufficient, a local thickening for threading is possible. Embedded parts with threaded holes can also be used. Such embedded parts can be metal elements (round, strip-shaped, corner-shaped), which are installed (laid) into the pipe before assembly work on the utility model.In this case, threaded components used in threaded connections (screws, bolts, nuts, and, in the cross-arm, rivet nuts) are preferred. The figures show that each cross-arm and beam are made of pipe and are secured with rivet nuts and screws.

[0096] Riveted joints. Conventionally, riveted joints are considered permanent. The design of the crossbar-to-support connection allows for the removal of installed rivets, for example, using a cutting tool (drill, chisel), which suggests the possibility of damage to the riveted joint. Therefore, the utility model is designed to be assembled and disassembled (allowing for multiple assembly and disassembly).

[0097] The riveted joint provides high resistance to impact and vibration loads. Furthermore, the use of a riveted joint in the utility model is possible for design and technological reasons: changes in the metal structure are excluded; dissimilar, difficult-to-weld, and non-weldable materials can be joined; the possibility of fatigue crack propagation from part to part is prevented in advance. Due to the nature of the load impact on the riveted joint, the joint assembly has mating elements with a transverse load perpendicular to the rivet axis. Depending on the requirements imposed on the utility model and its surfaces, rivets with various head types can be used: flat, semicircular, countersunk, and semi-countersunk. Rivets made of steel, aluminum, and other materials, with various types of coatings, such as polymer coatings, can also be used.

[0098] Rivets and methods of their installation.

[0099] Rivets are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the components (in the sheet stack formed after aligning / connecting the assembly components in the required configuration). Riveting is then performed using a specially designed tool of the second closing head. If necessary, to increase the ductility of the rivet, it can be preheated to high temperatures (e.g., with gas or high-frequency current) before installation. During riveting, the sheet stack is tightened (compressed) (the beam and the rack tube are pressed together), and due to the transverse elastic-plastic deformation of the rivet shank, the initial gap between the shank and the hole walls is filled, which can result in interference. Depending on the rivet diameter, the standard rivet hole diameter d is selected. отв For cold riveting it is recommended:

[0100] d отв =d3+0.05d3, where d3 is the diameter of the rivet being installed.

[0101] Hot riveting rivets, cold riveting rivets, rod rivets, tubular and semi-tubular rivets, and pull-out rivets can be used.

[0102] The utility model makes it possible to: achieve a backlash-free connection through elastic deformation of the walls of the inserted cross-arm section; compensate for manufacturing tolerances in the dimensions of the connected parts; and increase the vibration resistance of the threaded connection by creating a spring-loaded effect. These effects can be achieved by introducing small cuts (slits) in the vertical walls of the end section of the inserted pipe (cross-arm). Each vertical wall can have a cut. This solution transforms the end section of the cross-arm into a collet (spring-loaded) element. A similar solution can be applied to the non-end section of the cross-arm. At the location of the enclosed section of the cross-arm, cuts are made in the walls of the cross-arm, allowing them to deform elastically.

[0103] Achieved effects during assembly. Compensation for manufacturing errors (tolerances): If the end section of the inserted pipe has a slightly larger cross-section, or the inlet hole and / or cavity in the receiving pipe (in the beam) is slightly smaller (by a fraction of a millimeter), the rigid pipe will simply not fit or will jam. Slits in the walls allow for a slight spring force during insertion (when connecting the crossbar to the support). This significantly changes the manufacturing accuracy requirements for the connecting unit components. Assembly becomes smoother and easier.

[0104] Simplifying centering: When inserted, the cut walls act as guide springs, centering the inserted end of the crosshead relative to the outer tube (support). This also helps ensure that the mounting screws fit into the threaded holes. Reduces stress and damage during assembly:

[0105] Because the contact becomes elastic rather than rigid, the risk of metal-to-metal "biting" is reduced, as is the risk of scuffing and damage to coatings such as paint. The achieved results are shown in the assembled unit.

[0106] Expanding effect (V-shaped wedge): The cuts on the inner tube (at the end section of the cross-beam) allow it to deform (expand or contract), pressing more tightly against the inner surfaces of the outer tube (to the inner surfaces of the cavity in the beam).

[0107] Completely eliminates play (rattle): In a standard rigid connection, there should always be a small gap between the outer and inner tubes. When assembled, this gap should allow for a slight play. With cuts, the end section of the inner tube acts like a spring, taking up this gap. The assembly becomes "monolithic," eliminating creaking and mutual movement of the parts.

[0108] Increased vibration resistance of the connection:

[0109] The elasticity of the cut walls creates constant stress in the threaded connections (Grover washer effect). This reduces and eliminates the risk of spontaneous loosening due to vibration. Threaded bushing rotation is reduced and eliminated. Potential drawbacks with cuts: Weakening of the cross-section. This is not critical for most types of furniture, but can be a disadvantage for heavily loaded industrial shelving. To mitigate this, each cut can be made with a hole at the end of the cut (like a keyhole). This relieves stress and prevents cracks in the material under repeated loads.

[0110] Possible cutting designs.

[0111] Length - 10 to 30 mm; width - 2 to 4 mm; a round hole with a diameter of 3-5 mm at the end of the cut; there may be more than one cut on each vertical wall. To strengthen the connection, it is possible to use additional fasteners (screws, bolts, etc.), as well as, on the mating surfaces, the use of guide grooves, such as T-shaped, H-shaped, wave-shaped mating surfaces, the use of damping elements, such as gaskets, inserts, etc.

[0112] In a furniture frame with lateral supports, to increase the speed and accuracy of assembly, the end section of the crossbar may have a guide element(s), such as pins or protrusions, while the female section of the support (beam, post, base) may have fixing holes, cutouts, or recesses for these pins and protrusions. The holes and recesses may be fitted with bushings. This solution also ensures a specific, strictly fixed relative position (base) between the crossbar and support. This ensures automatic alignment and quick assembly, as it allows the parts to instantly "snap" into place during assembly without the need for precise adjustment with screws. Centering chamfers may also be used to simplify positioning. Related, additional effects:

[0113] Self-centering effect: the protrusions (pins) automatically enter the recesses (sockets), determining the relative position of elements 1 and 2;

[0114] Reduces assembly time - no need to adjust the position of parts; improves repeatability - each protrusion (pin) corresponds to a strictly defined location, which eliminates errors during multiple assemblies.

[0115] Effects associated with fasteners (elements). Frictional connection effect: when tightening screws, frictional force is generated between the connecting surfaces, providing additional structural rigidity. Prestress effect: tightening screws creates prestress in the connection, increasing its resistance to dynamic loads.

[0116] The technological advantage of rivet nuts: using rivet nuts allows for the creation of threaded connections in thin-walled pipes, expanding design possibilities. They also allow for single-sided installation without rear access, allowing for quick installation without special preparation, and forming permanent, strong threads for fastening screws and bolts.

[0117] Effects associated with the fact that the connection and fastening of the cross-arm and the support (beam, rack, base) to each other is carried out by means of holes made on one side of the enclosing section of the beam, or made non-coaxially on each side of the enclosing section of the support, mating holes located in the cross-arm, fastening elements (products) used with all these holes.

[0118] Using the above-mentioned fasteners significantly limits the degrees of freedom of the mechanical connection. Unlike a single fastener, a double fastener prevents the crosshead from rotating relative to the beam around the fastener axis. This creates an anti-rotational locking effect that is impossible to achieve with a single fastener. Multiple fasteners provide significantly higher connection rigidity compared to a single fastener. Increasing the number of fasteners leads to a more uniform load distribution and reduced stress concentration. Double fasteners create a distributed loading effect, in which each fastener bears a portion of the total load. Two fasteners (items) in the connection provide increased vibration resistance. Even if one fastener loosens, the second continues to provide fixation, creating redundancy and increasing structural reliability.Thus, increasing the number of fasteners from one to two in a connection creates qualitatively new properties of the structure.

[0119] Effects related to mechanical properties. Damping effect - a dismountable structure with multiple joints has the ability to absorb vibrations due to micro-movements in the joints. This damping effect reduces vibration transmission.

[0120] The effect of temperature deformation compensation - the presence of gaps in the joints allows for compensation of thermal expansion / contraction of materials when the ambient temperature changes.

[0121] Self-locking effect of threads - a self-locking effect appears in threaded connections, preventing spontaneous loosening of fasteners during vibrations.

[0122] The utility model may be designed with adjustable height. For example, each support, or one of the four, may be adjustable, with a thrust pad. Each such support, including the thrust pads, may contain materials with shock-absorbing properties. Height adjustment may be achieved, for example, by means of a screw mechanism. Any mechanisms and / or means may be used to set the supporting sections in the same plane and / or different planes to position the utility model in the required stable position. Such means may include mechanical, hydraulic, gas-actuated struts, and others. Each such means may be considered part of each support. The number of thrust pads, for example, may be four (two for each support). Moreover, due to the presence of bases, a design in which one base has two thrust pads and the other base has one thrust pad is easily implemented.To achieve the desired position, such as horizontal, adjustable foot pads can be used. Also, if there are four foot pads, one adjustable foot pad is necessary and sufficient, since three non-collinear points are sufficient to define the plane. Therefore, if there are more than three foot pads, adjustable foot pads are recommended. Fasteners and their materials. The primary material for metal furniture fasteners is steel, possibly galvanized to withstand various environmental factors. Besides steel, aluminum, zinc, and other alloys, as well as various polymers and plastics, can be used. Brass fasteners offer the following advantages: corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, ergonomics, and non-magnetic properties.To connect the parts of a utility model into a single structure, fasteners according to DIN 1624, classifications M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, M12 can be used. For furniture structures, fasteners (products) of strength classes 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8 can be used. The strength class determines the mechanical properties of steel fasteners. Also, fasteners, screws, bolts, etc. can be used for detachable connections of parts. For example, in accordance with GOST 27017-86. To secure the parts together, set screws and bolts can be used. The fasteners (fasteners) used, threaded fasteners, may not protrude beyond the planes, that is, be flush with the surfaces of the parts, or have countersunk heads.

[0123] Examples of calculating a connection node (for example, for a crossbar with a support) made of steel pipes, each of which has a rectangular cross-section.

[0124] Option 1. Straight threaded holes. Standard ISO 965 taps can be used to cut threads directly into the pipe wall. Option 1 is applicable for threads ≥1.5 mm (minimum M5 or M6), where t is the pipe wall thickness. To prevent loosening due to vibration, additional measures may be necessary, such as the use of locking compounds, spring washers, etc.

[0125] Option 2. Rivet nuts. Installed from one side using a specially designed tool. Characteristics of rivet nuts (ISO 13849).

[0126]

[0127] Effects of using option 2: works at t=0.5-3.0 mm (universal); installation only on one side ("blind" connection); vibration resistance; can be removed and reinstalled repeatedly; rivet ("blind") nuts have a constant load-bearing capacity regardless of the material thickness.

[0128] Materials used to manufacture the utility model. These may include ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their alloys, polymers, plastics, wood, composite materials, glass, materials with light transmission, etc. The advantages of cast metal include: the monolithic structure eliminates weak points in welded joints, reducing the likelihood of fatigue failure, including during repeated assembly / disassembly cycles.

[0129] Depending on the material used, a solid crossbeam can have a U-shaped end section, or one with a blind hole, such as a rectangular one. This can be achieved, for example, using a cutting tool, including milling, turning, or sawing. Casting to the desired shape is also possible. In a solid support element (beam, post, base), the female section can be formed in a similar manner. In a hollow support element (beam, post, base), the female section can also be formed using a cutting tool. For example, carbon structural steel 08PS can be used for the manufacture of metal elements. The strength and hardness of this steel are low, but its advantages include impact toughness and ductility, making it resistant to dynamic (impact) loads. Also, steel 3, steel 5, and for use in low temperature conditions, steel 09G2S.Carbon steels, low-alloy steels (such as 09G2S, St3SP), and alloy steels (corrosion-resistant) can also be used as materials. Of the latter, austenitic steels, austenitic-ferritic steels (such as 08Kh21N6M2T, 08Kh22N6T, 08Kh18G8N2T), and austenitic-martensitic steels (such as 08Kh17N5M3, 07Kh16N6, 09Kh15N9Yu) are preferred. Corrosion-resistant steels and alloys can also be used. The utility model may employ components made of different materials. For example, crossbars made of polymer, and supports made of metal, or other combinations.

[0130] Utility model design options and dimensions. For each crossbar and support. The crossbar can be made of a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm, with a wall thickness of 0.5 ... 3 mm, the beam is made of a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm, with a wall thickness of 0.5 ... 3 mm, the base is made of a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm, with a wall thickness of 0.5 ... 3 mm. Screws from M3 to M12. Solid crossbar, beam, and base can be selected similarly.

[0131] Corrosion protection. Available protective coatings include galvanizing, phosphating, passivation, and oxidation. Hot-dip galvanizing is achieved by dipping the part into molten zinc at 450-480°C, creating a coating layer of 50-150 µm. Low-carbon and alloy steels require protective coatings. Aluminum and titanium alloys form passive oxide films that protect the substrate from corrosion; Ti-6Al-4V's TiO2 film ensures long-term stability in various environments.

[0132] Protective coatings. The surfaces of metal elements may have a protective and decorative coating, for example, at least class 3 according to GOST 9.032-74, GOST 9.410-88 and at least class 2 for galvanic coating according to GOST 9.104-79, GOST 9.103-78. To protect against corrosion and aging, the connecting assembly may have the following coatings: protective, protective and decorative, electrical insulating, or abrasion-resistant.

[0133]

[0134]

Claims

1. A furniture frame characterized in that it contains supports connected by crossbars, each support has uprights, the upper ends of which are rigidly connected by a beam, the lower ends of the uprights are rigidly connected by a base, each upright is located at an angle of 60-120° to the beam, the upper support points of the frame, not lying on the same line, define a plane located at an angle not exceeding 60° to the plane, which is defined by the lower support points of the frame, not lying on the same line, each connection node of the support with the crossbar is characterized in that it is made by means of a support and a crossbar connected to it at an angle of 75-105°, for this purpose a section of the crossbar is placed in the cavity of the support, the crossbar is made with a cross-section that ensures the possibility of placing any of its sections in the cavity of the support, the fastening of the crossbar to the support is carried out by means of holes made in each of them and fasteners used with them, the location and number of holes in the support, mating holes in the crossbar,as well as fasteners used with these holes, ensures the basing of the crossbar relative to the support in the absence of degrees of freedom in the connection.

2. A furniture frame according to paragraph 1, characterized in that in each connection node of the support with the crossbar, the connection of the support with the crossbar is realized by means of the internal surfaces of the walls limiting the cavity of the support, and by means of the external surfaces of the crossbar with a conditional division by the plane of the connection node of the beam with the rack, on one side of this plane there is a supporting section of the beam, on the other side of the plane there is a rack on which the beam rests with its supporting section, the crossbar is fixed on the non-supporting section of the beam, while the lateral surface of the crossbar coincides with the specified plane, the possibility of changing the number of crossbars is dependent on: a≤L / 2, that is, the distance between adjacent attachment points of the crossbars on one beam does not exceed 0.5 of the distance between adjacent upper support points of the racks, where a is the step between adjacent crossbars, that is, the attachment points of their fastening on the beam, L is the distance between the attachment points of the racks.

3. A furniture frame according to paragraph 2, characterized in that in each connection node of the support with the crossbar, the section of the support with the cavity is made with opposite walls lying in parallel planes, the covered section of the crossbar located in the cavity of the support is made with outer opposite surfaces lying in parallel planes, the connection of the support with the crossbar is realized by means of the said inner surfaces of the walls of the support and the outer surfaces of the crossbar.

4. A furniture frame according to paragraph 3, characterized in that at each connection point of the crossbar with the support, the crossbar is fastened to the support by means of holes made in each wall that bounds the cavity of the support, mating holes made in the crossbar, fasteners used with all of these holes, and the holes made in the opposite walls that bound the cavity of the support are coaxial in pairs.

5. A furniture frame according to paragraph 4, characterized in that in each connection node of the crossbar with the support, in each wall that limits the cavity of the support, two openings are made, and there are also two counter-openings made in the crossbar.

6. A furniture frame according to any one of paragraphs 1-5, characterized in that in each support of the rack the beam and the base lie in the same plane, the beam is located perpendicular to each rack and parallel to the base, in the furniture frame the plane of the location of the upper support points of the frame and the plane of the location of the lower support points of the frame are parallel, and the planes of the location of the supports are parallel.

7. A furniture frame according to any one of paragraphs 1-6, characterized in that the plane defined by the upper support points of the frame is defined by the beams, parallel to the plane defined by the beams, there is a plane defined by the upper points of the crossbars that do not lie on the same straight line, and the plane defined by the lower support points of the frame is defined by the bases.

8. A furniture frame according to paragraph 7, characterized in that the plane defined by the upper points of the crossbars is the plane of the location of the upper surfaces of the crossbars.

9. A furniture frame according to any one of paragraphs 1-8, characterized in that each connection point of the crossbar with the support is made by means of a crossbar and a support connected to it at an angle of 90°, and the opening that allows access of a section of the crossbar into the cavity of the support corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the section of the crossbar.

10. A furniture frame according to any one of paragraphs 1-9, characterized in that each cross-section of each cross-member is a convex quadrangle whose opposite sides are parallel and adjacent sides are perpendicular, in each support each post in the cross-section is a convex quadrangle whose opposite sides are parallel and adjacent sides are perpendicular, the beam in the cross-section is a convex quadrangle whose opposite sides are parallel and adjacent sides are perpendicular, the base in the cross-section is a convex quadrangle whose opposite sides are parallel and adjacent sides are perpendicular.

11. A furniture frame according to paragraph 10, characterized in that each crossbar is made from a section of a pipe with a rectangular cross-section, in each support each post is made from a pipe with a rectangular cross-section, the beam is made from a pipe with a rectangular cross-section, and the base is made from a pipe with a rectangular cross-section.

12. A furniture frame according to paragraph 11, characterized in that a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm is used for each crossbar, the pipe wall thickness is 0.5-3 mm, a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm is used for each upright, the pipe wall thickness is 0.5-3 mm, a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm is used for each beam, the pipe wall thickness is 0.5-3 mm, and a pipe with a rectangular cross-section of (10-100) × (10-100) mm is used for each base, the pipe wall thickness is 0.5-3 mm.

13. A furniture frame according to any of paragraphs 11, 12, characterized in that the end of each crossbar has a plug.

14. A furniture frame according to any one of paragraphs 1-13, characterized in that the counter holes made in the crossbars are threaded, and the fasteners used with them are threaded.

15. A furniture frame according to paragraph 14, characterized in that each counter hole made in each crossbar is provided with a rivet nut, and the fasteners are screws.

16. A furniture frame according to any of paragraphs 1-15, characterized in that it has openings for fastening furniture parts, and in each support the base is made with the possibility of adjusting the height.

17. A furniture frame according to clause 16, characterized in that the ability to adjust the height is provided by means of screw mechanisms with heels.

18. A furniture frame according to any of paragraphs 1-17, characterized in that the crossbars, posts, beams, bases and fasteners are made of structural steel.

19. A furniture frame according to item 18, characterized in that in each support each post with a beam and with a base are made from one element, namely, by removing material from this one element, bending this element and arc welding.

20. A furniture frame according to any of paragraphs 18, 19, characterized in that it has a protective coating.

21. A furniture frame according to paragraph 20, characterized in that polyester powder paint is used as a protective coating.

22. A furniture frame according to any of paragraphs 1-21, characterized in that it contains two supports connected by two crossbars, each support has two posts, the furniture frame has the following dimensions: height - 200-2000 mm; width - 300-5000 mm; depth - 200-2000 mm.

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