Device for pre-sowing soil preparation

Abstract

A useful device for pre-sowing soil preparation, for expanding functional capabilities, and obtaining a high-quality, loosened and enriched liquid fertilizer or urea-ammonium carbonate (UAC) topsoil 8-10 cm deep, suitable for sowing grain.To the frame 5 at the rear, beams 7 are welded, at the ends of which drive mechanisms 8 from the MVU-5 machine are mounted, equipped with pulleys 9 for belt drives, with disks 10, equipped with loosening elements 11 uniformly fixed around the circumference from the segments of the mowers, wherein the pulleys 9 on the drive mechanisms 8, by means of belt drives, are connected with the leading pulley 12, mounted on the end of the shaft 13, the other end of which, by means of a support bearing 14 installed on the central beam welded at the rear, is connected to the PTO 16 of the tractor 1, wherein on the sides of the tractor 1, with the help of special brackets 3, paired containers 4 for liquid fertilizers or fertilizers, connected below, with a system for feeding them in the form of an auger pump 17, an adjusting valve 18, a pipeline 19 and a system with sprayers 20, fixed on the external brackets 21, are hung in pairs, connected to each other at the bottom, with the help of special brackets 3.

Description

[0001] The utility model "Device for pre-sowing soil preparation" pertains to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to means for simultaneously loosening the soil with triangular paws to a processing depth of 18-20 cm, a rotary tooth harrow of the surface layer to a depth of 8-10 cm and continuous application of liquid complex fertilizers (LCF) or urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) to the loosened soil.

[0002] A device for pre-sowing cultivation of rice paddies (see Russian Patent No. 2824826) is known. It comprises a subsoiler, working tines with knives, wing-shaped side blades, and tungsten carbide-coated teeth, and a hydraulic twin-ring rear roller. A barrel is mounted on the device's frame, connected at the bottom via a pipe to a pump equipped with a pressure regulation system, a system for dosing and delivering working fluid to the soil, and a hitch system. The pump outlet is connected via a pipe to a dosing system designed as a rotameter, the conical element of which is connected to a rod that sets the required dose.The dosing system is connected to a system for delivering working fluid to the soil. This system consists of a 4-meter square pipe positioned behind the double ring roller. The pipe is perforated at the bottom for draining the solution, has an elastic seal, and is pivotally mounted to a sliding plate controlled by a linear actuator. The pipe's central section is pivotally mounted to the rigidly fixed end of the pipe with a seal and is equipped with an actuator, which is mounted vertically on the front. The pipe is also equipped with a U-shaped bracket, which attaches it to a flange mounted on a worm gear motor, which is mounted on an angle bracket welded to the central section of the second-row frame beam.The electric motor of the gear motor is connected to the power supply unit of the power vehicle through a control system installed on the frame beam of the second row of struts, including resistors, capacitors, gyroscope contacts on the top left and top right, transistors, a zener diode, and microcircuits.

[0003] The disadvantages of this device include a complex system for applying liquid fertilizers and urea-ammonium nitrates, as well as insufficient soil cultivation due to poor crushing of weed rhizomes.

[0004] The closest in technical essence and achieved economic effect is the Mounted Plough (see Russian Federation Patent 2144749, class A 01 B 3 / 36), which includes a rectangular tubular, welded frame equipped with a three-point hitch system on a tractor and adjustment of the processing depth in the form of support wheels installed at different heights, with working bodies fixed to it - plate racks, in the lower part of which arrow-shaped paws are fixed at an angle.

[0005] The disadvantages of this well-known technical solution are low functionality - only non-moldboard loosening to a depth of 18-20 cm, as well as insufficient soil preparation for sowing grain due to relatively large clods, poor crushing of weed rhizomes and the lack of application of liquid fertilizers or UAN.

[0006] The technical result is to improve the quality of preparation of the topsoil layer at a depth of 8-10 cm for sowing grain.

[0007] The technical result is achieved in that in a device for pre-sowing soil preparation including a rectangular tubular, welded frame (5) equipped with a three-point hitch system on a tractor and adjustment of the depth of processing in the form of support wheels installed at different heights, with racks with arrow-shaped paws (6) fixed to it and installed at an angle to the direction of movement, according to the claimed utility model, beams (7) are welded to the frame (5) at the rear, at their ends are mounted, equipped with pulleys (9) for belt drives, drive mechanisms (8) from the MVU-5 machine with disks (10) equipped with loosening elements (11) from mower segments uniformly fixed around the circumference, wherein the pulleys (9) on the drive mechanisms (8), by means of belt drives, are connected to the drive pulley (12), mounted on the end of the shaft (13),the other end of which is designed with the possibility of being connected by means of a support bearing installed on a central beam welded at the rear to the tractor's PTO, while a system with sprayers (20) is secured to the external brackets (21), connected to the supply pipeline (19).

[0008] A new element is that beams are welded to the frame at the rear, at the ends of which are mounted drive mechanisms from the MVU-5 machine, equipped with pulleys for belt drives, with disks equipped with loosening elements from mower segments uniformly fixed around the circumference, while the pulleys on the drive mechanisms are connected by means of belt drives to the drive pulley mounted on the end of the shaft, the other end of which is connected to the PTO of the tractor by means of a support bearing installed on the central beam welded at the rear, and on the sides of the tractor are hung with the help of special brackets paired tanks for liquid fertilizers or fertilizers, connected below, with a system for their supply in the form of a screw pump, a regulating valve, a pipeline and a system with sprayers.

[0009] The utility model "Device for pre-sowing soil preparation" is shown schematically in the drawings: Fig. 1 - top view of the device; Fig. 2 - section A-A; Fig. 3 - section B-B.

[0010] The utility model "Device for pre-sowing soil preparation" comprises a wheeled tractor 1 with a soil loosening device mounted at the rear by means of a three-point hitch 2 (not shown fully in the diagram) and, in the middle, with paired tanks 4 for liquid fertilizers or urea-based fertilizers mounted on the sides by means of special brackets 3 and a means for feeding them. The tanks 4 are connected to each other at the bottom by a hose (not shown in the diagram). The soil loosening device comprises a rectangular, welded tubular frame 5, equipped with depth adjustment systems in the form of support wheels installed at different heights. Racks with arrow-shaped paws 6 for primary soil cultivation to a depth of 18-20 cm are fixed to the frame 5 in fastening brackets. The paws 6 are installed at an angle to the direction of travel. Beams 7 are welded to the frame 5 at the rear on both sides. Drive mechanisms 8 used in the MVU-5 mineral fertilizer spreader are mounted on the ends of the beams 7, with pulleys 9 for belt drives and disks 10 on their shafts.At the bottom, loosening elements 11 are attached to the disks 10 by means of angular brackets, uniformly around the circumference, for which purpose mower segments are used, mounted at a depth of 8-10 cm. Pulleys 9, installed on drive mechanisms 8, are connected by means of belts to a drive pulley 12, mounted on a shaft 13. Shaft 13 is connected by means of a support bearing 14, installed on a central beam 15 welded at the rear, with its other end connected to a PTO 16 of tractor 1. The means for feeding and applying liquid fertilizers and potassium carbonate includes a screw pump 17 lowered into a container 4, the electric motor of which is powered by the electrical system (not shown in the diagram) of tractor 1. Pump 17 is connected through a regulating valve 18, a supply pipeline 19, with a system with sprayers 20, fixed on external brackets 21.

[0011] The operation of the utility model is as follows. In the field, using the hitch system 2 and the adjustment of the soil cultivation depth, the frame 5, mounted on the tractor 1, is moved into the working position by its hydraulic system (not shown in the diagram). When the frame 5 moves, the struts with paws 6 installed at an angle to the direction of movement perform moldboard-less loosening of the soil to a specified depth (usually 19-20 cm). This destroys the compacted plow pan, improving the penetration of moisture and nutrients into the soil, increasing its fertility and crop yield. Simultaneously, from the PTO 16 of the tractor 1, through the shaft 13 mounted in the support bearing 14 on the central beam 15, rotation is transmitted to the drive pulley 12. From it, via belts, the pulleys 9 on the left and right of the drive mechanisms 8, and the discs 10 with loosening elements 11 are transmitted.At the same time, elements 11 perform a complex cycloid-trochoidal motion in the surface layer, 8-10 cm deep, transversely crushing clumps of hard soil, cutting weed roots, and providing the necessary loosening quality for the seeding of industrial crops. Simultaneously, liquid fertilizer (ZhKU) or urea-based fertilizer (KAS) is supplied to the loosened surface from tanks 4 via a system with sprayers 20, secured to remote brackets 21, a pipeline 19, a control valve 18, and an auger pump 17, powered by the power system of tractor 1. These fertilizers, entering the cracks, saturate the surface soil layer, promoting increased fertility.

[0012] The use of the proposed unit for primary pre-sowing no-till tillage of industrial and grain crops will provide expanded functionality, increased efficiency and quality of loosening for their cultivation, and the introduction of liquid fertilizers or UAN into the surface soil layer will contribute to increased fertility.

Claims

A device for pre-sowing soil preparation, including a rectangular welded tubular frame (5) equipped with a three-point hitch system on a tractor and a system for adjusting the depth of processing in the form of support wheels installed at different heights, with racks with arrow-shaped paws (6) fixed to it, installed at an angle to the direction of movement, characterized in that beams (7) are welded to the frame (5) at the rear, at the ends of which drive mechanisms (8) from the MVU-5 machine are mounted, equipped with pulleys (9) for belt drives, with disks (10) equipped with loosening elements (11) from mower segments uniformly fixed around the circumference, wherein the pulleys (9) on the drive mechanisms (8) are connected by means of belt drives to a drive pulley (12) mounted on the end of a shaft (13), the other end of which is designed with the possibility of connecting by means of a support bearing installed on a central beam welded at the rear to the PTO of the tractor,at the same time, a system with sprayers (20) is fixed to the external brackets (21), connected to the supply pipeline (19).

Images